CN104488492B - Large-scale production method for Weining codonopsis pilosula - Google Patents
Large-scale production method for Weining codonopsis pilosula Download PDFInfo
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- CN104488492B CN104488492B CN201410680810.6A CN201410680810A CN104488492B CN 104488492 B CN104488492 B CN 104488492B CN 201410680810 A CN201410680810 A CN 201410680810A CN 104488492 B CN104488492 B CN 104488492B
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- radix codonopsis
- seedling
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- codonopsis pilosula
- soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale production method for Weining codonopsis pilosula. The large-scale production method includes a seedling raising method and a transplant method. Seedling raising is performed in a greenhouse, and transplant is performed under an open-air condition. The seedling raising method includes seed pretreatment, land selection, a seeding method, a fertilizing method and different mulch overshadowing measures, so that Weining codonopsis pilosula seedling raising in protected areas at different altitudes is achieved, emergence rate of Weining codonopsis pilosula seedlings is increased and growth period of the Weining codonopsis pilosula seedlings is shortened. The transplant method includes land arrangement; livestock (cattle or mule) furrowing during transplanting, wherein furrow depth is about 20cm, furrow surface inclination is 15 degrees, the codonopsis pilosula seedlings are placed in furrow surfaces according to the row spacing of 10cm, decomposed farm manure is applied to near roots of the codonopsis pilosula seedlings and soil dug out from next furrows covers the codonopsis pilosula seedlings finally; middle-term management, namely, using a hoe for hoeing weeds along gaps during weeding; during top application, spreading fertilizers at the near roots of the codonopsis pilosula before weeding, and covering by the soil shoveled by weeding. Small inclination during transplant is beneficial to codonopsis pilosula growth, so that growth of thick and large codonopsis pilosula is promoted and yield and quality are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine planting technology field, more particularly to a kind of large-scale method for producing of the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige,
Including method for culturing seedlings and method for transplanting.
Background technology
The peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige is Campanulaceae Radix Codonopsis【Codonpsis pilosula（Franch.） Nannf】Dry root,
There is the effect of invigorating the spleen and replenishing QI, strengthening spleen and tonifying lung, be Wei Ning autonomous county of Guizhou Province genuine medicinal materials, in October, 2013 by national quality inspection
General bureau's approval peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige is " geographical indication protection product ", and ratifies Guizhou Hong Futang genuine medicinal materials company limited use "
Reason famous special product special mark ".The mainstay of prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis industry Shi Weining autonomous county Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry Development, but existing
Seedling-raising technique falls behind, and conventional seedbed system method is to select the location of height above sea level 2200m-----2600m, before nursery, deep ploughs in soil and harrows
Carefully, then by the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed（1500-2000kg/ mu）Impose on ground, finally farm manure is mixed soil, make width
1.2m, the furrow face of high 20-30cm.First will handle well during nursery（40 degrees Celsius of warm water soaking, to room temperature, are rinsed 2 times with clear water, dry in the air
Dry）Radix Codonopsis seed thin mud soil mix thoroughly（1:10）It is spread in furrow face, every mu of sowing quantity is 1.5-2kg；Then light with little rake
It is lighter than ground to rake, uniformly mix with ground beneficial to Radix Codonopsis seed and contact；Finally cover shade net.The defect of the method exists
In：First, required by height above sea level is had；2nd, run into Continuous Drought or the rainy day will cause drought and waterlogging to nursery base, emerge
Rate is relatively low；3rd, because the peaceful day and night temperature of prestige is larger, delay Radix Codonopsis to sprout growth, increase growth cycle.
Conventional method for transplanting is that transplanting is front harrows carefully rear ridging by artificial for the soil of farming, makes wide 1.2m, high more than 30cm
Furrow face, spacing 20cm between furrow face, be beneficial to farming weeding.By furrow face corrugate during transplanting, ditch depth 20cm, by Radix Codonopsis Seedling according to
5cm spacing in the rows, 45 degree of gradient field planting are transplanted, and then apply the farm manure having become thoroughly decomposed in the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis Seedling, by next ditch corrugate
Thin mud soil covers Radix Codonopsis Seedling, line-spacing 20cm.Middle term management, during weeding, manually pulls out；Topdress rainy day using the side of spreading fertilizer over the fields
Method.The method has the disadvantage that transplanting recruitment is larger, brings inconvenience, take more during later stage weeding, relatively costly.
