CN102690133A - Method for producing organic fertilizer by using garbage - Google Patents

Method for producing organic fertilizer by using garbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102690133A
CN102690133A CN2012101965296A CN201210196529A CN102690133A CN 102690133 A CN102690133 A CN 102690133A CN 2012101965296 A CN2012101965296 A CN 2012101965296A CN 201210196529 A CN201210196529 A CN 201210196529A CN 102690133 A CN102690133 A CN 102690133A
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earthworm
wormcast
rubbish
described method
fertilizer
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陈和祥
杨晓辉
孙梅梅
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Nanjing Vocational College Of Information Technology
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Nanjing Vocational College Of Information Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing an organic fertilizer by using garbage, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: A. adjusting the garbage to ensure that the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen is 25-30, the water content is 50-60%, the pH value is 6.5-7.5, and the particle size is 2-3 cm; B. carrying out anaerobic fermentation on the product for 50-60 days, air-drying and hardening, and crushing to obtain particles with the particle size of 10-100 um; C. converting the product into wormcast by using earthworms; D. separating earthworm and wormcast. According to the invention, the content of organic matters in the obtained fertilizer reaches 43.25%, the total nutrients (the sum of the mass percentages of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) reaches 6.85%, the germination index of the green vegetable seeds reaches about 73%, and the fertilizer is thoroughly decomposed and stable.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce organic fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce organic fertilizer, belong to the technical field of recycling.
Background technology
Rubbish is the solid waste that produces in human daily life and the production, because output is big, complicated component is various, brings difficulty for processing and utilization, as can not in time handling or deal with improperly, just pollutes the environment, and influences environmental health.In urbanization process, rubbish once was the burden of urban development as the metabolic product in city, and all there was the situation of garbage-surrounded city in many in the world cities.Now, rubbish is considered to " city mineral reserve " tool potentiality to be exploited, never exhausted, is " resource that mislays ".This is to go deep into and in-depth what rubbish was familiar with, also is the inevitable requirement of urban development.
Refuse treatment will be removed rubbish rapidly exactly, and carries out harmless treatment, and reasonable use in addition at last its objective is innoxious, resource utilization and minimizing.The waste disposal method of current widespread use is sanitary landfill, During High-Temperature Composting and burning.Landfill exists floor space big, the problem that addressing is difficult; Burn and then have expensive big problem; Publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN101913962A has been announced and a kind ofly utilized traditional composting process that rubbish is produced the method for biological organic fertilizer, though realized the resource circulation utilization, the gained fertilizer efficiency is limited.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce organic fertilizer, gained fertilizer has good fertilization effect.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method of utilizing rubbish to produce organic fertilizer is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, adjustment rubbish, making its carbon nitrogen mass ratio is 25~30, water cut is 50~60%, the pH value is 6.5~7.5, particle diameter is 2~3cm;
B, with above-mentioned product anaerobically fermenting 50~60 days, air-dry sclerosis, being crushed to particle diameter is 10~100um;
C, utilize earthworm that above-mentioned product is changed into wormcast;
D, earthworm is separated with wormcast.
In order to obtain the better product of performance, preferred, before adjustment rubbish, remove salinity, sugar and oil content in the rubbish earlier, and dry.
For realize easily and fast, purpose efficiently, preferred, water is removed salinity, sugar and the oil content in the rubbish.
Above-mentioned steps A water cut refers to remove the content outside the solid content.
Among the above-mentioned steps B before the anaerobically fermenting, preferred, add consumption and be 10~15% EM fermentation chaff of raw materials quality.Said EM fermentation chaff is a currently available products; Be generally the matrix mixture that photosynthetic bacteria group, lactobacillus, yeast flora, thread flora and Gram positive actinomycetes crowd etc. and rice bran are cultivated; Wherein living bacteria count is no less than 10,000,000,000 CFU/mL; Can remove oxidizing substance effectively and suppress the cause of disease thalline, improve Degradation and Transformation efficient.
In order to remove the fermentation stink, before the anaerobically fermenting, preferred among the above-mentioned steps B, add consumption and be the mixture of one or more any proportionings in 5~10% new fresh orange peel, orange peel or the shaddock skin of raw materials quality.
Rubbish when above-mentioned raw materials refers to not adjust water-content in the steps A.
