CN113273464A - Planting method and processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng - Google Patents

Planting method and processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113273464A
CN113273464A CN202110413063.XA CN202110413063A CN113273464A CN 113273464 A CN113273464 A CN 113273464A CN 202110413063 A CN202110413063 A CN 202110413063A CN 113273464 A CN113273464 A CN 113273464A
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China
Prior art keywords
ginseng
mountain
seeds
soil
wild
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CN202110413063.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙仁耀
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Jilin Yixin Technology Co ltd
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Jilin Yixin Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110413063.XA priority Critical patent/CN113273464A/en
Publication of CN113273464A publication Critical patent/CN113273464A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08Immunising seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B31/00Packaging articles or materials under special atmospheric or gaseous conditions; Adding propellants to aerosol containers
    • B65B31/02Filling, closing, or filling and closing, containers or wrappers in chambers maintained under vacuum or superatmospheric pressure or containing a special atmosphere, e.g. of inert gas

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method and a processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng, wherein the planting method comprises the steps of (1) seed treatment, (2) seedling treatment, (3) land selection and preparation, (4) sowing, (5) simulation of illumination, temperature and humidity conditions, (6) field management and (7) harvesting; the processing and storing method comprises the steps of crushing by using a ceramic crushing cutter head in a vacuum state, directly carrying out vacuum packaging and storing after crushing, reducing the infection probability of plant diseases and insect pests, adopting a multilayer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure, not only well simulating a mountain land structure, but also better utilizing space, increasing planting area, simulating conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity, providing a growth environment suitable for ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng as much as possible, accelerating the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng as much as possible, improving the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng, carrying out vacuum packaging after processing in a vacuum environment, and being beneficial to better storage.

