CN109892177A - A kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method - Google Patents

A kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109892177A
CN109892177A CN201910161175.3A CN201910161175A CN109892177A CN 109892177 A CN109892177 A CN 109892177A CN 201910161175 A CN201910161175 A CN 201910161175A CN 109892177 A CN109892177 A CN 109892177A
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planting method
trollius
ledebouri
greenhouse
cold area
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CN109892177B (en
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武海涛
张科
马红媛
王深红
康玉娟
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of CAS
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/25Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor

Abstract

A kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method, the invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, it is in order to solve the problems, such as that Trollius ledebouri crop cycle is long, low output.Direct-seeding planting method: one, in the greenhouse, spreading fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure in earth's surface before turning over, then shallowly turned over to soil, construction sowing cell;Two, it is broadcast live after presprouting of seeds and disinfection, after planting earthing on uniform fold, upper earthing is formulated by black earth, peat soil and fine sand;Three, to be generated to grow pentagon basal leaf, spray strengthening agent, plant height to be averaged it is long to 5~7cm when, apply first time nitrogenous fertilizer, seedling stage, 15~20 days leaching Shi Yici nitrogenous fertilizer, up to blooming;Four, it harvests.The present invention uses seed sowing method, and without transplanting, time saving and energy saving, the rational proportion of upper earthing has fully considered the soil texture and tilth feature, has ensured liquid manure supply, has improved seed germination rate;Chamber planting greatly shortens crop cycle, strong operability.

