CN104938182A - Seedling method for improving polygonatum kingianurn reproductive rate - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a seedling method for improving a polygonatum kingianurn reproductive rate, relates to the method for breeding and seedling of medical plants, and belongs to the technical field of medical plant cultivating. The seedling method comprises the steps that selecting is carried out on polygonatum kingianurn breeding materials, asexual reproduction is carried out, seedling is carried out in a greenhouse with the altitude ranging from 1800 m to 2200 m, and field opening transplanting is carried out on the place with the altitude ranging from 2000 m to 2800 m; a seedling bed is made in a plastic greenhouse, the width of the seedling bed is 1.2 m, and disinfecting and curing treating are carried out on nursery soil; section cutting lengths of polygonatum kingianurn range from 1.5 cm to 2 cm, and smearing is carried out on cross sections by using prepared plant ash. A minor groove with the depth of 6 cm is formed in the bed surface, the placing density seed spacing is 12 cm * 15 cm, the covering soil thickness is 2.5 cm, watering is carried out in a permeable mode, and the seedling stage management is mainly maintaining the temperature and the water within an appropriate range. The seedling method for improving the polygonatum kingianurn reproductive rate has the advantages that the reproductive rate of the polygonatum kingianurn can be improved to reach above 300%, and the seedling quality can be further improved. In the late autumn and early winter of the same year or before the spring of the next year, the polygonatum kingianurn is transplanted to a field in the resting period. The seedling method for improving the polygonatum kingianurn reproductive rate has the advantages that the reproductive rate of the polygonatum kingianurn can be improved to reach above 300%, and the seedling quality can be further improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling-cultivating method improving P. kingianum reproduction rate, belong to technical field of medicinal plant cultivation.
Technical background
P. kingianum (
p.Kingianum Coll.etHemsl.) be liliaceous plant, be the distinctive resources of medicinal plant of China, be mainly distributed in the provinces and regions such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangxi.One of three kinds of former plants of the medicinal material " sealwort " that the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 editions) specifies.In addition also have sealwort (
pOlygonatum sibircumred), the province such as Shaanxi, Gansu is mainly distributed in; David's-harp (
p.Cyrtonemahua), the ground such as Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi are mainly distributed in.Sealwort is put down, and taste is sweet, effect of tool tonifying spleen moistening lung, supplementing qi and nourishing yin.In long-term medicinal history, sealwort is utilized as master mainly with wild product.Worsen year by year due to habitat and excessively excavate utilization, cause population serious degradation, wild sealwort resource reduces year by year, is classified as country's three grades of national key protected plant in the medicinal plant kind of special-protection-by-the-State.In recent decades, P. kingianum is progressively planted in the mountain area of each provinces and regions of Southwestern China and upper level, to alleviate P. kingianum degree in imminent danger, cultivate high and cold mountain area special advantage industries and all serve positive effect.P. kingianum artificial planting needs 3-4 to gather in the crops, with gathering in the crops at more than 4-5 from being seeded into of seminal propagation.Therefore, seeling industry is most important to production of crude drugs.The rhizome cutting propagation nursery of P. kingianum, can not only shorten the grown in field cycle of P. kingianum, and can also keep the merit of P. kingianum, improves quality of medicinal material, increases plantation output.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve P. kingianum seedling not enough, lack seedling growing process problem, provide one can keep P. kingianum merit, improve sapling multiplication rate and strong sprout output capacity seedling-cultivating method.
