CN103444477A - Super rice strengthening and harm control cultivation method based on prevention and control of diseases, insects, lodging and pollution - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a super rice strengthening and harm control cultivation method based on prevention and control of diseases, insects, lodging and pollution and aims to solve the problem that traditional rice cultivation methods easily cause diseases, insects, lodging and pollution. By harm control of cultivation environments, reducing disease and insect sources, harm control of seeds, timely sowing, cultivating to strengthen seedlings, reasonable close planting, filed management, effectively preventing and controlling diseases and insects, effective lodging prevention and the like, scientific management of the whole super rice cultivation process is achieved. Cultivation environmental conditions and technology favorable for normal growth of super rice and unfavorable for disease and insect generation are researched and created according to super rice cultivation features and generation features of diseases, insects, lodging and pollution, super rice growth conditions are improved effectively, and high quality and high yield of super rice are guaranteed. Tests show that an average of 53.2-59.6kg of high-quality rice is increased in each 667m<2> of super rice cultivated by the method, production value is increased by 138-155yuan, and evident economical, social and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Super hybridization rice body-building pest controlling cultivation method based on sick worm, lodging and pollution prevention

Technical field

The super hybridization rice body-building pest controlling cultivation method that is based on disease worm, lodging and pollution prevention the present invention relates to, belong to the rice cultivating technique field.

Background technology

Super hybridization rice is Super High Yielding Rice.The super hybridization rice kind refers to that the yield potentiality that the effective ways such as technology path that adopt ideotype to mould to combine with heterosis utilization are bred as is large, be improved largely on output than existing rice varieties after supporting Techniques for Super High-yielding Cultivation, and take into account the new rice variety of quality and resistance.Super hybridization rice has super conventional Rice and the large class of super hybridized rice two.Super hybridized rice is as excellent as Y two 302, No. 1, special excellent boat etc., is the main super hybridization rice of cultivation at present.

Super hybridization rice is compared with the semidwarf rice of extensively planting at present, and its plant type increases, rice straw increases slightly, the fringe type increases, the large spike length of grain, and per unit area yield is higher, can be rated as " tall person " in paddy rice, and output is higher, and " height " is larger.The variation of super hybridization rice plant type structure and nutrient component, and blindly irrational cultivation management measures such as " large loose water ", easily bringing out the Scale in Paddy Field Rice Diseases population quantity changes, as large as generation quantity such as rice fulgorid, banded sclerotial blight, false smut, rice blast, harm is serious, often occur that the grain farmer is frequent, excessive and blindly use agricultural chemicals to carry out the phenomenon of the extermination of disease and insect pest, not only cause that production cost is high, contaminated environment and paddy, also can't effectively control the harm of disease worm, super hybridization rice Yield and quality and edible safety are all caused and have a strong impact on.And super hybridization rice is because leaf area is large, plant is tall and big, and in the grouting maturation, spike of rice is more and more heavier, and plant lodging phenomenon easily occurs, and causes production loss and quality to descend.Therefore, the research super hybridization rice from the home environment to the field cultivation, fertilizer and water management, lodging prevention and control, prevent and cure diseases, worm is controlled in insect protected, the innoxious control of agricultural chemicals nonpollution environment, results etc., carry out the body-building pest controlling cultivation method research of scientific management, produce output high, product are of fine quality, the Paddy Products of edible safety, seem very important, but at present domestic there are no relevant bibliographical information.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention just is to provide a kind of super hybridization rice body-building pest controlling cultivation method based on sick worm, lodging and pollution prevention, creation is conducive to the normal fertility of super hybridization rice and is unfavorable for the technical measures of the planting environment condition that the disease worm is caused harm, effectively improve the super hybridization rice bearing status, make the robust plant growth, strengthen self resistance, control from being seeded into the omnidistance science of results, reduce harmful substance and pollute.Overcome the existing damage by disease and insect harm of traditional rice cultivating method serious, easily lodging, contaminated problem.

