CN105794486A - Method for organically cultivating muskmelons, paddy rice, vegetable broad beans and water chestnuts in crop rotation manner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for organically cultivating muskmelons, paddy rice, vegetable broad beans and water chestnuts in a crop rotation manner, and relates to the technical field of crop rotation cultivation. The method includes steps of (1), building organic cultivation production bases; (2), cultivating the muskmelons, the paddy rice, the vegetable broad beans and the water chestnuts in crop rotation modes, to be more specific, sequentially cultivating the muskmelons, the late rice and the vegetable broad beans in a first year, and sequentially cultivating the early rice and the water chestnuts in a second year; (3), cultivating the organic muskmelons, the organic paddy rice (the late rice and the early rice), the organic vegetable broad beans and the organic water chestnuts according to quality requirements on organic agricultural products and production technical specifications and fertilizing soil by means of returning straw to fields and composting organic fertilizers. A crop rotation period includes two years. The method for organically cultivating the muskmelons, the paddy rice, the vegetable broad beans and the water chestnuts in the crop rotation manner has the advantages that the organic muskmelons, the organic paddy rice, the organic vegetable broad beans and the organic water chestnuts can be cultivated in the same organic cultivation production bases, and the method is scientific and reasonable in technology and high in practicality and operability and has a good economic benefit and a popularization application prospect in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Description

A kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method.

Background technology

Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", has wide market prospect.Organic farm products is the food of pure natural, pollution-free, safe nutrition, is also referred to as " ecological food ", and it is to produce according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and by the agricultural product of Organic Food Attestation agency qualification.So organic farming must produce according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, whole production process prohibits the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone, do not use technique for gene engineering, to ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.China set up " State Environmental Protection Administration's Organic food development " center "; Organic Farming is rapid in recent years; organic agriculture is owing to having complied with the world trends improving agroecological environment, producing the pollution-free Organic food of high-quality; so organic farming is increasingly subject to pay attention to, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging rising industry in 1994.Along with the development of society and improving constantly of living standards of the people, consumer is more and more higher to the quality requirements of agricultural product.Particular with people's growing interest to food sanitation safe, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.The production of the agricultural product such as organic Fructus Melo of development high-quality, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can provide safeguard for consumer's physical and mental health.

Fructus Melo (Cucumismelo) is important industrial crops, its cultivation good in economic efficiency, and in a lot of areas, melon wilt have become the important channel increasing peasant economy income.China is that Fructus Melo produces and consumption big country, Fructus Melo year sown area 590,000 hectares, total output 14,620,000 tons, account for the 46% and 53% of world's sown area and total output respectively, China Fructus Melo produce occupy in the world critical role (other dragon. China's watermelon and muskmelon graft seedling growth industry development present situation and countermeasure. China's melon dish, 2011,24 (2): 68-71), Fructus Melo, as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop, plays an important role in China's Planter industry structure adjustment and promotion farmer richness increase income.Fructus Melo be a kind of like that temperature, happiness light, happiness be fertile, happiness water but be afraid of to wet, require melon high-efficiency and economic crop dry, weak to stain, not only undergrowth under low temperature overcast and rainy day weather conditions, and pest and disease damage harm is serious.Although adopting the facility cultivations such as booth, by regulating booth epidemic disaster, the aggregate measures such as covered with plastic film and sunshade net carry out taking shelter from rain, sunshade cultivation, control temperature and air humidity well, can create and be conducive to Muskmelon Growth to be unfavorable for the environmental condition that pest and disease damage occurs；But the requirement being not only due to during the general facility cultivation of Fructus Melo use chemical fertilizer, pesticide more and being unable to reach organic farming, and there is certain difficulty owing to carrying out crop rotation, the generation ratio of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt is more serious, it is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, thus causing the underproduction even to occur cultivating unsuccessfully, so the organic farming of Fructus Melo is little at present.The contribution of a kind of method (application number 201210062114.X, application publication number CN102584468A) utilizing micro ecological technology to plant organic Fructus Melo is in that, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Melo；Have a disadvantage in that, actually only provide a kind of Tiny ecosystem bacterium solution for planting organic Fructus Melo and using method thereof, the concrete technical scheme of Fructus Melo organic farming is not provided.Fructus Melo is the crop avoiding continuous cropping, if plant Fructus Melo in same plot year after year, pathogen can be caused to accumulate on the one hand, cause that the soil-borne diseases such as droop are serious；Absorbing identical nutrient substance in close soil layer owing to Radix Melo ties up on the other hand, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack some element, it is easy to continuous cropping obstacle occurs.Although select disease-resistant variety and employing grafting cultivation can prevent and treat the soil-borne diseases such as droop to a great extent and alleviate the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle, but the problem that can not fundamentally solve soil continuous cropping obstacle.Therefore, scientific and reasonable rotation cropping method fertilizing soil and the pest and disease damage radix reduced in soil must be taked during Fructus Melo organic farming, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle.A kind of Fructus Melo organic farming annual production method (application number 201510253151.2, application publication number CN104823674A) contribution be in that, adopt rice field-upland field rotation cultivation mode: spring stubble facility Fructus Melo late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice autumn stubble facility Fructus Melo dish, with Bowl bean (the 2nd year), adopts facility cultivation can realize organic farming and the whole year production supply of Fructus Melo；Have a disadvantage in that, although it is relatively effective and common rotation system that Fructus Melo and Oryza sativa L. carry out rice field-upland field rotation, but produce one batch of Fructus Melo (spring stubble or autumn stubble) every year in same piece of land, each batch of Fructus Melo and one batch of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, owing to the crop rotation time is too short, the generation of pest and disease damage still ratio is more serious, there is relatively larger risk in cultivation, and facility cultivation must be adopted could to obtain the cultivation success of organic Fructus Melo, if changing each batch of Fructus Melo and many batches of Oryza sativa L. crop rotations into, then rotation system is not only more dull, and the utilization rate of facility is too low, economic benefit is not high.

