CN105284328A - Seedling breeding method of dangshen mulching film suitably used in arid mountainous area - Google Patents
Seedling breeding method of dangshen mulching film suitably used in arid mountainous area Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284328A CN105284328A CN201410372124.2A CN201410372124A CN105284328A CN 105284328 A CN105284328 A CN 105284328A CN 201410372124 A CN201410372124 A CN 201410372124A CN 105284328 A CN105284328 A CN 105284328A
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- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005916 Methomyl Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N methomyl Chemical compound CNC(=O)O\N=C(/C)SC UHXUZOCRWCRNSJ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling breeding method of a dangshen mulching film suitably used an arid mountainous area. The seedling breeding method comprises following steps of: preparing soil, applying fertilizers and using pesticides; finishing seedbeds; uniformly sowing; covering with a plastic film; performing field management; and lifting seedlings and harvesting. The seedling breeding method of the dangshen mulching film suitably used in the arid mountainous area has following beneficial effects: by integrating anti-drought measures such as temperature increase and soil moisture conservation, moisture perseveration and increase, rain collection, seepage storage and runoff interception with pest control, single fertilization is adopted for control over underground insects and soil-borne diseases; the manner of firstly finishing seedbeds, sowing and then covering with the plastic film is adopted and the plastic film mulching is utilized for replacing straw mulching of conventional crops so that the problem that film-mulching cultivation technique can be not applied to seedlings growing of dangshen in the arid mountainous area is solved; per unit yield of seedlings growing of dangshen in the arid mountainous area is significantly increased; the seedling breeding method of the dangshen mulching film suitable in the arid mountainous area is especially suitable for seedlings growing in dry land of arid and semiarid rain fed agricultural regions; the seedling breeding method is anti-drought, low in cost and investment, high in output, easy in application, convenient in promotion and popularization and capable of preserving complete seedlings and cultivating robust seedlings and is easy and practicable and helps to save labor; and a great application prospect and economic benefits are obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medicinal material crop seedling method, be specifically related to a kind of Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of applicable Drought Mountain Area.
Background technology
At present, Producing medicinal herbs, develop obtain country, province, city great attention and support energetically, risen to agriculture characteristic pillar industry, become the source of finance that hill farmer is main.Traditional seedling-cultivating method of medicinal herb grower is fertilising, pesticide grown, turn over, harrow that a kind of farm tools is leveled land, scattered seeds, shallow turned seedling bed, the suppression of rake a kind of farm tools, cover crop stalk, not only farm work level is many, time-consuming takes a lot of work for this seedling-cultivating method, and crops straw consumption is large, every 667 ㎡ need the crops straw of 300-350kg, artificial covering uneven distribution is even, cause emerge uneven, stalk is also with a large amount of pathogenic bacteria and certain weed seed, increase field management workload and labour intensity, investment be large, Meteorological effect and to save the effect of seedling from damage little.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the technical problem existed in prior art, providing a kind of mulching film planting, the extermination of disease and insect pest and collection rain Technology of Drought-resistant are combined together, the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of small investment, labour intensity are little, breeding efficiency is high applicable Drought Mountain Area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of applicable Drought Mountain Area, comprises the following steps:
A, site preparation and fertilization medication: select the soil block that physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields fully become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, diammonium phosphate 30-50kg in small, broken bits, urea 8-12kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6kg, spread fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide control soil insect, remove the residue such as stalk, stone, plastic sheeting for farm use in soil, deep ploughing soil deeptillage, tilth 30cm-35cm, ploughs under in plow layer by fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, the leveling of rake a kind of farm tools;
B, seedbed arranges: in region, Shang Hua seedbed, monoblock soil, seedbed width is 120cm, be that press mold is capable between adjacent seedbed, its width is 15cm, forming bottom width on both sides, seedbed is 7-9cm, height is the micro-ridge of 9-11cm, make real micro-ridge both sides, in seedbed, every square metre is spread fertilizer over the fields the hybrid particles 5-7g of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin, then rake the soil level one time with small-sized rotary tiller band rotary blade, in seedbed, playing bottom width at interval of 55-65cm place is again 9-11cm, height is 9-11cm, upper wide be the micro-ridge of 4-6cm, seedbed is made to become the fritter of multiple checker-wise shape, flatten the soil in every block checker-wise shape fritter,
C, evenly sowing: select free from admixture, full seed, without the Radix Codonopsis seed gone mouldy, uniform broadcasting Radix Codonopsis seed 15-18g/ ㎡ in seedbed, after planting stir seedbed gently, stir the degree of depth and be not more than 1cm, clap pressure seedbed subsequently, seed is buried to be combined closely with soil, in seedbed, spray 25% the third bromine Methomyl 1500 times of liquid 28-32kg ∕ mus simultaneously;
D, covering with plastic film: overlay film on seedbed, mulch film both sides are pressed in press mold capable in, compress compacting, make the space keeping 8-10cm between mulch film and seedbed after overlay film, the face of each checker-wise shape fritter is beaten 2-3 receiving precipitation water seepage hole;
E, field management: observe mulch film after rainfall in time and whether compress compacting, and check water seepage hole infiltration situation, guarantee that precipitation all infiltrates in film; When height of seedling 5-7cm is about to contact mulch film, start to get through air holes on mulch film, from less to more, within one week, inner vent reaches the 78-82% of ground membrane area, after making Radix Codonopsis seedling under film adapt to open country growth conditions gradually, select the cloudy day or throw off mulch film at dusk, growing under being allowed to condition at open country condition; Manually pull out when weeds in field is less, Radix Codonopsis herbicides special when weed density is larger, can be used to carry out weeding;
F, lifting are gathered in the crops: after Frost's Descent solar term, on the ground cauline leaf withered after freeze-up to soil before or the coming year soil thaw after lifting results, must full stand be played during lifting, young plant length classification by size, reject damage seedling and sick worm harm seedling is sold or supplies cultivation seedling.