For achieving the above object, the present invention has taked following technical scheme, and the super hybridization rice body-building pest controlling cultivation method based on sick worm, lodging and pollution prevention comprises following concrete steps:

(1) planting environment is innoxious

(1-1) the selection o f production bases: production base should be chosen in field without the heavy metal such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and other poisonous and harmful substance is polluted and the zone of good, the suitable super hybridization rice growth of ecological condition; Production base should be apart from industrial and mining area and highway, more than trunk railway 500m, to avoid the impact of industry and urban pollution resource;

(1-2) irrigation water: the urban sewage that irrigation water will prevent from heavy metal and other poisonous and harmful substance, acid-base value are exceeded standard, industrial wastewater etc. are irrigated for agricultural production;

(1-3) prevent the discarded object residual contamination: the in time discarded pesticide bottle in field, collection and treatment rice field, packing bag for agricultural chemical, fertilizer packaging bag, plastics seedling dish, mulch film, canopy film etc. prevent agricultural production discarded object residual contamination home environment;

(2) reduce the pathogeny worm source that damage by disease and insect occurs

(2-1) efficent rotation: super hybridization rice and dry crop are carried out rice field-upland field rotation as the cowpea of legume, peanut etc., reduce insect pest and infectious disease primary infection source;

(2-2) plough deeply and shine soil: except winter kinds such as green manurings with extraterrestrial, rice field should drain the water in field plough and ted soil after autumn harvest finishes in 10-15d, before solarization is always extremely sowed in spring or spring sowing is made preparation for ploughing and sowing, to strengthen soil microbial activities, promote soil weathering, improve the soil physical chemistry situation, improve soil nutrient content, increase available nutrient and supply with; Eliminate worm partial wintering source, reduce the field poisonous and harmful substance and accumulate, lay a solid foundation for early rice raises productivity and improves the quality;

(2-3) the pupa control snout moth's larva that goes out of pouring water: the snout moth's larva of rice mainly survives the winter in rice stub with pupa, its following degree that causes harm becomes positive correlation with the worm source radix of surviving the winter, therefore, there is the place of water condition to utilize the snout moth's larva weak characteristics of phase resistance of pupating, spring the overwinter generation snout moth's larva pupate unified field in winter slack, the green manure field fill with deep water and soak and macerate of turning over of phase, to flood rice stub 7-10d; Turn in time in 10d after winter farming crop harvesting and after the harvesting of double cropping rice continuous cropping field early rice, pour water equally and flood rice stub 7-10d, can effectively reduce snout moth's larva of rice worm source radix;

(2-4) salvage sclerotium: rice sheath blight disease is mainly survived the winter in paddy soil by sclerotium, the rice field rear water surface that swims in a large number of pouring water, after pouring water in rice field, skim the sclerotium floated on the surface, reduce first bacterium source of contaminating, effectively alleviate the paddy rice incidence of disease in early stage, the method skimmed is after the field face is raked, and adds profundal zone to not having the field face, then the unrestrained slag and the sclerotium that float on the surface is picked up, choose from rice field, buried or dry and burn;

(3) seed harmless treatment

(3-1) bask seeds, choose seeds: select the fine day 0.5-1d that basks seeds before seed soaking, then with screening or clear water, choose full seed, classification seed soaking after choosing;

(3-2) seed soaking, sterilization: the super hybridization rice seed-borne fungi is one of primary source of infection of the diseases generations such as rice blast, false smut, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease, by seed soaking, sterilize, remove and be mixed in intraseminal not plump paddy, infected seed, worm grain and other impurity, elimination is attached to the germ on seed, while preventing from sowing, germ is brought into to field, to set up anosis rice seedling bed, the effective way of integrated control damage by disease and insect.Early make and first use clear water preimpregnation 6-8h, pick up and pour again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil into after washing kind) 450-500 times of sterilization immersion 6-8h, then with continuing seed soaking 6-8h after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing, make evening and first use Seed soaking 2-3h, using again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil) 450-500 times of liquid seed soaking 6-8h carry out seed disinfection, then with the 4-5h that soaks seed again after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing, the seed soaking process is changed water 1-2 time, picks up seed after soaking and clean to drain vernalization;

(3-3) seed dressing: carrying out the seed seed dressing before sowing is to kill to pass malicious medium white-backed planthopper, the major measure of " controlling lice prevents short " prevention and control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, when the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, be watered 100-200ml with 60% Imidacloprid FS10ml, pour 3-5kg in the seed rice of vernalization, fully mix thoroughly, sow after the 1-3h that dries in the air;