Can better real estate fertile in order to be beneficial to earthworm, among the above-mentioned steps C, the parametric optimization of material, temperature is that 20~30 ℃, humidity are 60~70%, the pH value is 7.5~8.5.The parameter of rubbish when above-mentioned parameter of materials refers to the earthworm treating refuse.
For better fertilizer efficiency can be arranged, preferred among the above-mentioned steps D, earthworm with after wormcast separates, is dried to wormcast mass content≤30% of water.
Among the above-mentioned steps D, preferred, utilize illumination that earthworm is separated with wormcast.
Above-mentioned earthworm, preferred, flat greatly No. two Eisenia foetidas.
Above-mentioned rubbish is domestic organic garbage, comprises leftovers, leftovers, meat bone, eggshell, pericarp, snacks, drink, fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae etc.
The present invention utilizes the treating refuse of earthworm composting process to make organic fertilizer and both can reduce the harm that health caused of rubbish to environment and people, can realize the recycling of resource again, has important environmental benefit, economic benefit and social benefit.The organic mass content of gained fertilizer up to 43.25%, total nutrient (the quality percentage composition sum of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) is up to 6.85%; This organic fertilizer makes green vegetables seed germination index reach about 73%, and fertilizer has become thoroughly decomposed stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, further illustrate content of the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention not only is confined to following embodiment.
Below in each example used earthworm be big flat No. two Eisenia foetidas (Eisenia foetida), EM fermentation chaff is available from beneficial bio tech ltd increasingly.The organic content of fertilizer and the content measurement of total nutrient are with reference to " the People's Republic of China's agricultural industry criteria ".
Embodiment 1
1, compost class sorting substances such as the leftovers in the rubbish of campus, leftovers, meat bone, eggshell, pericarp, snacks, drink, fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae are come out, the water cleaning and removing is removed part salinity, sugar and oil content.Then, be placed on the airing of sunny place.
2, according to the conventional C/N ratio weighing proportioning raw material of compost class material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of control raw material is 25~30.Take by weighing the rubbish from cooking 300g that forms by leftovers, leftovers, meat bone and eggshell etc.; The domestic refuse 100g that forms by pericarp, snacks, drink etc.; The greening rubbish 50g that forms by fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae etc.Then, raw material is put into mash-back, adjust its initial water content and be 60%, the pH value is 7.5, particle diameter is 2~3cm.
3, thin one deck EM fermentation chaff 50g and the new fresh orange peel 22.5g of executing above the processing raw material in mash-back.Then, raw material, EM fermentation chaff and tangerine peel are transferred mix evenly, compacting excluding air, capping carry out anaerobic degradation.
4, regularly collect every day and remove mash-back bottom percolate,, obtain traditional anaerobically fermenting fertilizer through behind 60 days anaerobic degradations.Take out conventional fertilizers and be placed on the shady and cool ventilation place and carry out air-dryly, after the sclerosis, utilize kibbler to carry out break process by the time, particle diameter is 10~100um.
5, the conventional fertilizers after the air-dry fragmentation is put into the earthworm case, keep temperature be 20~30 ℃, humidity be 60~70% and the pH value be 7.5.Then, insert 10 earthworms about the individual big or small 300mg of being according to every 100g (weight in wet base) conventional fertilizers and handle, and earthworm case mouth is covered, prevent the earthworm escape with the gauze of aperture<0.5mm.
6, through after the earthworm processing in 30 days, the habit of utilizing earthworm to keep in dark place is separated earthworm and is extracted wormcast.Then, wormcast is put into sunny place airing to water cut≤30% after, packed with self-styled plastics, promptly become organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
1, compost class sorting substances such as the leftovers in the rubbish of campus, leftovers, meat bone, eggshell, pericarp, snacks, drink, fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae are come out, the water cleaning and removing is removed part salinity, sugar and oil content.Then, be placed on the airing of sunny place.
2, according to the conventional C/N ratio weighing proportioning raw material of compost class material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of control raw material is 25~30.Take by weighing the rubbish from cooking 300g that forms by leftovers, leftovers, meat bone and eggshell etc.; The domestic refuse 100g that forms by pericarp, snacks, drink etc.; The greening rubbish 50g that forms by fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae etc.Then, raw material is put into mash-back, adjust its initial water content and be 50%, the pH value is 6.5, particle diameter is 2~3cm.
