CN114586628A - Green high-yield cultivation method for lily - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a green high-yield cultivation method of lily, which comprises the following steps: selecting land, applying enough base fertilizer, preparing land, ridge moisture, disinfecting soil, applying enough base fertilizer, reasonably close planting, sowing, covering and the like. When the lily bulbs are sowed and covered, a layer of pine needles (pine shells) covers the lily bulbs, a second layer of pine needles (pine shells) covers the first layer of covering layer after soil is covered on the first layer of covering layer, namely the first layer of covering can be selected from pine needles or pine shells, the second layer of covering can be selected from pine needles or pine shells, the pine needles and the pine shells can be covered by pine shells, the effects of the pine needles and the pine shells as covering raw materials are approximate, and the pine needles and the pine shells can be used independently or alternatively. The method effectively expands the suitable space for lily planting, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, improves the permeability of the soil, supplements nutrient components required by lily, creates a good growth and development space in the expansion period of the seed ball, improves the yield of lily, improves the commodity quality of lily, reduces the production cost, promotes the production of lily and obtains better economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

Green high-yield cultivation method for lily

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a green high-yield cultivation method for lily.

Background

Lily is also known as Lilium brownii var. viridumum Baker, Shuangshu, Munro, Shandan, Fanxian, Dahlian, Zhongting, Mo Luo, heavy box, Zhongmei, Lily garlic, Dashifu garlic, garlic yam, evening primrose, and the like, belongs to the plant kingdom, angiosperma, Monocotyledon, Liliales, Liliaceae, Lilium, and wild lily, belongs to perennial grass root plants, mainly takes harvested bulbs as edible cultivation, and has the requirements on soil for high humus, deep soil layer, moist and loose acidic sandy loam, and has large difference in requirements on soil humidity in different growth periods. In the existing cultivation technology, the planting area is selected based on the requirement of lily growth and development on soil, and good irrigation and drainage conditions are required:

firstly, the planting area is narrow, the clay, the marsh soil and the saline-alkali soil area are difficult to popularize for planting, the subacid sandy loam with the PH of 5.5-6.5 is suitable, and the soil containing fluorine and chloride ions is not suitable for planting lily;

secondly, the lily growth is easily affected by temperature and soil humidity, and the planting yield is unstable. The optimum temperature is 16-25 deg.C, the temperature is lower than 10 deg.C, the growth is inhibited, the temperature is higher than 30 deg.C, the growth of Bulbus Lilii is affected, and when the temperature is continuously higher than 35 deg.C, the stem and leaf are withered and yellow, and the underground stem enters dormancy stage. Meanwhile, the soil humidity in the whole growth period cannot be too high, otherwise, the bulbs are rotted due to oxygen deficiency, and the plants die.

Thirdly, the planting cost is high. The three-year-old ball can be sold as a commodity ball, and the two-year-old ball has large using amount and high cost; the weeds grow vigorously, if manual weeding is adopted, the cost is high, the quality of the adopted herbicide is reduced, soil residues are not beneficial to crop rotation, and the influence on the next crop is large.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a lily pine needle (pine shell) double-covering mode green high-yield cultivation method, which effectively expands the environment condition suitable for lily planting, improves the physical and chemical properties of soil, improves the permeability of the soil, supplements nutrient components required by lily, creates a good space for growing and developing seed balls, improves the yield of lily, improves the commodity quality of lily, reduces the production cost, promotes the production of lily to obtain better economic, social and ecological benefits, and achieves the purposes of promoting the development of lily industry and creating a lily green food brand.

A green high-yield cultivation method of lily comprises the following steps:

step 1: selecting 1750-2600 m above sea level, facilitating transportation, leveling land or terrace with sunny slope, and making sandy soil or sandy loam as soil, which is not suitable for continuous cropping;

and 2, step: applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing the soil before planting, applying 2000-3000 kg/mu decomposed farmyard manure, spreading 50 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, and deeply ploughing and finely harrowing;

and 3, step 3: furrowing is carried out on the furrows, the furrows are 1.5 meters to 1.7 meters in height, 20cm-30cm in height, 30cm-40cm in depth of the compartment ditches, drainage is facilitated, the furrow is suitable for digging the bottom layer of a plough, a land block which is too large and flat needs to be dug to dig a waist ditch, the waist ditch is deeper than a main ditch, smooth drainage in rainy seasons is kept, no accumulated water exists on the furrows, if the compartment ditches on the sloping field can be shallow, and the furrows can be flexibly mastered according to the conditions of the land block; performing entropy surface ditching, and determining ditching depth and row spacing according to the bulb size of the lily bulb, wherein the depth is generally 3 times of the diameter of the lily bulb and is preferably 15 cm;

