CN108967100A - A kind of double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice - Google Patents
A kind of double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967100A CN108967100A CN201811134919.4A CN201811134919A CN108967100A CN 108967100 A CN108967100 A CN 108967100A CN 201811134919 A CN201811134919 A CN 201811134919A CN 108967100 A CN108967100 A CN 108967100A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice, belong to agricultural production, mainly comprise the steps that (1) potato no-tillage cultivation: 1. fine variety production；2. trench digging draws furrow；3. potato seed is handled；4. rational close planting uses sufficient base manure；5. mulching straw；6. field management；7. harvest in due course.(2) late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling: 1. variety selection；It is planted 2. nursery is thrown；3. field management: applying fertilizers scientifically, Rational Irrigation, timely weeding prevents and treats pest and disease damage；4. harvest in due course.Method proposed by the present invention has apparent influence to the economy of rice, yield and economic benefit, can significantly increase late rice yield, while having the characteristics that reduce labor intensity, is cost-saving synergistic, increasing both production and income, simple and easy to do.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, time saving, saving of labor and mentioned more particularly to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River one kind
The double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice of high economic benefit.
Background technique
The major impetus of developing agricultural production is to improve productivity effect, improves peasant and plant grain enthusiasm.Potato-is super
The double free-plowing and throwing rice seedlings of rice refer to the no-tillage plantation potato of the Winter paddy field after harvesting using late rice, and the plantation of potato uses plate field straw
Wheat straw mulching cultivation, not plowed soils after potato harvest is no-tillage behind soaked field of directly pouring water to throw a kind of planting die for planting late rice again
Formula.Currently, rural area migrant worker increases, agricultural production increasingly develops to the light direction that simplifies.Ma Ling is planted with usual manner
Potato, sowing, harvest potato are taken a lot of work larger, and easily cause potato damaged, and commodity is poor, such as cold snap, and also
It is be easy to cause freeze injury, harvest time is caused to postpone, benefit is affected.In addition, traditional Rice Production mode it is unsuitable I
The implementation of the requirement of state's agricultural development, light simplified cultivation mode is imperative.Compared with traditional seedling method for transplanting, rice is exempted from
Ploughing and throwing cultivation is one of core technology of conservation tillage, greatly reduces destruction of the Agricultural Activities to environment, has simultaneously
Time saving, saving of labor, save the cost and the advantages that increase economic efficiency, it is difficult in current tradition transplanting rice transplanting, under costly situation, adopt
Throwing cultivation with rice types is a kind of realistic choice.
Potato category Solanaceae herbaceos perennial, stem tuber can be edible, plants extensively in worldwide, China is generation
The most country of boundary's potato total yield.Potato nutritional is comprehensive, and value is high, resistance to storage and period of storage is long, is that rural people's democratic reform is kind
Food configuration, resident carry out the good food of health care.Development and agricultural planting industry structure recently as potato processing industry
Adjustment, set between potato, the autumn and winter make and multiple cropping area constantly expands, potato became already the grain to become more and more important, dish, feed and
The important crop such as process raw material, and has made biggish contribution for growth of agricultural efficiency, increasing peasant income.Rice is the main grain in the whole world
Crop, population of the whole world about more than one third is using rice as staple food.
Rice is the main cereal crops in China, and cultivated area accounts for about the 30% of plant of grain crops area, and yield is about
The half of total output of grain, in the main cereal crops of China, the total output of rice occupies first.Population growth and plough
Sharply under the dual-pressure of reduction, Food Security is on the rise ground area.By the dual limitation in arable land and water resource, uniquely
Approach is that yield is improved by scientific and technological progress, and wherein rice cropping mode is considerable one aspect.
Due to rice types throw plant have many advantages, such as time saving, saving of labor, laborsaving and input and output rate it is high and in national main rice
Area's popularity.In recent years, rice field Winter potato is greatly developed in southern area, but is faced with how to handle potato receipts simultaneously
The kind planting-line left after obtaining, potato haulm and do not rot straw the problems such as.Have in production using burning straw and vines or handle
Straw and vines move away from rice field, and the processing method in plow harrow field of pouring water again, this processing method is not only bad for the soil organism
Accumulation, also will cause atmosphere pollution, it is time-consuming, miss the farming season.The double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice rice,
Zero tillage potato after late rice harvest recycles after potato harvest the kind planting-line left to carry out rice types and throw to plant.It is this
Potato will be dug when implantation methods become traditional potato seed to put potato, harvest at seeding time to be become picking potato, cost saved labour
Recruitment, and potato wedge is not damaged, and color is fresh and tender, and commodity is good.Alleviate In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River double cropping of rice crops for rotation significantly simultaneously
It is connected nervous contradiction, using the straw of sufficient crops for rotation convergence time sufficiently soaked rotted potato haulm and covering, increases
The soil organism is added and soil of having increased fertilizer.It is also equipped with simultaneously and reduces labor intensity, is cost-saving synergistic, increasing both production and income, simple and easy to do
The advantages that, it is a kind of huge light simple cropping pattern of the novel and productive potentialities in southern area.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of time saving, savings of labor and the double no-tillage throwings of the potato-late rice increased economic efficiency
Plant implantation methods, the method for the invention letter make it is easy, can time saving, saving of labor, cost-saving synergistic and increasing both production and income, can improve soil has
Machine matter content, and the nervous contradiction of southern double rice cropping system crops for rotation linking is effectively relieved.
A kind of double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice include the following steps and method:
(1) potato no-tillage cultivation:
1. fine variety production
Ripe in selection, high yield, high-output stress-resistance, disease-free wound detoxification breeding Favorita and Zhongshu No.4.
2. trench digging draws furrow
Field water is drained before late rice harvest, keeps field soil wet, field face is without ponding.Late rice should paste ground as far as possible when harvesting
Harvesting, shallowly stays rice stub.No-tillage point of furrow trench digging is carried out after harvesting immediately, can ditch bedding with ditching machine or manually.Furrow are wide with straw
It is advisable with width of the straw to lid, generally 1.5m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.3m, furrow bank will be directly.The ditch mud dug out will be equably
It is sprinkling upon in furrow face, makes furrow face in turtleback shape, to prevent accumulated water.Away from opening up gutter, furrow width 0.35m, ditch depth at ridge surrounding 1m
0.4m accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates, and meeting drought can fill, and can arrange after rain, it is ensured that field face is without ponding.
