CN108566869A

CN108566869A - A kind of cultural method of ginseng

Info

Publication number: CN108566869A
Application number: CN201810264054.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 扶兵桃
Original assignee: Specialized Cultivation Cooperative Of Chinese Medicinal Herbs In Lengshuijiang City
Current assignee: Specialized Cultivation Cooperative Of Chinese Medicinal Herbs In Lengshuijiang City
Priority date: 2018-03-29
Filing date: 2018-03-29
Publication date: 2018-09-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of ginseng, for the present invention during raising ginseng seedlings, special matrix is spread on the surface layer of nursery so that the germination percentage of seed is high, and the growth of seedling speed after germination is fast, and seedling is healthy and strong, and the survival rate of transplanting is high；On selected crop field plot, while using sufficient conventional base fertilizer, soil conditioner has been increased, then it is ploughing deeply, bedding, ensure that the seedling transplanted in due course, seedling-slowing stage is short, survival rate is high, and the pest and disease damage incidence in entire growth period is low, simultaneously, the present invention makes full use of the vacant lot in forest land, three-dimensional is cultivated, and scientific management has the characteristics that small investment, high efficiency.

Description

A kind of cultural method of ginseng

Technical field

The present invention relates to Chinese medicine field of planting, the more particularly to cultural method of ginseng.

Background technology

Ginseng, herbaceos perennial like the weather of shady and cool moistening, and with pilose antler, sedge simultaneously claims " northeast Triratna ".By It is stringenter for the requirement of the environmental conditions such as daylight, moisture, soil, temperature in this plant of ginseng, thus growth scope compares It is narrow, as to the excessive excavation of wild ginseng, the forest reserves seriously destroy, and the resource of wild ginseng is reduced year by year, in recent years Disappearance in imminent danger, development Ginseng under Forest are the effective ways for restoring wild ginseng resource.

Invention content

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cultural method of ginseng, the present invention makes full use of slash, three-dimensional Cultivation, kind shoot survival percent is high, good in economic efficiency.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：

A kind of cultural method of ginseng, includes the following steps：

(1) selection of land：For growth selection under the wildwood of 600-900 meters of height above sea level, slope aspect selects southeast slope, north slope or northwest Slope, 10-25 ° of the gradient select the stage casing on slope to plant；Soil requires that level of ground water is relatively low, not waterlogging, select yellow ground humus soil, Black sand humus soil or sandy soil, the humus content of the soil >=3.5%, soil pH value 5.5-6.5, soil subsoil are yellow viscous Soil, middle level are loess living, and table soil is fertile soil, and thickness of soil reaches 7cm or more, thereon at least litter of 4cm；

(2) site preparation：Hayashishita weeds and influence illumination 1m bushes below are all cut off, planning clay after clear woods is pressed Physical relief determines nursery and plants ginseng region, and plantation interband retains the isolation strip 30-50cm, and vegetation retains；

(3) nursery：The matrix of 10-15cm thickness is spread on seedbed surface layer, the furrow for making width 0.5-0.7m after raking wait broadcasting, and select 4 years The raw above ginseng, late May, which blooms, to be acquired after 7 the end of month maturations, and the ginseng seed being collected removes pericarp and pulp as early as possible, is washed with clear water Totally, the big grain of the screening full fresh color of fruit carries out germination treatment；Ginseng seeds are after planting pressed with sandy soil using bunch planting 1.5-2cm thickness covers, and ginseng bed is covered with film, and covering bed surface with straw presses straw, when seed hair tooth rate reaches 35% Awning is built, film taking-up, which is pressed straw, has protected moisture, and drying watering in time in nursery obtains seedling；

(4) it transplants：Ginseng seedling will select garden wing, and epidermis does not have spot, and without broken skin, brood cell's form is complete, and color and luster is new Fresh, slender to have two legs, length 9-12cm, ginseng bed answers timely mulching straw after transplanting, in order to prevent arid and because topsoil is dry Firmly；15-30 days before planting, decomposed farm manure 1500-2500kg, calcium superphosphate 10-15kg, urea 8-10kg, sulfuric acid are applied per acre Potassium 15-20kg, soil conditioner 10-13kg, make base fertilizer, while being uniformly sprinkled into quick lime, spread 40-50kg per acre；