Further, when spreading fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide in described steps A, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1kg, 95% trichlorphon original powder 2kg, 15kg dregs of fat and 3kg water stir after mixture and the mixing particle agent 4kg of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin.
Further, the transparent mulch film of wide 150cm, thick 0.008-0.010mm is selected in described step D.
Hinge structure of the present invention has following beneficial effect: this method is by Meteorological effect, put forward moisture in the soil and increase moisture in the soil, collection rain stores and oozes, runoff interception drought-relief measure and the extermination of disease and insect pest combine together, adopt single fertilization, soil insect, soil-borne disease is prevented and treated, the mode of first preparing seedbed after planting overlay film again, plastic mulching is utilized to substitute traditional crop improving straw mulching, seedbed is organized into checker-wise shape, seedbed increases many trapezoidal micro-ridges, the effective receiving realizing natural precipitation while increasing seeding in nursery bed area is oozed with storing, solve the problem that the nursery of Drought Mountain Area Radix Codonopsis can not apply film-mulching technique, significantly improve Drought Mountain Area Radix Codonopsis nursery per unit area yield, especially arid is suitable for, the pilose asiabell roots in dry field nursery of semi-arid rain agricultural region.The present invention to put in place and mulch film sealing process due to the extermination of disease and insect pest in early stage, and damage by disease and insect occurs comparatively light, and the healthy and strong resistance of growth of seedling strengthens, and the general later stage does not need to carry out chemical control.Drought resisting of the present invention, save from damage seedling, training strong sprout, low cost, low input, high production, simple and practical, be easy to grasp, save labour, be convenient to popularize, there is good application prospect and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment adopts the Radix Codonopsis kind of Dangchang, Gansu Province informal voucher party, and experimental field soil types is the brown brown earth that loess parent material develops into, local height above sea level 2300m, and between year precipitation 450 ㎜-550 ㎜, preceding crop is potato.Radix Codonopsis plastic film and traditional crop improving straw mulching nursery two kinds of seedling raising mannerses of arranging applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention during test compare, often kind of seedling raising manners area 0.5 mu.
The Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
A, site preparation and fertilization medication: select that physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is higher soil block, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields fully become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, diammonium phosphate 30-50kg in small, broken bits, urea 8-12kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6kg; Spread fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide control soil insect, when spreading fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1kg, 95% trichlorphon original powder 2kg, 15kg dregs of fat and 3kg water stir after mixture and the mixing particle agent 4kg of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin; Remove the residue such as stalk, stone, plastic sheeting for farm use in soil, deep ploughing soil deeptillage, tilth 30cm-35cm, ploughs under in plow layer by fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, the leveling of rake a kind of farm tools.
B, seedbed arranges: in region, Shang Hua seedbed, monoblock soil, seedbed width is 120cm, be that press mold is capable between adjacent seedbed, its width is 15cm, forming bottom width on both sides, seedbed is 7-9cm, height is the micro-ridge of 9-11cm, make real micro-ridge both sides, in seedbed, every square metre is spread fertilizer over the fields the hybrid particles 5-7g of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin, then rake the soil level one time with small-sized rotary tiller band rotary blade, in seedbed, playing bottom width at interval of 55-65cm place is again 9-11cm, height is 9-11cm, upper wide be the micro-ridge of 4-6cm, seedbed is made to become the fritter of multiple checker-wise shape, flatten the soil in every block checker-wise shape fritter.