Semen Viciae fabae (Viciafaba) be again HUDOU, Buddhist bean etc., is a kind of high starch, low fat, high protein crop, containing abundant vitamin B₂And the several amino acids of mineral calcium, phosphorus, ferrum and needed by human, it is the important vegetable of China, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop.Semen Viciae fabae all can be planted in national most of provinces, and the Yangtze river basin and the Changjiang river areas to the south are based on autumn sowing winter kind, and Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang etc. are economized as Main Cultivation area.Semen Viciae fabae is nutritious, containing protein, carbohydrate, crude fibre, phospholipid, choline, vitamin B₁, vitamin B₂, nicotinic acid and the several mineral materials such as calcium, ferrum, phosphorus, potassium, also containing 8 kinds of essential amino acids, especially contain adjustment brain and the important component calcium of nervous tissue, zinc, manganese, phospholipid and abundant choline, there is the brain strengthening function of hypermnesis, the growth promoter of skeleton can be promoted.Among the people thinking that Semen Viciae fabae can treat hypertension and edema, the modern times think that Semen Viciae fabae has antitumaous effect, and external useful Semen Viciae fabae extracts the report of cancer-resisting substance, can prevent intestinal cancer.Semen Viciae fabae has stronger tolerance to cold, is the elite crop of development winter kind production, and Semen Viciae fabae root has root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, very easily become thoroughly decomposed, be important green manure, but Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria be suitable in neutral or subalkaline soil movable, if planted for many years on plot continuously, the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and affects the breeding activity of root nodule bacteria and soil microorganism, so Semen Viciae fabae avoids continuous cropping, preferably carry out rice field-upland field rotation, better with Oryza sativa L. crop rotation.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharisdulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belong to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, be shallow water perennial root herbaceous plant, make fruit with underground bulb or vegetable eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has the good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing pathogenic heat from blood and toxic substance from the body, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, to diabetic urine, many persons have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, and " puchiin " in Corm Eleocharitis has blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, and in measles, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is general in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province, economizes cultivation with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. more.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, meat is pure white, the crisp taste of matter is sweet, how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing protein, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., having the good reputation of underground pear, what northerner looked is south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivates the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis from ancient times.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, many crop rotation Corm Eleocharitiss in rice terrace, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Melo carry out rice field-upland field rotation, then not only better economic benefit, and Soil structure, culture fertility can also be improved, reduce the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduce agriculture chemical consumption, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryzasativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also carry out rice field-upland field rotation with vegetables such as Fructus Melos and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of current organic rice have multiple (see Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63;A kind of production method of high-yield organic rice, CN103733929B;The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN103250606B), but mostly because of not adopting scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer all in various degree is not enough and growing way is poor, yield poorly, Pest organism endangers heavy problem.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent to prevent and treat, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, despite the use of the generation of field insect pest is controlled by methods such as duck-raising enclosed paddy fields, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fishes, have employed the multiple methods such as Chinese herbal medicine fluid is soaked seed, plant insecticide prevention sprays and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be the uncontrollable problem of pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage, thus causing Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary to carry out scientific and reasonable crop rotation, particularly carries out rice field-upland field rotation.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation is carried out with field crop Oryza sativa L., legume Semen Viciae fabae and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis by Fructus Melo, it is possible not only to increase economic efficiency, and Weed infestation can be reduced, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, improves the reparation of soil fertility structure, promotion soil environment；Zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean after late rice harvesting, it is not only good in economic efficiency that haricot of gathering makees vegetable, but also can allow stubble early, is conducive to the growth of succession crop, and being ploughed under as green manure by Semen Viciae fabae straw can fertilizing soil in soil；Simultaneously, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or also field also can fertilizing soil on the spot, achieve the efficient recovery of the soil organism, improve soil fertility, the benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reaching the purpose of Fructus Melo and other rotation crop organic farmings." Organic food technical specification " (HJ/T80-2001) that this organic farming alternating method is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration cultivates; it is possible not only to realize organic melon wilt in same organic farming production base, it is also possible to realize the cultivation of organic paddy rice, organic vegetable broad bean and organic Corm Eleocharitis.

A kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) following rotation system is adopted to cultivate: cultivation successively in the 1st year: Fructus Melo late rice vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is a period of crop-rotation；

(3) organic Fructus Melo, organic paddy rice (late rice and early rice), organic vegetable broad bean and the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis are carried out according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot with other polluter and traffic backbone, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995), irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), ambient air quality is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012)；The cultivated area of each organic farming production base is not less than 10 hectares, and production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and there are obvious isolation strip or buffer strip in organic production base with the conventional plot intersection that produces.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial chemistry synthetic including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem；

Whole cultivation only allow application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride can also be used, could be used that the organic fertilizer through Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed is implemented and " is puted prevention first, integrated control " plant protection policy, ecosystem from whole farmland production environment, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creation is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, be conducive to the environmental condition that all kinds of natural enemy is multiplied, reduce the loss that disease pest and weed causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, adopt biological and physical method preventing and treating, the pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, the available mineral allowing to use or plant medical agent carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone with limitation, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carries out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, also sulfur can be used with limitation, Calx, lime sulfur, the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as Bordeaux mixture；

To maintain stablizing of farmland ecosystem in process of production, environmental pollution and ecological disruption can not be caused, plant residue will be cleared up in time after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making to include melon agriculture Organic substance climing, straw to be all integrated into utilizing, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all to reclaim and to be used.

Organic melon wilt described in step (3) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of Fructus Melo after shining soil；Including: select suitable melon variety, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming, outdoor cropping is generally adopted zanjon height furrow covering with ground sheeting and cultivates with climbing, and facility cultivation is generally adopted zanjon height furrow, covering with ground sheeting, under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse hang climing cultivation.

Described melon variety is the kind of kind or the applicable facility cultivation being suitable for outdoor cropping, the kind being suitable for outdoor cropping is Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties precocious, that cold-resistant, heat-resisting, disease-resistant, pol is high, raciness, yield high, applicable locality is cultivated, including: Fengtian No. 1, south China 108, the sweet king of the U.S., Japanese sweet treasured, white sand honey；Be suitable for the kind of facility cultivation be grow when low temperature and poor light, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, quality is excellent, is suitable for middle small fruit type precocity thick-skinned melon variety or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, including: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver honey, the kingfisher world fragrant, sweet are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold monarch beautiful, clear No. 1, gold honey 6, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west.

Above-mentioned kind is to adopt the seed processed without banned substance, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

The nursery of Fructus Melo includes common nursery and graft seedling growth, and common nursery is nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth；Graft seedling growth is strong with Fructus Melo grafting affinity for selecting, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, the stock variety not affecting Fructus Melo quality and local flavor carries out graft seedling growth, stock variety includes: the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special stock Fructus Melo (this anvil) kind century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral height iron prop.

Above-mentioned common nursery generally in late Febuary～mid-March begins at nursery in hot house, the field planting when seedling has 2～3 leaf 1 heart；Above-mentioned graft seedling growth generally in mid or late Febuary～begin at nursery in the greenhouse of the condition of heating or booth mid-March, when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling occurs to firm expansion, scion young plant leaf start turn green to cotyledon open and flat time carry out grafting, go out garden field planting when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart～3 leaf 1 heart.

Above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming, outdoor cropping in by the end of March～early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April, every mu of field planting 700～900 strain；Facility cultivation is in late March～early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April, every mu of field planting 1200～1500 strain.

The planting type of Fructus Melo includes cultivating with climbing or hanging climing cultivation, the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: the pinching when main climing 4～6 true leaves, the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, wait the son selected and remain is climing have 5～6 true leaves time pinching again, climing 3～4 of the healthy and strong grandson of the different direction of growth of selecting and remain on son is climing, when, after the climing seat melon of grandson, staying 2 true leaf pinching after children's melon；The Plant adjustment mode hanging climing cultivation is: the pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay climing 2 of son, when the lateral bine of climing 7～11 joints of son is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, adopt artificial supplementary pollination or put in a suitable place to breed Apis supple-mentary pollination promote bear fruit, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, after first melon expands, when the 15th～20 lateral bine saved that son is climing is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, adopt artificial supplementary pollination or put bearing fruit of Apis supple-mentary pollination promotion second batch melon in a suitable place to breed, fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, son is climing stays 5～10 joints to pinch more than joint position of bearing fruit, the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.

