CN1364405A

CN1364405A - Ginseng cultivating method in crop field and old ginseng field and crop rotation technology

Info

Publication number: CN1364405A
Application number: CN 01128091
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曹志强
Original assignee: JILIN GINSENG RESEARCH INST
Current assignee: JILIN GINSENG RESEARCH INST
Priority date: 2001-08-23
Filing date: 2001-08-23
Publication date: 2002-08-21
Anticipated expiration: 2021-08-23
Also published as: CN1133361C

Abstract

The scheme of the present invention includes the steps of: disinfecting treatment of the tilled and fertilizer applied ginseng bed soil with methyl bromide in the amount of 40-70 g each square meter; soil is comproved after fallow with biological bacterial fertilizer; and applying high biological nitrogen fixing fertilizer and microbial bacterial agent during cultivation. The present invention solves the key difficult problem in cultivating ginseng in crop field and old ginseng field and has obvious effect of raising ginseng yield and increasing the amount of multi-stem ginseng.

Description

Ground, a kind of farmland, old ginseng ginseng cultivating method and crop rotation technology

The present invention relates to the technology of a kind of plantation genseng (comprising American Ginseng), specifically is ground, farmland, old ginseng (planting the ginseng ground of genseng) ginseng cultivating method and crop rotation technology.

Large tracts of land artificial planting genseng has been popularized nearly 50 years history in the mountain area, the plantation process is divided into substantially: cut down trees and put in order ground (making the ginseng bed), soil disinfection, execute farmyard manure, plant seedling or sowing, daily management is to gathering in the crops.Planting ginseng exists following side and problem at present:

1, genseng is the same with other crop avoids continuous cropping, planted one batch of ground earth behind the genseng in several years or can not plant same kind basically decades, otherwise the genseng fibrous root of plantation comes off in a large number because the pathomycete (as: root-rot bacterium, rust rotten bacterium etc.) that stockpiles in the soil and other adverse factor will make, mashed root, burn and must and infect other disease, makes the genseng underproduction or total crop failure.

2, can not heavily plant because of ginseng ground, can only join also woods of back, must large-arealy ruin virgin forest and turn up the soil, cause the mountain forest coverage rate to reduce, problem such as the water and soil loss phenomenon is serious so will develop the genseng industry with ginseng ground later.

3, the soil disinfection of culture of ginseng method now is to make the bed back to the soil application hexachlorcyclohexane wholely, PCNB (the pentachloro-nitro is stupid), DDT kill in the soil mole cricket cluck, public hazards such as worm, ant, worm's ovum, mouse, apply fertilizer again and promote genseng to increase, exist results like this and afterwards exist micro-organic phosphor, the residual composition of organo-chlorine pesticide and other harmful element to influence the genseng quality in the genseng.

4, ground, farmland is also because of soil structure, and factor affecting such as pathogenic bacteria cause normally planting ginseng.

When 5, gathering in the crops, there are very a spot of many stem ginsengs to occur by present method plantation genseng.A many stem ginsengs i.e. genseng have two or more ginseng buds, because leaf area increases, the light of genseng and effect are fully like this, so the genseng body is big, the common ginseng of weight ratio is big, quality is good and set seeds many, so the price of many stem ginsengs is than high several times to tens times of common ginseng price, people have the hope of voluminous high yield to many stem ginsengs.

Because existing soil, resource situation, industry development is restricted to genseng, thus can not the continuous cropping problem to genseng, can not plant the genseng problem to the farmland, solving the continuous forever cultivation of old ginseng and improving production problems is problem suddenly to be solved at present.

At present to old ginseng crop rotation genseng technology, farmland land soil cultivated ginseng technology has obtained that the parties concerned heavily know and the test that begins one's study, and up to the present practicable method and information are not appeared in the newspapers as yet.

The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of new planting ginseng, also improve with area genseng output and many stems ginseng output by old ginseng, the soil disinfection sterilization of ground, farmland, cultivation improvement being made it can plant genseng again, solving the continuous forever main points of cultivation of old ginseng emphatically, promptly is in old ginseng, farmland ground ginseng cultivating method and crop rotation technology.