(5) it is managed after planting：

A weeds with a hoe：On April, the middle ten days, brood cell's cracking will throw off covering when growing up, harrow loose table soil, an animal-drawn seed plough immediately Flat furrow face will weed with a hoe for 5-6 times during fertility, before the 1st inferior to emergence, loosen furrow face table soil, abolish it is hardened, to improve Soil temperature is advantageous to emerge；2nd time in Qi Miaohou；3rd time before flowering；The 4th is in first fruiting period；The 5th carries out before and after fruit is ripe, 6 years raw seedlings must also be increased 1-2 times and be weeded with a hoe before it will harvest, yield is improved with profit, weeds with a hoe every time, is sure not to hinder Root and brood cell, otherwise influence yield and quality；

B defloration flower buds：In 5 months, last ten-days period ginseng do not bloom before by bud pinch fall, when bennet grow 5cm when, 1/ from bennet Entire inflorescence is pinched at 3；

C top dressings：After the first tenday period of a month in May neat seedling, ditch width 5cm in conjunction with the position to weed with a hoe more than the ginseng absorption root, with exposing Absorption root is degree；By 2% calcium superphosphate solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea equably pours into ditch, for seep Earthing covers after thoroughly；

D soil moisture managements：In ginseng breeding time, soil moisture content is preferably 50% or so；

E is cold-proof overwintering：Every year before freezing around the Beginning of Winter, upper anti-dry frozen ground in time, thickness about 10cm, in next spring soil thaw to When joining 5cm under root, anti-dry frozen ground is removed.

Preferably, the matrix is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Thin 10-15 parts of sawdust, tabacco straw particle 10- 15 parts, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of edible fungus culturing waste material, 5-6 parts of camellia seed meal, 20-25 parts of vermiculite, rural area soil 30-25 Part.

Beneficial effects of the present invention：For the present invention during raising ginseng seedlings, special matrix is spread on the surface layer of nursery, is made The germination percentage for obtaining seed is high, and the growth of seedling speed after germination is fast, and seedling is healthy and strong, and the survival rate of transplanting is high；Selected big On the block of field, while using sufficient conventional base fertilizer, soil conditioner is increased, has then been ploughed deeply, bedding, ensure that and transplant in due course Seedling, seedling-slowing stage is short, and survival rate is high, and the pest and disease damage incidence in entire growth period is low, meanwhile, the present invention makes full use of the sky in forest land Ground, three-dimensional cultivation, scientific management have the characteristics that small investment, high efficiency.

Specific implementation mode

Below by specific implementation mode, the present invention is described in further detail.

Embodiment 1

This programme includes (1) selection of land, (2) site preparation, (3) nursery, (4) are transplanted, (5) manage after planting.

(1) selection of land：Growth selection selects the southeast slope of 20 ° of the gradient, selects in slope under the wildwood of 600 meters of height above sea level Section plantation；Soil property is black sand humus soil, and the humus content of the soil >=3.5%, soil pH value 5.5-6.5, thickness of soil reaches To 7cm or more, at least litter of 4cm thereon；

(2) site preparation：Hayashishita weeds and influence illumination 1m bushes below are all cut off, planning clay after clear woods is pressed Physical relief determines nursery and plants ginseng region, and plantation interband retains the isolation strip 50cm, and vegetation retains；

(3) nursery：Spread the matrix of 10-15cm thickness on seedbed surface layer, the furrow of work width 0.5m wait broadcasting after raking, select life in 4 years with Upper ginseng, late May, which blooms, to be acquired after 7 the end of month maturations, and the ginseng seed being collected removes pericarp and pulp as early as possible, is washed with clear water dry Only, the big grain of the screening full fresh color of fruit carries out germination treatment；Ginseng seeds are after planting pressed with sandy soil using bunch planting 1.5-2cm thickness covers, and ginseng bed is covered with film, and covering bed surface with straw presses straw, when seed hair tooth rate reaches 35% Awning is built, film taking-up, which is pressed straw, has protected moisture, and drying watering in time in nursery obtains seedling；

Matrix is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight：Thin 12 parts of sawdust, 15 parts of tabacco straw particle, 10 parts of plant ash, food With 15 parts of bacteria cultivation waste material, 5 parts of camellia seed meal, 20 parts of vermiculite, 30 parts of rural area soil；

(4) it transplants：Ginseng seedling will select garden wing, and epidermis does not have spot, and without broken skin, brood cell's form is complete, and color and luster is new Fresh, slender to have two legs, length 9-12cm, ginseng bed answers timely mulching straw after transplanting, in order to prevent arid and because topsoil is dry Firmly；It plants first 30 days, applies decomposed farm manure 2200kg, calcium superphosphate 12kg, urea 8kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, soil conditioning per acre Agent 10kg makees base fertilizer, while being uniformly sprinkled into quick lime, spreads 40kg per acre；