The fertilization principle of above-mentioned Fructus Melo organic farming is based on base manure, rationally topdress, it is used as base manure by more than the 80% of total fertilization amount, execute decomposed dung 2000～3000kg, cake fertilizer 50～100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, during in conjunction with whole ground, fertilizer is uniformly applied in the arable layer of Fructus Melo field planting row, after majority of plant is beared fruit, want heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 40～80kg executing become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer or Organic certification agency qualification, adopt ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, pouring water in time after topdressing.

Organic paddy rice cultivation described in step (3) include organic late rice and organic morning rice growing, specifically: previous crops Fructus Melo is gathered cleaning rural area after end, pour water and turn over and use sufficient 1 batch of late rice of cultivation after base manure；Late rice selects the Early-mid ripening kind of suitable local environment in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, and mid-October gathers in；Then 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating, gathered haricot as green manure, the Semen Viciae fabae straw after haricot of gathering is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation in mid or late April next year；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after early rice harvesting Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

Above-mentioned organic paddy rice planting and selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local environment, quality reach country and plant excellent non-transgenic Early-mid ripening late rice and the early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through the organic paddy rice seed of Organic certification agency qualification；Adopting water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu prior to seeding and executes fully become thoroughly decomposed high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg and make base manure for 3～5 days；The late rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls within 28 days, and the early rice length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic paddy rice carries out the rational application of fertilizer according to front short, middle control, fertilization principle steady afterwards, execute farm organic fertilizer 1000～2000kg or cake fertilizer 100～200kg, the ground phosphate rock 30～50kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with ploughing soil every mu and make base manure, after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose the cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make tillering fertilizer, after dry field rehydration at once every mu execute the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (3) is: clean rural area in time after the harvesting of previous crops late rice, zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean at once, suitable vegetable broad bean kind is selected to sow mid-October, the short precocity of training in time after emerging, mid or late April next year gathers as early as possible and as green manure, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil after haricot, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

Above-mentioned vegetable broad bean kind is Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain is full greatly, fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration are shorter, cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of suitable local climate condition, including: large broad bean, Folium Isatidis are flat, the big grain in east, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face silkworm No. 5, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, select the seed processed without banned substance, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic vegetable broad bean is typically in about mid-October to sow, adopt bunch planting, 1～2 seed of every bunch planting kind, every mu of sowing 2500～3000 caves, during sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung or farmyard manure with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makes lid seed manure.

The short precocity of above-mentioned timely training is: in stem 5～7 leaf phase, pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, the side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin wither time each side shoot stop 5～7 joint spend after pinch in time, to control to nourish and grow, concentrate the growth of nutrient supply soybean pod.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (3) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, uses sufficient 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis of cultivation after base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis select be suitable for locality cultivation kind, in April early and middle ten days begin with two-phase method cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

Above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated, the kind selected is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, it is suitable for working as in the high yield of cultivation, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm make seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster is consistent, individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, there is the bulb of this varietal characteristic, adopt stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into the seedbed of the wide 100～150cm of furrow, plant the clean clear water of shepherd's purse to soak 18～24 hours, taking-up neatly comes after draining open fire in seedbed and carries out upland nursery, regularly water maintenance ground moistening to lifting, early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants as kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm to rice seedling bed and carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, after using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed carries out rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, use sufficient base manure, farm organic fertilizer 2000～the 3000kg such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung or the person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makes base manure, and acid heavier soil also to execute quick lime 50～100kg/ mu when ploughing；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage is based on potash fertilizer, topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplanting combines first time and intertills every mu and execute the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, topdress for the 2nd time every 10～15 days, execute the cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with weeding every mu and promote envelope row, topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days 3rd time, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Organic farming alternating method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Melo is a kind of happiness fertilizer high-efficiency and economic crop avoiding continuous cropping, the requirement of rich water is higher, and pest species is many, harm weight, due to reasons such as the accumulation of pathogen during continuous cropping, the generation ratio of the soil-borne diseases such as droop is more serious, it is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Melo continuous cropping, chemical fertilizer, pesticide make consumption increase year by year to can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer even in a large number, pesticide, also there will be the phenomenon of the underproduction year by year, so Fructus Melo common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if Fructus Melo to carry out organic farming must initially set up scientific and reasonable rotation system.Semen Viciae fabae is the important vegetable of China, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, also it is the elite crop of development winter kind production, but the oozy organic acid of Semen Viciae fabae root system can make soil acidity increase the weight of, and affects the breeding activity of root nodule bacteria and soil microorganism, so Semen Viciae fabae avoids continuous cropping, it is desirable to carry out rice field-upland field rotation.Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Melo carry out rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density.The present invention adopts Fructus Melo to carry out scientific and reasonable crop rotation with field crop Oryza sativa L., legume Semen Viciae fabae and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis, except can increasing yield per unit area and raising product quality, increasing economic efficiency, the more important thing is and form distinct floods and droughts ecological environment by rice field-upland field rotation, it is possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment, reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, but also soil fertility structure can be improved, form the change that soil physical and chemical property etc. is had complementary advantages, promote the reparation of soil environment；Zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean after late rice harvesting, Semen Viciae fabae gather haricot listing eat raw as vegetable, not only good in economic efficiency, but also can allow stubble early, being conducive to the growth of succession crop, after haricot of gathering, as green manure, straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then cultivation early rice can not only reach the purpose of province's fertilizer, high yield, still prevent the organic acid accumulation that Semen Viciae fabae causes because of continuous cropping root nodule bacteria to secrete, be conducive to the breeding of Semen Viciae fabae root nodule bacteria and the activity of beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms；After every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, achieve the recovery of the soil organism preferably, improve soil fertility, the benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reaching the purpose of organic farming.The present invention cultivates in strict accordance with prescription and the production specifications of organic farm products, whole production process does not use pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, the artificial synthetic such as hormone is cultivated, by selecting the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base, select suitable kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, adopt various feasible field management comprehensive technical measure, make full use of light, heat, water, gas, the resources such as fertilizer, creation is conducive to Fructus Melo and rotation crop vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis and rice growth and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, it is possible not only to realize organic melon wilt in same organic farming production base, organic paddy rice can also be realized, the cultivation of organic vegetable broad bean and organic Corm Eleocharitis.Within a period of crop-rotation, the yield of 1 batch of organic Fructus Melo is: outdoor cropping 1800～2200kg/ mu, facility cultivation 2000～2500kg, the yield of 1 batch of organic late rice is 550～650kg/ mu, the haricot yield of 1 batch of organic vegetable broad bean is 1200～1500kg/ mu, the yield of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480～560kg/ mu, and the yield of 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis is 1500～2500kg/ mu.The Fructus Melo produced is excellent with rotation crop Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and Corm Eleocharitis not only quality, meets the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, do not have notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation.The science of technology of this organic farming alternating method are reasonable, and practicality is with workable, good in economic efficiency, it it is a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation mode, it is suitable for extensive organic farming, there are good society, economy and ecological benefits, there is in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River wide popularizing application prospect.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select the place being suitable for set up organic farming production base