For realizing order of the present invention ground, technical scheme of the present invention is: site preparation and fertilization (not executing soil insecticides such as 666DDT PCNB) back ginseng bed soil is carried out sterilization treatment, a ginseng bed grid are tight with the ginseng membrane closure, when soil layer in the canopy in depths temperature more than 30 centimetres more than 8 ℃ the time, (Brom-O-Gas is also received methyl bromide, will be used for the fumigation disinfectant of port quarantine at present to discharging general efficient germicide Brom-O-Gas gas in the canopy, Brom-O-Gas is pure, water white liquid gas, very easily gasification.Can is in 681/ tin in container, become heavier-than-air Brom-O-Gas gas at the air evaporation more than 3.5 ℃), the enforcement amount for the ginseng bed surface long-pending every square metre with liquid Brom-O-Gas 40～70 grams, fumigation 3～5 days, its objective is and utilize Brom-O-Gas gas soil layer penetration very powerful feature, all pathomycetes and worm's ovum etc. in 30 centimetres of dark soil are all killed, can be in implementing consumption 40～70 gram scopes according to last one year of genseng growth, disease situation and ginseng bed soil property situation decision consumption, if soil property is good, the previous year situation is got low value well, and soil property difference previous year disease situation refetches high value; Taking off film behind the fumigation digs disinfectant fully to be volatilized go up earth after the soil disinfection leisure through several days or tens days and improves, the method of soil melioration imposes in the soil for the soil melioration microbial inoculum by every square metre 45～75 gram of ginseng bed, digging waters after stirring all goes into the improvement leisure when allowing soil, the improvement time out is 1～2 month, order ground is to allow the improvement bacterium breeds in a large number in the soil, recover normal microbe colony in the soil, adjustment is suitable for the nutrient of genseng growth and changes soil structure, the soil melioration microbial inoculum contains potassium solubilizing bacteria for (being applied in the bio-bacterial manure product that cultivation fruit tree and field crop are used), two kinds of bio-bacterial manures of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in ratio mixing in 1: 1, implementation condition temperature when using, humidity etc. are pressed the description of product and are carried out, and number of viable should be not less than 200,000,000 by standard in the every gram of improvement microbial inoculum; Just can planting ginseng through the arrangement of the ginseng bed after improvement leisure back, plantation divides plants seedling or broadcasts seed, all need use the fertile complex micro organism fungicide of general high-performance bio fixed nitrogen, promptly be that (being applied in the bio-bacterial manure product that cultivation fruit tree and field crop are used) contains the bio-bacterial manure that azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively account for the mixing of 1/3 ratio, planting seedling enforcement consumption is every square metre 5～6 gram, broadcast the seed consumption and be every square metre 4～5 gram, concrete grammar is mixed bio-bacterial manure and is adopted that in the mud oar sticking root method, seed dressing method, pouring method, bar are excuted a law etc.Implementation condition soil temperature, humidity when using are carried out by the description of product, number of viable should be not less than 200,000,000 by standard in the every gram of bio-bacterial manure, the effect of bio-bacterial manure is the nitrogen element to be adsorbed on the genseng root make it have nitrogen fixation to satisfy genseng to the nitrogen demand, utilize invalid phosphorus and invalid potassium in phosphobacteria in the fertilizer and the potassium bacterial decomposition soil simultaneously, the metabolite of multiple microorganisms in addition, for genseng provides abundant, comprehensive nutrient.And bio-bacterial manure can be cultivated the effect of many stem ginsengs in addition.Improve the output capacity of many stem ginsengs.

The invention has the advantages that:

1, not only solve cultivated ginseng and woods and strive ground, cause by woods and reduce, the problem of severe water and soil erosion simultaneously because genseng can carry out crop rotation in the fixed location, therefore can more effectively utilize water conservancy and farmland technology to carry out mechanized farming and management genseng.Take leave of the history of culture of ginseng nomadic.