3. potato seed is handled
Rotten sick potato wedge is sorted out within 15~20 days before sowing, first with the whole potato of 0.1%~0.15% liquor potassic permanganate before stripping and slicing
Seed soaking 10 minutes, then makes full use of apical dominance, spirally chamfers to top, finally terminal bud is divided into two or one point is
Four.It is required that every piece of potato seed has 1~2 bud eye, guarantee at least one healthy and strong bud of each stripping and slicing, weight is 25~30g.It is general every
Kilogram potato seed cuts 30~40 pieces, and notch is away from bud 1cm or more.Potato knife is cut it is noted that disinfection, dips in notch with plant ash after cutting, then put
2~3d of good airing, until notch, which is hardened after scabbing, carries out vernalization.It is 15~20 DEG C that the potato seed cut, which is placed on temperature, when vernalization
It in indoor or greenhouse, using lamination method vernalization, is stacked in the way of one layer of wet sand, one layer of potato seed, the number of plies is controlled 4~5
Layer, top layer's lid wet sand cover snakeskin bag in wet sand again.Vernalization nursery bed temperature is maintained at 18~20 DEG C.It is long to 1~2cm to bud
When, potato seed taking-up is placed under astigmatism (low temperature for being kept for 10~15 DEG C), and dry in the air 5~7d, can sow.
4. rational close planting uses sufficient base manure
When sowing, it is not required to beat nest, potato wedge only need to be straightened to string pendulum on the soil of field by reality.Line-spacing 33cm, spacing in the rows 22cm,
Per hectare broadcasts 9.75 ten thousand~10.5 ten thousand caves or so.Potassium sulfate (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) compound fertilizer 750kg/hm is used after pendulum kind2,
Disposably make base manure uniformly to spread fertilizer over the fields by the potato seed on compartment face in the ranks.And it is affixed by the organic fertilizers such as sufficiently decomposed pig manure or cow dung
15000~22500kg/hm2, organic fertilizer cannot directly contact potato seed.It is not required to tillage and weeding in potato raw is long-term, also need not
Top dressing, the field on the weak side to growing way can carry out 1~2 root outer spraying with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea solution.
5. mulching straw
After planting 8~10cm of uniform fold straw in furrow face, straw are entire by the sharp overlay grass point covering of, grass vertical with compartment
Compartment face.Per hectare about 1.2 ten thousand kg/hm of straw2, cladding thickness is opaque for degree with furrow face, in favor of knot potato and reduces green potato
Quantity, while playing the role of suppressing weed growth.After rice straw mulching, straw is pressed into several points with ditch mud, it is big to prevent straw
Wind is blown off, is caused potato seed is exposed to form green potato, is reduced quality.
6. field management (water management prevents and treats pest and disease damage, pre- frost protection)
A, water management: potato growth puberty, it is necessary to assure have enough moisture, ground moistening should be kept.If meeting
Upper dry weather should take small water to fill along furrow ditch, make moisture excreting dampness furrow face, drain in time after pouring water.When such as heavy rain, it should be noted that
Drain prevention against water-logging, in order to avoid field ponding and cause rotten potato.
B, it prevents and treats pest and disease damage: preventing and treating late blight, stem rot, bacterial wilt, aphid, cutworm etc. during plant strain growth in time
Pest and disease damage, can use the pesticide controls such as Mancozeb, Bravo, imidacloprid, farmland pleasure, Acetamiprid, and harvest forbids making in first 15 days
With any pesticide.
C, pre- frost protection: such as frosty weather, can dusk on the day before frost arrives, with plant ash spread fertilizer over the fields blade face or
0.2% ZnSO4Solution foliage-spray, can reduce and cause harm.
7. harvest in due course
When cauline leaf by it is green gradually turn yellow turn it is withered when, grape stem and stem tuber are easy to fall off, and stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, when color is normal
Harvest.It, can be whenever and wherever possible on all exposed soil layer below straw of potato overwhelming majority potato wedge of No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation
It according to market conditions, pushs straw aside and first picks up big potato listing (although will affect some yield in this way, benefit is higher), then will
Straw, which covers, leaves small potato by its continued growth, all harvests again after potato set is withered and yellow.This collecting method can select
Best potato type lists in time, and can obtain high yield and bumper harvest, increases economic efficiency.Potato haulm after harvest can be embedded to furrow on the spot
Make rice basal fertilizer in ditch, to reduce fertilizer amount.
(2) late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling
1. soaked field of pouring water
After potato harvest, without any plow harrow of turning over, fill deep water immediately and carry out waterlogged plot, make field potato haulm and
Straw sufficiently rots, and keeps topsoil soft.Use systemics and contact insecticide herbicide mixture within 20 days or so before rice transplanting
It goes out except weeds in field and stubble, 1~2d will be allowed to dry water before spray herbicide, 4~5d after herbicide spraying, after weeds are withered and yellow again
Return water continues soaked field or so.Soil conditioner is sprayed in combination with herbicide simultaneously, generally uses 3000g/hm2" exempting to deep plough " is to water
750~900kg is sprayed on earth's surface.
2. variety selection
The good quality and high output kind that well developed root system, tillering ability are strong, stalk is sturdy, capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong, the Changjiang river are preferably selected in no-tillage field
The super rice varieties such as the II that In The Middle And Lower Reaches may be selected to be suitable for this area's plantation is excellent 527, Ganxin688 and Rong You 225.
It is planted 3. nursery is thrown
Or so mid or late May can carry out sowing seedling, per acre 1.2~2.0kg of sowing quantity.Free-plowing and throwing rice seedling require it is short strengthen it is of the right age
Rice shoot, be allowed to throw plant after stand that seedling is fast, high survival rate, otherwise, rice shoot is excessively high, easily causes top-heavy, is difficult vertical seedling.Preferably press
The sowing of flexible-disc seedling-slinging seedling method, will urge the seed rice of bud, 2 or so are uniformly sown into floppy disk by every hole.Rice shoot two leaves wholeheartedly
When it is spraying with paclobutrazol, prevent excessive growth.The length of time rice seedlings grow preferably controlled within 20 days, can carry out seedling with seedling fertilizer.Basal dressing before planting is thrown,
Throwing and planting density is 27~320,000 caves/hm2.It should throw and plant after cloudy day or fine day 16:00, adhere to that the cloudy day plants without water throwing, fine day is shallow
Water throwing is planted.