C, evenly sowing: select free from admixture, full seed, without the Radix Codonopsis seed gone mouldy, uniform broadcasting Radix Codonopsis seed 15-18g/ ㎡ in seedbed, after planting stir seedbed gently, stir the degree of depth and be not more than 1cm, clap pressure seedbed subsequently, seed is buried to be combined closely with soil, in seedbed, spray 25% the third bromine Methomyl 1500 times of liquid 28-32kg ∕ mus simultaneously.
D, covering with plastic film: the transparent mulch film selecting wide 150cm, thick 0.008-0.010mm, overlay film on seedbed, mulch film both sides are pressed in press mold capable in, compress compacting, make the space keeping 8-10cm between mulch film and seedbed after overlay film, the face of each checker-wise shape fritter is beaten the water seepage hole that 2-3 is received precipitation.
E, field management: observe mulch film after rainfall in time and whether compress compacting, and check water seepage hole infiltration situation, guarantee that precipitation all infiltrates in film; When height of seedling 5-7cm is about to contact mulch film, start to get through air holes on mulch film, from less to more, within one week, inner vent reaches the 78-82% of ground membrane area, after making Radix Codonopsis seedling under film adapt to open country growth conditions gradually, select the cloudy day or throw off mulch film at dusk, growing under being allowed to condition at open country condition; Manually pull out when weeds in field is less, Radix Codonopsis herbicides special can be used when weed density is larger to carry out weeding, and because the extermination of disease and insect pest in early stage puts in place and mulch film sealing process, damage by disease and insect occurs lighter, the healthy and strong resistance of growth of seedling strengthens, and does not generally need to carry out chemical control.
F, lifting are gathered in the crops: after Frost's Descent solar term, on the ground cauline leaf withered after freeze-up to soil before or the coming year soil thaw after lifting results, must full stand be played during lifting, young plant length classification by size, reject damage seedling and sick worm harm seedling is sold or supplies cultivation seedling.
Traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method: in order to make the uniformity of Radix Codonopsis plastic film in operations link of the nursery of traditional crop improving straw mulching and applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention, when utilizing the nursery of traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method to compare test, the mixing particle agent 4kg of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin is first spread fertilizer over the fields in seedbed after arranging, then rake the soil level one time with multifunctional small tiller band rotary blade, uniform broadcasting Radix Codonopsis seed 15kg ∕ mu again, one time, ballast a kind of farm tools ground after shallow turned seedling bed table soil, spray 25% the third bromine Methomyl 1500 times of liquid 30kg ∕ mus, last seedbed covers wheat stalk 300kg ∕ mu.
In time be watered 15kg with 4.5% decis 40ml and 40% flolimat 60ml or 80% dichlorvos 80ml or the 25% the third bromine Methomyl 50ml and 70%d carbendazim 100g or the 25% the third insecticidal bactericides such as bromine phoxim 80ml and the white MnZn 100g of 45% first after traditional crop improving straw mulching nursery Radix Codonopsis germination and emergence to spray, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, 7-10 days once, above insecticide is used alternatingly, throw off wheat stalk after more than height of seedling 6cm, then a backsight damage by disease and insect generation development of spraying selects corresponding medicament to carry out extermination of disease and insect pest management.
Two kinds of seedling raising manners Comparative result:
Second Year February 10, soil thaws beginning lifting, utilizes the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery paid Radix Codonopsis seedling 414.4kg of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention, amounts to per mu yield 828.8kg, the long 22.6cm of average seedling; Utilize traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method nursery paid Radix Codonopsis seedling 300.8kg, amount to the average seedling of per mu yield 601.6kg long 16.1cm, both compare, the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery Billy of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention is utilized to increase production 227.2kg with traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method nursery mu, rate of growth 37.8%, average seedling is long increases 6.5cm; During sale, the Radix Codonopsis seedling utilizing the nursery of traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method on average every kilogram of price is 11.2 yuan, income from sales is 6737.92 Yuan ∕ mus, and the Radix Codonopsis seedling utilizing the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention on average every kilogram of price be 14.6 yuan, income from sales is 12100.48 Yuan ∕ mus, and mu increases income 5362.56 yuan; At investing, utilize the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery every mu of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention to use mulch film 10kg, invest 120 yuan, traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method nursery every mu is utilized to cover wheat stalk 300kg, invest 360 yuan, many spraying pesticides 5 times, many investments 35 yuan.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment adopts the Radix Codonopsis kind of Dangchang, Gansu Province informal voucher party, and experimental field soil types is the brown brown earth that loess parent material develops into, local height above sea level 2150-2640m, and year precipitation 450 ㎜-610 ㎜, preceding crop is potato.Radix Codonopsis plastic film and traditional crop improving straw mulching nursery two kinds of seedling raising mannerses of arranging applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention during test compare, and often kind of seedling raising manners area 15 mu, seedling-cultivating method is identical with embodiment 1.