Description

Planting method and processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ginseng planting and processing, in particular to a planting method and a processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng.
Background
Ginseng (panaxginngc.a.mey.) is a dried root of ginseng, a perennial herb of the family araliaceae, and usually blooms and fruits for more than 3 years. The traditional Chinese medicine is a rare traditional Chinese medicine which is fond of cool and humid climate and mostly grows in gentle slopes of mountainous regions with small temperature difference between day and night and in wide mixed forests or miscellaneous forests on sloping fields with elevation of 500-1100 meters. Sweet in nature and slightly bitter in taste. Has effects in warming, invigorating qi, promoting salivation, tranquilizing mind, and invigorating qi.
At present, ginseng is mostly planted in mountainous regions or hilly lands, the number of ginseng planted on flat lands is small, the success rate is not high, and the product quality and the economic effect are general.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a planting method and a processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng.
A method for planting ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng comprises the following steps:
(1) seed treatment:
selecting ginseng seeds with full seeds and normal color, wherein the water content of the seeds is at least 14 percent, the frying opening of the seeds is more than 75 percent, and soaking the seeds for 15 minutes by using 700 times of a new high-fat film for disinfection treatment; before sowing, putting ginseng seeds into 800 times of carbendazim solution for soaking for 20-25min, taking out, then soaking in warm water for 40-50min, finally taking out, mixing with seed coating agent, and airing for later use;
(2) seedling culture treatment:
according to the amount of 50g per square meter, scattering nano carbon on greenhouse soil, ploughing the greenhouse soil to mix the nano carbon with the greenhouse soil, irradiating the soil by adopting ultraviolet rays for 3 hours, then ventilating for 2 hours, then manufacturing a seedling bed by adopting the treated soil, placing the seeds treated in the step (1) on the seedling bed in a dibbling mode for cultivation, and controlling the row spacing of dibbling as follows: 5-6cm multiplied by 3-4cm, then cultivating by a conventional method, and cultivating the ginseng seedlings for later use after one year;
(3) land selection and preparation:
adopting a multilayer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure in the greenhouse, wherein the whole ginseng bed is in a tower-shaped structure, paving sandy loam with the pH value of 5-6 on the ginseng bed, covering leaves with the thickness of 5-10 cm for natural decay, ploughing once in 10-15 days, ploughing for 6-8 times, and applying a base fertilizer during the last ploughing; leveling the land, and making a field ridge with the height of 25-35cm and the width of 100-120 cm;
(4) sowing:
selecting ginseng seedlings in 10 months in the next year, soaking roots of the ginseng seedlings in 40% zineb liquid for 15 minutes, sowing the ginseng seedlings in a dibbling mode, wherein the sowing density is 14-16 seeds/row, the row spacing is 3-5cm, the seed entering amount of each seed hole is 4-5 seeds, and then covering fine soil for covering the seeds, and the covering soil thickness is 3-4 cm;
(5) simulating conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity:
covering a transparent film on the greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the transparent film, arranging an illuminating lamp in the greenhouse, arranging a heat-insulating transparent cover outside the illuminating lamp, covering the sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the heat-insulating transparent cover, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse through a temperature detection device, a temperature heater, a ventilation and heat dissipation device and a humidifying device, ensuring that the room temperature is 15-26 ℃ and the humidity is 55% -60%;
(6) field management:
irrigation is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation technology, and weeding, pest control and topdressing are carried out in time;
(7) harvesting:
harvesting Ginseng radix after growing for 7-8 years or transplanting for 5-6 years when stem and leaf wither in 10 months, removing the shed when harvesting, digging out Ginseng radix with two-tooth pickaxe line by line from one end of the furrow, shaking off soil, removing stem and leaf, and grading according to size.
Further, in the step (6), the pest control comprises properly increasing illumination, loosening soil, timely removing diseased plants, and spraying or irrigating with 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution.
Further, in the step (6), a compound fertilizer is adopted during topdressing, and the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of peat soil, 1-2 parts of attapulgite clay, 1-2 parts of rice hull and 16-20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
The invention also provides a processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng, which comprises the steps of crushing by utilizing the ceramic crushing cutter head in a vacuum state, and directly carrying out vacuum packaging and storing after the crushing is finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is simple, sterilization and degerming treatment are carried out on seed treatment and seedling raising treatment, the infection probability of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, a multi-layer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure is adopted, the mountain land structure can be well simulated, the space can be better utilized, the planting area is increased, the conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity are simulated, the growth environment suitable for ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is provided as far as possible, the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is accelerated as far as possible, the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is improved, and vacuum packaging is carried out after vacuum environment processing, so that better storage is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In example 1, this example provides a method for planting ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng, which includes the following steps:
(1) seed treatment:
selecting ginseng seeds with full seeds and normal color, wherein the water content of the seeds is at least 14%, and the frying opening of the seeds is more than 75%, so that the germination rate of the seeds can be better ensured, and soaking the seeds for 15 minutes by using a new high-lipid film 700 times of liquid for disinfection treatment; before sowing, putting ginseng seeds into 800 times of carbendazim solution for soaking for 20-25min, then taking out, then soaking in warm water for 40-50min, finally taking out, mixing with a seed coating agent, and airing for later use, thereby being beneficial to better disinfecting the seeds and reducing the damage of plant diseases and insect pests;
(2) seedling culture treatment:
according to the amount of 50g per square meter, scattering nano carbon on greenhouse soil, ploughing the greenhouse soil to mix the nano carbon with the greenhouse soil, irradiating the soil by adopting ultraviolet rays for 3 hours, then ventilating for 2 hours, then manufacturing a seedling bed by adopting the treated soil, placing the seeds treated in the step (1) on the seedling bed in a dibbling mode for cultivation, and controlling the row spacing of dibbling as follows: 5-6cm multiplied by 3-4cm, then the ginseng is cultivated by a conventional method, the ginseng seedlings are obtained after one year for later use, the nano carbon can effectively improve the insect resistance of the soil, and the ultraviolet rays are used for disinfection;
(3) land selection and preparation:
adopting a multilayer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure in the greenhouse, wherein the whole ginseng bed is in a tower-shaped structure, paving sandy loam with the pH value of 5-6 on the ginseng bed, covering leaves with the thickness of 5-10 cm for natural decay, ploughing once in 10-15 days, ploughing for 6-8 times, and applying a base fertilizer during the last ploughing; leveling the land, and making a field ridge with the height of 25-35cm and the width of 100-120 cm; a multilayer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure is adopted, so that a mountain land structure can be well simulated, and the space can be better utilized;
(4) sowing:
selecting ginseng seedlings in 10 months in the next year, soaking roots of the ginseng seedlings in 40% zineb liquid for 15 minutes, sowing the ginseng seedlings in a dibbling mode, wherein the sowing density is 14-16 seeds/row, the row spacing is 3-5cm, the seed entering amount of each seed hole is 4-5 seeds, and then covering fine soil for covering the seeds, and the covering soil thickness is 3-4 cm; the adopted 40% zineb liquid can play a good role in sterilization, and is beneficial to better reducing the harm of plant diseases and insect pests;
(5) simulating conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity:
covering a transparent film on the greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the transparent film, arranging an illuminating lamp in the greenhouse, arranging a heat-insulating transparent cover outside the illuminating lamp, covering the sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the heat-insulating transparent cover, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse through a temperature detection device, a temperature heater, a ventilation and heat dissipation device and a humidifying device, ensuring that the room temperature is 15-26 ℃ and the humidity is 55% -60%; the yield of the ginseng/the mountain ginseng/the wild ginseng is accelerated as much as possible, and the yield of the ginseng/the mountain ginseng/the wild ginseng is improved;
(6) field management:
irrigation is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation technology, and weeding, pest control and topdressing are carried out in time; the drip irrigation technology saves water resources;
(7) harvesting:
harvesting Ginseng radix after growing for 7-8 years or transplanting for 5-6 years when stem and leaf wither in 10 months, removing the shed when harvesting, digging out Ginseng radix with two-tooth pickaxe line by line from one end of the furrow, shaking off soil, removing stem and leaf, and grading according to size.
In the step (6), the pest control comprises properly increasing illumination, loosening soil, timely removing diseased plants, and spraying or irrigating with 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution. In the step (6), a compound fertilizer is adopted during topdressing, and the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of peat soil, 1-2 parts of attapulgite clay, 1-2 parts of rice hull and 16-20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
The invention also provides a processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng, which comprises the steps of crushing by utilizing the ceramic crushing cutter head in a vacuum state, and directly carrying out vacuum packaging and storing after the crushing is finished.
The method is simple, sterilization and degerming treatment are carried out on seed treatment and seedling raising treatment, the infection probability of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, a multi-layer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure is adopted, the mountain land structure can be well simulated, the space can be better utilized, the planting area is increased, the conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity are simulated, the growth environment suitable for ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is provided as far as possible, the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is accelerated as far as possible, the yield of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is improved, and vacuum packaging is carried out after vacuum environment processing, so that better storage is facilitated.
The present invention and the embodiments thereof have been described above, but the description is not limited thereto, and the embodiment shown is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (4)