4. field management (applies fertilizers scientifically, Rational Irrigation, timely weeding prevents and treats pest and disease damage)
A, apply fertilizers scientifically: Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice is asked there are the enrichment of topsoil early period and later period fertilizer deficiency early ageing phenomenon are serious etc.
Therefore topic will be moved back, the fertilizer practice of later period blade face supplementary fertilizer in fertilizer practice using a small amount of more meal, chemical fertilizer.Per hectare dose
For nitrogen (N) 180~210kg, P2O590~105kg, K2O180~240kg divides base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer to apply three times, phosphorus
Fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied, and nitrogen, potash fertilizer are in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer=3:4:3 ratio applies by several times.
B, Rational Irrigation: water management uses the Irrigation Model of alternation of wetting and drying, throws cloudy day when planting and plants without water throwing, fine day shallow water
It throws and plants.The water layer that 2d after planting fills 5~10mm is thrown, keeps field not shine mud later, until the seedlings of cereal crops turn green vertical seedling.After vertical seedling is turned green,
Pour water 20mm or so, it is waited to fall after dry 2~3d the water layer for filling 10~15mm again naturally, and water is not seen below before accomplishing.When seedling number reaches
When planning the 70%~80% of spike number, the dry field that digs trenches to drain the water away controls ineffective tillering.Dry field, which shines to 2 leaves, reveals sharp phase rehydration nourishing the fetus,
It keeps shallow water to combine with wet later, field is kept not ease back to heading stage.Heading stage fills 10~20mm water, and the pustulation period is using dry
The irrigation method of wet alternate, milk stage, dough stage, was based on open field based on shallow water.
C, timely weeding: the field that grass eliminates is not needed to remove again by the control of weeds generally before throwing cultivation with herbicide
Grass does not eliminate to weeds or newly grows the field of careless bud, after vertical seedling of turning green, removes before suitable bud should being applied in conjunction with tillering fertilizer
Careless agent weeding, and keep 3~4d of water layer, hereafter to there are also the fields of crop smothering can be optionally using manually pulling out.
D, prevent and treat pest and disease damage: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control can refer to conventional cultivation technology, in time prevent and treat rice blast, banded sclerotial blight,
Bacterial leaf spot, false smut, snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller and planthopper etc..
5. harvest in due course
To be harvested in time after water hair is mature, generally should when the grain in full field 90%~95% reaches yellow maturity harvest.This kind
The specific harvest time of plant method is generally harvested in early and middle ten days in October.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with the single harvest rice and late-seaon rice-double cropping late rice turn over cultivation
(1) the nervous contradiction of double rice cropping system crops for rotation linking is effectively relieved.
In southern double rice cropping system, due to farming season anxiety, peasant is described as " double rush for harvesting and sowing " for early rice harvest and late rice rice transplanting, in addition by
In China's economic development, the main rice workspace labour in south shifts to coastal developed regions, so that rural laborer is more nervous.
Many peasant households have to reduce late rice and broadcast area since labour lacks, or in the case where not reducing late rice sown area and
Cause part rice field to be delayed to just just to transplant to August by the end of July, on the one hand considerably increases the late rice transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow, it is on the other hand big
The risk that late rice full heading time meets " cold dew wind " is increased greatly.Under the double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling cropping patterns of potato-late rice, potato one
As mid or late November sow, May, early and middle ten days can harvest, and late May can all harvest, and provide loosely for the plantation of late rice
Time, alleviate the contradiction in late rice contention season, and leave the time for the adjustment of paddy field cultivation structure.
(2) Winter paddy field is made full use of.
Middle and lower reach of Yangtze River double rice cropping system is after late rice harvests since crops for rotation are tight, winter kind crop varieties may be selected few, economic effect
The low reason of benefit, 90% or more peasant household can select to let a piece of farmland go to waste, cause soil and light, temperature, the serious waste of water resource, lead to winter slack
Field area is high.Under the double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling cropping patterns of potato-late rice, paddy fields in south china winter, spring soil, temperature can be efficiently used
Sunlight-heat reaources plant potato, and winter-spring season is utilized, enriches Development of Winter, takes full advantage of Winter paddy field.
(3) improve potato with one season late rice yield and quality.
The double no-tillage kind of throwing plant modes of potato-late rice, by straw film-covering planting potato, can heat and moisture preserving, favorably
It is expanded in promotion potato growth and potato wedge, and can be reduced rainwater to the leaching loss of surface soil fertilizer, improve the water supply and fertilizer conservation of soil
Ability increases potato yield；Straw need to only be pushed when harvest aside can harvest potato, it is ensured that do not hurt potato, improve
The commodity and aesthetic appearance of potato；In addition, potato haulm and straw can increase the soil organism after rotting, ground of having increased fertilizer
Power also has facilitation to rice yield is improved.
(4) time and labour saving promotes increasing peasant income.
The double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling cropping patterns of potato-late rice are eliminated the hack that ploughs a field, are beaten using plate field zero tillage potato
Bunch planting kind, especially need to only push straw aside in harvest can harvest potato, time and labour saving；One season late rice uses no-tillage throwing
It plants, eliminate plowed soils and alleviates the labor intensity of shoot transplanting equipment, agriculture labour is greatly saved, reduce production cost throwing
Enter, improve economic benefit, promotes increasing peasant income.
(5) increase the soil organism, culture fertility.
Winter cultivates potato with rice straw mulching, reduces rice straw burning, improves Ecological Environment of Paddy Field；Straw and potato haulm
Leaf can increase the soil organism after rotting, and give back nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, improve soil texture, soil fertility of having increased fertilizer, reducing
The investment of fertilizer mitigates rice field pollution of area source.In addition, No-tillage cultivation and straw covering can also mitigate direct impact of the rainwater to soil, subtract
Few surface runoff and soil erosion, reduce evaporation from land；Compared with traditional cultivated method, the no-tillage equipment that can reduce into ground number,
Mitigate agricultural machinery and implement to soil packing and to the extent of the destruction of soil texture；Investment of production can be reduced with the effectively save energy；Exempt from
The cultivated topsoil soils degree of packing is than conveniently, slowing down the mineralization rate of soil organic substance, being conducive to accumulation and the work of organic matter
The growth of object root system.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
In order to be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, tie below
Specific embodiment is closed, the present invention is further explained.