Description

A kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method.
Background technique
Trollius ledebouri (Trollius ledebouri Reichb) is Ranunculaceae Trollius herbaceos perennial, It is born in wet meadow, grass plot or the river bank grassy marshland of 110~900m of height above sea level, is distributed in Heilungkiang and Inner Mongol northeast in China Portion, be also distributed in Russian eastern Siberia and the Far East Area (Zhang Dongqing etc., the progress of Trollius ledebouri, it is middle at Medicine, 2016,38 (11): 2448-2453.).Its pattern is bright-coloured, flower pattern is beautiful, is used as medicine with flower, has clearing heat and detoxicating, improving eyesight of reducing swelling And other effects;The symptoms such as chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, acute lymphangitis can be treated, therefore with important ornamental and medicinal valence Value, market potential is huge, and people has been caused to pay high attention to.In Trollius ledebouri distributed area, artificially pick it is extremely serious, to it Growing environment causes centainly to destroy, and Trollius ledebouri population quantity is caused to reduce, and influences its population and stablizes.For its medicine of comprehensive exploitation Wild resource is protected with more preferable with value, artificial growth Trollius ledebouri is imperative.
Trollius ledebouri is distributed mainly on cool temperature zone or middle Temperate Region in China, because Growing season is partially short, so from seed sprout to Blooming at least needs 2 years, seriously constrains time to market (TTM), and the finiteness of wild resource, is unable to satisfy broad mass market demand. The plantation or cultivation of China's Trollius at present, field-transplanting after mainly using outdoor plantation or nursing young plants in hothouses, this method The composite factors such as climate meteorology influence, and seed germination rate is low, at flower low output, therefore to solve artificial growth Trollius ledebouri The problem of seed germination rate occurred in the process is low, crop cycle is long, low output, the present invention provides a kind of cold short valve lily feets in area Flower greenhouse direct-seeding planting method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve Trollius ledebouri seed germination rates it is low, crop cycle is long, low output the problem of, And provide a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method.
The cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method of the present invention follows these steps to realize:
One, consolidation: selection (loose fertile) black earth or chernozem plot are spread before turning in earth's surface in the greenhouse Farmyard manure is applied, applies 200~500kg of farmyard manure per acre, then soil is shallowly turned over, pours primary permeable, site preparation of raking, by width It paddles for 60~100cm, construction sowing cell, line space is 10~15cm, completes consolidation;
Two, it sows: vernalization processing a, being done to Trollius ledebouri seed first, i.e., by the short valve gold of maturation full after wet concentration Lotus flower seed is put into the GA that configured mass concentration is 1%34~6h is impregnated in solution, with water repeated flushing to wash after taking-up Raffinate is removed, the seed of vernalization is obtained, is then put into the seed of vernalization in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% Disinfection treatment, dries the seed after being sterilized at room temperature;
B, mid-April to May, the first tenday period of a month were sowed, and the fine sand of seed and 10~20 times of quality after disinfection were stirred equal Even, in the row section that step 1 is raked, the volume ratio according to black earth, peat soil and fine sand is to cover in 6:3:1 configuration for uniform broadcasting Soil, the after planting upper earthing of 0.5~1cm of uniform fold is then steady and sure, moisturizing pour it is primary permeable, hereafter not according to soil water regime Regular moisturizing, soil moisture control content is in 65%-85% until emergence;
Three, seedling management: Seedling Stage: removing weeds after emergence, to be generated to grow pentagon basal leaf (the first true leaf), blade face Spray a strengthening agent, plant height to be averaged it is long to 5~7cm when, carry out picking seedling, control 90~120 plants/m2, pick after seedling with quality Than 1:1000 times dilution (quick-acting) nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer leaching impose on Trollius ledebouri root, monthly until at the beginning of September;Seedling stage: 9 The beginning of the month, seedling enter rapid growth stage, then with 1:800 times of mass ratio dilution (quick-acting) nitrogenous fertilizer, 15~20 days leaching Shi Yici, directly To blooming;
Four, harvest: mid-November blooms, and early December enters full-bloom stage, picks Trollius ledebouri.
The present invention provides a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method, the present invention uses seed sowing side Method reduces labor intensity without transplanting, time saving and energy saving;Upper earthing made of black earth, peat soil and fine sand rational proportion, one Aspect has certain gas permeability, so that seed is unlikely to mouldy necrosis in germination process, on the other hand protects but also with certain Water fertilizer-preserving ability significantly improves germination rate so that can obtain sufficient nutrient and moisture supply in Seed Germination;Using The means of chamber planting and the configuration of appropriate liquid manure substantially reduce crop cycle, and live streaming current year can bloom, and work as annual Every plant of production dried flower 3g, per mu yield dried flower 27-37kg are cultivated to every plant of the second annual and are opened 26,70.2~93.6kg of per mu yield dried flower; The invention is simple and feasible, strong operability, at low cost, quick, has broad prospect of application and significant economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1: present embodiment is trembled with fear, area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method follows these steps reality It applies:
One, consolidation: selection (loose fertile) black earth or chernozem plot are spread before turning in earth's surface in the greenhouse Farmyard manure is applied, applies 200~500kg of farmyard manure per acre, then soil is shallowly turned over, pours primary permeable, site preparation of raking, by width It paddles for 60~100cm, construction sowing cell, line space is 10~15cm, completes consolidation;
Two, it sows: vernalization processing a, being done to Trollius ledebouri seed first, i.e., by the short valve gold of maturation full after wet concentration Lotus flower seed is put into the GA that configured mass concentration is 1%34~6h is impregnated in solution, with water repeated flushing to wash after taking-up Raffinate is removed, the seed of vernalization is obtained, is then put into the seed of vernalization in the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% Disinfection treatment, dries the seed after being sterilized at room temperature;