(5) it is managed after planting：

B defloration flower buds：In 5 months, last ten-days period ginseng do not bloom before by bud pinch fall, when bennet grow 5cm when, 1/ from bennet Entire inflorescence is pinched at 3；；

Claims

1. a kind of cultural method of ginseng, which is characterized in that include the following steps：

(1) selection of land：For growth selection under the wildwood of 600-900 meters of height above sea level, slope aspect selects southeast slope, north slope or Northwest Slope, slope 10-25 ° of degree, selects the stage casing on slope to plant；Soil requirement level of ground water is relatively low, waterlogging, selection yellow ground humus soil, black sand are rotten Matter soil or sandy soil are grown, the humus content of the soil >=3.5%, soil pH value 5.5-6.5, soil subsoil is yellow clay, in Layer is loess living, and table soil is fertile soil, and thickness of soil reaches 7cm or more, thereon at least litter of 4cm；

(2) site preparation：Hayashishita weeds and influence illumination 1m bushes below are all cut off, planning clay after clear woods, by nature Landform determines nursery and plants ginseng region, and plantation interband retains the isolation strip 30-50cm, and vegetation retains；

(3) nursery：Spread the matrix of 10-15cm thickness on seedbed surface layer, the furrow of work width 0.5-0.7m wait broadcasting after raking, select life in 4 years with Upper ginseng, late May, which blooms, to be acquired after 7 the end of month maturations, and the ginseng seed being collected removes pericarp and pulp as early as possible, is washed with clear water dry Only, the big grain of the screening full fresh color of fruit carries out germination treatment；Ginseng seeds are after planting pressed with sandy soil using bunch planting 1.5-2cm thickness covers, and ginseng bed is covered with film, and covering bed surface with straw presses straw, when seed hair tooth rate reaches 35% Awning is built, film taking-up, which is pressed straw, has protected moisture, and drying watering in time in nursery obtains seedling；

(4) it transplants：Ginseng seedling will select garden wing, and epidermis does not have spot, and without broken skin, brood cell's form is complete, and fresh color is repaiied With two legs, length 9-12cm, ginseng bed answers timely mulching straw after transplanting, in order to prevent arid and because topsoil is stiff；It plants First 15-30 days, decomposed farm manure 1500-2500kg, calcium superphosphate 10-15kg, urea 8-10kg, potassium sulfate 15- were applied per acre 20kg, soil conditioner 10-13kg, make base fertilizer, while being uniformly sprinkled into quick lime, spread 40-50kg per acre；

(5) it is managed after planting：

A weeds with a hoe：On April, the middle ten days, brood cell's cracking will throw off covering when growing up, harrow loose table soil, the flat furrow of an animal-drawn seed plough immediately Face will weed with a hoe for 5-6 times during fertility, before the 1st inferior to emergence, loosen furrow face table soil, abolish it is hardened, to improve soil Temperature is advantageous to emerge；2nd time in Qi Miaohou；3rd time before flowering；The 4th is in first fruiting period；The 5th is in the ripe front and back progress of fruit, to 6 Raw seedling must also increase 1-2 times and weed with a hoe before it will harvest year, improve yield with profit, weed with a hoe every time, be sure not to hinder root And brood cell, otherwise influence yield and quality；

B defloration flower buds：In 5 months, last ten-days period ginseng do not bloom before by bud pinch fall, when bennet grow 5cm when, 1/3 from bennet from Entire inflorescence is pinched；；

C top dressings：After the first tenday period of a month in May neat seedling, ditch width 5cm in conjunction with the position to weed with a hoe more than the ginseng absorption root, to expose absorption Root is degree；By 2% calcium superphosphate solution, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea equably pours into ditch, after to be infiltrated Earthing covers；

E is cold-proof overwintering：Every year before freezing around the Beginning of Winter, upper anti-dry frozen ground, thickness about 10cm thaw in next spring soil to ginseng root in time When lower 5cm, anti-dry frozen ground is removed.

2. the cultural method of ginseng according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the matrix by following parts by weight original Material is made：Thin 10-15 parts of sawdust, 10-15 parts of tabacco straw particle, 8-10 parts of plant ash, 10-15 parts of edible fungus culturing waste material, 5-6 parts of camellia seed meal, 20-25 parts of vermiculite, 30-25 parts of rural area soil.