A kind of double no-tillage kind of throwing method for planting of potato-late rice, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) potato no-tillage cultivation:
1. fine variety production
Ripe in selection, high yield, high-output stress-resistance, disease-free wound detoxification breeding Favorita and Zhongshu No.4.
2. trench digging draws furrow
Field water is drained before late rice harvest, keeps field soil wet, field face is without ponding.Late rice should paste ground as far as possible when harvesting
Harvesting, shallowly stays rice stub.No-tillage point of furrow trench digging is carried out after harvesting immediately, can ditch bedding with ditching machine or manually.Furrow are wide with straw
It is advisable with width of the straw to lid, generally 1.5m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.3m, furrow bank will be directly.The ditch mud dug out will be equably
It is sprinkling upon in furrow face, makes furrow face in turtleback shape, to prevent accumulated water.Away from opening up gutter, furrow width 0.35m, ditch depth at ridge surrounding 1m
0.4m accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates, and meeting drought can fill, and can arrange after rain, it is ensured that field face is without ponding.
3. potato seed is handled
Rotten sick potato wedge is sorted out within 15~20 days before sowing, first with the whole potato of 0.1%~0.15% liquor potassic permanganate before stripping and slicing
Seed soaking 10 minutes, then makes full use of apical dominance, spirally chamfers to top, finally terminal bud is divided into two or one point is
Four.It is required that every piece of potato seed has 1~2 bud eye, guarantee at least one healthy and strong bud of each stripping and slicing, weight is 25~30g.It is general every
Kilogram potato seed cuts 30~40 pieces, and notch is away from bud 1cm or more.Potato knife is cut it is noted that disinfection, dips in notch with plant ash after cutting, then put
2~3d of good airing, until notch, which is hardened after scabbing, carries out vernalization.It is 15~20 DEG C that the potato seed cut, which is placed on temperature, when vernalization
It in indoor or greenhouse, using lamination method vernalization, is stacked in the way of one layer of wet sand, one layer of potato seed, the number of plies is controlled 4~5
Layer, top layer's lid wet sand cover snakeskin bag in wet sand again.Vernalization nursery bed temperature is maintained at 18~20 DEG C.It is long to 1~2cm to bud
When, potato seed taking-up is placed under astigmatism (low temperature for being kept for 10~15 DEG C), and dry in the air 5~7d, can sow.
4. rational close planting uses sufficient base manure
When sowing, it is not required to beat nest, potato wedge only need to be straightened to string pendulum on the soil of field by reality.Line-spacing 33cm, spacing in the rows 22cm,
Per hectare broadcasts 9.75 ten thousand~10.5 ten thousand caves or so.Potassium sulfate (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) compound fertilizer 750kg/hm is used after pendulum kind2,
Disposably make base manure uniformly to spread fertilizer over the fields by the potato seed on compartment face in the ranks.And it is affixed by the organic fertilizers such as sufficiently decomposed pig manure or cow dung
15000~22500kg/hm2, organic fertilizer cannot directly contact potato seed.It is not required to tillage and weeding in potato raw is long-term, also need not
Top dressing, the field on the weak side to growing way can carry out 1~2 root outer spraying with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea solution.
5. mulching straw
After planting 8~10cm of uniform fold straw in furrow face, straw are entire by the sharp overlay grass point covering of, grass vertical with compartment
Compartment face.Per hectare about 1.2 ten thousand kg/hm of straw2, cladding thickness is opaque for degree with furrow face, in favor of knot potato and reduces green potato
Quantity, while playing the role of suppressing weed growth.After rice straw mulching, straw is pressed into several points with ditch mud, it is big to prevent straw
Wind is blown off, is caused potato seed is exposed to form green potato, is reduced quality.
6. field management (water management prevents and treats pest and disease damage, pre- frost protection)
A, water management: potato growth puberty, it is necessary to assure have enough moisture, ground moistening should be kept.If meeting
Upper dry weather should take small water to fill along furrow ditch, make moisture excreting dampness furrow face, drain in time after pouring water.When such as heavy rain, it should be noted that
Drain prevention against water-logging, in order to avoid field ponding and cause rotten potato.
B, it prevents and treats pest and disease damage: preventing and treating late blight, stem rot, bacterial wilt, aphid, cutworm etc. during plant strain growth in time
Pest and disease damage, can use the pesticide controls such as Mancozeb, Bravo, imidacloprid, farmland pleasure, Acetamiprid, and harvest forbids making in first 15 days
With any pesticide.
C, pre- frost protection: such as frosty weather, can dusk on the day before frost arrives, with plant ash spread fertilizer over the fields blade face or
0.2% ZnSO4Solution foliage-spray, can reduce and cause harm.
7. harvest in due course
When cauline leaf by it is green gradually turn yellow turn it is withered when, grape stem and stem tuber are easy to fall off, and stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, when color is normal
Harvest.It, can be whenever and wherever possible on all exposed soil layer below straw of potato overwhelming majority potato wedge of No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation
It according to market conditions, pushs straw aside and first picks up big potato listing (although will affect some yield in this way, benefit is higher), then will
Straw, which covers, leaves small potato by its continued growth, all harvests again after potato set is withered and yellow.This collecting method can select
Best potato type lists in time, and can obtain high yield and bumper harvest, increases economic efficiency.Potato haulm after harvest can be embedded to furrow on the spot
Make rice basal fertilizer in ditch, to reduce fertilizer amount.
