CN104604607A

CN104604607A - Method for preventing diseases and reducing disasters of organic rice

Info

Publication number: CN104604607A
Application number: CN201510060328.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾花生
Original assignee: HUNAN ANBANG INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Current assignee: HUNAN ANBANG INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
Priority date: 2015-02-05
Filing date: 2015-02-05
Publication date: 2015-05-13

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preventing diseases and reducing disasters of organic rice. Deep water is poured on farmland by 2-7 cm, after ploughing and leveling are conducted, sundries floating on the water surface are salvaged after one to three hours, the sundries, including sclerotium, floating on the water surface are salvaged, and salvaged sundries are concentrated to be put at one position to be burnt or buried deep after being aired. The technological method is simple, use is convenient, cost is saved, time and labor are saved, the environment cannot be polluted, and pesticide residues of agricultural products are avoided.

Description

The method of organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation

Technical field

The present invention relates to pest technical field of biological control, in particular, relate to a kind of method of organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation.

Background technology

At present, China has the population of more than 60% to take rice as staple food.Estimate according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), the whole world annual rice disease loss account for 10% of gross yield, such as banded sclerotial blight wherein, occur to ripe omnidistance from seedling cultivation of rice, generally cause underproduction 5%-10%, serious a little any can underproduction 20%-30%, serious harm underproduction 40%-50%, even cause lodging to lose to receive, visible this disease hazard crop, particularly South Rice Region of China occur general and harm is serious.

A lot of diseases of paddy rice, cause the usual mainly sclerotium of the primary source of infection of morbidity, as banded sclerotial blight, be retained in the sclerotium quantity in soil, depend on the weight of 1 year occurring degree, fall ill light generally every mu have sclerotium 5000-10000 grain many have 3-5 ten thousand, the heavy sclerotium remained in soil of falling ill reaches more than 100,000, remain in the sclerotium in soil once run into suitable weather and environment, just sprout generation mycelia and stick to primary source of infection plant just becoming this disease.

Usually the method adopted in prior art has two kinds: one to be select disease-resistant breeding; Two is use chemical control.Many sections patent discloses the agricultural chemicals preventing and treating banded sclerotial blight, but the input of a large amount of agricultural chemicals not only increases the pesticide resistance of germ, also brings the Pesticide Residue of environmental pollution and agricultural product simultaneously.Patent CN104012290 discloses a kind of method being controlled rice sheath blight disease by rice field intercropping and interplanting arrowhead, the method does not use agricultural chemicals, solve the Pesticide Residue of environmental pollution and agricultural product, but incite somebody to action under using the method can make the Implantation Rate of paddy rice, significantly reduce the output of paddy rice.The invention provides one and neither use agricultural chemicals, the method for Rice Cropping rate can not be reduced again.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of method of organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation is provided, neither uses agricultural chemicals, the Pesticide Residue of environmental pollution and agricultural product can not be caused; Rice Cropping rate is not reduced yet.

Cause the sclerotium of the germ of rice disease on straw, rice stub or be scattered in soil and survive the winter.When Second Year is poured water wholely, sclerotium is kept afloat, and when temperature gos up, sclerotial germination produces mycelia, and germ can directly be invaded by the surface of leaf sheath or be invaded by wound, relies on air-flow or the propagation such as rice fulgorid, leafhopper, disease is constantly expanded.Removing sclerotium is one of important measures alleviating morbidity.

Concrete scheme of the present invention is:

1) by farmland irrigating deep water 2 ~ 7cm, leveling of turning over;

2) foreign material of keeping afloat are salvaged after 1 ~ 3 hour;

3) foreign material of salvaging are concentrated be put into a place, to burn after drying or buried.

Farmland irrigating deep water is turned over after leveling, sclerotium major part in soil swims in the water surface, after 1 ~ 3 hour, by upwind side, the foreign material of keeping afloat are comprised sclerotium and all drags for up, first drag for square field, after drag for lower square field, then the foreign material of salvaging are concentrated and be put into a place, to burn after drying or buried, 50% ~ 60% of the sclerotium existed in soil can be eliminated.

The degree of depth of farmland irrigating deep water is preferably 3 ~ 5cm.

The instrument of described salvaging foreign material can select soil to usurp, or an object that can leak, can Long-Time Service, with low cost.

Described soil usurps long 65-80cm, before openning 30-35cm, bottom width is below 45-50cm, and the degree of depth is 20-30cm, void size is less than 0.1-0.4cm.

Described soil is usurped the best 0.2cm of void size.

Technique scheme can each season or annual to implement once, and should implement in mid or late April or mid or late July, field remains sclerotium quantity and reduces, and crop can be made to fall ill less or not fall ill.

This technical method is simple, and easy to use, both saved cost, time saving and energy saving again, key to cause the Pesticide Residue of environmental pollution and agricultural product.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail.

Embodiment

The present embodiment chooses the experimental field in an Xianshan Moutain Peng Jia and Tai source nine liang area, and cultivation management uses peer-level, does not all use any agricultural chemicals, embodiment 1-6 before Rice Cropping, by farmland irrigating deep water 3 ~ 5cm, leveling of turning over; The foreign material of keeping afloat are salvaged after 2 hours; First drag for square field, after drag for lower square field, then the foreign material of salvaging are concentrated and are put into a place, to burn after drying or buried.

In embodiment 1-6, fishing tool used is that soil is usurped, long 70cm, before openning 30, bottom width is below 45cm, and the degree of depth is 25cm, and void size is not more than 0. 4cm, is generally 0.1-0.4 cm, is preferably 0.2 cm.

Comparative example 1-2 does not carry out pyrenomycetes salvaging.Table 1 remains sclerotium investigation result for rice field.Table 2 is field banded sclerotial blight incidence survey result.

Table 1 rice field remains sclerotium investigation result

Table 2 field banded sclerotial blight incidence survey result

Attached calculating state of an illness formula: sick level at different levels × reality morbidity strain number sum is taken advantage of percentage divided by investigation total strain number × highest number, drawn disease index.

Can find out that embodiment 1-6 is compared with comparative example 1-2 from table 1, table 2, after adopting technical scheme of the present invention, sclerotium number obviously reduces; Morbidity root and stem of certain plants number, diseased plant rate, disease index all obviously reduce.

Claims

1. a method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation, is characterized in that carrying out according to following steps: poured water in farmland, water depth 2 ~ 7cm, leveling of turning over; The foreign material of keeping afloat are salvaged after 1 ~ 3 hour; The foreign material of salvaging are concentrated and is put into a place, to burn after drying or buried.

2. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the degree of depth 3 ~ 5cm poured water in farmland.

3. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the foreign material of keeping afloat are salvaged in leveling of turning over after 2 hours.

4. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the instrument of described salvaging foreign material is that the soil that can leak is usurped.

5. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described soil is usurped, it is of a size of long 65-80cm, before openning 30-35cm, bottom width is below 45-50cm, and the degree of depth is 20-30cm, void size is less than 0.1-0.4cm.

6. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described soil is usurped, void size is 0.2cm.

7. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: salvage keep afloat foreign material time, first drag for square field, after drag for lower square field.

8. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in each season or annual to implement once.

9. the method for organic paddy rice diseases prevention mitigation according to claim 1, is characterized in that: implement in mid or late April or mid or late July.