CN106305197A - Method for recovering waste matrix of radix notoginseng - Google Patents
Method for recovering waste matrix of radix notoginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN106305197A CN106305197A CN201610655764.3A CN201610655764A CN106305197A CN 106305197 A CN106305197 A CN 106305197A CN 201610655764 A CN201610655764 A CN 201610655764A CN 106305197 A CN106305197 A CN 106305197A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering a waste matrix of radix notoginseng. The method comprises the following steps: building of a firewood, combustion, anaerobic fermentation, aerobic recovery, natural fermentation, impurity removal and uniform stirring. According to the method, the waste matrix is subjected to heating and high-temperature treatment to enable a raw material to enter an anaerobic state; by high temperature and consumption of oxygen in a soil layer, harmful bacteria, pests and eggs of the pests in the soil layer are killed; the high-temperature treatment can supplement nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium trace elements and organic matters; by the processes of the anaerobic fermentation, the aerobic recovery and the natural fermentation, the soil structure is improved, indigenous floras in the soil are recovered, and the fertility of the soil is enhanced, so that the successive cropping obstacle of the radix notoginseng is effectively suppressed. By a simple treatment method, the soil and the matrix of the radix notoginseng can be repeatedly and cyclically used, and the problems of waste of land resources and relatively high pesticide residue which are caused by the conventional treatment method are solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng.
Background technology
Radix Notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) it is araliaceae ginseng plant, there is the highest medicine and nutritive value, its
Belonging to ombrophyte, growing environment is required harshness, soil is advisable with loose, well-drained sandy loam, and soil moisture content exists
25%-40%, acid-base value is that pH 4.5-8.0 is advisable, and the light transmittance of nursery stage typically requires to control at 8%-12%, the suitable temperature of growth
Degree is for 20-25 DEG C.Its Genuine producing area is at mountain of papers, yet with notoginseng obstacle seriously, and 10 to 20 years can not continuous cropping.Radix Notoginseng road
Ground producing region face without ground can plant, notoginseng planting to Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi and various places, Yunnan transfer.Continuous cropping obstacle makes Radix Notoginseng produce
Sink into peasant's experience for a long time to produce, plant one batch and change a place.Raw material site can not be built, and product quality is difficult to ensure, seriously
Hinder Radix Notoginseng industry modernization process.
The mechanism of notoginseng obstacle is sufficiently complex, including soil-borne disease, Auto toxicity, nutritive equilibrium, soil microorganism
Growth and decline etc. factor.Soil-borne disease is the primary restriction factor of notoginseng obstacle.Current research shows: Radix Notoginseng root-rot is ground
Lower insect, root-knot nematode, fungus Fusarium spp., antibacterial Erwinias etc. more than ten are planted caused by pathogen Combined Infection.Tradition preventing and treating
Method have breeding for disease resistance, grafting, crop rotation, plough deeply, soil removal and replacement, chemical pesticide pouring root etc..But owing to land limited and implementation are intensive
Plantation, crop rotation is difficult to carry out；The kind of anti-multiple soil-borne disease and stock are difficult to cultivate；Plough deeply and economically can not with soil removal and replacement
OK；Chemical pesticide pouring root effect is limited, and easily causes pesticide residues and exceed standard and underground water pollution.Owing to lacking effective technology,
Peasant uses preventing and treating root-knot nematode and subterranean pest-insect, these toxicity of pesticide such as banned pesticides Aldicarb, carbofuran, thimet in a large number
High, residual period, is long, and seriously polluted to subsoil water, affects the life and health of people.
Soilless cultivation substrate carries out Radix Notoginseng growing nursery and culture, changes tradition cultivation of pseudo-ginseng pattern, it is achieved that level land is advised
Modelling, intensive, facility, standardized planting, can reduce soil, the degree of dependence of soil, reduces disease prosperity to alleviating
The purpose of continuous cropping obstacle.But the seedling medium planted faces the problem of continuous cropping equally, thus effectively recover the spy of substrate
Property and sterilization treatment, be realize substrate recycle, the continuable basis of cultivation of pseudo-ginseng.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng, can kill harmful levels of pathogens in soil layer and
Insect and worm's ovum thereof, the effective characteristic recovering substrate, recover soil fertility.