(2) late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling
1. soaked field of pouring water
After potato harvest, without any plow harrow of turning over, fill deep water immediately and carry out waterlogged plot, make field potato haulm and
Straw sufficiently rots, and keeps topsoil soft.Use systemics and contact insecticide herbicide mixture within 20 days or so before rice transplanting
It goes out except weeds in field and stubble, 1~2d will be allowed to dry water before spray herbicide, 4~5d after herbicide spraying, after weeds are withered and yellow again
Return water continues soaked field or so.Soil conditioner is sprayed in combination with herbicide simultaneously, generally uses 3000g/hm2" exempting to deep plough " is to water
750~900kg is sprayed on earth's surface.
2. variety selection
The good quality and high output kind that well developed root system, tillering ability are strong, stalk is sturdy, capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong, the Changjiang river are preferably selected in no-tillage field
The super rice varieties such as the II that In The Middle And Lower Reaches may be selected to be suitable for this area's plantation is excellent 527, Ganxin688 and Rong You 225.
It is planted 3. nursery is thrown
Or so mid or late May can carry out sowing seedling, per acre 1.2~2.0kg of sowing quantity.Free-plowing and throwing rice seedling require it is short strengthen it is of the right age
Rice shoot, be allowed to throw plant after stand that seedling is fast, high survival rate, otherwise, rice shoot is excessively high, easily causes top-heavy, is difficult vertical seedling.Preferably press
The sowing of flexible-disc seedling-slinging seedling method, will urge the seed rice of bud, 2 or so are uniformly sown into floppy disk by every hole.Rice shoot two leaves wholeheartedly
When it is spraying with paclobutrazol, prevent excessive growth.The length of time rice seedlings grow preferably controlled within 20 days, can carry out seedling with seedling fertilizer.Basal dressing before planting is thrown,
Throwing and planting density is 27~320,000 caves/hm2.It should throw and plant after cloudy day or fine day 16:00, adhere to that the cloudy day plants without water throwing, fine day is shallow
Water throwing is planted.
4. field management (applies fertilizers scientifically, Rational Irrigation, timely weeding prevents and treats pest and disease damage)
A, apply fertilizers scientifically: Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice is asked there are the enrichment of topsoil early period and later period fertilizer deficiency early ageing phenomenon are serious etc.
Therefore topic will be moved back, the fertilizer practice of later period blade face supplementary fertilizer in fertilizer practice using a small amount of more meal, chemical fertilizer.Per hectare dose
For nitrogen (N) 180~210kg, P2O590~105kg, K2O180~240kg divides base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer to apply three times, phosphorus
Fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied, and nitrogen, potash fertilizer are in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer=3:4:3 ratio applies by several times.
B, Rational Irrigation: water management uses the Irrigation Model of alternation of wetting and drying, throws cloudy day when planting and plants without water throwing, fine day shallow water
It throws and plants.The water layer that 2d after planting fills 5~10mm is thrown, keeps field not shine mud later, until the seedlings of cereal crops turn green vertical seedling.After vertical seedling is turned green,
Pour water 20mm or so, it is waited to fall after dry 2~3d the water layer for filling 10~15mm again naturally, and water is not seen below before accomplishing.When seedling number reaches
When planning the 70%~80% of spike number, the dry field that digs trenches to drain the water away controls ineffective tillering.Dry field, which shines to 2 leaves, reveals sharp phase rehydration nourishing the fetus,
It keeps shallow water to combine with wet later, field is kept not ease back to heading stage.Heading stage fills 10~20mm water, and the pustulation period is using dry
The irrigation method of wet alternate, milk stage, dough stage, was based on open field based on shallow water.
C, timely weeding: the field that grass eliminates is not needed to remove again by the control of weeds generally before throwing cultivation with herbicide
Grass does not eliminate to weeds or newly grows the field of careless bud, after vertical seedling of turning green, removes before suitable bud should being applied in conjunction with tillering fertilizer
Careless agent weeding, and keep 3~4d of water layer, hereafter to there are also the fields of crop smothering can be optionally using manually pulling out.
D, prevent and treat pest and disease damage: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control can refer to conventional cultivation technology, in time prevent and treat rice blast, banded sclerotial blight,
Bacterial leaf spot, false smut, snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller and planthopper etc..
5. harvest in due course
To be harvested in time after water hair is mature, generally should when the grain in full field 90%~95% reaches yellow maturity harvest.This kind
The specific harvest time of plant method is generally harvested in early and middle ten days in October.
Embodiment 1: different Potato Cultivars no-till and rice straw mulch cultivation yield tests
It tests and was carried out in the winter slack paddy field of the Jiangxi Province Yichun City Fengxin County town Feng Chuan in 2014.5 confessions are chosen in test
Varieties, respectively Dongnong303, Zhongshu No.4, Zheng's potato No. 5, gram new No. 18 and Favorita.Each kind is 1 processing, often
A processing repeats 3, plot area 25m2, random district's groups arrangement.Uniform for examination soil fertility, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient, preceding work
For late rice, soil fertility is medium.Late rice should gather in pasting as far as possible when harvesting, and shallowly stay rice stub, exempted from immediately after harvesting
Ploughing divides furrow to ditch.Furrow width is 1.5m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.3m, and field surrounding begins to rehearse ditch.Per hectare planting density is 10.0
Ten thousand plants or so.Potassium sulfate (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) compound fertilizer 750kg/hm is used after pendulum kind2, disposably make base manure and uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields
By the potato seed in the ranks on the face of compartment, with applying sufficiently decomposed barnyard manure 19000kg/hm2, after planting mulching straw is with a thickness of 8~10 lis
Rice.Sowing date is on November 25th, 2014, and the harvest date is harvest on May 15th, 2015.As a result as shown in table 1.
As seen from the results in Table 1, the yield of different Potato Cultivars no-till and rice straw mulch cultivations reaches 18000kg/hm2With
On, wherein the yield highest of Favorita, reaches 21764kg/hm2.Followed by Zhongshu No.4, yield reach 21488kg/hm2.Eastern agriculture
303, Zheng's potato 5 and gram new No. 18 yield are respectively 18984kg/hm2、19820kg/hm2And 20340kg/hm2.Yield result table
Bright, the two kind potato yields of Zhongshu No.4, Favorita compare and are suitable in the Changjiang river obviously higher than other kinds
Lower Reaches carry out the cultivation of autumn No-tillage cultivation and straw covering.