1. A method for planting ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed treatment:
selecting ginseng seeds with full seeds and normal color, wherein the water content of the seeds is at least 14 percent, the frying opening of the seeds is more than 75 percent, and soaking the seeds for 15 minutes by using 700 times of a new high-fat film for disinfection treatment; before sowing, putting ginseng seeds into 800 times of carbendazim solution for soaking for 20-25min, taking out, then soaking in warm water for 40-50min, finally taking out, mixing with seed coating agent, and airing for later use;
(2) seedling culture treatment:
according to the amount of 50g per square meter, scattering nano carbon on greenhouse soil, ploughing the greenhouse soil to mix the nano carbon with the greenhouse soil, irradiating the soil by adopting ultraviolet rays for 3 hours, then ventilating for 2 hours, then manufacturing a seedling bed by adopting the treated soil, placing the seeds treated in the step (1) on the seedling bed in a dibbling mode for cultivation, and controlling the row spacing of dibbling as follows: 5-6cm multiplied by 3-4cm, then cultivating by a conventional method, and cultivating the ginseng seedlings for later use after one year;
(3) land selection and preparation:
adopting a multilayer three-dimensional gradient type ginseng bed structure in the greenhouse, wherein the whole ginseng bed is in a tower-shaped structure, paving sandy loam with the pH value of 5-6 on the ginseng bed, covering leaves with the thickness of 5-10 cm for natural decay, ploughing once in 10-15 days, ploughing for 6-8 times, and applying a base fertilizer during the last ploughing; leveling the land, and making a field ridge with the height of 25-35cm and the width of 100-120 cm;
(4) sowing:
selecting ginseng seedlings in 10 months in the next year, soaking roots of the ginseng seedlings in 40% zineb liquid for 15 minutes, sowing the ginseng seedlings in a dibbling mode, wherein the sowing density is 14-16 seeds/row, the row spacing is 3-5cm, the seed entering amount of each seed hole is 4-5 seeds, and then covering fine soil for covering the seeds, and the covering soil thickness is 3-4 cm;
(5) simulating conditions of illumination, temperature and humidity:
covering a transparent film on the greenhouse, arranging a sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the transparent film, arranging an illuminating lamp in the greenhouse, arranging a heat-insulating transparent cover outside the illuminating lamp, covering the sunshade net with the refractive index of 85% -90% outside the heat-insulating transparent cover, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse through a temperature detection device, a temperature heater, a ventilation and heat dissipation device and a humidifying device, ensuring that the room temperature is 15-26 ℃ and the humidity is 55% -60%;
(6) field management:
irrigation is carried out by adopting a drip irrigation technology, and weeding, pest control and topdressing are carried out in time;
(7) harvesting:
harvesting Ginseng radix after growing for 7-8 years or transplanting for 5-6 years when stem and leaf wither in 10 months, removing the shed when harvesting, digging out Ginseng radix with two-tooth pickaxe line by line from one end of the furrow, shaking off soil, removing stem and leaf, and grading according to size.
2. The planting method of ginseng/wild ginseng according to claim 1, wherein the pest control in step (6) comprises properly increasing light, loosening soil, timely removing diseased plants, and spraying or irrigating with 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution.
3. The planting method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), a compound fertilizer is adopted during topdressing, and the compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of amino acid, 1-2 parts of peat soil, 1-2 parts of attapulgite clay, 1-2 parts of rice hull and 16-20 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
4. A method for processing and storing ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng planted by the ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is ground by a ceramic grinding cutter head in a vacuum state, and after grinding is completed, the ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng is directly vacuum-packed and stored.
CN202110413063.XA 2021-04-16 2021-04-16 Planting method and processing and storing method of ginseng/mountain ginseng/wild ginseng Pending CN113273464A (en)

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CN114027065A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-11 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Ginseng plant factory planting and seedling raising system and method
CN114128436A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-04 沈阳药科大学 Gynura bicolor seed, treatment method thereof and planting method of Gynura bicolor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114027065A (en) * 2021-11-05 2022-02-11 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 Ginseng plant factory planting and seedling raising system and method
CN114128436A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-04 沈阳药科大学 Gynura bicolor seed, treatment method thereof and planting method of Gynura bicolor

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Application publication date: 20210820