CN1133361C - Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology - Google Patents
Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN1133361C CN1133361C CNB011280913A CN01128091A CN1133361C CN 1133361 C CN1133361 C CN 1133361C CN B011280913 A CNB011280913 A CN B011280913A CN 01128091 A CN01128091 A CN 01128091A CN 1133361 C CN1133361 C CN 1133361C
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for cultivating ginseng on crop fields and old ginseng fields (where the ginseng has been planted), and crop rotation technology. The scheme of the present invention comprises the steps that ginseng bed soil which is tilled and manured is sterilized with methyl bromide in the amount of 40 to 70 g/each square meter, soil is improved by biologic bacterial manure after leisure, and when the ginseng is planted, the compound microorganism bacterium agent of the biological nitrogen fixation fertilizer with high efficiency is needed. The present invention solves a key problem that the ginseng can not be planted on the crop fields and the old ginseng fields, and the present invention has obvious effect on raising ginseng yields and increasing the amount of multi-stem ginseng.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the technology of a kind of plantation genseng (comprising American Ginseng).Specifically be that ground, farmland, old ginseng (planting the ginseng ground of genseng) be ginseng cultivating method continuously.
[background technology]
Large tracts of land artificial planting genseng is universal in the mountain area, and nearly 50 years history is arranged.Its plantation process is divided into substantially: cut down trees and put in order ground (making the ginseng bed), soil disinfection, execute farmyard manure, plant seedling or sowing, daily management is to gathering in the crops.Planting ginseng exists the problem of following aspect at present:
1, genseng is the same with other crop avoids continuous cropping, after planting one batch of genseng, soil several years or decades basic in planting ginseng again, otherwise the genseng fibrous root of plantation comes off in a large number because the pathomycete (as: root-rot bacterium, rust rotten bacterium etc.) that stockpiles in the soil and other adverse factor will make, mashed root, burn and must and infect other disease, makes the genseng underproduction or total crop failure.
2, can not continuous cropping because of ginseng ground, can only join also woods of back with ginseng ground later, must large-arealy ruin virgin forest and turn up the soil so will develop the genseng industry, therefore cause the mountain forest coverage rate to reduce year by year, the water and soil loss phenomenon is serious etc., and problem occurs.
3, the soil disinfection in the present culture of ginseng method is to make the bed back to the soil application hexachlorcyclohexane wholely, PCNB (pcnb), DDT wait public hazards such as killing mole cricket in the soil, worm, ant, worm's ovum, mouse, and then apply the growth of fertilizer promotion genseng.Exist ubiquity trace organic phosphor, organo-chlorine pesticide residual component and other harmful element in the genseng of results back like this, influence the genseng quality.
Factor affecting such as 4, farmland ground is also because of soil structure, and the pathogenic bacteria accumulation is big cause normally planting ginseng.
When 5, gathering in the crops, there are very a spot of many stem ginsengs to occur by present method plantation genseng.A many stem ginsengs i.e. genseng have two or more ginseng buds, many stem ginsengs are because leaf area increases, the photosynthesis of genseng is abundant like this, so the genseng body is big, the general ginseng of weight ratio is big, quality is good, and it is many to set seeds, so, the price of many stem ginsengs is than high several times or tens times of general ginseng price, and people wish to have more many stem ginsengs, the hope of high yield is arranged, overcharging in the culture of ginseng process.
Because the situation of existing land resources, the development of genseng industry is restricted, so can not the continuous cropping problem to genseng; Can not plant the genseng problem to the farmland; Problems such as continuous forever cultivation of old ginseng and raising output are subject matter anxious to be solved in the present genseng development.
To old ginseng crop rotation genseng technology, farmland land soil cultivated ginseng technology has obtained parties concerned's attention and has begun one's study at present, but up to the present, practicable method and information are not appeared in the newspapers as yet.