The different Potato Cultivars no-till and rice straw mulch cultivation yield tests of table 1
| Experimental cultivar | Cell average product (kg) | Equivalent yield (kg/hm2) | Precedence |
| Dongnong303 | 52.46 | 18984 | 5 |
| Zhongshu No.4 | 58.72 | 21488 | 2 |
| Zheng's potato 5 | 54.55 | 19820 | 4 |
| Grams new No. 18 | 55.85 | 20340 | 3 |
| Favorita | 59.41 | 21764 | 1 |
Embodiment 2
Rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivating and growing density test:
It tests and was carried out in the winter slack paddy field of the Jiangxi Province Yichun City Fengxin County town Feng Chuan in 2016, experimental cultivar is to take crow
It is auspicious it.Test sets 5 planting densities, is respectively as follows: (1) 7.5 ten thousand plant/hm2；(2) 8.25 ten thousand plants/hm2；(3) 9.0 ten thousand plants/hm2；
(4) 9.75 ten thousand plants/hm2；(5) 10.5 ten thousand plants/hm2.Each density is 1 processing, and each processing repeats 3, plot area 25m2,
Random district's groups arrangement.Uniform for examination soil fertility, soil layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient, preceding as late rice, during soil fertility is
Deng.Late rice should gather in pasting as far as possible when harvesting, and shallowly stay rice stub, carry out no-tillage point of furrow trench digging after harvesting immediately.Furrow width is 1.5m, ditch
Wide 0.3m, ditch depth 0.3m, field surrounding begin to rehearse ditch.The sowing date respectively handled is on November 23rd, 2015, harvest date
It is harvest on May 10th, 2015, dose is potassium sulfate (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) compound fertilizer 750kg/hm2, filled with applying
Divide decomposed barnyard manure 20000kg/hm2, after planting mulching straw is with a thickness of 8~10 centimetres.Respectively handle other field management measures
It is consistent.As a result as shown in table 2.
By 2 test result of table as it can be seen that no-till and rice straw mulch cultivates increase of the Potato yield with planting density in increasing
The variation tendency added.Planting density is 10.5 ten thousand plants/hm2When potato yield highest, reach 21852kg/hm2.It followed by plants close
Degree is 9.75 ten thousand plants/hm2Processing, yield reach 20612kg/hm2.And the potato yield of its excess-three planting density is below
20000kg/hm2.Therefore, the Optimum Planting Density of rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivar is 9.75~10.5 ten thousand plants/hm2。
2 rice straw for potato no-tillage with straw mulch cultivating and growing density test of table
| Planting density | Cell average product (kg) | Equivalent yield (kg/hm2) | Precedence |
| 7.5 ten thousand plants/hm2 | 49.84 | 17936 | 5 |
| 8.25 ten thousand plants/hm2 | 51.27 | 18508 | 4 |
| 9.0 ten thousand plants/hm2 | 54.36 | 19744 | 3 |
| 9.75 ten thousand plants/hm2 | 56.53 | 20612 | 2 |
| 10.5 ten thousand plants/hm2 | 59.63 | 21852 | 1 |
Embodiment 3
Late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling density test
It tests and was carried out in 2015 in Jiangxi Province Yichun City Yifeng County Tian Bao township, experimental cultivar is II excellent 527.Test sets 5
It throws and plants density, be respectively as follows: (1) 17 ten thousand caves/hm2；(2) 22 ten thousand caves/hm2；(3) 27 ten thousand caves/hm2；(4) 32 ten thousand caves/hm2；(5)37
Ten thousand caves/hm2.Each density is 1 processing, and each processing repeats 3, plot area 30m2, random district's groups arrangement.Sowing date is equal
For on June 5th, 2015, the harvest date was harvest on October 10th, 2015.Per hectare dose is nitrogen (N) 180~210kg,
P2O590~105kg, K2O180~240kg.As a result as shown in table 3.
3 test result of table shows that the volume variance of late rice under different free-plowing and throwing rice seedling density is larger, and throwing and planting density is 320,000
Cave/hm2When rice yield highest, reach 8486.67kg/hm2.Followed by throwing and planting density is 270,000 caves/hm2Processing, yield reaches
8213.33kg/hm2.Throwing and planting density is 170,000 caves/hm2, 220,000 caves/hm2With 370,000 caves/hm2Rice yield be respectively
7216.67kg/hm2、7650.00kg/hm2And 8005.67kg/hm2.It can be seen that rice types throwing cultivation density is too low or excessively high
It is unfavorable for high yield, 270,000 caves~370,000 caves/hm2It is for optimal planting density.
The Yield comparison of 3 late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling density of table
| It throws and plants density | Cell average product (kg) | Equivalent yield (kg/hm2) | Precedence |
| 170000 caves/hm2 | 21.65 | 7216.67 | 5 |
| 220000 caves/hm2 | 22.95 | 7650.00 | 4 |
| 270000 caves/hm2 | 24.64 | 8213.33 | 2 |
| 320000 caves/hm2 | 24.86 | 8486.67 | 1 |
| 370000 caves/hm2 | 24.32 | 8005.67 | 3 |
Embodiment 4
Late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling Different Fertilization method test
It tests and was carried out in 2015 in Jiangxi Province Yichun City Yifeng County Tian Bao township, experimental cultivar is II excellent 527.Test is total
Under the conditions of dose is consistent, phosphate fertilizer is made base manure and disposably applied, and nitrogen, potash fertilizer are by base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer applies simultaneously in three times
If 5 kinds of Application Ratios are respectively as follows: (1) 5:5:0；(2) 5:4:1；(3) 5:3:2；(4) 5:2:3；(5) 3:4:3.Each density is 1
A processing, each processing repeat 3, plot area 30m2, random district's groups arrangement.Sowing date is on June 5th, 2015, harvest
Date is harvest on October 10th, 2015.Throwing and planting density is 270,000 caves/hm2, total dose is 180~210kg/hm of N2, P2O5
90~105kg/hm2, K2180~240kg/hm of O2.As a result as shown in table 4.
