CN104381002A - Method of planting vegetables in high-altitude lands - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of planting vegetables in high-altitude lands and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The method includes the steps of selecting a land, preparing the land, applying fertilizers, treating seeds, soaking the seeds to accelerate germination, determining a seeding time, performing seeding, performing temperature and humidity management, performing fertilizer and water management, performing field planting, performing field management, and controlling diseases and pests. By the use of the method, the problem that foot safety of vegetables planted by existing common vegetable planting methods is below standards due to pesticide residue or application of chemical fertilizers is solved.

Description

The implantation methods of mountain vegetables

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, especially a kind of implantation methods of mountain vegetables.

Background technology

The food-safety problem of China is comparatively severe, and the abuse of various agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, agrochemical makes the people be very worried to food-safety problem, and therefore, pollution-free food is welcomed by the people more and more; In the mountain uncontaminated vegetable base of height above sea level more than 600 meters, possess the advantages such as soil is fertile, benign climate, geographical conditions are superior, in the pure green of vegetables, pollution-free of mountain vegetables base plantation, in recent years, mountain vegetables is more and more subject to liking of people; At present, the vegetables that market is sold are all adopt general implantation methods plantation, chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc. is used in the planting process of whole vegetables, at vegetable surface inevitably more residual agricultural chemicals after ripe harvesting, these all can have a negative impact to the healthy of people, obviously, the quality of vegetables that general implantation methods is planted out cannot reach the food security standard of the higher crowd of quality of life.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of implantation methods of mountain vegetables, it can solve and adopt the vegetables of the implantation methods of general vegetables plantation because of residue of pesticide or the substandard problem of food security using chemical fertilizer existence at present.

In order to solve the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

The implantation methods of this mountain vegetables, comprises the following steps:

A, plough and select: mountain vegetables plantation should select deep, loose fertile, the sandy soil that irrigation and drainage are good of plow layer or loam, pH value between 5.0 ~ 6.5, upper irrigation and drainage terraced fields in flakes easily in fertility; Milpa towards, the positive vegetables of happiness can be planted in general Dong Po, Nan Po, slope, the southeast, and Northeast Slope can plant the negative vegetables of happiness;

B, whole with fertilising: the field of cultivation will be ploughed deeply, and makes zanjon height furrow, generally connects wide 1.2O rice ~ 1.4 meter of ditch furrow, furrow ditch depth 0.25 meter ~ 0.3 meter; Whole ground simultaneously, trench digging in the middle of furrow, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500 kilograms ~ 3000 kilograms, fertilizer primary raw material is sheep excrement after fermentation, cow dung;

C, colza process: first want select seed, choose the seed of decontamination and fragmentation, sick insect bite evil, before sowing, tan by the sun 1 ~ 2 day under sunshine; Secondly seed is carried out disinfection;

D, presoaking and germinating: the seed soaking needed for different vegetable kind is different from germination time and suitable germination temperature, general temperature remains on 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, in presprouting of seeds process, seed to be stirred every day and with warm water washing 2 ~ 3 times, make seed fully obtain oxygen and thermally equivalent and meet its needs to moisture, when seed has 60% ~ 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, answer sowing in time;

E, sowing time are determined: the sowing time that each kind of mountain vegetables is suitable, mainly should according to the supply phase of this kind product, fertility, picking time length, grow and the requirement, preceding crop etc. of environmental condition comprehensively analyzed, determined;

F, sowing: the seed of vernalization is sowed in off-the-shelf seedbed or seedling-cultivation plate, sufficient seedbed Di Shui to be watered prior to seeding, broadcast rear covering Nutrition Soil 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre, and mulching straw with put up plastics Small plastic shed, seedling throws off straw in seedbed after being unearthed in time;

G, temperature and humidity management: according to growth of seedling and Changes in weather situation, film will be taken off by plastics Small plastic shed and ventilate or plastic film covering, regulate temp. and humidity in canopy, by day during temperature height, film or the intermediate film at Small plastic shed two to be opened in time, carry out aeration-cooling, prevent hyperthermal injury seedling; At dusk or will film thermal insulating be covered the lower period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, prevent from low temperature and drench with rain hindering seedling; When running into cold snap, also need to add a cover straw screen or mat or add a cover thin film and sunshade net insulation again; Before dividing seedling, temperature will drop to 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, carries out hardening, and the seedling-slowing stage temperature after point seedling will keep 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C;