The technical scheme that the present invention provides:
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng, comprises the following steps:
A. material prepares: build firewood heap, covers combustion-supporting Organic substance successively and waste and old substrate forms mound on fire heap；
B. burning: control the mound flames of anger, make waste and old substrate sultry in cigarette, burn 5～7 days；
C. anaerobic fermentation: by the mound after burning, carry out anaerobic fermentation 10～20 days；Humidity is 10～20%, and temperature is 35～40
DEG C, pH value is 6.8～7.5；
D. recover aerobic: the waste and old substrate after anaerobic fermentation is sufficiently turned over, breathes freely and dry in the sun；
E. fermentation: the aerobic substrate of recovery is carried out natural fermentation 15～30 days；Humidity is 15～30%, and temperature is 40～50 DEG C,
PH value is 7.5～8.5；
F. remove impurity: the firewood not burnt down in removing heap or substrate；
G. stir: by the substrate after remove impurity through pulverizing and stirring after the screen filtration of 40 mesh.
Preferably, described combustion-supporting Organic substance is Radix Glycyrrhizae skin or dry straw.Radix Glycyrrhizae skin or dry straw raw material simplicity are easily sought, can
To reduce cost, refuse is utilized, effectively avoids the pollution caused in conventional dry turf or dry straw processing procedure,
Furthermore, Radix Glycyrrhizae skin or dry straw, rich in abundant organic matter and mineral, form plant ash, mainly coming for potash fertilizer after burning
Source, can also effectively strengthen the soil fertility of waste and old substrate in addition.
Preferably, described step E is fermented for being added with organic substance fertilizer.By being added with organic substance fertilizer, change first
Kind matrix structure, it is to avoid substrate hardens, increases substrate fertility, prevents the physico chemical factor of substrate from changing, and promotes substrate probiotics
Growth and breeding, actinomycetes, the yeast that plays an important role crop development such as pathogen natural enemy can obtain more numerous
Growing, and can also generate nutrient necessary to crops on this basis, glucose, ethanol, aminoacid etc. are exactly by hydrolyzable
Produced by the amylase of enzyme genus, protease, enzyme alcohol etc. enzyme matter, protein and saccharide are generated.
Further, the weight ratio being added with organic substance fertilizer and waste and old substrate described in is 1:2～1:4.
Further, described organic fertilizer includes, by weight, and cattle manure 30～40 parts, chicken manure 20～30 parts, urine
10～15 parts, bean dregs 10～15 parts, cake fertilizer 10～20 parts.
Further, described organic fertilizer includes, by weight, and cattle manure 35 parts, chicken manure 25 parts, urine 12 parts, bean
Slag 13 parts, 15 parts of cake fertilizer.
Preferably, described step A～E are carried out in fermentation vat.Waste and old substrate carried out in fermentation vat, it is to avoid
The environmental pollution being likely to result in outdoor processing procedure and fire.
Preferably, described fermentation vat is provided with exhaust treatment system.The harmful gas that will produce during waste and old matrix treatments
Body discharges after being collected and processing again, effectively avoids air pollution.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
Waste and old substrate is carried out heating high-temperature process by the present invention, makes raw material enter anaerobic state, by high temperature and consumption soil layer
Oxygen, kill the harmful levels of pathogens in soil layer and insect and worm's ovum thereof, play treatment notoginseng obstacle, preventing and treating Radix Notoginseng pest and disease damage
Effect；Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, middle trace element and organic matter can be supplemented by high-temperature process simultaneously, disappear to compensating substrate organic matter
Consumption, substrate of fostering and apply fertilizer have highly important effect.
The present invention adds combustion-supporting Organic substance, on the one hand can strengthen the soil fertility of waste and old substrate；On the other hand, can help
Combustion keeps continuing of firepower；Substantial amounts of combustion-supporting Organic substance, can control again firepower, it is to avoid material deflagrate, keeps mound only to see
White cigarette, the flames of anger, make waste and old substrate cigarette and sultry in abundant anaerobism, effectively kill the harmful levels of pathogens in soil layer and insect and
Its worm's ovum.
The present invention carries out anaerobic fermentation in the case of starvation, recovers soil flora, is conducive to preventing and treating continuous cropping obstacle,
And make some materials change into microbial manure by anaerobic fermentation, also can strengthen the fertility of soil.