The foundation of organic farming production base must comply with the production principle of organic agriculture, and the relevant environmental condition of production base has to comply with country's organic agriculture place of production standard.So to select that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage be convenient, good away from city and industrial and mining area (general require at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological condition, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the polluter such as soot (within least 5 kilometers of periphery pollution-free source) and traffic backbone, and organic farming production base is set up in the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity.Production base soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995), and require that physical features physicochemical property invigorating, soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, deep fertile, the effective soil layer of soil layer reaches more than 60 centimetres, drainage of soil venting capability is good, biological activity by force, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012), it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should be of certain scale, and general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with the plot carrying out conventional production therebetween, but allow there is organic conversion plot.Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, reaches in field that irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded in the field outside, it is sharp to fill defecation.Must there be obvious isolation strip in organic production base with the conventional plot intersection that produces, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc..If plot, edge is likely subject to the impact that contiguous conventional plot is polluted, then buffer strip or the physical barrier of about 10m must be set between organic and conventional plot, to ensure that organic plot is not contaminated.Consider that Cucumber can remain the quite a long time in the environment, typically require the transition period of 2 years to organic production conversion by conventional production systems, could as organic products after the agricultural product results such as the Fructus Melo cultivated thereafter, i.e. Fructus Melo and other agricultural product of cultivation in the 3rd year are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Principle is produced according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, the agricultural technology adopting a series of sustainable developments such as breeding combination, circular regeneration, the balance of maintenance farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, in whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Semen Viciae fabae is important vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, after vegetable broad bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can effectively improve soil physical and chemical property, improve soil organic matter content, enrichment and increase soil nutrient, it is effectively improved soil fertility, multiple available nutrient can be provided for succession crop, reach the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility and promoted the agriculture cultivation that organises, so 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of plantation is possible not only to obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, nutrient is supplemented for soil, improvement Soil structure, production for agricultural product such as organic Fructus Melos is taken a firm foundation.Only allow green manure and the straw-returning fertilizing soil such as application of organic fertilizers and plantation legume, fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed will be used.The fertilizer such as chicken manure, pig manure need to carry out harmless treatment in 2 months before administration, fertilizer is mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully become thoroughly decomposed.Shortcoming slowly is discharged for fertilizer early stage available nutrient, what can allow for use has the microorganism fertilizers such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the root nodule bacteria of potassium decomposing effect, bacillus cereus, photosynthetic bacteria and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nutrients release is accelerated in activity through probiotics, promotes the crop effective utilization to nutrient.Allow the fertilizer type used except animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, it be also possible to use the materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through organic fertilizer and the microbial manure of Organic certification agency qualification.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", ecosystem from whole farmland production environment, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, create and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to all kinds of natural enemy to multiply, reduce the loss that disease pest and weed causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, adopt biological and physical method preventing and treating, do not use the pesticide of synthetic to carry out chemical prevention.Cultural control is mainly by selecting the kind of resistance, the cultivation management carrying out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis strong sprout, adopt various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out science, creating is conducive to crop growth to be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.The biological ecological environment being to try to protection production base with physical control, maintains the ecological balance of nature, and the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilizing the intrinsic light that becomes of insect, the taste that becomes to catch and kill insect, every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01) and carried out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, some mineral allowing to use and plant medical agent can be utilized to carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture with limitation.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so plant residue will be cleared up after every batch of crop harvesting in time, thoroughly sweep, clean base, plant invalid body is all transported and destroys or buried outside base, to reduce pest and disease damage radix.Heap after climing for melon or straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making the agricultural Organic substances such as climing, the straw of melon all be integrated into utilizing.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. adopt rational rotation cropping method to carry out organic farming

Continuous cropping avoided by Fructus Melo, during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as droop occurs serious, and it is susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, light then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so the rotation plan of science must be formulated during Fructus Melo organic farming, set up rational rotation system, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, study and summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Fructus Melo organic farming rotation system and be: Fructus Melo late rice vegetable broad bean (the 1st year) early rice Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), every 2 years is a period of crop-rotation.After 1 batch of Fructus Melo of cultivation in 1st year, cultivate 1 batch of late rice, then 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating；After in mid or late April, the 2nd vegetable broad bean is gathered, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, every mu of Semen Viciae fabae can fix nitrogen 13kg, plantation Semen Viciae fabae after soil fertility can be improved significantly, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation, after early rice harvesting, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately to take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivating 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis again, Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated by above-mentioned rotation cropping pattern after gathering again.

(1) Fructus Melo organic production

Fructus Melo outdoor cropping spring and summer can adopt covering with ground sheeting to cultivate with climbing, but for the harmful effect alleviated or overcome the unfavourable weather conditions such as In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River low temperature overcast and rainy day in early spring weather is many, at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, air humidity be big that Fructus Melo particularly thick-skinned melon is cultivated, alleviate pest and disease damage harm, reduce the risk of common outdoor cropping, to ensure the yield and quality of Fructus Melo particularly thick-skinned melon, reach high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient purpose, the facility cultivations such as booth can also be adopted, it is desirable to adopt galvanized steel pipe greenhouse, under-film drip irrigation, hang climing cultivation.Greenhouse facility cultivation can heat in early spring, to promote that Fructus Melo grows, can prevent Fructus Melo from standing the spray of rainwater particularly heavy rain in summer or heavy rain simultaneously, reduce the invasion and attack of pest and disease damage；Under-film drip irrigation can be prevented effectively from the disease spread that broad irrigation causes, and also can effectively reduce air humidity in canopy；Hang climing cultivation and can increase planting density, be effectively improved ventilation and penetrating light condition.On the basis of above cultivation management measure, enhancing field management, keep epidemic disaster suitable in canopy in conjunction with rational ventilation, it is possible to creating the environmental condition being conducive to Muskmelon Growth, thus improving the resistance of Fructus Melo, it is ensured that the success of organic farming.

1. of the right age anosis strong sprout is cultivated

Fruit variety: in current China but without, when obtaining organic muskmelon seeds of certification, the seed processed without banned substance being selected, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Precocity is generally selected in outdoor cropping, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, disease-resistant, pol is high, raciness, yield high, be suitable for the Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, such as Fengtian No. 1, south China 108, the sweet king of the U.S., Japanese sweet treasured, white sand honey etc..Facility cultivation may select grow when low temperature and poor light, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, quality is excellent, is suitable for middle small fruit type precocity thick-skinned melon variety or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, as Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver honey, fragrant, the sweet world of kingfisher etc. are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold monarch beautiful, clear No. 1, gold honey 6, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west.