and 4, step 4: soil disinfection, namely disinfecting the soil in a planting ditch by using fenaminosulf and carbendazim before planting, wherein the using amount is 2-5 kg/mu, and preventing and treating lily wilt and root rot;

and 5: applying enough base fertilizer, namely uniformly spreading compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer in the sowing trench, wherein the compound fertilizer is 80 kg/mu, and the organic fertilizer is 1200-; covering the compound fertilizer or the organic fertilizer with fine soil, wherein the lily seedballs cannot be directly placed on the compound fertilizer or the organic fertilizer, otherwise, the root systems of the lily seedballs can be burnt;

step 6: the planting density is properly adjusted according to the size of a single bulb of the lily bulb, the planting row spacing of the weight of the lily bulb is 25cm, the planting row spacing is preferably 15-20cm, and the planting row spacing is preferably 7-10cm, wherein the weight of the lily bulb is more than 25 g; the relative adjustment planting density of less than 10 g is carried out in a similar way to ensure reasonable close planting; particularly, the weight of a single lily bulb which becomes a commodity in the next year of planting in the same year is more than 25 g, the seed consumption is preferably 400-600 kg/mu, the planting density of the lily bulbs which can become the commodity in two years is relatively low, and the seed consumption is not less than 300 kg;

and 7: sowing and covering, wherein the cusps of the lily bulbs are upward during sowing, and simultaneously, 1-2 granules of the sulfur octoate chlorpyrifos are placed between every two lily bulbs to prevent and control underground pests; covering a first layer of pine needles or pine shells with the thickness of 10cm after the seed balls are placed, covering soil 5cm on the first layer of covering pine needles or pine shells, leveling and covering the sowing ditches tightly, ensuring that the soil moisture surface is full and flat without generating uneven ground, preventing water accumulation in rainy seasons, and finally covering a second layer of pine needles or pine shells with the thickness of 15 cm; after the lily is sowed, the soil humidity is kept between 40 and 60 percent until the seedlings emerge and the leaves grow; the first layer of covering and the second layer of covering only need to select one covering as the covering layer, and pine needles and pine shells have similar effects as the covering raw materials, and can be used independently or alternatively.

Further, in the green high-yield cultivation method of lily, the farmyard manure comprises various livestock and poultry wastes.

Further, in the green high-yield cultivation method of lily as described above, soil sterilization in step 4 can also be performed by uniformly mixing quicklime and soil.

Further, according to the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily, N: P: K ═ 18:8:18 of the compound fertilizer is obtained.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily is characterized in that the lily is sown and planted from 10 late ten days to the beginning of spring of the next year.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily also comprises a field management measure after planting;

lily management mainly aims at reducing soil temperature, preserving water and preserving soil moisture; watering in the later period with the standard of keeping soil moist, namely holding a handle of soil to form a cluster, but not discharging water; in winter, the air temperature is low, the water demand is not large, the lily starts to grow leaves after the spring of the next year, the water demand is gradually increased, particularly in 4-6 months, the water consumption of the lily is ensured in the period, the watering in the period is selected in the afternoon of a fine day, and the relative humidity of soil is preferably kept between 80% and 85%.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of lily as described above also includes a measure for removing weeds after planting;

after the lily is fixedly planted and before the next spring, water can be poured for 1-2 times according to the reality, after the spring reaches 3 months, the lily starts to sprout and grow stem leaves, the pine needle (pine shell) double-covering measure is adopted to weed for 1 time, or 10% propyl ester grass ether suspending agent can be used to weed for 1 time, and the pesticide application effect is determined by air temperature and soil moisture content; the weeding effect is poor when the herbicide is applied at low temperature and poor soil moisture content, and the weeding effect is better when the herbicide is applied at high temperature and good soil moisture content and when weeds grow vigorously, so that annual gramineous weeds are prevented and treated; during 3-5 leaves, the weeds are manually pulled out for 1 time according to the growth condition of the weeds, after the growth vigor of lily plants is capped, 25% chlorotoluron wettable powder or 24% oxyfluorfen emulsifiable solution is used for weeding for 1 time, a small amount of weeds in the later period do not need to be weeded, the artificial weeding is not carried out on the trace weeds, the trace weeds can play a role in shading and cooling, and the growth of the bulbs is facilitated.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily also comprises a measure of timely topdressing;