The present invention carries out natural fermentation to substrate, can not only improve soil physical property, makes Soil conservation soft, and farming is held
Easily, facilitate soil aggregate, increase soil aperture, promote root mass growth；Increase soil water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving ability, reduce drip washing
Loss.Soil flora can also be recovered, improve fertilizer efficiency.Promoting the growth of beneficial microbe bacterium, in energy activating air, nitrogen, decomposition are released
Put the phosphorus potassium nutrition of indissoluble.The beneficial microorganism amount reproduction outwardly metabolite such as secreting hormone, polysaccharide, suppression soil is sick
Growing of former bacterium, can promote that crop root is flourishing, grow vigorous, reduce various disease and spread.Supplement the soil organism, slow
The nutrition that On The Drug Release plant growth is required.Beneficial microbe can also produce multiple enzyme simultaneously, promotes Panax notoginseng Growth.To Radix Notoginseng substrate
Fermentation energy effectively suppresses the multiple soil disease such as continuous cropping obstacle, root rot.
Waste and old substrate is turned waste into wealth by the present invention, and provides the seedling medium containing abundant trace element, meets Radix Notoginseng raw
Long demand, the present invention effectively solves notoginseng obstacle to soil and the impact of substrate, by simple processing method
Radix Notoginseng soil and the substrate is enable to repeat and to recycle, it is to avoid land resource waste that traditional treatment method causes and pesticide
The problem that residual quantity is higher.The present invention has greatly facilitated the sustainable development of notoginseng planting industry.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of recovery waste and old substraturn approach of Radix Notoginseng, comprises the following steps:
A, outfit raw material, annual 9-12 month, before catching crop sowing autumn and winter, dry weather, weeds started withered and yellow for raw material
Opportunity, band soil plane mountain turf or weeds skin standby；It is selected in place open outdoor, the terrace of ventilation backwater, select sunny weather,
Turf is opened, after drying, is that hollow is cone-shaped with some upright builts of thatch bavin, below cone core, pad one layer of Radix Glycyrrhizae skin, cone
Surrounding envelope heap Radix Glycyrrhizae skin, Bian Dui limit compresses, then is covered with waste and old substrate in turf heap periphery and becomes mound.
B, the windward side of mound prize an air vent, light the thatch bavin ashing at mound center with dried firewood；Only control mound
White cigarette, the flames of anger can be seen, find that naked light to be pushed down with fine earth immediately；During ashing, burning limit, limit adds new dry on mound surface
Turf, makes turf and waste and old substrate sultry in cigarette, typically to burn 5 days.
After C, dust heap burn down, bedding plastic sheeting on soil layer, through sufficient anaerobic fermentation 10 days；Wherein humidity is
10%, temperature is 35 DEG C, and pH value is 6.8.
D, take off covering plastic sheeting on soil layer, planting site is sufficiently turned over, ventilative and dry in the sun, make kind
Plant soil layer to recover to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state.
E, add organic fertilizer carry out natural fermentation 15 days by recovering aerobic substrate；Wherein humidity is 15%, and temperature is 40
DEG C, pH value is 7.5.Wherein organic fertilizer is 1:2 with the weight ratio of waste and old substrate；The raw material of organic fertilizer includes, by weight
Gauge, cattle manure 30 parts, chicken manure 20 parts, urine 15 parts, 15 parts of bean dregs, 20 parts of cake fertilizer.
All faggot not burnt down and some substrate not burnt of outside in F, removing heap.
By the screen cloth of 40 mesh, mix homogeneously after G, the substrate pulverizing that will bake.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng, comprises the following steps:
A. material prepares: building firewood heap in fermentation vat, pad one layer of dry straw below cone core, cone surrounding seals heap dry straw,
It is covered with waste and old substrate at out-pile and becomes mound.
B. the burning of mound is controlled by controlling the circulation of fermentation vat air: make mound only see white cigarette, the flames of anger, make to give up
Old substrate is sultry in cigarette；Burn 7 days.
C., after burning, close the circulation of fermentation vat air, make mound carry out anaerobic fermentation 20 days；Wherein humidity is 20%, temperature
Degree is 40 DEG C, and pH value is 7.5.
D. in fermentation vat, it is passed through air, and the old substrate after fermentation is sufficiently turned over, breathed freely and dry in the sun；Make plantation
Soil layer recovers to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state.
E. the aerobic substrate of recovery be there was added organic substance fertilizer and carry out natural fermentation 30 days；Wherein humidity is 30%, and temperature is
50 DEG C, pH value is 8.5.Wherein organic fertilizer is 1:4 with the weight ratio of waste and old substrate；Described organic fertilizer includes, presses
Weight meter, cattle manure 40 parts, chicken manure 30 parts, urine 10 parts, 10 parts of bean dregs, 10 parts of cake fertilizer.