The seedling-cultivating method of raising P. kingianum seeding ratio of the present invention, specific as follows:
A. select stalwartness, Individual Size moderate, without the P. kingianum of damage by disease and insect as rhizome cutting propagation material.Time of the year when autumn changes into winter collects block root in P. kingianum resting stage, and indoor sand is hidden, and temperature controls below 6 DEG C, and humidity keeps moisture state; Rhizome cutting propagation is taken out at the beginning of 3 months coming year; Stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared;
B. the source of ash and preparation: collect farmers' and to light a fire the fire ash of cooking and staying, also can fire with crops straw, every 10 kilograms of ash add 2L content 50ppm rooting powder solution, mix thoroughly stand-by;
C. the construction of plastic tunnel and seedling bed: canopy height 2.5m, wide 4.5m; Nursery bedside 1.2m, bed is long not to be limit;
D. the process of nursery soil: based on original seedbed soil, adjust ph 5.5 ~ 7.0, every square metre of powder of carbendazim adding 4-5kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 3g85%, digs to mix and evenly shakeouts bonnet mulch film and fumigate 10-15 days, take off film and plant seedling;
E. bed surface opens the degree of depth is 6cm ditch, and by the sealwort propagating materials segment cut, the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of section; The seeding row spacing putting density is 12cm × 15cm, after sowing on sealwort propagating materials earthing, thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable;
F. nursery stage management mainly keeps temperature and moisture and weeds a garden.Soil temperature remains on 15-25 DEG C, and soil moisture keeps moisture state for degree, agglomerating, tactile namely the faling apart of namely pinching; Weed a garden in time, keep bed surface to clean;
Between g.6 ~ July, after seedling grows, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether; H. transplant: transplant to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800m area, then before time of the year when autumn changes into winter or next spring, P. kingianum stops the phase
Transplant to land for growing field crops;
I. selection of land wholely: plant the moistening fertile woodland ground of P. kingianum selection and comparison or mountain region, require without ponding, and fertile with soil property, the loose sand being rich in detritus is best, and soil is thin, be not suitable for planting arid and sand.Require to carry out more than soil deep tillage 30cm, when field plough turns over, farmyard manure 2000KG executed by every mu of need, evenly applies Tu Mianshang wholely, plough deeply 30cm again, loam is fully mixed, then carry out leveling rake thin after wait to broadcast, general furrow face width 1.5m, length determines according to native shape, first on every mu of furrow face, execute general calcium 50kh and composite fertilizer 50kg during plantation seedling, covering fine earth can plant, and plant density is 12cm × 15cm, plant the fine earth of adding a cover 2cm after under seed, every mu of about 8000 strain-10000 strains of seedling plantation.Plant 3 years every per mu yield about fresh goods 1500kg afterwards, amount to dry product about 350 kilograms, the time of excavating is about annual November, excavate after seedling, after excavating, P. kingianum fresh goods clear water is washed away silt, put into and to steam in digester or boil, then dry or dry and be medicinal material.
P. kingianum seedling-cultivating method of the present invention comprises: P. kingianum propagating materials is selected, and vegetative propagation, at height above sea level 1800 ~ 2200m raise seedling in greenhouse, can carry out open country transplanting at height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800m afterwards; Nursery adopts to do seedling bed in plastic tunnel, and nursery bedside 1.2m, carries out disinfection and maturation process to nursery soil; P. kingianum staple fiber ppd 1.5-2cm, the section ash prepared is smeared.It is 6cm ditch that bed surface opens the degree of depth, and during sowing, the seeding row spacing putting density of P. kingianum propagating materials is 12cm × 15cm, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm waters permeable, and nursery stage management mainly keeps temperature and moisture in optimum range.Open country transplanting is carried out after nursery completes, select fertile, the loose sand being rich in detritus of soil property, more than soil deep tillage 30cm during whole ground, when field plough turns over, farmyard manure 2000kg executed by every mu of need, evenly apply Tu Mianshang, plough deeply 30cm again, loam is fully mixed, carry out again leveling rake thin after wait to broadcast, general furrow face width 1.5m, length determines according to native shape, first on every mu of furrow face, executes general calcium 50kh and composite fertilizer 50kg during plantation seedling, make also there are enough fertilizer nutrients in soil darker in soil, improve the seed output and quality of breeding.The invention has the advantages that: the reproduction rate of P. kingianum can be increased to more than 300%, can also seedling quality be improved.Then before time of the year when autumn changes into winter or next spring, sealwort phase resting stage transplants to land for growing field crops.