B, mid-April to May, the first tenday period of a month were sowed, and the fine sand of seed and 10~20 times of quality after disinfection were stirred equal Even, in the row section that step 1 is raked, the volume ratio according to black earth, peat soil and fine sand is to cover in 6:3:1 configuration for uniform broadcasting Soil, the after planting upper earthing of 0.5~1cm of uniform fold is then steady and sure, moisturizing pour it is primary permeable, hereafter not according to soil water regime Regular moisturizing, soil moisture control content is in 65%-85% until emergence;
Three, seedling management: Seedling Stage: removing weeds after emergence, to be generated to grow pentagon basal leaf (the first true leaf), blade face Spray a strengthening agent, plant height to be averaged it is long to 5~7cm when, carry out picking seedling, control 90~120 plants/m2, pick after seedling with quality Than 1:1000 times dilution (quick-acting) nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer leaching impose on Trollius ledebouri root, monthly until at the beginning of September;Seedling stage: 9 The beginning of the month, seedling enter rapid growth stage, then with 1:800 times of mass ratio dilution (quick-acting) nitrogenous fertilizer, 15~20 days leaching Shi Yici, directly To blooming;
Four, harvest: mid-November blooms, and early December enters full-bloom stage, picks Trollius ledebouri.
Line space is controlled in present embodiment step 1 in case ventilation, weeding, fertilising, moisturizing and harvesting etc. manage.Step The composition and ratio of upper earthing fully considers different soils quality and tilth feature in two, not only ensures nutrient supply, but also meet moisture Demand.
Air pressure type sprayer, sprinkling irrigation equistability water supplement apparatus are preferably selected in moisturizing in step 2, and broad irrigation is avoided to cause Soil layer disturbs and exposes seed, to influence effect of sprouting.
In step 3 Seedling Stage in order to avoid warm indoor air temperature is excessively high and seedling of burning, answer whole day windowing ventilation, and 7,8 Month is shaded using sunshade net, and mid or late September weather turns cold in this step, should remove shading, and it is warming to focus on greenhouse.
Full-bloom stage should reduce moisturizing in step 4, and flood irrigation in two weeks is primary.It can be by the short valve gold of harvesting in this step Lotus flower fresh flower piece is put into 85 DEG C of baking 30min of electric drying oven with forced convection constant temperature and dried flower is made, and also selects to dry under fair weather.
Specific embodiment 2: the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that farmyard manure described in step 1 For barnyard manure or compost.
Specific embodiment 3: the present embodiment is different from the first and the second embodiment in that the depth shallowly turned in step 1 Degree is 15~25cm.
Specific embodiment 4: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to three in step 1 per acre Apply farmyard manure 400kg.
Specific embodiment 5: by width in step 1 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to four Degree paddles for 100cm, construction sowing cell, line space 15cm.
Specific embodiment 6: being sterilized in step 2 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to five The time of processing is 30~60min.
Specific embodiment 7: will disappear in step 2 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to six The fine sand of seed and 20 times of quality after poison stirs evenly.
Specific embodiment 8: step 3 works as short valve unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to seven After trollflower emergence, rate of water make-up is reduced, soil moisture control content is 50%~65%.
Specific embodiment 9: unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to eight described in step 3 Strengthening agent be that Nafusaku and butyric acid potassium 1:2 ratio water dissolution mechanism in mass ratio are formulated.
Specific embodiment 10: applying nitrogen in step 3 unlike one of present embodiment and specific embodiment one to nine Fertilizer carried out moisturizing after 2 days.
Present embodiment will apply fertilizer and be staggered with the moisturizing time.
Embodiment: the present embodiment is in the comprehensive examination of Changchun City Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sc It tests in the greenhouse of station and carries out, cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method follows these steps to implement:
One, consolidation: selecting loose fertile black earth plot as substrate, spreads fertilizer over the fields barnyard manure in earth's surface before turning over, per acre Farmyard manure 400kg is applied, then soil is shallowly turned over, ensures that base manure uniformly ploughs under in soil, shallowly turns over depth 25cm, is poured primary saturating Water is raked using tools such as flat rakes when ground is slightly dry, is paddled by wide 100cm, and construction sowing cell, line space 15cm is completed Consolidation;
Two, sow: April 10 did vernalization processing to Trollius ledebouri seed, by the short valve gold of maturation full after wet concentration Lotus flower seed is put into the GA that mass concentration is 1%3Solution impregnate, soaking time control in 5h, after pulling out with water repeated flushing with Raffinate is washed out, then the seed of vernalization is put into the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% and disinfects 40min, The seed after being sterilized is dried at room temperature;
B, April 15 was sowed, and the fine sand of seed and 20 times of quality after disinfection was stirred evenly, uniform broadcasting is being harrowed In flat row section, selecting black earth, peat soil and fine sand by volume is earthing in the proportional arrangement of 6:3:1, is after planting uniformly covered Earthing on 0.5cm is covered, it is then steady and sure, it is kept the skin wet using air pressure type sprayer, daily moisturizing is primary, until emergence;
Three, seedling management: Seedling Stage: emerging for after planting 13 days successively, and germination rate is up to 94.6%, every moisturizing in two days after emergence Once, soil moisture control content carries out weekly a weeds and removes 50%~65%, and 25 days or so to be generated to grow pentagon Basal leaf (the first true leaf), strengthening agent of foliage-spray after 60 days, when plant height to be averaged is to 6cm, carry out picking seedling, control 100 Strain/m2, pick and dilute instant nitrogenousfertilizer with 1:1000 times of mass ratio after seedling, leaching imposes on Trollius ledebouri root, monthly until September Just;Seedling stage: at the beginning of September, seedling enters rapid growth stage, dilutes instant nitrogenousfertilizer with 1:800 times of mass ratio, leaching in 15 days applies one It is secondary, until blooming.
Four, harvest: November 18 bloomed, and early December enters full-bloom stage, and the florescence about 7-15 days, investigation discovery at this time was average Plant height 92.3cm, average every plant can open 10 flowers, spread out and dry after full-bloom stage harvesting, and weighing discovery produces dry when every plant of annual Flower 3g, per mu yield dried flower 30kg, cultivate to every plant of the second annual and open 26, per mu yield dried flower 78kg.
The following table 1 is that the present embodiment Trollius ledebouri different stages of growth survey index, and table 2 is that the present embodiment soil correlation refers to Mark.
1 Trollius ledebouri different stages of growth of table survey index
2 soil index of correlation of table