H, rich water quality management: vegetable sprout term waters too much unsuitable, need water when surface, seedbed is seen white; Nursery in spring will be watered before midday afterwards at fine day, and summer high temperature nursery will be watered in the morning or at dusk; To see in nursery that seedling topdresses, water with the aqueous solution of 0.3% ~ 0.5% compound fertilizer

I, field planting: rice shoot before field planting 1 week, be about to begin hardening; 2 ~ 3 days Small plastic shed not cover film before field planting; Sufficient water is watered in field planting first 1 day seedbed; To soil be with during lifting, reduce root system damage as far as possible; Rational close planting, every mu of strain number of planting is decided by breediness, planting type, the field rich water situation of various vegetables, same vegetable variety, and at fertile soil, strain number is planted in plot that irrigation conditions is good should be suitably less; Grasp the depth of planting, plant excessively dark, new root system difficulty occurs, and easily causes stiff seedling, plants excessively shallow, and during soil drought, easily make top adventitious root and the withered death of side root, therefore suitable cropping depth is conducive to rice shoot and survives; Water root manure water, after field planting, pour into planting pit with 5% ~ 6% rare people's of becoming thoroughly decomposed liquid manure, early slow seedling;

J, field management: should cover furrow face with grass in time after field planting, every mu, with green grass about 1500 kilograms, in seedling stage, litters adjustable soil temperature and humidity, promotes crop root growth, early slow seedling; At hot-dry season, litter and can reduce ground temperature and be beneficial to crop root growth, also have water conservation, prevent soil rain drop erosion and soil compaction, keep loosing soil, fertilizer conservation, reduce weeds, grass can increase soil nutrient after rotting; Can covering with plastic film when having ready conditions, during spreading, cultivating bed is made turtleback shape, in the middle of furrow, the tip is high, and both sides are slightly low, and cultivation cave place grave sternly compresses;

K, diseases and pests controlling: the mountain vegetables extermination of disease and insect pest takes the comprehensive preventive health measuress such as agricultural, physics, biology, take the selection disease-resistant variety of agricultural, seed disinfection, efficent rotation, clean rural area, applying organic manure, prune in time, extract the prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as disease leaf.

Owing to have employed technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:

1, the present invention is at the high mountain planting vegetable of height above sea level more than 600 meters, and in planting process not to fertilize, the vegetables of producing are nuisanceless, guarantees that mountain vegetables reaches the standard of pollution-free food;

2, the present invention mountain vegetables in planting process prevention and elimination of disease and pests time do not spray insecticide, but the measure such as physics, biology of employing, mountain vegetables non agricultural chemical residuum when ensureing harvesting.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further described:

The implantation methods of this mountain vegetables, comprises the following steps:

A, plough and select: mountain vegetables plantation should select deep, loose fertile, the sandy soil that irrigation and drainage are good of plow layer or loam, pH value between 5.0 ~ 6.5, upper irrigation and drainage terraced fields in flakes easily in fertility; Milpa towards, the positive vegetables of happiness can be planted in general Dong Po, Nan Po, slope, the southeast, and Northeast Slope can plant the negative vegetables of happiness;

B, whole with fertilising: the field of cultivation will be ploughed deeply, and makes zanjon height furrow, generally connect ditch furrow wide 1.2 meters ~ 1.4 meters, furrow ditch depth 0.25 meter ~ 0.3 meter; Whole ground simultaneously, trench digging in the middle of furrow, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500 kilograms ~ 3000 kilograms, fertilizer primary raw material is sheep excrement after fermentation, cow dung;

C, colza process: first want select seed, choose the seed of decontamination and fragmentation, sick insect bite evil, before sowing, tan by the sun 1 ~ 2 day under sunshine; Secondly seed is carried out disinfection;

D, presoaking and germinating: the seed soaking needed for different vegetable kind is different from germination time and suitable germination temperature, general temperature remains on 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, in presprouting of seeds process, seed to be stirred every day and with warm water washing 2 ~ 3 times, make seed fully obtain oxygen and thermally equivalent and meet its needs to moisture, when seed has 60% ~ 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, answer sowing in time;