3, thin one deck EM fermentation chaff 67g and the new fresh orange peel 45g of executing above the processing raw material in mash-back.Then, raw material, EM fermentation chaff and tangerine peel are transferred mix evenly, compacting excluding air, capping carry out anaerobic degradation.
4, regularly collect every day and remove mash-back bottom percolate,, obtain traditional anaerobically fermenting fertilizer through behind 60 days anaerobic degradations.Take out conventional fertilizers and be placed on the shady and cool ventilation place and carry out air-dryly, after the sclerosis, utilize kibbler to carry out break process by the time, particle diameter is 10~100um.
5, the conventional fertilizers after the air-dry fragmentation is put into the earthworm case, keep temperature be 20~30 ℃, humidity be 60~70% and the pH value be 8.5.Then, insert 10 earthworms about the individual big or small 300mg of being according to every 100g (weight in wet base) conventional fertilizers and handle, and earthworm case mouth is covered, prevent the earthworm escape with the gauze of aperture<0.5mm.
6, through after the earthworm processing in 30 days, the habit of utilizing earthworm to keep in dark place is separated earthworm and is extracted wormcast.Then, wormcast is put into sunny place airing to water cut≤30% after, packed with self-styled plastics, promptly become organic fertilizer.
Comparative Examples 1
1, compost class sorting substances such as the leftovers in the rubbish of campus, leftovers, meat bone, eggshell, pericarp, snacks, drink, fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae are come out, the water cleaning and removing is removed part salinity, sugar and oil content.Then, be placed on the airing of sunny place.
2, according to the conventional C/N ratio weighing proportioning raw material of compost class material, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of control raw material is 25~30.Take by weighing the rubbish from cooking 300g that forms by leftovers, leftovers, meat bone and eggshell etc.; The domestic refuse 100g that forms by pericarp, snacks, drink etc.; The greening rubbish 50g that forms by fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae etc.Then, raw material is put into mash-back, adjust its initial water content and be 50~60%, the pH value is 6.5~7.5, particle diameter is 2~3cm.
3, thin one deck EM fermentation chaff 50g and the new fresh orange peel 22.5g of executing above the processing raw material in mash-back.Then, raw material, EM fermentation chaff and tangerine peel are transferred mix evenly, compacting excluding air, capping carry out anaerobic degradation.
4, regularly collect every day and remove mash-back bottom percolate,, obtain traditional anaerobically fermenting fertilizer through behind 60 days anaerobic degradations.
Comparative Examples 2
1, directly compost class materials such as the leftovers in the rubbish of campus, leftovers, meat bone, eggshell, pericarp, snacks, drink, fallen leaves, branch, flowers and plants and algae are put into the earthworm case, keep temperature be 20~30 ℃, humidity be 60~70% and the pH value be 7.5~8.5.Then, insert 10 earthworms about the individual big or small 300mg of being according to every 100g (weight in wet base) conventional fertilizers and handle, and earthworm case mouth is covered, prevent the earthworm escape with the gauze of aperture<0.5mm.
2, through after the earthworm processing in 30 days, the habit of utilizing earthworm to keep in dark place is separated earthworm and is extracted wormcast.Then, wormcast is put into sunny place airing to water cut≤30% after, packed with self-styled plastics, promptly become organic fertilizer.
Comparative Examples 3
1, according to the source and the proterties of organic waste raw material, the adjustment carbon-nitrogen ratio is 20~30, and water cut 35~75%, pH value are neutral;
2, high temperature aerobic composting was handled 5~15 days, and guaranteed there are at least 5 days and keep under 55~75 ℃;
3, the waste after earthworm will be fermented changes into wormcast;
4, earthworm is separated with wormcast.