topdressing lily for three times, wherein the topdressing for the first time is carried out in 4 middle ten days of the month, the height of lily seedlings is 8-12cm, and 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied; the second and third fertilization are respectively applying 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer in the last 6 th of month after topping and plant sprouting; topdressing is carried out 3 times after seedling stage, topping stage and plant bud, and fertilizer is applied after rain, so as to prevent lily plants from burning with water.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily also comprises a measure of timely draining water;

after the lily is planted, in rainy seasons, ditch cleaning and drainage are timely achieved, the channel is guaranteed to be smooth, the water is cut off when the rain is dry, the bulbs are enlarged to enter the summer dormancy in 7-8 months, the soil is kept dry and loose, waterlogging is avoided, the lily does not enter the field in rainy days and rainy days, the situation that accumulated water is caused by foot prints left after the soil is filled is avoided, and the lily bulbs are rotten due to the accumulated water to cause yield reduction.

Furthermore, the green high-yield cultivation method of the lily also comprises the measures of timely topping and removing plant buds;

the best time for topping and picking off plant buds is from 5 late months to 6 late months, namely the height of a lily plant is 40cm-50cm, topping is carried out when 60-70 leaves are unfolded, topping is carried out in afternoon in sunny days, after the plant buds in 6 months are mature, the lily plant is lightly beaten by a wooden stick in sunny days, the plant buds fall off automatically, or the plant buds are picked manually to be used as seed reproduction in the next year.

Has the advantages that:

1. the first layer of pine needles (pine shells) is covered underground, so that the air permeability and the water permeability of soil are improved, firstly, a loose soil environment is provided for the growth of the lily, the expansion of the underground part of the bulb of the lily is facilitated, meanwhile, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of the lily, and the yield of the lily can be effectively improved; secondly, water can be drained quickly after rain, soil water accumulation is prevented, and the bulbs are rotten due to oxygen deficiency, so that plants die due to withering, and good conditions are created for the growth of lily stems; and thirdly, the appearance quality of the commodity lily is effectively improved, the surface soil attached when the lily is harvested is less, most pine needle (pine shell) decomposed substances are easy to clean, the whiteness and the transparency of the surface of the lily are increased, and the commodity quality is improved.

2. The ground is covered with a second layer of pine needles (pine shells) to improve the ground temperature, preserve moisture and prevent weed from growing. Firstly, the ground temperature is effectively improved, lily is generally planted from 10 late ten days to the beginning of spring of the next year, the temperature difference is large in the early and late seasons, the ground covering layer can effectively block the influence of the temperature on the change of the soil temperature, the ground temperature is kept, and the growth of the root system of the lily is facilitated; secondly, the soil humidity is kept, particularly due to the topographic environment in Yunnan, the soil belongs to seasonal arid periods in winter and spring, the rainfall is less, the water evaporation of the soil can be reduced by the overground covering layer, the soil humidity is kept, and the growth and development of the lilies are facilitated; thirdly, the growth of weeds is inhibited, the ground covering can reduce sunlight reaching the surface of a soil layer, particularly, lily grows before the rainy season in the period of vigorous growth of the weeds, the weed is surpassed in the aspects of light, water and nutrient competition, the growth of the weeds is inhibited, the artificial weeding cost is reduced, the use of chemical herbicides is reduced, the pesticide residue is reduced, and the influence of the chemical herbicides remained in the soil on the next crop during rotation is facilitated.

3. Can improve soil, expand planting area, improve soil nutrient content and reduce planting cost. Firstly, improve soil, expand the planting area. The pine needles are soft in texture, the pine shells are rough, loose and breathable, the water retention effect is good, the soil permeability can be increased, the soil can be effectively improved after long-term use, and besides sandy loam, lily can be planted in a clay field by using a double-covering planting technology, so that the planting area is expanded; and pine needles (pine shells) are a good organic matter source, are rich in tannin, can generate more organic acid when decayed and degraded, can reduce the pH value of soil, make the soil slightly acidic, and are beneficial to the growth of lilies. Meanwhile, pine needles (pine shells) are natural organic fertilizers, contain rich nutrient substances, have high and lasting fertilizer efficiency, and are more favorable for the growth of the next crop on the land where lily and other crops are crop-rotated; thirdly, the production cost is reduced. Pine needles are naturally fallen from pine needles, pine shells are also from pine trees, the pine needles belong to natural resources, the sources are wide, the materials are convenient to obtain, the planting farmers can obtain the local materials, and the planting cost can be saved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different coverage patterns on lily yield;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the number of seedlings emerging in different coverage patterns;

FIG. 3 is a graph of grass coverage for different coverage patterns;

FIG. 4 is a weed weight plot for different coverage patterns.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Pine needle: the invention relates to pine needle, in particular to dry pine needle naturally withered from a pine tree. Pine needles are a good organic fertilizer, can increase the permeability of soil, can also provide nutrients for plants, and are the best natural material for improving the permeability of soil.