Because gradient is larger when Radix Codonopsis field planting is transplanted, it is unfavorable for the growth of Radix Codonopsis.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of large-scale method for producing of the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige, including method for culturing seedlings and transplanting side
Method, the method simplifies middle term management, shortens growth cycle, improves percentage of seedgermination, improves seedling raising environment；Improve weeding system,
Shorten the amount of labour used, reduce production cost, improve productivity effect.
The purpose of the present invention and solve its technical problem underlying and employ the following technical solutions to realize：A kind of Wei Ning party
The large-scale method for producing of ginseng, including method for culturing seedlings and method for transplanting, nursery is carried out in booth, transplants to enter under open-air condition
OK, booth construction is steelframe or bamboo frame structure, and added with fly net, transparent membrane, three layers of material of shade net, the activity of being can in five faces
Tear open, height 4-5 rice, depending on size is according to land area, interior is provided with Hygrothermograph；
Method for culturing seedlings includes：
（1）Site preparation
Before arable land, weeds are removed, more than tractor-ploughing 30cm, artificial rake thin mud block, concurrently disinfect stone or weeds, inclined slope aspect
Ridging bedding, furrow width 1.2m, the high 25-30cm of furrow, furrow spacing 20-30cm, depending on length is according to soil；
（2）The preparation of farm manure
It is 20 with pig, cattle, the farm manure of sheep stool mixing and calcium magnesium phosphate ratio:1 be sufficiently mixed after bank up sealed fermenting,
The time of banking up reaches two weeks more than, carry out smashing to pieces after farm manure fully becomes thoroughly decomposed turn over even after standby；
（3）Apply fertilizer to the subsoil
Prior to seeding the farm manure fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is imposed on earth surfaces, consumption is 1500kg-2000kg/667m2, apply
Method：The farm manure mixed is spread on whole good plot surface, then ploughs under fertilizer in soil superficial layer, rake stand-by；
（4）Seed early stage is processed
It is more than 90% that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis seed requires cleanliness, and germination percentage is more than 85%, and purity is more than 95%, and mass of 1000 kernel is big
In 0.3345g, water content is less than 15%；Select full grains, bright in color, pollution-free, no go mouldy, no disease and pests harm, use beanbag
Install and be put in 40oIt is dipped to room temperature in the warm water of C, take out after 11-13 hour, dry, stand-by；
（5）Sowing
Application rate is 1.5kg-2.0kg/667m2, type of seeding is：Peaceful for ready prestige Radix Codonopsis seed is sieved with crossing No. 10
Thin mud soil 1:10 ratios are broadcasted sowing after mixing, and are slightly raked along earth surfaces with many tooth harrows after sprinkling evenly, and allow the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige
Seed penetrates into earth surfaces layer, broadcasts sowing earthing and is repeated twice, and keeps soil to cover about 0.3cm；
（6）Shelter from heat or light
Shelter from heat or light in booth；
（7）Seedbed management
After planting keep native top layer to moisten and field no weeds, water at any time, 2 weeks start to emerge, treat that seedling grows 2 very
Carry out mid-term weeding, loosening the soil during weeding should be shallow, it is to avoid buries Seedling, hinder root during leaf；Treat that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis Feng Hanghou carries out middle term management, and
When fertilising, remove shade net；Fertilizing method is：If directly blade face can be spread on using carbamide in the rainy day, each consumption is 10kg/
667m2；As in the fertilising of rain or shine sky, then sprayed in blade face after fertilizer is diluted by the dusk；Carry out cutting Seedling when seedling is up to 30cm,
Cut Seedling 1/3；Should apply fertilizer and cut Seedling during whole seedling growth each twice, irregularly carry out weeding simultaneously；
（8）Lifting.
Method for transplanting includes：Early stage is good by consolidation, with cattle, horse animals ditch dug with a plow, ditch depth 20cm, now groove face during transplanting
15 degree of gradient, Radix Codonopsis Seedling is put in groove face according to spacing in the rows 10cm, then imposes at the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis Seedling by the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed,
Finally the soil of next ditch is covered, if any Radix Codonopsis Seedling, human assistance are not completely covered；Middle term management, during weeding, uses
Hoe is rooted out along gap；During fertilising, fertilizer is spread at the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis before weeding, the soil that weed shovel is removed covers
Fertilizer.