Embodiment
below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further, but be not limited to embodiment.
embodiment 1:
Improve a seedling-cultivating method for P. kingianum reproduction rate, this seedling-cultivating method is specific as follows:
A. select stalwartness, Individual Size moderate, without the P. kingianum of damage by disease and insect as rhizome cutting propagation material, stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared; Propagating materials is the time of the year when autumn changes into winter collect block root in P. kingianum resting stage, and indoor sand is hidden, and temperature controls below 6 DEG C, and humidity keeps moisture state, takes out rhizome cutting propagation at the beginning of 3 months coming year;
B. the source of ash and preparation: ash is collect farmers' to light a fire the fire ash that the fire ash of cooking and staying or agricultural crop straw fire, and spilling content is 50ppm rooting powder solution, and consumption is that every 10 kilograms of ash add 1.5-2.5, mixes thoroughly stand-by;
C. the construction of plastic tunnel and seedling bed: build booth, canopy height 2.5m, wide 4.5m; Nursery bedside 1.2m;
D. the process of nursery soil: based on original seedbed soil, every square metre of powder of carbendazim adding 4-5kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 3g85%, digs to mix and evenly shakeouts bonnet mulch film and fumigate 10-15 days, take off film and plant seedling;
E. bed surface opens the degree of depth is 6cm ditch, and the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of the sealwort propagating materials cut; The density of putting being 12cm × 15cm by seeding row spacing is sowed, after planting earthing on sealwort propagating materials, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable.
F. nursery stage management is to keep temperature, moisture and to weed a garden, and soil temperature remains on 15-25 DEG C, and soil moisture keeps moisture state for degree; Weed a garden in time, keep bed surface to clean;
G. treat between 6 ~ July, after seedling grows, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether;
H. selection of land wholely: plant the moistening fertile woodland ground of P. kingianum selection and comparison or mountain region, require without ponding, fertile with soil property, the loose sand being rich in detritus, by soil deep tillage 30-40cm wholely, when field plough turns over, farmyard manure 2000kg executed by every mu of need, evenly applies Tu Mianshang, then ploughs deeply 30cm, loam is fully mixed, then carry out leveling rake thin after wait to broadcast;
I. transplant: transplant to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800m area, then before time of the year when autumn changes into winter or next spring, sealwort resting stage transplants in the land for growing field crops furrow that step h chooses, furrow face width 1.5m, first on every mu of furrow face, general calcium 50kg and composite fertilizer 50kg is executed during plantation seedling, cover fine earth and can plant seedling, seedling plant density is 12cm × 15cm, the fine earth of 2cm is added a cover after under seedling kind, every mu of seedling cultivation is in 8000 strain-10000 strains, plant after 3 years, fall annual November after seedling and excavate, dry or dry and be medicinal material.
embodiment 2: open country stripping and slicing nursery, transplants the area to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800 m
A. in the area of height above sea level 2000 ~ 2200m, selection soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter more than 4%, if the fertile hypodynamic well-rotted farmyard manure that applies supplements, pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0, irrigation and drainage easily level land or ground, gentle slope carry out nursery, and soil property is loam, sandy loam and forest humus.
B. open country stripping and slicing nursery, carries out by the end of February; When stripping and slicing nursery Autumn Rain the previous year reduces, deep ploughing teds soil, and weed a garden residue; In small, broken bitsly before nursery at the beginning of 2 months next years to level land; Reason railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face width 120cm, high 15 ~ 20cm, railway carriage or compartment surrounding is high 2 ~ 3cm, furrow width 35cm; Every square metre of powder of carbendazim applying 3g85%, mixes evenly with soil and covers light-transmissive film, promote weed growth, remove when nursery kind.
C. take out the P. kingianum stem tuber that winter dormancy stores, stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared.
D. before putting stem tuber, film weeding is taken off, leveling face, railway carriage or compartment; It is 6cm ditch that the degree of depth is opened in face, railway carriage or compartment, and by the sealwort propagating materials segment cut, the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of section; The seeding row spacing putting density is 12cm × 15cm, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable.