So 2, this method adopts Brom-O-Gas to kill effectively in the genseng that harmful fungoid, worm's ovum etc. have avoided a large amount of in the past hexachlorcyclohexane that use, DDT, PCNB etc. to obtain in the soil not contain agricultural residual element, improved genseng quality (Brom-O-Gas highly volatile, do not remain in the soil genseng is not had influence).

3, the time used compoundly planting ginseng, therefore can save 30～40% for the employed fertilizer of cultivated ginseng to bacteria agent.

4, show according to battery of tests ground result, the ginseng of stem more than 7 is arranged in per 50 gensengs when gathering in the crops by the commonsense method cultivated ginseng, and in per 50 gensengs the ginseng of stem more than 25 is arranged during with method cultivated ginseng of the present invention results, genseng output has improved 20%, remarkable benefit is so bio-bacterial manure has the remarkable result that improves genseng output and ginseng amount with multi-stem to soil application.

Exemplify example below and further specify implementation method of the present invention: spring is to whole ground, ginseng bed soil after the fertilising (no pesticide grown) carries out sterilization treatment, the ginseng bed makes 40 centimetres of high sheds, tight with the ginseng membrane closure, when 30 centimetres of above temperature of the degree of depth of soil layer in the canopy reach more than 8 ℃, to discharging general efficient germicide Brom-O-Gas gas in the canopy, because of soil quality general last year of genseng upgrowth situation still can, the bactericide injected volume adopts 50 gram (liquid state) fumigations to take off film after 5 days and digs, at this moment harmful fungoid in the soil, kill during worm's ovum etc. are complete, carry out soil melioration through using the soil melioration microbial inoculum after two months the leisure, executing the soil melioration microbial inoculum by every square metre 6 gram digs and stirs, shakeout the back leisure of watering, the soil melioration microbial inoculum is for containing potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively accounts for 1/2 bio-bacterial manure that mixes, soil melioration leisure through two months, normal microbial bacteria is bred in a large number, just begin plantation in autumn (also can planting next spring), plant seedling or broadcast seed and all need use and contain azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively accounts for the bio-bacterial manure (buying the product that has mixed) that 1/3 ratio is mixed, planting seedling enforcement amount is every square metre 5 gram, bacterial manure admixed adopt in the mud oar and sticking root method cultivation, plantation back normal management is to results.

Claims

1, ground, a kind of farmland, old ginseng ginseng cultivating method and crop rotation technology, it is characterized in that following these steps to content realizes: when 30 centimetres of above temperature of the degree of depth of soil layer behind the whole ground more than 8 ℃ the time, release Brom-O-Gas gas fumigation carried out soil sterilization in 3～5 days in the close ginseng bed to covering completely with ginseng film shoe, and consumption is used by every square metre 40～70 liquid Brom-O-Gas of gram of ginseng bed; Soil sterilization leisure back stirs with soil by the soil melioration microbial inoculum of every square metre 4.5～7.5 gram and carries out soil melioration, and the soil melioration microbial inoculum is the bio-bacterial manure that contains potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria mixing; Improving the soil needs can plant behind 1～2 month soil melioration time out; Plant seedling or broadcast seed and all need use the fertile complex micro organism fungicide of high-performance bio fixed nitrogen, planting the seedling consumption is every square metre 5～6 gram, broadcasting the seed consumption is every square metre 4～5 gram, the fertile complex micro organism fungicide of high-performance bio fixed nitrogen is the bio-bacterial manure that contains azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and method of application can be that sticking root method, seed dressing method, pouring method, bar are excuted a law.

2, method according to claim 1 and wheel technology, its special giving birth to is that described Brom-O-Gas consumption is every square metre 50～60 gram.

3, method according to claim 1 and crop rotation technology is characterized in that described soil melioration microbial inoculum for containing the bio-bacterial manure that potassium solubilizing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria mix in 1: 1 ratio, and consumption is every square metre 5～6 and restrains.

4, method according to claim 1 and crop rotation technology is characterized in that the fertile complex micro organism fungicide of described high-performance bio fixed nitrogen is to contain azotobacter, potassium solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively to account for the bio-bacterial manure that 1/3 ratio is mixed.