Table 4 the result shows that, under late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling the volume variance of Different Fertilization method have notable difference, base, tiller, fringe
Rice yield highest when fertile applicating ratio is 3:4:3 reaches 8477.70kg/hm2.Followed by base, tiller, ear manuer applicating ratio are 5:
The processing of 2:3, yield reach 8314.30kg/hm2.And base, tiller, ear manuer applicating ratio are the processing of 5:5:0, yield is minimum, only
For 7860.00kg/hm2.From test result it can also be seen that late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling moderate reduction dose early period and increase the later period
Dose is conducive to rice high yield, this may throw with rice types, and cultivation root system early period bundle soil is not deep, root system is not flourishing enough, nutrient suction
Receipts ability is not strong related enough.Therefore, it is thrown in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River (Jiangxi) rice types and plants base, tiller, the optimal application of ear manuer
Ratio is 3:4:3.
The Yield comparison of 4 late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling Different Fertilization method of table
Embodiment 5
The economic benefits comparison of different land use patterns
It tests and was carried out in -2017 years 2016 in the Jiangxi Province Yichun City Fengxin County town Feng Chuan.Test sets four processing i.e. altogether
Four kinds of cropping patterns: (1) Winter paddy field-double cropping of rice；(2) Winter paddy field-turns over cultivation super hybridization rice；(3) the double no-tillage cultivations of potato-late rice
Training；(4) potato it is no-tillage-turn over cultivation super hybridization rice, i.e. winter no-tillage cultivation bell potato, turned over again after potato harvest cultivation one season
Late rice.Repetition is not set, totally four cells, plot area 223.35m2.Winter paddy field-double cropping of rice cropping pattern early-paddy brown rice is
Gold excellent 463, the Varieties In Late Rice of other processing is II excellent 527；The double no-tillage cultivation cropping patterns of potato-late rice and potato-
The Potato Cultivars that late rice turns over cultivating and growing mode are Favorita.As a result as shown in table 5.
As can be seen from Table 5, it is double no-tillage to be followed successively by potato-late rice for the profit size sequence obtained of 4 kinds of cropping patterns
Throw plant > potato no-tillage cultivation-late rice turn over cultivation > winter slack-double cropping of rice turn over cultivation > winter slack-late rice turn over cultivation.With
The profit highest of the double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling cropping patterns of potato-late rice, up to 61328 yuan/hm2, cultivar is turned over winter slack-double cropping of rice
Implant model is compared, and per hectare field profit increases by 32898 yuan, and percentage is up to 115.50%.Exempt from the result shows that potato-late rice is double
It ploughs and throws plantation implant model with best economic benefit, there is time and labour saving, improve yield, increase farmers' income and increase fertility of land
The advantages that.
The economic benefits comparison of 5 different land use patterns of table
Note: early paddy presses 2.6 yuan/kg, and late rice paddy presses 3.0 yuan/kg, and potato calculates the output value at a discount by 2.4 yuan/kg.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of double free-plowing and throwing rice seedling implantation methods of potato-late rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) potato no-tillage cultivation:
1. fine variety production
Ripe in selection, high yield, high-output stress-resistance, disease-free wound detoxification breeding Favorita and Zhongshu No.4；
2. trench digging draws furrow
Field water is drained before late rice harvest, keeps field soil wet, field face should receive when harvesting with pasting as far as possible without ponding, late rice
It cuts, shallowly stays rice stub, carry out no-tillage point of furrow trench digging after harvesting immediately, can ditch bedding with ditching machine or manually, the wide control straw of furrow
It is 1.5m, furrow width 0.3m, ditch depth 0.3m with width of the straw to lid, furrow bank is straight, and the ditch mud dug out is equably sprinkling upon in furrow face,
Make furrow face in turtleback shape, to prevent accumulated water, away from gutter, furrow width 0.35m is opened up at ridge surrounding 1m, ditch depth 0.4m accomplishes ditch ditch
It communicates, meeting drought can fill, and can arrange after rain, it is ensured that field face is without ponding；
3. potato seed is handled
Rotten sick potato wedge is sorted out within 15~20 days before sowing, is first soaked seed with the whole potato of 0.1%~0.15% liquor potassic permanganate before stripping and slicing
10 minutes, apical dominance is then made full use of, is spirally chamfer to top, finally terminal bud is divided into two or one point is four,
It asks every piece of potato seed to have 1~2 bud eye, guarantees at least one healthy and strong bud of each stripping and slicing, weight is 25~30g, every kilogram general
Potato seed cuts 30~40 pieces, and notch cuts potato knife it is noted that disinfection, dips in notch with plant ash after cutting, then set cool away from bud 1cm or more
The potato seed cut is placed on the interior that temperature is 15~20 DEG C when vernalization until notch, which is hardened after scabbing, carries out vernalization by dry 2~3d
Or in greenhouse, using lamination method vernalization, stacked in the way of one layer of wet sand, one layer of potato seed, the number of plies is controlled at 4~5 layers, most
Upper layer lid wet sand covers snakeskin bag in wet sand again, and vernalization nursery bed temperature is maintained at 18~20 DEG C, when bud it is long to 1~2cm when, will
Potato seed taking-up is placed under astigmatism, keeps 10~15 DEG C of low temperature, dry in the air 5~7d, can sow；
4. rational close planting uses sufficient base manure
When sowing, it is not required to beat nest, potato wedge only need to be straightened to string pendulum on the soil of field by reality, line-spacing 33cm, spacing in the rows 22cm, every public affairs
Just 9.75 ten thousand~10.5 ten thousand caves are broadcast, with potassium sulfate wherein N: P: K=15: 15: 15, compound fertilizer 750kg/hm after pendulum kind2, disposably
Make base manure uniformly to spread fertilizer over the fields by the potato seed on compartment face in the ranks, and be affixed by the such organic fertilizer of sufficiently decomposed pig manure or cow dung 15000~
22500kg/hm2, organic fertilizer cannot directly contact potato seed, be not required to tillage and weeding in potato raw is long-term, also need not top dressing, it is right
Growing way field on the weak side can carry out 1~2 root outer spraying with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea solution；
5. mulching straw
After planting 8~10cm of uniform fold straw in furrow face, straw cover entire compartment by the sharp overlay grass point of, grass vertical with compartment
Face, per hectare 1.2 ten thousand kg/hm of straw2, cladding thickness is opaque for degree with furrow face, in favor of knot potato and green potato quantity is reduced,