The concrete grammar that organic content is measured: take by weighing above-mentioned each routine gained fertilizer dry sample 0.5g (being accurate to 0.001g); Place the triangular flask of 250mL, accurately add 1mol/L SRM 935a standardized solution 30mL, add vitriol oil 60mL after fully shaking up; Slowly shook 1 minute; Add a little funnel of curved neck, place boiling water insulation 30 minutes, shook once in every separated about 5 minutes.Taking-up is cooled to room temperature, and water washes little funnel, and washing lotion is undertaken in the triangular flask.Take off triangular flask, reactant can't harm change constant volume in the 250mL volumetric flask over to, draw 50mL solution in the 250mL triangular flask; Add the about 100mL of water; Add 2~3 adjacent phenanthroline indicator, with 0.2mol/L ferrous sulfate standard solution titration, during near triangular flask capacity terminal point; Solution becomes sap green by green, dropwise adds people's ferrous sulfate standardized solution again till generation is brick-red.Simultaneously, take by weighing silicon-dioxide 0.2g (being accurate to 0.001g) and replace the fertilizer dry sample,, use same agent, carry out blank assay according to the same analysis step.Then, according to the organic matter degradation rate of formula 1 calculating fertilizer, concrete data are as shown in table 1.
Figure BDA00001765379600051
In the formula 1: c is the volumetric molar concentration of ferrous sulfate standardized solution, the mol/L of unit; V 0Use the volume of ferrous sulfate standard titration solution during for blank test, Unit; When being mensuration, uses V the volume of ferrous sulfate standardized solution, Unit; 3 is the molar mass of 1/4th carbon atoms, the g/mol of unit; 1.5 be the oxidation IC; 1.724 be scaled organic coefficient by organic carbon; M is a sample mass, the g of unit; X 0Water cut for air-dried sample; D is an extension rate: 50/250; 10 -3Be the conversion factor between mL and the L.
The concrete grammar that total nutrient is measured: take by weighing above-mentioned each routine gained fertilizer dry sample 1g (being accurate to 0.01g), place the kjeldahl flask bottom, attach the sample on the bottle wall, add 10mL sulfuric acid and 3mL hydrogen peroxide, carefully shake up, placed 1 hour with the less water flushing.On adjustable electric furnace, slowly be warming up to sulfuric acid and smolder, take off, add 20 hydrogen peroxide and gradation after cold slightly again and disappear and boil, disappear and boil at least 6 times, after the gas that solution evaporation goes out has no irritating odor, continue heating 10 minutes, eliminate remaining hydrogen peroxide.Take off cooling, with the curved little funnel of neck of less water flushing, washing lotion is taken in the former kjeldahl flask.To disappear and boil in the liquid immigration 500mL volumetric flask, add the water constant volume, and leave standstill the clarification back and transfer in the triangular flask with filter paper filtering.Then, utilize the colourimetry of clay fertilizer tacheometer to measure the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the fertilizer.
The concrete measuring method of seed germination exponential: take by weighing above-mentioned each routine gained fertilizer dry sample 10g (being accurate to 0.01g); Place the warm water lixiviate of 60 ℃ of 200mL to use the gauze multiple times of filtration after 5 hours, the filtrating of drawing 10mL is evenly placed 50 green vegetables seeds on filter paper on the petridish that is covered with 3 filter paper; Cultivate after 3 days down for 25 ℃; Measure the green vegetables rate of emergence, simultaneously, make blank with zero(ppm) water and cultivate.Then, calculate the seed germination index according to formula 2, concrete data are as shown in table 1.
Figure BDA00001765379600061
The performance evaluation of above-mentioned each the routine gained fertilizer of table 1
Embodiment Organic % Total nutrient % Seed germination index %
Embodiment 1 43.25 6.85 73
Embodiment 2 43.23 6.78 73
Comparative Examples 1 38.56 4.09 61
Comparative Examples 2 39.21 5.36 68
Comparative Examples 3 40.12 5.89 69
Can find out that by table 1 earthworm decomposition and inversion effectively is organic, accelerates organic becoming thoroughly decomposed, promote the stable of organic matter.In addition, research shows that the earthworm foodstuff can effectively suppress and eliminate the cause of disease thalline through behind the anaerobic degradation, breeds profitable strain rapidly.After earthworm searches for food; Various active enzyme combination in microbial population excretory plurality of enzymes and the earthworm body in the foodstuff; Improved the decomposition and inversion efficient of foodstuff nutrient, promoted earthworm to the digesting and assimilating of nutrient, the output of wormcast (organic fertilizer) improves 48.05%.