E, sowing time are determined: the sowing time that each kind of mountain vegetables is suitable, mainly should according to the supply phase of this kind product, fertility, picking time length, grow and the requirement, preceding crop etc. of environmental condition comprehensively analyzed, determined;

F, sowing: the seed of vernalization is sowed in off-the-shelf seedbed or seedling-cultivation plate, sufficient seedbed Di Shui to be watered prior to seeding, broadcast rear covering Nutrition Soil 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre, and mulching straw with put up plastics Small plastic shed, seedling throws off straw in seedbed after being unearthed in time;

G, temperature and humidity management: according to growth of seedling and Changes in weather situation, film will be taken off by plastics Small plastic shed and ventilate or plastic film covering, regulate temp. and humidity in canopy, by day during temperature height, film or the intermediate film at Small plastic shed two to be opened in time, carry out aeration-cooling, prevent hyperthermal injury seedling; At dusk or will film thermal insulating be covered the lower period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, prevent from low temperature and drench with rain hindering seedling; When running into cold snap, also need to add a cover straw screen or mat or add a cover thin film and sunshade net insulation again; Before dividing seedling, temperature will drop to 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, carries out hardening, and the seedling-slowing stage temperature after point seedling will keep 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C;

H, rich water quality management: vegetable sprout term waters too much unsuitable, need water when surface, seedbed is seen white; Nursery in spring will be watered before midday afterwards at fine day, and summer high temperature nursery will be watered in the morning or at dusk; To see in nursery that seedling topdresses, water with the aqueous solution of 0.3% ~ 0.5% compound fertilizer

I, field planting: rice shoot before field planting 1 week, be about to begin hardening; 2 ~ 3 days Small plastic shed not cover film before field planting; Sufficient water is watered in field planting first 1 day seedbed; To soil be with during lifting, reduce root system damage as far as possible; Rational close planting, every mu of strain number of planting is decided by breediness, planting type, the field rich water situation of various vegetables, same vegetable variety, and at fertile soil, strain number is planted in plot that irrigation conditions is good should be suitably less; Grasp the depth of planting, plant excessively dark, new root system difficulty occurs, and easily causes stiff seedling, plants excessively shallow, and during soil drought, easily make top adventitious root and the withered death of side root, therefore suitable cropping depth is conducive to rice shoot and survives; Water root manure water, after field planting, pour into planting pit with 5% ~ 6% rare people's of becoming thoroughly decomposed liquid manure, early slow seedling;

J, field management: should cover furrow face with grass in time after field planting, every mu, with green grass about 1500 kilograms, in seedling stage, litters adjustable soil temperature and humidity, promotes crop root growth, early slow seedling; At hot-dry season, litter and can reduce ground temperature and be beneficial to crop root growth, also have water conservation, prevent soil rain drop erosion and soil compaction, keep loosing soil, fertilizer conservation, reduce weeds, grass can increase soil nutrient after rotting; Can covering with plastic film when having ready conditions, during spreading, cultivating bed is made turtleback shape, in the middle of furrow, the tip is high, and both sides are slightly low, and cultivation cave place grave sternly compresses;

K, diseases and pests controlling: the mountain vegetables extermination of disease and insect pest takes the comprehensive preventive health measuress such as agricultural, physics, biology, take the selection disease-resistant variety of agricultural, seed disinfection, efficent rotation, clean rural area, applying organic manure, prune in time, extract the prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as disease leaf.

Claims (1)

1. an implantation methods for mountain vegetables, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

A, plough and select: mountain vegetables plantation should select deep, loose fertile, the sandy soil that irrigation and drainage are good of plow layer or loam, pH value between 5.0 ~ 6.5, upper irrigation and drainage terraced fields in flakes easily in fertility; Milpa towards, the positive vegetables of happiness can be planted in general Dong Po, Nan Po, slope, the southeast, and Northeast Slope can plant the negative vegetables of happiness;

B, whole with fertilising: the field of cultivation will be ploughed deeply, and makes zanjon height furrow, generally connects wide 1.2O rice ~ 1.4 meter of ditch furrow, furrow ditch depth 0.25 meter ~ 0.3 meter; Whole ground simultaneously, trench digging in the middle of furrow, every mu of organic fertilizer 1500 kilograms ~ 3000 kilograms, fertilizer primary raw material is sheep excrement after fermentation, cow dung;