Loosening the shell: the shell of the mature pine cone (also called pine cone) is left after the pine nuts inside are threshed. The pine cone is composed of a plurality of scales, and the residue formed by taking out the shell of the pine cone and mechanically crushing the shell is used after being decomposed.

The invention provides a cultivation method, wherein a layer of pine needles (pine shells) is covered on the lily bulbs after sowing, a second layer of pine needles (pine shells) is covered on the first layer of covering layer after covering soil, and the pine needles (pine shells) double-covering technical mode is adopted. The first layer and the second layer of the covering only need to be internally provided with one covering as the covering layer, namely the first layer of the covering can be selected from pine needles or pine shells, the second layer can be selected from pine needles or pine shells, and the pine needles and the pine shells have similar effects as covering raw materials and can be used independently or alternatively. The pine needle (pine shell) has the characteristics of killing pests, preventing diseases, improving soil, increasing humus, supplementing plant organism nutrients and improving immunity, and is green, ecological and environment-friendly. Pine plants represented by Yunnan pine and Huashan pine are widely distributed in the mountain in the Yao county at the altitude area of 1500-plus 3200 meters, the pine needles and pine nuts have huge storage capacity, and over 95 percent of pine needles naturally wither and accumulate in the year, are blown by wind and rain, are fermented in warm and humid conditions, often form thick humus, are inexhaustible, and therefore the supply amount of the pine needles is extremely rich.

The first and second covers need not be the same, but may be pine needles or pine hulls, or retted pine needles or pine hulls are preferred.

The lily varieties which can be adopted by the invention are introduced Lanzhou lily and native Sichuan lily.

The technical innovation platform of the invention comprises: 2013 and 2021, research work on edible lily cooperative in county and county from researchers of Pingyanning King of floriculture, rural area, Yunnan province to development of county and county; in 2019, professor of board of presortment of university of china agricultural establishes provincial expert workstation in yao county, establishes a working team, introduces lilium davidiana, makes full use of local lilium davidiana germplasm resources, combines local lily planting practice, performs experimental exploration, and lays an integrated innovation foundation. A test demonstration base is established in a Jinbizhen town of Dayao county, a new street town, a six Juques town and a night-blooming ceremony region with the altitude of 1750-.

The invention discloses a technical integration innovation method which comprises the following steps: aiming at the problems in lily production, local resources are fully utilized, a cultivation method test is carried out according to the biological characteristics of lily, and on the basis of exploration and summary, technical demonstration verification is carried out in 4 towns, so that the cultivation technology is further improved.

The planting mode method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

sowing: sowing and planting before beginning spring of the next year in the last ten days of 10 months, wherein the cusp of the lily bulb is upward during sowing, and simultaneously, 1-2 granules of the chlorpyrifos are placed between every two lily bulbs to prevent and control underground pests. The seed balls are placed and then covered with a first layer of pine needles (pine husks) with the thickness of 10cm, 5cm of soil is covered on the first layer of covering pine needles (pine husks), the soil moisture surface is full and flat and does not have uneven texture, water accumulation in rainy seasons is prevented, and finally a second layer of pine needles (pine husks) is covered with the seed balls with the thickness of 15 cm. The planting density is properly adjusted according to the size of a single bulb of the lily bulb, the planting row spacing is 25cm and the plant spacing is 15cm when the weight of the bulb is more than 25 g, and the planting row spacing is 15-20cm and the plant spacing is 7-8cm when the weight of the bulb is 15-20 g. The planting density is relatively adjusted below 10 g, and the like, and reasonable close planting is carried out. Particularly, the weight of a single lily bulb which becomes a commodity in the next year of planting in the same year needs to be more than 25 g, the seed consumption is preferably 400-600 kg/mu, the planting density of the lily bulbs which can become the commodity in two years is relatively low, and the seed consumption is not less than 300 kg.