Claims (10)

1. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method, it is characterised in that the implantation methods follow these steps to realize:
One, consolidation: selection black earth or chernozem plot spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure in earth's surface before turning over, apply agriculture per acre in the greenhouse Family 200~500kg of fertilizer, then shallowly turns over soil, pours primary permeable, site preparation of raking, and is that 60~100cm paddles by width, Construction sowing cell, line space are 10~15cm, complete consolidation;
Two, it sows: vernalization processing a, being done to Trollius ledebouri seed first, i.e., by the Trollius ledebouri of maturation full after wet concentration Seed is put into the GA that configured mass concentration is 1%34~6h is impregnated in solution, it is residual to wash away with water repeated flushing after taking-up Liquid obtains the seed of vernalization, and then the seed of vernalization is put into the liquor potassic permanganate that mass concentration is 0.1% and is sterilized Processing, dries the seed after being sterilized at room temperature;
B, mid-April to May, the first tenday period of a month were sowed, and the fine sand of seed and 10~20 times of quality after disinfection were stirred evenly, It is even to be sown in the row section that step 1 is raked, it is earthing in 6:3:1 configuration according to the volume ratio of black earth, peat soil and fine sand, broadcasts The upper earthing of 0.5~1cm of uniform fold after kind, then steady and sure, moisturizing is poured once permeable, is hereafter irregularly mended according to soil water regime Water, soil moisture control content is in 65%-85% until emergence;
Three, seedling management: Seedling Stage: removing weeds after emergence, to be generated to grow pentagon basal leaf, strong sprout of foliage-spray Agent, plant height to be averaged it is long to 5~7cm when, carry out picking seedling, control 90~120 plants/m2, pick dilute with 1:1000 times of mass ratio after seedling Nitrogenous fertilizer is released, nitrogenous fertilizer leaching imposes on Trollius ledebouri root, monthly until at the beginning of September;Seedling stage: at the beginning of September, seedling enters fast fast-growing The long stage, then nitrogenous fertilizer, 15~20 days leaching Shi Yici are diluted with 1:800 times of mass ratio, until blooming;
Four, harvest: mid-November blooms, and early December enters full-bloom stage, picks Trollius ledebouri.
2. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 Described in farmyard manure be barnyard manure or compost.
3. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 In the depth shallowly turned over be 15~25cm.
4. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 In apply farmyard manure 400kg per acre.
5. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1 In paddle by width for 100cm, construction sowing cell, line space 15cm.
6. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2 The time of middle disinfection treatment is 30~60min.
7. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2 The middle seed by after disinfection and the fine sand of 20 times of quality stir evenly.
8. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3 After Trollius ledebouri emergence, rate of water make-up is reduced, soil moisture control content is 50%~65%.
9. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3 Described in strengthening agent be that Nafusaku and butyric acid potassium 1:2 ratio water dissolution mechanism in mass ratio are formulated.
10. a kind of cold area's Trollius ledebouri greenhouse direct-seeding planting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3 Middle nitrogen fertilizer application carried out moisturizing after 2 days.
CN201910161175.3A 2019-03-04 2019-03-04 Direct seeding planting method for short-petal trollius chinensis in greenhouse in cold region Active CN109892177B (en)

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CN114175975A (en) * 2021-12-08 2022-03-15 赤峰学院 Trollius chinensis planting method for changing winter dormancy characteristic of trollius chinensis

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