Claims (9)

1. a method of utilizing rubbish to produce organic fertilizer is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, adjustment rubbish, making its carbon nitrogen mass ratio is 25~30, water cut is 50~60%, the pH value is 6.5~7.5, particle diameter is 2~3cm;
B, with above-mentioned product anaerobically fermenting 50~60 days, air-dry sclerosis, being crushed to particle diameter is 10~100um;
C, utilize earthworm that above-mentioned product is changed into wormcast;
D, earthworm is separated with wormcast.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that: before adjustment rubbish, remove salinity, sugar and oil content in the rubbish earlier, and dry.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: water is removed salinity, sugar and the oil content in the rubbish.
4. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: before the anaerobically fermenting, adding consumption is the EM fermentation chaff of the 10-15% of raw materials quality among the step B.
5. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: among the step B before the anaerobically fermenting, add consumption and be the mixture of one or more any proportionings in new fresh orange peel, orange peel or the shaddock skin of the 5-10% of raw materials quality.
6. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: among the step C, temperature is that 20~30 ℃, humidity are 60~70%, and the pH value is 7.5~8.5.
7. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: among the step D, earthworm with after wormcast separates, is dried to wormcast mass content≤30% of water.
8. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: among the step D, utilize illumination to separate earthworm and wormcast.
9. like any described method of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: said earthworm is big flat No. two Eisenia foetidas.
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Cited By (13)

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CN103086753A (en) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-08 李春铜 Production method of organic fertilizer simultaneously having carbon fixation and removal and waste recycle functions
CN104226671A (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-24 远东生物科技股份有限公司 Green treatment system and method for biological waste
CN104307848A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-28 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN104446686A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-25 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN104446715A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-25 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN105689356A (en) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-22 魏星 Process for making biomass fuel by mixing municipal domestic garbage with industrial organic garbage
CN105724320A (en) * 2016-02-03 2016-07-06 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 Method for breeding earthworms through cyanobacteria
CN106305197A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-11 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 Method for recovering waste matrix of radix notoginseng
CN106508639A (en) * 2016-09-18 2017-03-22 湖南泰谷生物科技股份有限公司 Plant soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN107897125A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-04-13 吴名根 A kind of method using dealing with earthworm kitchen garbage
CN108975960A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-11 福州大学 A method of organic fertilizer is prepared using kitchen waste material
CN111804726A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-10-23 深圳市中桦农业科研发展有限公司 Soil remediation method, soil remediation organic mixture and processing system thereof
CN112250527A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-22 深圳市腾浪再生资源发展有限公司 Treatment method for kitchen liquid residues and organic liquid fertilizer prepared by treatment method

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CN103086753A (en) * 2013-02-05 2013-05-08 李春铜 Production method of organic fertilizer simultaneously having carbon fixation and removal and waste recycle functions
CN104226671A (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-24 远东生物科技股份有限公司 Green treatment system and method for biological waste
CN104307848A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-01-28 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN104446686A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-25 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN104446715A (en) * 2014-09-29 2015-03-25 吴长江 Kitchen waste treatment method
CN105689356A (en) * 2014-11-27 2016-06-22 魏星 Process for making biomass fuel by mixing municipal domestic garbage with industrial organic garbage
CN105724320A (en) * 2016-02-03 2016-07-06 安徽乙地生态科技有限公司 Method for breeding earthworms through cyanobacteria
CN106305197A (en) * 2016-08-12 2017-01-11 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 Method for recovering waste matrix of radix notoginseng
CN106508639A (en) * 2016-09-18 2017-03-22 湖南泰谷生物科技股份有限公司 Plant soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof
CN107897125A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-04-13 吴名根 A kind of method using dealing with earthworm kitchen garbage
CN108975960A (en) * 2018-08-17 2018-12-11 福州大学 A method of organic fertilizer is prepared using kitchen waste material
CN111804726A (en) * 2020-06-29 2020-10-23 深圳市中桦农业科研发展有限公司 Soil remediation method, soil remediation organic mixture and processing system thereof
CN111804726B (en) * 2020-06-29 2021-06-04 深圳市中桦农业科研发展有限公司 Soil remediation method, soil remediation organic mixture and processing system thereof
CN112250527A (en) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-22 深圳市腾浪再生资源发展有限公司 Treatment method for kitchen liquid residues and organic liquid fertilizer prepared by treatment method

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Application publication date: 20120926