And (3) field management:

and controlling the humidity. Lily is afraid of waterlogging and drought, and after being planted, the lily is better to be held tightly to form a cluster and fall to the ground to be loose according to the soil humidity. In the season with higher temperature, lily management mainly reduces soil temperature, preserves water and moisture and creates good conditions for the growth of stem roots. And watering at the later stage is based on the standard of keeping soil moist, namely, holding a handle of soil by hand to form a cluster, but not discharging water. In winter, the air temperature is low, the water demand is not large, and after spring of the next year, the lily starts to grow leaves, the water demand is gradually increased, particularly in 4-6 months, the air temperature is high, the sunshine time is long, the ground temperature is high, the soil moisture evaporation capacity is high, and the water consumption of the lily is also high, so that the water consumption of the lily is ensured in the period, watering (a field block with sprinkling irrigation equipment is better) in the afternoon of a fine day is generally selected, and the labor and the water are saved. The relative humidity of the soil is preferably kept between 80 and 85 percent.

And (4) removing weeds. After the lily is fixedly planted, water can be poured for 1-2 times in practice until spring of the next year, and after spring of the next year, the lily starts to sprout and grow stem leaves and leaves, weeds can grow gradually, particularly, gramineous weeds grow more vigorously, a pine needle (pine shell) double-covering measure is adopted to weed for 1 time, 10% propyl ester grass ether suspending agent can also be used for weeding for 1 time, the application effect is determined by air temperature and soil moisture content, the application is performed when the air temperature is low and the soil moisture content is poor, the weeding effect is poor, the application is performed when the air temperature is high, the soil moisture content is good and the weeds grow vigorously, the weeding effect is good, and the annual gramineous weeds are prevented and treated. During 3-5 leaves, most of the weeds can be manually removed for 1 time according to the growth condition of the weeds, after the growth vigor of lily plants is capped, 25% chlorotoluron wettable powder or 24% oxyfluorfen emulsifiable solution is used for weeding for 1 time, a small amount of weeds in the later period do not need to be weeded, the micro weeds are not manually weeded any more, the small amount of weeds can also play a role in shading and cooling, and the growth of the bulbs is more favorable.

And (5) topdressing at a proper time. Generally, the lily is topdressed for three times, the first time is topdressed in 4 middle ten days, the height of lily seedlings is about 10cm, and 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 18:8:18) is applied; the second fertilization was carried out in the last 6 th month, i.e. 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K ═ 18:8:18) was applied after topping and plant sprouting. The additional fertilizer is generally applied 3 times after the seedling stage, the topping stage and the plant bud in the whole growth and development period of the lily, and the yield increasing effect is obvious. The lily plants are prevented from being burnt by water when the lily plants are fertilized after rain.

And draining water in time. After lily is planted, in rainy seasons, ditch clearing and drainage are timely achieved, poor drainage is easy to lack oxygen and rot, and after new bulbs of lily are formed in the underground part in early summer in late spring, if the temperature is high, soil is hardened, the humidity is high, and diseases are easy to occur. Therefore, in rainy seasons, the channel is guaranteed to be smooth, the situation that the rainwater stops running is achieved, the bulbs are enlarged to enter the summer dormancy in 7-8 months, the soil is kept dry and loose, waterlogging is avoided, the bulbs do not enter the field in rainy days and rainy days, the situation that accumulated water is caused by foot prints left after soil is filled is avoided, and the lily bulbs are rotten due to the accumulated water to cause yield reduction.

Timely topping and picking off plant buds. The optimal time for topping and picking off plant buds is from late 5 months to late 6 months, namely topping is most suitable when 60-70 leaves with the height of 40-50 cm of the lily plant are unfolded, sufficient leaf number is ensured for photosynthesis, nutrients are absorbed to promote growth of the bulb, growth of the lily plant can be regulated in time, the photosynthetic products are promoted to be transferred to the bulb, and bulb expansion is facilitated. The topping is generally carried out in the afternoon in a sunny day, which is favorable for wound healing, after 6 months of plant buds are mature, a wood stick is used for lightly beating the lily plants in a sunny day, the plant buds fall off automatically, or the plant buds are manually picked up to be used as seed reproduction in the next year.

And (4) pest control. The main diseases of lily include fusarium stem rot, gray mold, lily epidemic disease, lily mosaic disease, penicillium disease and other common natural diseases of lily.

Stem rot disease

The symptoms are that bulb infection can cause rot of a bulb root disc and scales, the plant grows slowly, leaves are dark green and withered from top to bottom, the bulb is infected underground at the initial stage to form brown yellow spots, the bulbs can be distributed at the scales or the joints of the scales and the root disc, the scales are rotten at the later stage of infection, if the root disc is soaked, the whole bulb can be rotten, fusarium can soak the overground stem part to cause yellowing of base leaves, finally the leaves are brown and fall off to soak the underground stem part to form black brown or brown yellow spots on the stem, the spots are gradually enlarged later, the bulb is rotten from outside to inside, and the plant does not bloom and withers.