The present invention compared with prior art has clear advantage and beneficial effect.From above technical scheme, this
The peaceful Radix Codonopsis protecting field method for culturing seedlings of bright described prestige, by protecting field nursery, its effect is：By improving external condition, can
With manual control indoor temperature, humidity and moisture, improve percentage of seedgermination, reduce the destruction of foreign pests, be easy to manage, contracting
The growth cycle of short seedling, has broken the selection to High aititude location for the nursery base.
The present invention is by testing for many years, taking to seed pre-treatment, soil selection, method for culturing seedlings, fertilizing method, difference
Covering the measure such as shelters from heat or light it is achieved that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis Different Altitude protecting field nursery, and the emerging of prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis is greatly improved
Rate, shorten growth cycle, respond well, improve the nursery production capacity of the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige.Whole seedling raising process in booth
In carry out, wherein decrease covering and shelter from heat or light network process.As rainfall is plentiful period, closure tip, waterlogging can be prevented；In case of dry
In non-irrigated period, remove transparent membrane, indoor watering, prevent drought.
In addition method for transplanting substantially increases work efficiency, and during transplanting, work efficiency is approximately artificial 3 times transplanting；During weeding
Rooting out work efficiency is 7-8 times manually pulling out, weeding is applied fertilizer simultaneously and is conducive to the absorption of Radix Codonopsis, decreases transplanting, weeding
Quantities, reduces cost.Because Radix Codonopsis is that root gives birth to class crop, the gradient little growth being conducive to Radix Codonopsis during transplanting, under the conditions of this
Radix Codonopsis thicker, improve Radix Codonopsis yield and quality.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, to according to prestige proposed by the present invention peaceful Radix Codonopsis large-scale method for producing specific embodiment party
Formula, feature and its effect, after describing in detail such as.
Embodiment 1
Guizhou Hong Futang genuine medicinal materials company limited was educated in prestige Ning County little Hai town Xi Chong village on April 6th, 2013
Seedling contrast test.Experimental field it is yellow sandy loam, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, front stubble Semen Maydiss and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi interplanting, height above sea level is 2276 meters.Field is tried
Test and be divided into two contrasts of A, B to process each 460m2, wherein A processes and adopts open country seedling-raising technique, covers shade net；B is processed using this
Inventive technique, and protecting field seedling-raising technique.
1. site preparation
Before arable land, weeds are removed, more than tractor-ploughing 30cm, artificial rake thin mud block, concurrently disinfect stone or weeds, act in accordance with slope
To ridging bedding, it is easy to middle term management.Furrow width 1.2m, the high 25-30cm of furrow, furrow spacing 20-30cm, depending on length is according to soil.
2. the preparation of farm manure
Applied fertilizer according to GAP and require, as should be fully become thoroughly decomposed using during farm manure in planting process, non-pollution sanitary should be met
Standard.And according to local conditions farm manure（Pig, cattle, sheep stool mixing）Airtight is banked up after being sufficiently mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate
Ferment（Calcium magnesium phosphate：Farm manure=1:20）, the time of banking up should reach two weeks more than, carry out smashing to pieces turning over after farm manure fully becomes thoroughly decomposed
Standby after even.
3. apply fertilizer to the subsoil
The farm manure fully becoming thoroughly decomposed should be imposed on earth surfaces prior to seeding, consumption is 1500kg-2000kg/667m2.Apply
Use method：The farm manure mixed is spread on whole good plot surface, then ploughs under fertilizer in soil superficial layer, rake stand-by.
4. seed early stage is processed
It is more than 90% that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis seed requires cleanliness, and germination percentage is more than 85%, and purity is more than 95%, and mass of 1000 kernel is big
In 0.3345g, water content should be less than 15%.Select full grains, bright in color, pollution-free, no go mouldy, no disease and pests harm.Use little cloth
Packed it is put in 40 welloIt is dipped to room temperature in the warm water of C, take out after 11-13 hour, beneficial to germination in advance.Dry, stand-by.
5. sow
Application rate is 1.5kg-2.0kg/667m2.Type of seeding is：By peaceful for ready prestige Radix Codonopsis seed and thin mud soil
（About cross No. 10 sieves）Mix（1:10）After broadcasted sowing, slightly raked along earth surfaces with many tooth harrows after sprinkling evenly, allow Wei Ning party
Ginseng seed penetrates into earth surfaces layer, broadcasts sowing earthing and is repeated twice, and keeps soil to cover about 0.3cm.