While playing the role of compacting weed growth, after rice straw mulching, straw is pressed into several points with ditch mud, is scraped to prevent straw by strong wind
It walks, causes potato seed is exposed to form green potato, reduce quality；
6. field management
A, water management: potato growth puberty, it is necessary to assure have enough moisture, ground moistening should be kept, if meeting dry
Dry days gas should take small water to fill along furrow ditch, make moisture excreting dampness furrow face, drain in time after pouring water, when such as heavy rain, it should be noted that draining
Prevention against water-logging, so as not to field ponding and cause rotten potato；
B, it prevents and treats pest and disease damage: preventing and treating the disease pests such as late blight, stem rot, bacterial wilt, aphid, cutworm during plant strain growth in time
Evil can use the pesticide controls such as Mancozeb, Bravo, imidacloprid, farmland pleasure, Acetamiprid, and harvest is forbidden to use in first 15 days appoints
What pesticide；
C, pre- frost protection: such as frosty weather, can dusk on the day before frost arrives, spread fertilizer over the fields blade face or 0.2% with plant ash
ZnSO4Solution foliage-spray, can reduce and cause harm；
7. harvest in due course
When cauline leaf by it is green gradually turn yellow turn it is withered when, grape stem and stem tuber are easy to fall off, and stem tuber epidermis toughness is big, receive when color is normal
It obtains, it, can root whenever and wherever possible on all exposed soil layer below straw of potato overwhelming majority potato wedge of No-tillage cultivation and straw covering plantation
It according to market conditions, pushs straw aside and first picks up big potato listing, then straw is covered and leaves small potato by its continued growth, work as potato
All harvesting, this collecting method can select best potato type to list and obtain in time high yield and bumper harvest again after seedling is withered and yellow, improve
Economic benefit, the potato haulm after harvest can be embedded in furrow ditch on the spot makees rice basal fertilizer, to reduce fertilizer amount；
(2) late rice free-plowing and throwing rice seedling
1. soaked field of pouring water
After potato harvest, without any plow harrow of turning over, deep water is filled immediately and carries out waterlogged plot, makes field potato haulm and straw
It sufficiently rots, keeps topsoil soft, gone out using systemics and contact insecticide herbicide mixture except field within 20 days before rice transplanting
Weeds and stubble, 1~2d will be allowed to dry water before spray herbicide, and 4~5d after herbicide spraying, return water continues again after weeds are withered and yellow
Soaked field sprays soil conditioner in combination with herbicide, generally uses 3000g/hm2" exempting to deep plough " is sprayed on 750~900kg of water
Earth's surface；
2. variety selection
The good quality and high output kind that well developed root system, tillering ability are strong, stalk is sturdy, capacity for the resistance to lodging is strong is preferably selected in no-tillage field, in the Changjiang river under
The super rice varieties such as the II that trip area may be selected to be suitable for this area's plantation is excellent 527, Ganxin688 and Rong You 225；
It is planted 3. nursery is thrown
Or so mid or late May can carry out sowing seedling, per acre 1.2~2.0kg of sowing quantity, and free-plowing and throwing rice seedling requires short to strengthen of the right age seedling
Seedling, be allowed to throw plant after stand that seedling is fast, high survival rate, otherwise, rice shoot is excessively high, easily causes top-heavy, is difficult vertical seedling, by floppy disk throwing
Seedling seedling method sowing, the seed rice of bud will have been urged, by every hole, 2 are uniformly sown into floppy disk, rice shoot two leaves wholeheartedly when paclobutrazol
It is spraying, excessive growth is prevented, the length of time rice seedlings grow preferably controlled within 20 days, and seedling can be carried out with seedling fertilizer, threw basal dressing before planting, and throwing plants density and is
27~320,000 caves/hm2, should throw and plant after cloudy day or fine day 16:00, adhere to that the cloudy day plants without water throwing, fine day shallow water, which is thrown, plants；
4. field management
A, it applies fertilizers scientifically: the problems such as Techniques of No-tillage Culture of Rice is serious with later period fertilizer deficiency early ageing phenomenon there are the enrichment of topsoil early period,
Therefore, it to be moved back using a small amount of more meal, chemical fertilizer in fertilizer practice, the fertilizer practice of later period blade face supplementary fertilizer, per hectare dose is
Nitrogen N180~210kg, P2O590~105kg, K2O180~240kg divides base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer to apply three times, and phosphate fertilizer is made
Base manure disposably applies, and nitrogen, potash fertilizer are in base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer=3:4:3 ratio applies by several times；
B, irrigate: water management uses the Irrigation Model of alternation of wetting and drying, throws cloudy day when planting and plants without water throwing, and fine day shallow water, which is thrown, plants, and throws
2d fills the water layer of 5~10mm after cultivation, keeps field not shine mud later, until the seedlings of cereal crops vertical seedling of turning green is poured water after vertical seedling is turned green
20mm waits it to fall after dry 2~3d the water layer for filling 10~15mm again naturally, and water is not seen below before accomplishing, when seedling number reaches plan spike number
70%~80% when, the dry field that digs trenches to drain the water away controls ineffective tillering, and dry field, which shines to 2 leaves, reveals sharp phase rehydration nourishing the fetus, keeps later
Shallow water is combined with wet, keeps field not ease back to heading stage, heading stage fills 10~20mm water, and the pustulation period is using alternation of wetting and drying
Irrigation method, milk stage, dough stage, was based on open field based on shallow water；
C, timely weeding: the field that grass eliminates is not needed weeding again throwing the preceding herbicide of cultivation, to weeds by the control of weeds
The field for not eliminating or newly growing careless bud after vertical seedling of turning green, should apply suitable preemergence herbicide weeding in conjunction with tillering fertilizer,
And 3~4d of water layer is kept, hereafter the field of also crop smothering is optionally used and is manually pulled out；
D, prevent and treat pest and disease damage: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control can refer to conventional cultivation technology, prevent and treat rice blast, banded sclerotial blight, Bai Ye in time
Withered, false smut, snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller and planthopper；
5. harvest in due course
To be harvested in time after water hair is mature, generally should when the grain in full field 90%~95% reaches yellow maturity harvest, this plantation is just
The specific harvest time of method is generally harvested in early and middle ten days in October.
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