The prevention and treatment comprises the steps of disinfecting infected soil or suspicious soil by using a common soil disinfectant, finishing the seeds of the slightly or moderately infected seedballs as soon as possible, ensuring that the temperature of the soil is low and the seeds are not required to be planted when the temperature is raised, and irrigating roots by using 50% of fenaminosulf 800 times, 65% of zineb 1000 times and 97% of oxadixyl 3000 times.

Gray mold

The symptoms are that the leaves are mainly damaged and the stems, the flower buds and the flower cultures are also infected, 1 mm light brown needle-shaped round points can be seen on the leaves in the initial stage, the round points can quickly develop into larger circular or oval scabs with clear boundary lines under the high humidity condition, water-stain-shaped scab expansion areas can be seen on the back of the leaves, and infected tissues die and wither gradually in the later stage to form paper-shaped and purplish red edges. Infected leaves are hindered from growing and become deformed, when the stem is infected, the leaves in the infected area die, a necrotic area is formed on the stem, a bud is easy to be infected when the leaves are burnt in the bud stage, the bud is rotten or deformed to develop, and the petals show gray water stain-shaped disease spots during the flowering.

And (3) preventing and treating, namely if the field humidity in the mountainous area is high, particularly in rainy seasons, the leaves often have water drops, the gray mold starts to be sporadically attacked, the diseased leaves are immediately removed when the diseased plants are found at the early stage of attack, the gray mold and mancozeb are sprayed in time after the rain stops, and the 70% mancozeb 500-fold liquid and the 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid are sprayed on the leaves.

Epidemic disease of lily

The symptoms are that phytophthora infestans can hinder the growth of lily plants or lead the lily plants to wither suddenly, stems, leaves and flowers can be damaged, water stain shapes appear at the early stage of infected parts at the stem bases, then rot and dark green to blackish brown irregular disease spots are formed, the disease spots are expanded upwards and then rot, sparse white mildew layers, namely pathogenic bacteria cyst stalks and sporangiums, are generated, a large number of root systems die, the base blades are yellowed firstly, the growth of the upper blades is inhibited, the growth vigor of the plants is weakened, small water stain spots also appear at the stems on the ground when the humidity is high, then the disease spots are gradually expanded to be gray green disease spots, and the flowers are in soft rot shapes after being damaged.

For prevention and treatment, 25 percent of metalaxyl 500-time liquid, 50 percent of propamocarb 500-time liquid and 72.2 percent of propamocarb 600-time liquid are used for wetting the roots.

Mosaic of lily

The symptoms of mottled streaks with different depths on leaves, distortion and deformity of the leaves, bud deformity and obvious atrophy of plants are mostly caused by aphid infection.

Preventing and treating, namely immediately removing the diseased plant when the disease is found before the bud stage, and simultaneously strengthening the prevention and treatment of aphids.

Experimental example:

test site: in the village group (altitude: 2505 m) in the world of broad-leaved epiphyllum, the rice is loam, and the fertility is moderate.

The test method comprises the following steps: a comparison test of different lily coverings is carried out, the test is carried out by selecting 5 different covering modes such as pine needle double covering, pine shell double covering, mulching film single covering, corn stalk double covering and no covering (contrast), the test is repeated for 3 times, the area of a single cell is 6.67m2, and the seeds are sowed 12-14 days in 2020. The technical measures are the same as those of the sixth embodiment. A survey of emergence, weed coverage and weed mass was conducted on day 7, month 15 of 2020. And the actual yield of the cell is measured in 28 days 9 and 9 in 2020.

Results and analysis: and obtaining a test conclusion through early test investigation and cell real-time receiving, measuring and producing. The lily cultivation method has the advantages that the pine needle double-covering effect is the best, the pine shell double-covering effect is the second best, and the treatment effect is poor due to the adoption of mulching film covering and corn stalk covering.

Table one: cell yield questionnaire for different coverage tests

Note: the experiment was performed in 5 treatments and 3 replicates, with a cell area of 1.67 x 4 to 6.67m 2. Wherein: treatment 1 was CK (no cover), treatment 2 was corn stalk cover, treatment 3 was pine hull cover, treatment 4 was mulch cover, and treatment 5 was pine needle cover.