6. shelter from heat or light
A process experiment is added covering shade net after having sowed and is sheltered from heat or light, and B process takes protecting field to shelter from heat or light.
7. seedbed management
Native top layer after planting should be kept to moisten and field no weeds, should water at any time, general 2 weeks start to emerge, and treat seedling
Grow and carry out mid-term weeding during 2 true leaves, loosening the soil during weeding should be shallow, it is to avoid buries Seedling, hinder root.In treating that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis Feng Hanghou is carried out
Period management, answers application in time, removes shade net.Fertilizing method is：If can directly be spread on blade face using carbamide in the rainy day, every time
Consumption is 10kg/667m2, such as in the fertilising of rain or shine sky, should spray in blade face after fertilizer is diluted by the dusk.Treat that seedling is up to 30cm
Carry out when above cutting Seedling, cut Seedling 1/3.Should apply fertilizer and cut Seedling during whole seedling growth each twice, irregularly carry out simultaneously
Weeding.
8. lifting
Carry out lifting on December 26th, 2013, now emergence rate is：A processes 76.3%, and yield is 0.426kg/ m2；B
Process 84.2%, yield is 0.519kg/ m2.B leaf emergence using this technology increases by 7.9%, and yield increases 62kg/ mu.
Embodiment 2：
Guizhou Hong Futang genuine medicinal materials company limited was educated in prestige Ning County Me Zhan town Bao Dou village on March 23rd, 2014
Seedling contrast test.Experimental field it is yellow sandy loam, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, front stubble Semen Maydiss and Rhizoma Solani tuber osi interplanting, height above sea level is 2098 meters.Field is tried
Test and be divided into two contrasts of A, B to process each 450m2, wherein A processes and adopts open country seedling-raising technique, covers shade net；B is processed using this
Inventive technique, and protecting field seedling-raising technique.
Method is with enforcement example 1.So far also non-lifting, but seedling growth according to the observation, B processes and is better than A process.
Embodiment 3
Emerging of embodiment 1 is transplanted：Early stage is good by consolidation, with cattle, horse animals ditch dug with a plow, ditch depth during transplanting
20cm, now 15 degree of ditch plane inclination, Radix Codonopsis Seedling is put in groove face according to spacing in the rows 10cm, then the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is imposed on
At the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis Seedling, the soil finally routed up next ditch covers, if any Radix Codonopsis Seedling, human assistance are not completely covered；
Middle term management, during weeding, is rooted out along gap with hoe；During fertilising, fertilizer is spread at the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis before weeding, will
The soil that weed shovel removes covers fertilizer.
The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not the present invention is made with any pro forma restriction, appoints
What any is simply repaiied according to what the technical spirit of the present invention made to above example without departing from technical solution of the present invention content
Change, equivalent variations and modification, all still fall within the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the large-scale method for producing of the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of a kind of prestige, including method for culturing seedlings and method for transplanting it is characterised in that：
Method for culturing seedlings includes：
（1）Site preparation
Before arable land, weeds are removed, more than tractor-ploughing 30cm, artificial rake thin mud block, concurrently disinfect stone or weeds, inclined slope aspect ridging
Bedding, furrow width 1.2m, the high 25-30cm of furrow, furrow spacing 20-30cm, depending on length is according to soil；
（2）The preparation of farm manure
Bank up sealed fermenting after being sufficiently mixed with pig, cattle, the farm manure of sheep stool mixing and calcium magnesium phosphate, the time of banking up reaches two weeks
More than, carry out smashing to pieces after farm manure fully becomes thoroughly decomposed turn over even after standby；
（3）Apply fertilizer to the subsoil
Prior to seeding the farm manure fully becoming thoroughly decomposed is imposed on earth surfaces, consumption is 1500kg-2000kg/667m2, application process：
The farm manure mixed is spread on whole good plot surface, then ploughs under fertilizer in soil superficial layer, rake stand-by；
（4）Seed early stage is processed
It is more than 90% that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis seed requires cleanliness, and germination percentage is more than 85%, and purity is more than 95%, and mass of 1000 kernel is more than
0.3345g, water content is less than 15%；Select full grains, bright in color, pollution-free, no go mouldy, no disease and pests harm, filled with beanbag
It is put in 40 welloIt is dipped to room temperature in the warm water of C, take out after 11-13 hour, dry, stand-by；
（5）Sowing