Nurturing staff: general in late Febuary～mid-March begins at and adopts nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth in hot house.Temperature is adopted to scald seed soaking to kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries, namely seed is put in 55 DEG C of warm water (1 part of cold water converted by 2 parts of boiled water) of seed weight 3～4 times, it is stirred continuously, water temperature continues seed soaking 4～5 hours after being down to room temperature, then wrap with wet gauze and be placed on accelerating germination at 28～30 DEG C of temperature, can sow when major part seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.After planting cover 1cm thickness Nutrition Soil, water permeable, be then covered by mulch film.Before coming up, canopy temperature is maintained at 25～35 DEG C, opens mulch film when more than 50% comes up in time and suitably reduces temperature, and canopy temperature control 20～25 DEG C by day is not less than 15 DEG C night.1st true leaf can properly increase temperature after launching, canopy temperature control 25～28 DEG C by day, night temperature 16～20 DEG C, to promote growth of seedling.5～7 days before field planting start seedling exercising, make seedling adapt to external environment gradually.Seedling age about 30 days, gets final product field planting when seedling has 2～3 leaf 1 heart.

In order to improve resistance and the adaptability of Fructus Melo, prevent the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as droop, can select strong with Fructus Melo grafting affinity, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect the quality of Fructus Melo and the stock variety of local flavor, anvil as glad in pumpkin variety capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special stock Fructus Melo (this anvil) kind century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral height iron prop etc. carry out graft seedling growth.General in mid or late Febuary～begin at nursery in the greenhouse of the condition of heating or booth mid-March, when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling occurs to firm expansion, scion young plant leaf start to turn green to cotyledon open and flat time carry out grafting, adopt the method for plant propagation with cutting to carry out grafting.After grafting, graft seedling growth management method is managed routinely.Seedling age 35～45 days, can go out garden field planting when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart～3 leaf 1 heart.

2. field planting in good time

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis turns over solarization in vain early after gathering, base manure is used sufficient before field planting, execute decomposed dung 2000～3000kg, cake fertilizer 50～100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, during in conjunction with whole ground, fertilizer is uniformly applied in the arable layer of Fructus Melo field planting row, in order to Root Absorption for every mu.Outdoor cropping is generally adopted zanjon height furrow covering with ground sheeting and cultivates with climbing, furrow width (bag ditch) 1.8～2.0m, and holds successfully and enclose ditch, furrow ditch, accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates in order to draining；Facility cultivation can adopt cultivates or hangs climing cultivation with climbing, many employing zanjon height furrow, covering with ground sheeting, under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse hang climing cultivation, each standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouse (30m × 6m) opens zanjon in the middle of canopy, 2 little high furrow are respectively made in ditch both sides, lay 1 drip irrigation pipe in the middle of every little high furrow.

Timely field planting: outdoor cropping in by the end of March～early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April, field planting 1 row in the middle of every furrow, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, every mu of field planting 700～900 strain, if during field planting, temperature is relatively low can add a cover Small plastic shed insulation on furrow face；Facility cultivation is generally in late March～early and middle ten days covering with ground sheeting field planting in April, every furrow field planting duplicate rows, spacing in the rows 40～50cm, and general every mu of field planting 1200～1500 strain, each standard booth is kept a full stand of seedings about 400 strains.

3. field management

Plant adjustment: the Melon of outdoor cropping is the climing and climing knot melon of grandson based on son, is typically in timely pinching during main climing 4～6 true leaves, and the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, and the son wiping out other small and weak or unnecessary is climing；Wait the son selected and remain is climing have 5～6 true leaves time pinching again, 3～4 healthy and strong grandsons of the different direction of growth of simultaneously selecting and remain on son is climing are climing, wipe out other small and weak or unnecessary grandsons equally climing；When, after the climing seat melon of grandson, staying 2 true leaf pinching after children's melon, notice during pinching that son is climing, grandson is climing and be evenly distributed, and press soil block on son is climing.The pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves during facility cultivation, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, extracts the lateral bine of below the climing joint position of bearing fruit of son；When the lateral bine of climing 7～11 joints of son is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, and carry out artificial supplementary pollination or put in a suitable place to breed Apis supple-mentary pollination promote bear fruit, son climing pinch in 25 joint left and right (namely staying 5～10 joints to pinch after sub climing seat second batch fruit more than this bears fruit joint position), often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, after first melon fully expands, when the 15th～20 lateral bine saved that son is climing is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, and carry out artificial supplementary pollination or put bearing fruit of Apis supple-mentary pollination promotion second batch melon in a suitable place to breed, fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.

Rich water quality management: the fertilization principle of organic melon wilt, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, is used as base manure by more than the 80% of total fertilization amount.Can drink according to Seedling gesture after field planting survives and execute rare people and animals' fecaluria that becomes thoroughly decomposed 1 time as carrying seed manure, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer is wanted after majority of plant is beared fruit, every mu of organic fertilizer about 50kg executing become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer or Organic certification agency qualification, adopt ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, pour water in time after topdressing, can impose again according to growing way 1 time later.Generally watering 2～3 times, fruit maturation is gathered first 10 days and is not rewatered.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly adopt integrated pest control in agriculture, by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis strong sprout, carry out grafting cultivation with the cultivation management of science, adopt facility cultivation if desired, booth epidemic disaster is regulated by facility, covered with plastic film carries out the aggregate measures such as rain shelter cultivation, control temperature and air humidity well, create and be conducive to Muskmelon Growth to be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistance against diseases of plant.Next to that adopt biological and physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa prevent to eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum, when aphid insect density reaches 8～11 every mu, on melon is climing, hangs Ladybird egg card (every mu is hung 250 pieces) prevents eliminating aphis；With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the yellow insect-killing trapping such as plate, backboard, insect-killing trapping is carried out as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01), fall ovum amount so that insect is greatly reduced, force down insect population cardinal sum density, or every mu is hung yellow plate and the backboard insect-killing trapping that 30～40 block specifications are 25cm × 40cm；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, cover or close booth during facility cultivation with fly net and leak informaton mouth to stop that the physical measure such as insect entrance reach pest control, the purpose of protection beneficial insect.When pest and disease damage occurs heavier, the plant source Biocidal antibacterial such as soft soap, matrine or local growing plants (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant can be used to carry out pest control, as prevented and treated Liriomyzas with 2000～3000 times of liquid of neem oil, eliminate aphis and acarid with the tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh weight) is anti-, with the generation of Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and the pre-preventing disease and pest of Bulbus Allii leachate；Also rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr can be used with limitation, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture also can be used with limitation.The available mulch film all standing of prevention and control of weeds suppresses weed growth, it is possible to use improving straw mulching prevents weed growth, adopts artificial weeding if desired.

Additionally, in the course of cultivation, the branches and tendrils under bud drop, fallen flowers, fallen leaves, shedding, seacteur and disease pest strain, invalid strain, Lao Ye, sick leaf and deformity melon and weeds to be removed in time, eliminate vector and the source of infection etc. of pest and disease damage.