From a yield questionnaire, the pine needle double-coverage reduced yield per mu is highest and is increased by 37.55% compared with a contrast, the pine shell double-coverage reduced yield per mu is increased by 33.85% compared with a contrast, the double-coverage corn stalks and the single-coverage mulching films are increased by 3.39% and 4.93% compared with the contrast, and the effect is not obvious; from the survey and analysis chart of emergence situation and weed coverage, the effect of the pine needle and pine shell double-coverage treatment mode on emergence situation and weed growth inhibition is obviously better than that of a control mode and other coverage modes.

The invention is further described below in connection with exemplary generalized embodiments of the technology.

In 2021 year, 2060 mu of sample plate for high yield cultivation of Bulbus Lilii is held in the town of Jinbizhen town of Dayao county, New street town, Juques town, broad-leaved county, etc., wherein the selected varieties are native Sichuan Bulbus Lilii and Lanzhou Bulbus Lilii, wherein the Sichuan Bulbus Lilii is 2000 mu, and the Lanzhou Bulbus Lilii is 60 mu.

14-16 days 9 months in 2021, entrusted by science and technology hall in Yunnan province, hosted by the industrial information electronic commerce science and technology bureau in Dayao county, invited agricultural science and technology promotion experts of related departments in Dayao county to total 14 persons, and carried out production test and acceptance test on 2060 mu lily demonstration sample plate developed in 2021. According to the lily production test acceptance method of the Ministry of agriculture, the actual measurement result is as follows: 335.26 mu is harvested in a core area of one thousand mu through testing, the average yield of fresh lilies per mu reaches 1413.9kg, 14.8 mu is harvested in a non-sample area, the average yield per mu reaches 961.1 kg, and the sample area is increased by 452.8 kg and 47.1 percent compared with the sample area per mu. Wherein: the local lilium brownii is harvested for 278.56 mu in the sample plate area, the average yield is 1491.8 kg (the yield varies from 835.1 to 2222.2 kg), and compared with the yield of the native lilium brownii in the non-sample plate area, the yield is increased by 530.7 kg and 55.2 percent; and measuring 56.7 mu of Lanzhou lily, wherein the average unit yield is 1031.46 kg (the yield is variable from 612 to 1711.1 kg), and the average unit yield is increased by 70.3 kg and is increased by 7.32% compared with the area of the non-sample plate.

Compared with 2020, the yield of native Sichuan lily is increased by 480.5 kg and 47.5% compared with 1011.3 kg in 2020, and the yield of Lanzhou lily is increased by 205.36 kg and 24.9% compared with 826.1 kg in 2020.

Analysis and statistics show that the total yield of the lily in 2021 years in Dayao county is 850.6236 kilo, the average yield per unit is 1079.5 kilo, the average unit price of the fresh lily is 17.71 yuan/kilogram, the average yield per mu is 19119.7 yuan, and the total yield is 1.507 hundred million yuan. The average unit price, the acre yield value and the total yield value of the lily are respectively increased by 41.3 percent, 27.5 percent and 16.0 percent compared with those of the lily in 2020.

The data show that the yield and income are increased by selecting a new high-yield high-quality lily variety and popularizing a double-coverage green high-yield key technology, and remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits are obtained.

FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of different coverage patterns on lily yield; FIG. 2 is a graph of the number of seedlings emerging in different coverage patterns; FIG. 3 is a plot of weed coverage for different coverage patterns; FIG. 4 is a weed weight plot for different coverage patterns. As can be seen from figures 1-4, the lily cultivated by the method has the highest yield, the largest number of seedlings, the smallest coverage rate of weeds and the lowest fresh weight.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A green high-yield cultivation method for lily is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: selecting land blocks, namely selecting 1750-2600 meters of altitude range, convenient transportation, land leveling field blocks or terrace fields with sunny slopes, wherein the soil texture is sandy soil or sandy loam, and continuous cropping planting is not suitable;

step 2: applying enough base fertilizer, deeply ploughing the soil before planting, applying 2000-3000 kg/mu decomposed farmyard manure, spreading 50 kg/mu calcium superphosphate, and deeply ploughing and finely harrowing;

and step 3: the method comprises the following steps of preparing ridges with soil moisture, ditching the soil moisture surface with 1.5-1.7 meters, digging the soil moisture with the height of 20-30 cm and the depth of a compartment ditch of 30-40 cm, facilitating drainage, preferably digging the bottom layer of a plough, digging a waist ditch in a land block which is too large and flat, wherein the waist ditch is deeper than a main ditch, keeping smooth drainage in rainy season and no accumulated water on the soil moisture surface, and if the compartment ditch of a sloping field can be shallow, flexibly mastering the conditions of the land block; ditching on the dead surface, and determining ditching depth and row spacing according to the size of bulbs of the lily bulbs, wherein the depth is 3 times of the diameter of the bulbs;