Application rate is 1.5kg-2.0kg/667m2, type of seeding is：After peaceful for ready prestige Radix Codonopsis seed is mixed with thin mud soil
Broadcasted sowing, slightly raked along earth surfaces with many tooth harrows after sprinkling evenly, allow prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis seed penetrate into earth surfaces layer, broadcast sowing
Earthing is repeated twice, and keeps soil to cover about 0.3cm；
（6）Shelter from heat or light
Shelter from heat or light in booth；
（7）Seedbed management
After planting keep native top layer to moisten and field no weeds, water at any time, start to emerge after 2 weeks, treat that seedling grows 2 true leaves
Shi Jinhang mid-term weeding, loosening the soil during weeding should be shallow, it is to avoid buries Seedling, hinder root；Treat that prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis Feng Hanghou carries out middle term management, in time
Fertilising, removes shade net；Fertilizing method is：If in the rainy day, being directly spread on blade face using carbamide, each consumption is 10kg/
667m2；As in the fertilising of rain or shine sky, then sprayed in blade face after fertilizer is diluted by the dusk；Carry out cutting Seedling when seedling is up to 30cm,
Cut Seedling 1/3；Should apply fertilizer and cut Seedling during whole seedling growth each twice, irregularly carry out weeding simultaneously；
（8）Lifting
Method for transplanting includes：Early stage is good by consolidation, with cattle, horse animals ditch dug with a plow during transplanting, ditch depth about 20cm, now groove face incline
15 degree of gradient, Radix Codonopsis Seedling is put in groove face according to spacing in the rows 10cm, then imposes at the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis Seedling by the farm manure becoming thoroughly decomposed,
The farm manure afterwards covering of the soil of next ditch being become thoroughly decomposed, if any not being completely covered Radix Codonopsis Seedling, human assistance；Mid-term pipe
Reason, during weeding, is rooted out along gap with hoe；During fertilising, fertilizer is spread at the nearly root of Radix Codonopsis before weeding, by weed shovel
The soil removing covers fertilizer.
2. the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige as claimed in claim 1 large-scale method for producing it is characterised in that：Described booth construction is steelframe
Or bamboo frame structure, five faces, added with fly net, transparent membrane, three layers of material of shade net, are movable removable, height 4-5 rice, size
Depending on land area, interior is provided with Hygrothermograph.
3. the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige as claimed in claim 1 large-scale method for producing it is characterised in that：The step of method for culturing seedlings（2）
Farm manure and calcium magnesium phosphate ratio are 20: 1.
4. the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige as claimed in claim 1 large-scale method for producing it is characterised in that：Step（4）Filled with beanbag
It is put in 40 welloIt is dipped to room temperature in the warm water of C, take out after 12 hours.
5. the peaceful Radix Codonopsis of prestige as claimed in claim 1 large-scale method for producing it is characterised in that：Step（5）Thin mud soil crosses 10
Number sieve, the ratio of prestige peaceful Radix Codonopsis seed and thin mud soil is 1:10.
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| CN201410680810.6A CN104488492B (en) | 2014-11-25 | 2014-11-25 | Large-scale production method for Weining codonopsis pilosula |
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| CN105210623A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2016-01-06 | 李付炯 | The implantation methods of Radix Codonopsis |
| CN105359814B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-04-27 | 江西青春康源制药有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Bai Yun Shen |
| CN105746159A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-07-13 | 昆明盾丰农业科技开发有限公司 | Codonopsis bulleyana cultivating and planting method |
| CN114287304A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-04-08 | 山西林溪生物科技有限公司 | Organic seedling raising method for codonopsis pilosula |
| CN113973638A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-01-28 | 梁佳灵 | Method for improving high-yield and rapid growth of eucalyptus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US6309840B1 (en) * | 1997-01-03 | 2001-10-30 | The Chinese Univerisity Of Hong Kong | Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism test for the authentication of herbal Chinese medicines |
| CN101647353A (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2010-02-17 | 王安合 | Method for cultivating codonopsis pilosula |
| CN102783342A (en) * | 2012-08-21 | 2012-11-21 | 屯留县民康中药材开发有限公司 | Cultivation method of hairy asiabell |
| CN103430719A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-12-11 | 王运海 | Method for planting dangshen |
| CN103718820A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-04-16 | 杜林东 | Planting method for traditional Chinese herbal medicine codonopsis pilosula |
| CN103918470A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-07-16 | 程卫东 | Method for cultivating codonopsis pilosula |
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