E.6-8 between the moon, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether; Depending on weeds in field situation, to weed a garden, weak seedling, sick seedling.
F.11, at the beginning of the 3 months last ten-days period moon to coming year, P. kingianum resting stage transplants to land for growing field crops.
embodiment 3: open country stripping and slicing nursery, transplants the area to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800 m
A. in the area of height above sea level 2000 ~ 2200m, selection soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter more than 4%, applies well-rotted farmyard manure, regulate the pH value 5.5 ~ 7.0 of soil if fertile hypodynamic, select irrigation and drainage to carry out nursery in level land or ground, gentle slope easily, soil property is loam, sandy loam and forest humus.
B. open country stripping and slicing nursery, carries out by the end of February; When stripping and slicing nursery Autumn Rain the previous year reduces, deep ploughing teds soil, and weed a garden residue; In small, broken bitsly before nursery at the beginning of 2 months next years to level land; Reason railway carriage or compartment, railway carriage or compartment face width 120cm, high 15 ~ 20cm, railway carriage or compartment surrounding is high 2 ~ 3cm, furrow width 35cm; Every square metre of powder of carbendazim applying 3g85%, mixes evenly with soil and covers light-transmissive film, promote weed growth, remove when nursery kind.
C. take out the P. kingianum stem tuber that winter dormancy stores, stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared.
D. before putting stem tuber, film weeding is taken off, leveling face, railway carriage or compartment; It is 6cm ditch that the degree of depth is opened in face, railway carriage or compartment, and by the sealwort propagating materials segment cut, the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of section; The seeding row spacing putting density is 12cm × 15cm, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable.
E.6-8 between the moon, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether; Depending on weeds in field situation, to weed a garden, weak seedling, sick seedling.
F.12 at the beginning of the moon, P. kingianum resting stage gets seedling and stores, and keeps storage humidity moderate, transplants to land for growing field crops at the beginning of 3 months coming year.
embodiment 4: breeding and seedling nursing with equipment, transplants the area to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800 m
A. in the area of height above sea level 2000 ~ 2200m, seedling raising greenhouse facility is built.Canopy height 2.5m, wide 4.5m; Nursery bedside 1.2m, bed is long not to be limit.
B. the process of nursery soil: based on original seedbed soil, every square metre of powder of carbendazim adding 4-5kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 3g85%, digs to mix and evenly shakeouts bonnet light-transmissive film stifling 20 days, put stem tuber after taking off membrane removal weeds.
C. take out the P. kingianum stem tuber that winter dormancy stores, stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared.
D. before putting stem tuber, film weeding is taken off, leveling face, railway carriage or compartment; It is 6cm ditch that the degree of depth is opened in face, railway carriage or compartment, and by the sealwort propagating materials segment cut, the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of section; The seeding row spacing putting density is 12cm × 15cm, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable.
E.6-8 between the moon, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether; Depending on weeds in field situation, to weed a garden, weak seedling, sick seedling.
F.12 at the beginning of the moon, P. kingianum resting stage gets seedling and stores, and keeps storage humidity moderate, transplants to land for growing field crops at the beginning of 3 months coming year.
This method is in Yulong county of Lijiang County In Yunnan Province city and the test application of two places, Yongsheng County, plant 1000 mu, result of practical application shows: this method is to raising P. kingianum reproduction rate, keep the merit of P. kingianum provenance, nurturing staff effect is obvious, plant 3 years every per mu yield about fresh goods 1500kg afterwards, amount to dry product about 350 kilograms, the yield and quality of P. kingianum is improved a lot.