and 4, step 4: soil disinfection, namely disinfecting the soil in a planting ditch by using fenaminosulf and carbendazim before planting, wherein the using amount is 2-5 kg/mu, and preventing and treating lily wilt and root rot;

and 5: applying enough base fertilizer, uniformly spreading compound fertilizer or decomposed organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer in the sowing trench, wherein the compound fertilizer is 80 kg/mu, and the organic fertilizer is 1200-; covering the compound fertilizer or the organic fertilizer with fine soil;

step 6: reasonably and densely planting, wherein the planting density is properly adjusted according to the size of a single bulb of the lily bulb, the planting row spacing is 25cm, and the planting row spacing is 15cm, wherein the weight of the lily bulb is more than 25 g; the planting row spacing is 15-20cm, and the planting distance is 7-10cm, wherein the weight of the seed balls is 15-20 g; relatively adjusting planting density below 10 g; for lily bulbs planted in the same year to become commodities in the next year, the weight of each single lily bulb needs to be more than 25 g, the seed consumption is 400-600 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of the lily planting density which can become the commodities only in two years is not less than 300 kg/mu;

and 7: covering the seeds, wherein the cusps of the lily bulbs are upward during the sowing, and meanwhile, 1-2 granules of the chlorpyrifos are placed between every two lily bulbs to prevent and control underground pests; covering a first layer of pine needles or pine shells with the thickness of 10cm after the seed balls are placed, covering 5cm of soil on the first layer of covering pine needles or pine shells, leveling and covering the sowing ditches tightly, ensuring that the soil moisture surface is full and flat to prevent water accumulation in rainy seasons, and finally covering a second layer of pine needles or pine shells with the thickness of 15 cm; the soil humidity is kept between 40 and 60 percent after the lily is sowed and before the emergence of seedlings and leaves.

2. The lily green high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein soil sterilization in the step 4 is performed by uniformly mixing quicklime with soil.

3. A green high-yield cultivation method for lily as claimed in claim 1, wherein N: P: K: 18:8:18 of said compound fertilizer.

4. The method for high-yield green cultivation of lily according to claim 1, wherein the lily is sown and planted from late 10 months to the beginning of the next spring.

5. The lily green high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that after planting, field management measures are included;

lily management mainly reduces soil temperature, preserves water and preserves soil moisture; watering at the later stage with the standard of keeping the soil moist; in 4-6 months, watering is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day, and the relative humidity of the soil is kept between 80% and 85%.

6. The method for high-yield green cultivation of lily according to claim 1, further comprising a weed removal measure after planting;

after the lily is fixedly planted and before the next spring, water is poured for 1-2 times according to the reality, and after the spring to 3 months, a pine needle or pine shell double-covering measure is adopted to inhibit the growth of weeds, or 10% propyl ester grass ether suspending agent is used for weeding for 1 time; during 3-5 leaves, artificial weeding is carried out for 1 time according to the growth condition of weeds, and after the growth vigor of lily plants is capped, weeding is carried out for 1 time after 25% chlorotoluron wettable powder or 24% oxyfluorfen emulsifiable solution is used for bud germination.

7. The green high-yield cultivation method of lily according to claim 1, further comprising a measure of timely topdressing;

topdressing lily for three times, wherein the first topdressing is carried out in 4 middle ten days of the month, the height of lily seedlings is 8-12cm, and 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer is applied; applying 15 kg/mu of compound fertilizer after topping and plant sprouting for the second and third fertilization respectively; topdressing is carried out for 3 times in the seedling stage, the topping stage and after plant buds.

8. The method for high-yield green cultivation of lily according to claim 1, further comprising a measure of timely drainage;

after lily is planted, in rainy season, ditches need to be cleared for draining water in time, bulbs grow to be dormant in summer in 7-8 months, soil needs to be kept dry and loose, and the lily does not enter a field in rainy days or after rain.

9. The method for cultivating lily at a high yield in a green environment according to claim 1, further comprising timely topping and picking off the plant buds;

the optimal time for topping and removing plant buds is from late 5 months to late 6 months, namely the height of a lily plant is 40cm-50cm, the topping is carried out when 60-70 leaves are unfolded, the topping is carried out in the afternoon of a sunny day, after the plant buds in 6 months are mature, a lily plant is beaten by a wooden stick in the sunny day, the plant buds automatically fall off, or the plant buds are manually removed to serve as seed reproduction in the next year.

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