4. gather

Being open into fruit maturation Melon from female flower and generally need 25～30 days, thick-skinned melon is then slightly long.Outdoor cropping is in early June, and facility cultivation is in by the end of May to starting listing of gathering at the beginning of 6 months, and July, early and middle ten days was gathered end.The Fructus Melo quality produced is excellent, yield is high, meets the production requirement of organic Fructus Melo, and general yield outdoor cropping is 1800～2200kg/ mu, and facility cultivation is 2000～2500kg/ mu.Adopt facility cultivation, organic cultivation method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK1, select the soil cultivation not planting melon crop in nearly 3 years, use compound fertilizer 75kg for every mu, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, carbamide 20kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, chemical agent is used to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 4 times), common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2, rotation system is: spring stubble facility Fructus Melo late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice autumn stubble facility Fructus Melo dish Bowl bean (the 2nd year)) compare test, each process plants 3 standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouses (30m × 6m).Result of the test shows: the harm of the disease pest of the 1st～3rd period of crop-rotation of organic cultivation method of the present invention is all very light, stable yield, and not only product quality significantly improves than CK1, reaches the standard of organic products, and low unlike CK1 of average product；Common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2) is although the disease pest first period of crop-rotation endangers gently, yield is also higher, but the harm of the disease pest of the 2nd, the 3rd period of crop-rotation substantially increases the weight of, and yield significantly reduces (see table 1).

When table 1 organic cultivation method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK1), common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2) adopt facility cultivation spring and summer melon yield, quality and pest and disease damage a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) Oryza sativa L. (late rice and early rice) organic production

Fructus Melo is gathered and is cleaned rural area in time after end, and heap after climing for melon collection is made fertilizer, and turning over after pouring water in melon patch, the vexed canopy of high temperature 1 week is poured water to kill disease pest in canopy by elder generation of facility cultivation Fructus Melo, then removes canopy film and turn over, and then cultivates 1 batch of late rice.Rural area is cleaned in time after late rice harvesting, collect Caulis et Folium Oryzae to pile with manure of livestock and poultry etc. and make fertilizer, then horse back 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating, mid or late April next year vegetable broad bean is gathered after terminating and as green manure, straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

1. cultivate Oryza sativa L. anosis strong sprout in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local environment, quality reach country and plant excellent non-transgenic Early-mid ripening late rice and the early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through the organic paddy rice seed of Organic certification agency qualification.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill the pathogenic microorganism of the surface of the seed with 1% lime water, after cleaning with clear water, carry out presoaking and germinating according to a conventional method；Or kill the pathogen of the surface of the seed with boiling hot seed soaking of temperature, and to put in 55 DEG C of warm water by seed and soak seed 10～20 minutes, and be stirred continuously, water temperature carries out presoaking and germinating according to a conventional method after being down to room temperature, accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

Being generally adopted water-raised seedling method and concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu prior to seeding and executes fully become thoroughly decomposed high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg and make base manure for 3～5 days.Late rice is typically in mid or late June sowing, and during 1.0～1.5 leaf or within 5～7 days before transplanting, chase after appropriate rare night soil or methane liquid send and transfers fertilizer, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 28 days.Early rice is typically in late March～early April sowing, after planting keeps seedling bed to moisten to 1.5 leaves, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills horse race water, and fine day takes off film ventilation seedling exercising before midday afterwards, it is prevented that rice shoot is burnt, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, transplants first 3 days and all takes off film；5～7 days suitably rare night soil of the amount of chasing after or methane liquids before transplanting, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: the previous crops of late rice is Fructus Melo, the previous crops of early rice is vegetable broad bean, apply fertilizer during due to cultivation Fructus Melo more, fertilizer of having a surplus is not finished, the straw of vegetable broad bean ploughs under, as green manure, soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, so base manure need not be too many during rice-cultivating, execute farm organic fertilizer 1000～2000kg or cake fertilizer 100～200kg, the ground phosphate rock 30～50kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed general with ploughing soil every mu and makees base manure, after turning over keep 3～3.3cm water layer harrow a field, plough rake whole after prepare rice transplanting.

Timely rice transplanting: be generally adopted and manually plant or transplanting.Late rice is in mid or late July rice transplanting, and Reference Strains line-spacing 18cm × 20cm, Planting Densities every mu 1.8～2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, every root and stem of certain plants inserts 2～4 young plants suckering plant of 1 paddy (1 young plant be), participates Basic Seedling 70,000～90,000 for every mu.Early rice is in mid or late April rice transplanting, Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, and every root and stem of certain plants inserts the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, participates Basic Seedling 70,000～100,000 for every mu.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front short, middle control, fertilization principle steady afterwards, suitably execute tillering fertilizer when base manure is sufficient and takes the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.After being typically in transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose the cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make tillering fertilizer, after dry field rehydration at once every mu execute the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Water management: filling draining should be made full use of to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create the field microclimate of suitable paddy growth.Late rice the deep water root and stem of certain plants, shallow water tiller (i.e. shallow water rice transplanting alive, then 5～the 7cm that pours water at once facilitates work, the short tiller of early stage shallow irrigation after turning green), enough timely dry fields of Seedling (namely starting dry field when Seedling number reaches 200,000/mu left and right), open crackle for degree, intermittent irrigation after rehydration with solarization to Tanaka's mud face sclerderm, limit, field, accomplish there is water strong bud heading, moistens strong seed, later stage, dry dry and wet wet to maturation, it is prevented that dehydration is too early.The water management of early rice accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field, to moisten after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after 2～3 days draining open fields, to cultivate good root system, shallow water is answered in open field again after 2～3 days, the later stage can not dehydration too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially adopt cultural control, field microclimate is improved by selecting disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strong seedling, rational close planting, applying organic manure, removing the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time, make its ventilation and penetrating light good, strengthen the resistance of plant self, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, reduce the place that pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early seal row, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and adopting.Next to that adopt biological and physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, such as trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when rice field moth worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented and treated the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields and control weeds in field；Adopting the insects such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest adopts yellow card's trap.When pest and disease damage is more serious, the biological pesticide preparation that can be selected for through Organic certification agency qualification is prevented and treated, as prevented and treated rice blast and false smut with bacillus subtilis wettable powder, with chemical control striped rice borer, rice leaf roller such as Bt preparation, azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating planthoppers such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations.

5. gather in the crops

Late rice is generally ripe in about mid-October, and early rice is ripe in mid or late July.Gather in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single receipts, singles, list solarization, single storage, unified sale after drying.Average per mu yield late rice is 550～650kg, and early rice is 480～560kg.