[summary of the invention]
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new planting ginseng.By to the soil disinfection sterilization of old ginseng, farmland ground, cultivate improvement and make it can plant genseng again and improve with area genseng output and many stems ginseng output.Solve the continuous forever main points of cultivation of old ginseng emphatically.It promptly is old ginseng, ground, farmland ginseng cultivating method continuously.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is: site preparation and fertilization (not executing soil insecticides such as hexachlorcyclohexane, DDT, PCNB) back ginseng bed soil is carried out sterilization processing, a ginseng bed canopy is tight with the ginseng membrane closure, when soil layer in the canopy in depths temperature more than 30 centimetres more than 8 ℃ the time, (Brom-O-Gas also is methyl bromide to discharging general efficient germicide Brom-O-Gas gas in the canopy, be mainly used in the fumigant of port quarantine at present, Brom-O-Gas is pure, water white liquid gas, very easily gasification.Can 681g/ in container listens, and becomes heavier-than-air Brom-O-Gas gas at the air evaporation more than 3.5 ℃), the enforcement consumption amasss every square metre with Brom-O-Gas 40～70 grams for the ginseng bed surface, fumigates 3～5 days.Its objective is and utilize Brom-O-Gas gas soil layer penetration very powerful feature, all pathomycetes and worm's ovum etc. in the soil in 30 centimetres of degree of depth are all killed, can be in implementing consumption 40～70 gram scopes according to last one year of genseng growth, disease situation and ginseng bed soil property situation decision consumption, if soil property is good, previous year genseng production status is got low value well.Soil property is poor, and previous year disease situation is seriously got peak; Take off film after stifling and dig and 1～2 time disinfectant is fully volatilized, carry out soil melioration after the soil disinfection leisure through several days or tens days.The method of soil melioration is applied in the soil for the soil melioration microbial inoculum by every square metre 4.5～7.5 gram of ginseng bed, dig and water after stirring, allow soil enter the improvement leisure, the improvement time out is 1～2 month, purpose is to allow the improvement bacterium breeds in a large number in the soil, recover the normal microbe colony in the soil, adjust the nutrient that is suitable for the genseng growth and change soil structure.The soil melioration microbial inoculum contains potassium solubilizing bacteria, two kinds of bio-bacterial manures in ratio mixing in 1: 1 of phosphate solubilizing bacteria for (being applied in the bio-bacterial manure product that cultivation fruit tree and field crop are used).Implementation condition temperature, humidity etc. when using press the description of product and are carried out, and improve that number of viable should be not less than 200,000,000 by standard in the every gram of microbial inoculum.Just can planting ginseng through the ginseng bed arrangement back after the improvement leisure.Plantation divides plants seedling or broadcasts seed, also need use the fertile complex micro organism fungicide of general high-performance bio fixed nitrogen during plantation, promptly be that (being applied in the bio-bacterial manure product that cultivation fruit tree and field crop are used) contains the bio-bacterial manure that azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively account for the mixing of 1/3 ratio.Planting seedling, to implement consumption be every square metre 5～6 gram, and broadcasting the seed consumption is every square metre 4～5 gram, and concrete grammar is bio-bacterial manure to be mixed adopt that in mud the root method of being stained with, seed dressing method, pouring method, bar are excuted a law etc.Implementation condition soil temperature, humidity when using are carried out by the description of product.Number of viable should be not less than 200,000,000 by standard in the every gram of bio-bacterial manure, the effect of bio-bacterial manure is the nitrogen element to be adsorbed on the genseng root make ginseng have nitrogen fixation to satisfy the demand of genseng to nitrogen, utilize invalid phosphorus and invalid potassium in phosphobacteria in the fertilizer and the potassium bacterial decomposition soil simultaneously, the metabolite of multiple microorganisms in addition, for genseng provides abundant, comprehensive nutrient.And bio-bacterial manure can be cultivated the effect of many stem ginsengs in addition.Improve the output capacity of many stem ginsengs.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, not only solves cultivated ginseng and woods and strive ground, cause mountain forest to reduce, the problem of severe water and soil erosion, simultaneously, because genseng can carry out crop rotation in the fixed location, therefore can more effectively utilize water conservancy and farmland technology to carry out mechanized farming and management genseng, take leave of the history of culture of ginseng nomadic.
So 2, this method employing Brom-O-Gas kills effectively in the genseng that harmful fungoid, worm's ovum etc. have been avoided using hexachlorcyclohexane, DDT, PCNB etc. to gather in the crops in a large number in the soil and does not contain agricultural residual element in the past, improved genseng quality (Brom-O-Gas highly volatile, do not remain in soil and the genseng, genseng is not had influence).
3, planting when ginseng, therefore also can save 30～40% for the employed fertilizer of cultivated ginseng owing to used complex micro organism fungicide.
4, show according to battery of tests ground result, the ginseng of stem more than 7 is arranged in per 50 gensengs when gathering in the crops by the commonsense method cultivated ginseng, and per 50 gensengs have the ginseng of stem more than 25 when using method cultivated ginseng of the present invention results, genseng output has improved 20%, remarkable benefit is so bio-bacterial manure has the remarkable result that improves genseng output and ginseng amount with multi-stem to soil application.