C, colza process: first want select seed, choose the seed of decontamination and fragmentation, sick insect bite evil, before sowing, tan by the sun 1 ~ 2 day under sunshine; Secondly seed is carried out disinfection;

D, presoaking and germinating: the seed soaking needed for different vegetable kind is different from germination time and suitable germination temperature, general temperature remains on 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, in presprouting of seeds process, seed to be stirred every day and with warm water washing 2 ~ 3 times, make seed fully obtain oxygen and thermally equivalent and meet its needs to moisture, when seed has 60% ~ 70% to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, answer sowing in time;

E, sowing time are determined: the sowing time that each kind of mountain vegetables is suitable, mainly should according to the supply phase of this kind product, fertility, picking time length, grow and the requirement, preceding crop etc. of environmental condition comprehensively analyzed, determined;

F, sowing: the seed of vernalization is sowed in off-the-shelf seedbed or seedling-cultivation plate, sufficient seedbed Di Shui to be watered prior to seeding, broadcast rear covering Nutrition Soil 0.5 centimetre ~ 1 centimetre, and mulching straw with put up plastics Small plastic shed, seedling throws off straw in seedbed after being unearthed in time;

G, temperature and humidity management: according to growth of seedling and Changes in weather situation, film will be taken off by plastics Small plastic shed and ventilate or plastic film covering, regulate temp. and humidity in canopy, by day during temperature height, film or the intermediate film at Small plastic shed two to be opened in time, carry out aeration-cooling, prevent hyperthermal injury seedling; At dusk or will film thermal insulating be covered the lower period of the day from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m, prevent from low temperature and drench with rain hindering seedling; When running into cold snap, also need to add a cover straw screen or mat or add a cover thin film and sunshade net insulation again; Before dividing seedling, temperature will drop to 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, carries out hardening, and the seedling-slowing stage temperature after point seedling will keep 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C;

H, rich water quality management: vegetable sprout term waters too much unsuitable, need water when surface, seedbed is seen white; Nursery in spring will be watered before midday afterwards at fine day, and summer high temperature nursery will be watered in the morning or at dusk; To see in nursery that seedling topdresses, water with the aqueous solution of 0.3% ~ 0.5% compound fertilizer

I, field planting: rice shoot before field planting 1 week, be about to begin hardening; 2 ~ 3 days Small plastic shed not cover film before field planting; Sufficient water is watered in field planting first 1 day seedbed; To soil be with during lifting, reduce root system damage as far as possible; Rational close planting, every mu of strain number of planting is decided by breediness, planting type, the field rich water situation of various vegetables, same vegetable variety, and at fertile soil, strain number is planted in plot that irrigation conditions is good should be suitably less; Grasp the depth of planting, plant excessively dark, new root system difficulty occurs, and easily causes stiff seedling, plants excessively shallow, and during soil drought, easily make top adventitious root and the withered death of side root, therefore suitable cropping depth is conducive to rice shoot and survives; Water root manure water, after field planting, pour into planting pit with 5% ~ 6% rare people's of becoming thoroughly decomposed liquid manure, early slow seedling;

J, field management: should cover furrow face with grass in time after field planting, every mu, with green grass about 1500 kilograms, in seedling stage, litters adjustable soil temperature and humidity, promotes crop root growth, early slow seedling; At hot-dry season, litter and can reduce ground temperature and be beneficial to crop root growth, also have water conservation, prevent soil rain drop erosion and soil compaction, keep loosing soil, fertilizer conservation, reduce weeds, grass can increase soil nutrient after rotting; Can covering with plastic film when having ready conditions, during spreading, cultivating bed is made turtleback shape, in the middle of furrow, the tip is high, and both sides are slightly low, and cultivation cave place grave sternly compresses;

K, diseases and pests controlling: the mountain vegetables extermination of disease and insect pest takes the comprehensive preventive health measuress such as agricultural, physics, biology, take the selection disease-resistant variety of agricultural, seed disinfection, efficent rotation, clean rural area, applying organic manure, prune in time, extract the prophylactico-therapeutic measuress such as disease leaf.