(3) vegetable broad bean organic production

Vegetable broad bean refers to the big grain type Semen Viciae fabae that haricot stripping grain of gathering eats as vegetable, vegetable broad bean is as a kind of delicious vegetables in season in spring, it is rich in vitamin, it is subject to liking of more and more people, have been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people, enrich the dining table of people, so the wide market of vegetable broad bean.Semen Viciae fabae haricot listing of gathering is eaten raw as vegetable, not only good in economic efficiency, but also can allow stubble early, is conducive to the growth of succession crop.Green manure is made in the Semen Viciae fabae straw green manuring after haricot of gathering, and is high-quality fertilizer, is conducive to fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.Semen Viciae fabae planted in fall Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, and pest and disease damage occurs few, and cultivation management is relatively easy, and cost is low, and planting benefit is good.Therefore, cultivation vegetable broad bean has good economy, society, ecological benefits.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Select Resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, resistance to lodging, grain is full greatly, fresh and tender, high yield, high-quality, period of duration are shorter, cooked food type Vicia Faba morning of suitable local climate condition, when not obtained organic Broad Bean Seeds of certification, the seed processed without banned substance should be selected, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Optional large broad bean, Folium Isatidis are flat, the big grain in east, Ling Xi one-inch, the big Rhizoma Euonymus of Japan, kind silkworm No. 1, Japan one-inch bean, Xiangyang Padfoot, face the kinds such as silkworm No. 5, Shanghai Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride.

Bask seeds before sowing 1～3 day, to improve activity and the water absorbing capacity of seed.Adopt temperature to scald seed soaking, seed is put in the warm water of 55 DEG C seed soaking and within 10～15 minutes, kills the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries, be stirred continuously to water temperature and be down to about 30 DEG C, more at room temperature seed soaking 1 day.For promoting formation and the growth of root nodule bacteria, improving nitrogen fixing capacity, nitragin can be adopted to dress seed, every 12kg seed mixes nitragin 100g, namely mixes and namely uses.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of vegetable broad bean is late rice, cleans rural area in time after late rice harvesting, opens the ditch of 1 wide about 30cm every 3.0～3.5m in field at once, and hold successfully enclose ditch, in order to draining, then no-tillage and direct-seeding vegetable broad bean on furrow face.It is typically in about mid-October to sow, adopts bunch planting, the deep 5cm in cave, 1～2 seed of every bunch planting kind, suitable thin planting, every mu of sowing 2500～3000 caves.General every furrow kind 5 row, Reference Strains line-spacing 35～40cm × 60～65cm, sowing quantity 7～15kg/ mu, it is ensured that about the strain of every mu of seedling 5000.During sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred decomposed dung or farmyard manure with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makes lid seed manure.

3. field management

Rich water quality management: generally do not need to topdress, if being presented with fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit after emerging and executing 1 seed manure, executes thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～800kg for every mu and promotes growth of seedling healthy and strong and nodule formation, simultaneously facilitates proleptic branch.Also flower, pod fertilizer can be suitably imposed in early flowering season and fruiting period.The rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, and except special year generally need not pour water especially, as excessive rainfall draining in time should drop stain, the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.

The short precocity of training in time: Semen Viciae fabae bears pods mainly by side shoot, training is to promote Semen Viciae fabae collateral generation, precocious, early go public, increase production and improve a Main Cultivation Measures of commodity, because training not only can improve field ventilation and penetrating light, alleviate the generation of pest and disease damage, and the nutrient reasonable distribution of scalable plant, promote bear pods and do sth. in advance maturation.It is typically in stem 5～7 leaf phase (namely when the compound leaf being made up of 5～7 lobules occurs in half plant), pinching when base portion has 1～2 side shoot bud, to extract 1 leaf 1 heart for degree, side shoot is promoted early to send out, often selecting good strains in the field for seed and stay 5～7 healthy and strong side shoots, before striving for the winter, individual plant reaches the healthy and strong side shoot (effective branch) of about 5.The side shoot base portion selected and remain the flowers are in blossom begin wither time (the first pod phase when the tender pod of root has 1～3cm long) each side shoot stop 5～7 joint spend after pinch in time, extract top 1 leaf 1 heart, to control to nourish and grow, concentrate the growth of nutrient supply soybean pod, thus promoting that soybean pod growth promoter and Semen Viciae fabae are precocious.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly adopt cultural control, and pest and disease damage can pass through to select Resistant kind, selects disease-free seed begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition with in time training, hold drain ditch in the field successfully reduces field humidity, pull out the measures such as diseased plant, sick leaf and disease pod in time prevents and treats.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create the environmental condition being conducive to natural enemy to survive, adopt frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, hang silver grey film bar repellent aphid etc..Bacillus thuringiensis, muscardine, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Avermectins antibiotic prevention and elimination of disease and pests can be used if desired, reddish macules can spray the Bordeaux mixture of 12 100 at the initial stage of a disease, aphid can with the 200 times of liquid preventing and treatings of 5% rotenone emulsifiable solution, also can with onion-skin in 12 ratios to water soaking 24 hours, after filtration, extracting juice adds suitable quantity of water dilution spraying preventing and treating.

4. timely collecting

Vegetable broad bean Post flowering 25～30 days, when soybean pod is full, seed is light green, hilum not yet turn black before for Harvesting Date, gather in time by stages.Being typically in early April starts to gather, it is desirable in mid or late April, end of gathering allows stubble as early as possible.The haricot yield of general vegetable broad bean is 1200～1500kg/ mu.Gather and immediately straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure after haricot, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

(4) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding ridge weeds and stubble.Execute the farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung or the person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with real tillage every mu, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makes base manure.Acid heavier soil also to execute quick lime 50～100kg/ mu when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layer, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud works, clay fertilizer, grass is clean, water is sufficient treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, it is suitable for the high yield of locality cultivation, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as improved seeds such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitiss.

Reserving seed for planting and kind of shepherd's purse selects: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm make seed field.Take profile rounding when gathering, epidermis is passed the winter without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature, it is also possible to preserves at field wintering and has dug direct nursery March in next year.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin should adopt two-phase method nursery, i.e. stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery, shepherd's purse 110～200, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg need to be planted in every mu of land for growing field crops.A. first stage nursery (upland nursery): be typically in early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, soil hoe carefully uprooted broken, is made into the seedbed of the wide 100～150cm of furrow；In Corm Eleocharitis digging after preserving from that preserve or field wintering, reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster is consistent, individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, there is the bulb of this varietal characteristic, soak 18～24 hours with clean clear water, take out and drain open fire, neatly come in seedbed according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5～8cm, make terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after spray vola water, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, and the maintenance ground moistening that regularly waters is to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, and after entering May, available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed as kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second stage nursery.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): generally select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, execute the farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or the dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and make base manure, turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, transplantation of seedlings from cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, the deepest in 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and should gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water or rare methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or rare methane liquid 500～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

It is typically in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, and the field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is too high, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay the high 30～35cm of cladode, or tip of a branch discounting is planted in water, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce the generation of pest and disease damage, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, will use sufficient base manure in good time, early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage is based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine first time after turning green and intertill every mu and execute the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to promote tiller plant division morning；Topdress every 10～15 days, be approximately in the mid-August of plant vigorous growth for 2nd time, execute the cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with weeding every mu and promote envelope row；Topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days 3rd time, balling fertilizer is imposed in right amount according to full field growing state, be typically on the ground cladode color burn, the center strain of ramet when starting pumping scape every mu execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote to tie shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to the root and stem of certain plants of living after field planting, keep shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division after turning green, later along with plant strain growth is accelerated to deepen gradually to pour water, vigorous period keeps water layer 6～9cm, by the end of August at the beginning of 9 months as stem and leaf over growth want appropriateness draining dry field, to suppress too much plant division, promote to tie shepherd's purse ahead of time, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October, field started to cut off the water supply, and maintenance shallow water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out first time intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Combining every 10～15 days topdresses for the second time carries out weeding in second time, it has been found that the ground of Miao Mi can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promotes ventilation and penetrating light, makes strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, as efficent rotation, select Resistant kind, select anosis field to reserve seed for planting, select anosis kind of ball to make kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, residual for field stem dead leaf was all removed after withering by cladode, focused on or retting compost, rooted out limit, field weeds, reduced the primary source of infection of pest and disease damage in the coming year；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string fills, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce humidity, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface firmly, the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after the junction；Land for growing field crops plough when turning over every mu execute quick lime 50～100kg and carry out soil disinfection.Advocate and adopt biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Adopt frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., adopt yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field buried, if desired can with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease, with Bt preparation pest control.