F. the substrate in fermentation vat is taken out, the firewood not burnt down in removing heap or substrate.
G. by the screen cloth of 40 mesh, mix homogeneously after the substrate baked being pulverized.
Wherein, described fermentation vat is provided with exhaust treatment system.The harmful gas that will produce during waste and old matrix treatments
Discharge again after being collected and processing, effectively avoid air pollution.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng, comprises the following steps:
A. material prepares: building firewood heap in fermentation vat, pad one layer of dry straw below cone core, cone surrounding seals heap dry straw,
It is covered with waste and old substrate at out-pile and becomes mound.
B. the burning of mound is controlled by controlling the circulation of fermentation vat air: make mound only see white cigarette, the flames of anger, make to give up
Old substrate is sultry in cigarette；Burn 7 days.
C., after burning, close the circulation of fermentation vat air, make mound carry out anaerobic fermentation 20 days；Wherein humidity is 15%, temperature
Degree is 35 DEG C, and pH value is 7.0.
D. in fermentation vat, it is passed through air, and the old substrate after fermentation is sufficiently turned over, breathed freely and dry in the sun；Make plantation
Soil layer recovers to aerobic plantation state from anaerobic state.
E. the aerobic substrate of recovery be there was added organic substance fertilizer and carry out natural fermentation 30 days；Wherein humidity is 25%, and temperature is
45 DEG C, pH value is 8.0.Wherein organic fertilizer is 1:3 with the weight ratio of waste and old substrate；Described organic fertilizer includes, presses
Weight meter, cattle manure 35 parts, chicken manure 25 parts, urine 12 parts, 13 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of cake fertilizer.
F. the substrate in fermentation vat is taken out, the firewood not burnt down in removing heap or substrate.
G. by the screen cloth of 40 mesh, mix homogeneously after the substrate baked being pulverized.
Wherein, described fermentation vat is provided with exhaust treatment system.The harmful gas that will produce during waste and old matrix treatments
Discharge again after being collected and processing, effectively avoid air pollution.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A. material prepares: build firewood heap, covers combustion-supporting Organic substance successively and waste and old substrate forms mound on fire heap；
B. burning: control the mound flames of anger, make waste and old substrate sultry in cigarette, burn 5～7 days；
C. anaerobic fermentation: by the mound after burning, carry out anaerobic fermentation 10～20 days；Humidity is 10～20%, and temperature is 35～40
DEG C, pH value is 6.8～7.5；
D. recover aerobic: the waste and old substrate after anaerobic fermentation is sufficiently turned over, breathes freely and dry in the sun；
E. fermentation: the aerobic substrate of recovery is carried out natural fermentation 15～30 days；Humidity is 15～30%, and temperature is 40～50 DEG C,
PH value is 7.5～8.5；
F. remove impurity: the firewood not burnt down in removing heap or substrate；
G. stir: by the substrate after remove impurity through pulverizing and stirring after the screen filtration of 40 mesh.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described is combustion-supporting organic
Thing is Radix Glycyrrhizae skin or dry straw.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step E is
It is added with organic substance fertilizer to ferment.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described organic fertilizer
It is 1:2～1:4 with the weight ratio of waste and old substrate.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described organic fertilizer
Raw material include, by weight, cattle manure 30～40 parts, chicken manure 20～30 parts, urine 10～15 parts, bean dregs 10～15 parts, cake fertilizer
10～20 parts.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described is organic fertile
Material includes, by weight, and cattle manure 35 parts, chicken manure 25 parts, urine 12 parts, 13 parts of bean dregs, 15 parts of cake fertilizer.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step A～E
Fermentation vat is carried out.
A kind of method recovering the waste and old substrate of Radix Notoginseng the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described fermentation vat sets
There is exhaust treatment system.
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| CN108314557A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-07-24 | 云南白药集团文山七花有限责任公司 | It can carry out the organic fertilizer of notoginseng |
| CN115005046A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-06 | 大理原生农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing matrix soil beneficial to growth of paris polyphylla |
| CN115010531A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing plant growth substrate by using waste edible fungus sticks |
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| CN115010531A (en) * | 2022-01-30 | 2022-09-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing plant growth substrate by using waste edible fungus sticks |
| CN115005046A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-06 | 大理原生农业科技有限公司 | Method for preparing matrix soil beneficial to growth of paris polyphylla |
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Application publication date: 20170111 |