[embodiment]
Exemplify example below and further specify implementation method of the present invention: spring, the ginseng bed soil after to whole ground, fertilising (no pesticide grown) carried out sterilization treatment, make 40 centimetres of high sheds on the ginseng bed, tight with the ginseng membrane closure, when 30 centimetres of above temperature of the degree of depth of soil layer in the canopy reach more than 8 ℃, to discharging general efficient germicide Brom-O-Gas gas in the canopy, because of soil quality general last year of genseng upgrowth situation still can, the bactericide injected volume adopts that 50 grams (liquid state) are stifling to be taken off film after 5 days and dig, and at this moment harmful fungoid, worm's ovum etc. all kill in the soil.Carry out soil melioration through using the soil melioration microbial inoculum after two months the leisure, executing the soil melioration microbial inoculum by every square metre 6 gram digs and stirs, shakeout water after again the leisure, the soil melioration microbial inoculum is for containing potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively accounts for 1/2 bio-bacterial manure that mixes, soil melioration leisure through two months, normal microorganism is bred in a large number, just begin plantation in autumn (also can planting next spring), plant seedling or broadcast seed and all need use and contain azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively accounts for the bio-bacterial manure (buying the product that has mixed) that 1/3 ratio is mixed, planting seedling enforcement amount is every square metre 5 gram, bacterial manure admixed in the mud to adopt be stained with the cultivation of root method, plantation back normal management is to results.
Claims (4)
1, ground, a kind of farmland, the continuous ginseng cultivating method of old ginseng, it is characterized in that following these steps to content realizes: when 30 centimetres of above temperature of the degree of depth of soil layer behind the whole ground more than 8 ℃ the time, discharge Brom-O-Gas gas in the tight ginseng bed to covering with the ginseng film, carried out soil sterilization in stifling 3～5 days, consumption is used by every square metre 40～70 liquid Brom-O-Gas of gram of ginseng bed; Soil sterilization leisure back stirs with soil by the soil melioration microbial inoculum of every square metre 4.5～7.5 gram and carries out soil melioration, and the soil melioration microbial inoculum is the bio-bacterial manure that contains potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria mixing; Improving the soil needs can plant behind 1～2 month soil melioration time out; Plant seedling or broadcast seed and all need use the biological nitrogen fixation fertile complex micro organism fungicide, planting the seedling consumption is every square metre 5～6 gram, broadcasting the seed consumption is every square metre 4～5 gram, the biological nitrogen fixation fertile complex micro organism fungicide is the bio-bacterial manure that contains azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and method of application can be to be stained with root method, seed dressing method, pouring method, bar to excute a law.
2, ground, farmland according to claim 1, the continuous ginseng cultivating method of old ginseng is characterized in that described Brom-O-Gas consumption is every square metre 50～60 gram.
3, ground, farmland according to claim 1, the continuous ginseng cultivating method of old ginseng is characterized in that described soil melioration microbial inoculum for containing the bio-bacterial manure that potassium solubilizing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria mix by 1: 1 part by weight, and consumption is every square metre 5～6 and restrains.
4, ground, farmland according to claim 1, the continuous ginseng cultivating method of old ginseng is characterized in that described biological nitrogen fixation fertile complex micro organism fungicide is to contain azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively to account for the bio-bacterial manure that 1/3 part by weight mixes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011280913A CN1133361C (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011280913A CN1133361C (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1364405A CN1364405A (en) | 2002-08-21 |
| CN1133361C true CN1133361C (en) | 2004-01-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB011280913A Expired - Fee Related CN1133361C (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2001-08-23 | Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101933452A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2011-01-05 | 青岛枫彩农业科技有限公司 | Method for sterilizing soil matrix used for nursery stock |
| CN102138427B (en) * | 2011-04-02 | 2012-01-25 | 吉林省集安益盛药业股份有限公司 | Standard planting method of non-forest ginseng |
| CN102550256B (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 吉林省集安益盛药业股份有限公司 | Soil management method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of ginseng planted in non-forest land |
| CN102523879A (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-07-04 | 吉林省集安益盛药业股份有限公司 | Method for improving soil for nonforest land planting of Panax ginseng by green fallowing |
| CN103271095B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-01-21 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Composite microbial agent for preventing and treating fruit tree replant disease and disease prevention method thereof |
| CN103404343B (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-03-18 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Processing method for shortening rotation cycle of panaxnotoginseng |
| CN106818174B (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-09-20 | 上海百泉生物技术有限公司 | A kind of wheat and Chinese milk vetch mixed seeding make altogether and the organic implantation methods of crops with the two crops a year of rice crop rotation |
| CN107637209A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-01-30 | 贵州省黔康生态科技农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of effective modification method of radix pseudostellariae planting site soil |
| CN112889609A (en) * | 2021-01-13 | 2021-06-04 | 长春中医药大学 | Method for relieving ginseng continuous cropping obstacle |
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2001
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