5. gather

Being approximately in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts withered and yellow from top to bottom and withered lodging gradually, and when bulb color of the leather is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.After being typically in mid-December, mean daily temperature is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, the sweet succulence of taste, for most optimum period of gathering.Collection period was advisable with early Febuary in late December to next year.General yield 1500～2500kg/ mu.

In sum, Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean and Corm Eleocharitis not only quality that organic farming alternating method of the present invention produces are excellent, meet the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, do not have notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；In planting process, pest and disease damage occurs gently, soil fertility obtains and is effectively improved, and adopts the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, and whole structure performance is stable, it does not have occur that pest and disease damage increases the weight of the phenomenon declined year by year with yield year by year.

Claims (10)

1. a Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up；

(2) following rotation system is adopted to cultivate: cultivation successively in the 1st year: Fructus Melo late rice vegetable broad bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, every 2 years is a period of crop-rotation；

(3) organic Fructus Melo, organic paddy rice, organic vegetable broad bean and the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis are carried out according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

2. a kind of Fructus Melo according to claim 1, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterized in that, organic farming production base described in step (1) is traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot with other polluter and traffic backbone, and there are the agricultural producing areas of sustainable production capacity, soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB15618-1995), irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), ambient air quality is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012)；The cultivated area of each organic farming production base is not less than 10 hectares, and production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and there are obvious isolation strip or buffer strip in organic production base with the conventional plot intersection that produces.

3. a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial chemistry synthetic including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator, do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem；

Only allowing application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil in whole cultivation, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed；Except using animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, could be used that organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed is based on integrated pest control in agriculture, adopt biological and physical method preventing and treating, the pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, the mineral allowing to use or plant medical agent is utilized to carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr can also be used, and include bacillus thuringensis, the microorganism of Bt preparation and preparation thereof and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, could be used that sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture prevention and elimination of disease and pests；

To maintain stablizing of farmland ecosystem in process of production, environmental pollution and ecological disruption can not be caused, plant residue will be cleared up in time after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making to include melon agriculture Organic substance climing, straw to be all integrated into utilizing, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all to reclaim and to be used.

4. a kind of Fructus Melo according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterized in that, organic melon wilt described in step (3) is: previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is turned over after gathering early, cultivates 1 batch of Fructus Melo after shining soil；Including: select suitable melon variety, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

5. a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described melon variety is the kind of kind or the applicable facility cultivation being suitable for outdoor cropping, the kind being suitable for outdoor cropping is Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties precocious, that cold-resistant, heat-resisting, disease-resistant, pol is high, raciness, yield high, applicable locality is cultivated, including: Fengtian No. 1, south China 108, the sweet king of the U.S., Japanese sweet treasured, white sand honey；Be suitable for the kind of facility cultivation be grow when low temperature and poor light, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, quality is excellent, is suitable for middle small fruit type precocity thick-skinned melon variety or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of locality cultivation, including: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver honey, the kingfisher world fragrant, sweet are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold monarch beautiful, clear No. 1, gold honey 6, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west.

6. a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the nursery of Fructus Melo includes common nursery and graft seedling growth, and common nursery is nutritive cube or hole plate seedling growth；Graft seedling growth is strong with Fructus Melo grafting affinity for selecting, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, the stock variety not affecting Fructus Melo quality and local flavor carries out graft seedling growth, stock variety includes: the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil 2, holy anvil 1, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, south anvil 1, south anvil 3, and special stock melon variety century star Fructus Melo, section's letter anvil 1, moral height iron prop.

7. a kind of Fructus Melo, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the planting type of Fructus Melo includes cultivating with climbing and hanging climing cultivation, the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: the pinching when main climing 4～6 true leaves, the healthy and strong son of 3～4 different directions of growth of selecting and remain is climing, wait the son selected and remain is climing have 5～6 true leaves time pinching again, climing 3～4 of the healthy and strong grandson of the different direction of growth of selecting and remain on son is climing, when, after the climing seat melon of grandson, staying 2 true leaf pinching after children's melon；The Plant adjustment mode hanging climing cultivation is: the pinching when seedling has 3～5 true leaves, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay climing 2 of son, when the lateral bine of climing 7～11 joints of son is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, adopt artificial supplementary pollination or put in a suitable place to breed Apis supple-mentary pollination promote bear fruit, often select good strains in the field for seed and stay 1～2 normotrophic children's melon, after first melon expands, when the 15th～20 lateral bine saved that son is climing is bloomed, 1～2 true leaf pinching is stayed after lateral bine female flower, adopt artificial supplementary pollination or put bearing fruit of Apis supple-mentary pollination promotion second batch melon in a suitable place to breed, fruit 1～2 is stayed in every strain again, son is climing stays 5～10 joints to pinch more than joint position of bearing fruit, the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.

8. a kind of Fructus Melo according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterized in that, organic paddy rice cultivation described in step (3) include organic late rice and organic morning rice growing, specifically: previous crops Fructus Melo is gathered cleaning rural area after end, pours water and turns over and use sufficient 1 batch of late rice of cultivation after base manure；Late rice selects the Early-mid ripening kind of suitable local environment in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, and mid-October gathers in；Then 1 batch of vegetable broad bean of zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating, gathered haricot as green manure, the Semen Viciae fabae straw after haricot of gathering is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation in mid or late April next year；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March～early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after early rice harvesting Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

9. a kind of Fructus Melo according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterized in that, organic vegetable broad bean cultivation described in step (3) is: clean rural area in time after the harvesting of previous crops late rice, zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating vegetable broad bean at once, suitable vegetable broad bean kind is selected to sow mid-October, the short precocity of training in time after emerging, mid or late April next year gathers as early as possible and as green manure, Semen Viciae fabae straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil after haricot, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

10. a kind of Fructus Melo according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, Oryza sativa L., vegetable broad bean, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterized in that, organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (3) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, uses sufficient 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis of cultivation after base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis select be suitable for locality cultivation kind, in April early and middle ten days begin with two-phase method cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.