Claims (5)
1. improve a seedling-cultivating method for P. kingianum reproduction rate, it is characterized in that, this seedling-cultivating method is specific as follows:
A. select stalwartness, Individual Size moderate, without the P. kingianum of damage by disease and insect as rhizome cutting propagation material, stripping and slicing length 1.5-2.0cm, section is smooth, and smears with the ash prepared;
B. the source of ash and preparation: ash is collect farmers' to light a fire the fire ash that the fire ash of cooking and staying or agricultural crop straw fire, and spilling content is 50ppm rooting powder solution, mixes thoroughly stand-by;
C. the construction of plastic tunnel and seedling bed: build booth, canopy height 2.5m, wide 4.5m; Nursery bedside 1.2m;
D. the process of nursery soil: based on original seedbed soil, every square metre of powder of carbendazim adding 4-5kg well-rotted farmyard manure and 3g85%, digs to mix and evenly shakeouts bonnet mulch film and fumigate 10-15 days, take off film and plant seedling;
E. bed surface opens the degree of depth is 6cm ditch, and the ash prepared is smeared at the two ends of the sealwort propagating materials cut; The density of putting being 12cm × 15cm by seeding row spacing is sowed, after planting earthing on sealwort propagating materials, and thickness of earth covering 2.5cm, waters permeable;
F. nursery stage management is to keep temperature, moisture and to weed a garden, and soil temperature remains on 15-25 DEG C, and soil moisture keeps moisture state for degree; Weed a garden in time, keep bed surface to clean;
G. treat between 6 ~ July, after seedling grows, every mu spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20kg, use 2 ~ 3 times altogether;
H. selection of land wholely: plant the moistening fertile woodland ground of P. kingianum selection and comparison or mountain region, require without ponding, fertile with soil property, the loose sand being rich in detritus;
I. transplant: transplant to height above sea level 2000 ~ 2800m area, then before time of the year when autumn changes into winter or next spring, sealwort resting stage transplants in the land for growing field crops furrow that step h chooses.
2. the seedling-cultivating method of raising P. kingianum reproduction rate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the propagating materials described in step a is the time of the year when autumn changes into winter collect block root in P. kingianum resting stage, indoor sand is hidden, temperature controls below 6 DEG C, and humidity keeps moisture state, takes out rhizome cutting propagation at the beginning of 3 months coming year.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of raising P. kingianum reproduction rate according to claim 1, is characterized in that, spills rooting powder solution described in step b, and its consumption is that every 10 kilograms of ash add 1.5-2.5L.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of raising P. kingianum reproduction rate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described in step h is by more than soil deep tillage 30cm wholely, when field plough turns over, farmyard manure 2000kg executed by every mu of need, evenly apply Tu Mianshang, plough deeply 30cm again, loam fully mixed, then carry out leveling rake thin after wait to broadcast.
5. the seedling-cultivating method of raising P. kingianum reproduction rate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, furrow face width 1.5m described in step I, first executes general calcium 50kg and composite fertilizer 50kg during plantation seedling, covers fine earth and can plant seedling on every mu of furrow face, seedling plant density is 12cm × 15cm, add a cover the fine earth of 2cm after under seedling kind, every mu of seedling cultivation, in 8000 strain-10000 strains, is planted after 3 years, fall annual November after seedling and excavate, dry or dry and be medicinal material.
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| CN105284410A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | 普洱南药庄园科技有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum tuber propagating and growing method |
| CN105706703A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-29 | 普洱天意植物开发有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum planting method |
| CN105917877A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-07 | 大理为民中草药种植有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum root stem height segment breeding method |
| CN111567174A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南省农业生物技术研究所 | Soil treatment substance and method for removing weed seed bank in liliaceae traditional Chinese medicinal material field by using same |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105284410A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-02-03 | 普洱南药庄园科技有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum tuber propagating and growing method |
| CN105706703A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-29 | 普洱天意植物开发有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum planting method |
| CN105917877A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-09-07 | 大理为民中草药种植有限公司 | Polygonatum kingianum root stem height segment breeding method |
| CN105917877B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2020-01-24 | 大理大学 | Polygonatum kingianum rhizome high-degree cutting breeding method |
| CN111567174A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-08-25 | 湖南省农业生物技术研究所 | Soil treatment substance and method for removing weed seed bank in liliaceae traditional Chinese medicinal material field by using same |
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Application publication date: 20150930 |
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