Two kinds of seedling raising manners Comparative result:
Second Year February 10, soil thaws beginning lifting, utilizes the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery average yield per mu Radix Codonopsis seedling 776.4kg of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention, the long 21.0cm of average seedling; Utilize traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method nursery average yield per mu Radix Codonopsis seedling 533.5kg, the long 14.8cm of average seedling, both compare, the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method nursery Billy of applicable Drought Mountain Area of the present invention is utilized to increase 243.1kg with traditional crop improving straw mulching seedling-cultivating method nursery average yield per mu, average seedling is long increases 6.2cm, early to emerge 7-10 days, few pesticide 4 times.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention do not limit by above-described embodiment; other changes made under not deviating from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, modification, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a Radix Codonopsis plastic film method for applicable Drought Mountain Area, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, site preparation and fertilization medication: select the soil block that physical features is smooth, soil layer is deep, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields fully become thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure 2000-3000kg, diammonium phosphate 30-50kg in small, broken bits, urea 8-12kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4-6kg, spread fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide control soil insect, remove the residue such as stalk, stone, plastic sheeting for farm use in soil, deep ploughing soil deeptillage, tilth 30cm-35cm, ploughs under in plow layer by fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, the leveling of rake a kind of farm tools;
B, seedbed arranges: in region, Shang Hua seedbed, monoblock soil, seedbed width is 120cm, be that press mold is capable between adjacent seedbed, its width is 15cm, forming bottom width on both sides, seedbed is 7-9cm, height is the micro-ridge of 9-11cm, make real micro-ridge both sides, in seedbed, every square metre is spread fertilizer over the fields the hybrid particles 5-7g of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin, then rake the soil level one time with small-sized rotary tiller band rotary blade, in seedbed, playing bottom width at interval of 55-65cm place is again 9-11cm, height is 9-11cm, upper wide be the micro-ridge of 4-6cm, seedbed is made to become the fritter of multiple checker-wise shape, flatten the soil in every block checker-wise shape fritter,
C, evenly sowing: select free from admixture, full seed, without the Radix Codonopsis seed gone mouldy, uniform broadcasting Radix Codonopsis seed 15-18g/ ㎡ in seedbed, after planting stir seedbed gently, stir the degree of depth and be not more than 1cm, clap pressure seedbed subsequently, seed is buried to be combined closely with soil, in seedbed, spray 25% the third bromine Methomyl 1500 times of liquid 28-32kg ∕ mus simultaneously;
D, covering with plastic film: overlay film on seedbed, mulch film both sides are pressed in press mold capable in, compress compacting, make the space keeping 8-10cm between mulch film and seedbed after overlay film, the face of each checker-wise shape fritter is beaten 2-3 receiving precipitation water seepage hole;
E, field management: observe mulch film after rainfall in time and whether compress compacting, and check water seepage hole infiltration situation, guarantee that precipitation all infiltrates in film; When height of seedling 5-7cm is about to contact mulch film, start to get through air holes on mulch film, from less to more, within one week, inner vent reaches the 78-82% of ground membrane area, after making Radix Codonopsis seedling under film adapt to open country growth conditions gradually, select the cloudy day or throw off mulch film at dusk, growing under being allowed to condition at open country condition; Manually pull out when weeds in field is less, Radix Codonopsis herbicides special when weed density is larger, can be used to carry out weeding;
F, lifting are gathered in the crops: after Frost's Descent solar term, on the ground cauline leaf withered after freeze-up to soil before or the coming year soil thaw after lifting results, must full stand be played during lifting, young plant length classification by size, reject damage seedling and sick worm harm seedling is sold or supplies cultivation seedling.
2. the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of a kind of applicable Drought Mountain Area according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when spreading fertilizer over the fields insecticidal bactericide in described steps A, every mu spread fertilizer over the fields 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1kg, 95% trichlorphon original powder 2kg, 15kg dregs of fat and 3kg water stir after mixture and the mixing particle agent 4kg of 35% carbendazim and 0.5% Avermectin.
3. the Radix Codonopsis plastic film method of a kind of applicable Drought Mountain Area according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the transparent mulch film selecting wide 150cm, thick 0.008-0.010mm in described step D.
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