(4) begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling

(4-1) select sowing time: early rice was sowed in 20-March 10 February, late rice was sowed in 25-July 10 June, hidding and sunny side should be selected in rice seedling bed, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water source is clean, the soil is porous, the field more than middle fertility, accomplish that meticulous whole ground, lower sufficient base manure, light seeding are evenly broadcast, topdressed in good time, science Guan Shui, drought seedling, water-raised seedling, woven cloth interlayer are early made 23-28 days seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4-5 leaves; Make 20-25 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 4-5 leaves, mould plate seedling raising and early make 16-23 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3-4 leaves; Make 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 3-4 leaves, cultivate root system short and thick, Bai Genduo, and the seedling basal part of stem is slightly flat, 80% 1-2 of above rice shoot band tillers, it is green that seedling is endured leaf, evenly neat, without the strong seedling of damage by disease and insect, for prevention and control and the high yield of transplanting rear damage by disease and insect, lodging lays the first stone;

(4-2) the band medicine is transplanted: the front 2-4d of shoot transplanting equipment executes medicine, 667m one time ²with 25% pymetrozine wetting powder 20g, add 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution 100 ml, add 8% Ningnanmycin aqua 50ml, add 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 60 g, above-mentioned 4 kinds of medicaments mixing is watered the 30kg spraying, can alleviate causing harm of land for growing field crops leaf in tillering stage pest and rice fulgorid, rice thrips, snout moth's larva, the generation of prevention southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease;

(5) rational close planting

Rational close planting can promote the coordinated development of super hybridization rice individual plant and group structure, improves the warm optical condition in field, reduces the generation of damage by disease and insect; Strengthen prevention and control lodging ability; In strengthening photosynthesis, promote organic accumulation effectively, increase output, early make and transplant line-spacing 26.5-28.0cm, spacing in the rows 14.5-15.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.5-1.7 ten thousand caves; Make evening and transplant line-spacing 25.0-27.0cm, spacing in the rows 13.0-14.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.7-2.0 ten thousand caves;

(6) field management

(6-1) management of weeds is caused harm: after transplanting, 3-7d weeds are in sprouting to 1.5 leaf phases, 667m ²add urea 4-5kg with 50% butachlor emulsion 150ml and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, during dispenser, will there be 3-4cm water layer in field, water conservation 3-5d after dispenser;

(6-2) balance fertilizing: the super hybridization rice fertilizing amount determine by rice field fertility and target output, generally 667m ²the field of output 600-650kg, execute purity nitrogen 15 kg-16kg for every mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be take nitrogen fertilizer amount as benchmark, early makes according to N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.5:1.2 is used, and make according to N:P evening ₂o5:K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.4:1.1 is used, and early make nitrogenous fertilizer according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: the ratio that ear manuer is 3.5:4:2.5 is used; Make evening according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the ratio that granulated fertilizer is 3:3.5:2.5:1 is used; Phosphate fertilizer is all made base manure, and potash fertilizer 50% is made base manure, and 50% makes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, promotes the fertilizer deep placement technology, prevents the fertilizer volatilization, runs off;

(6-3) application of organic fertilizers material: the super hybridization rice fertilising should combine and use with inorganic fertilizer with fertilizer, control the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, the suitable organic manure kind of using comprises compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crops straw are fertile, sludge and cake fertilizer, described organic manure kind is selected should suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot and use, and amount of application is every 667m ²execute 750kg-1000kg, while ploughing whole ground of rake in rice field, use and make base manure;

(6-4) the development biology is increased soil fertility: sow the green manure such as Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato autumn and winter, with legume crop crop rotations such as peanut, soybean, cowpeas, continue culture fertility, reduce fertilizer amount, Decrease production cost, protection agroecological environment;

(6-5) the aqueous vapor balance is irrigated: after transplanting throughout the growing season, adopt intermittently shallow water while except the moisture sensitive periods, turning green phase, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, heading flowering period and medication, fertilising after inserting, outside depth of water 2.5cm-3.5cm irrigates, the no water layer of take keeps moistening irrigation as main, works as 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put for 2-3 times dry field and control the ineffective tillering growth, finally keep effective fringe 8-10 fringes of every root and stem of certain plants; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, supports the short grouting of Gen Baoye;

(7) effective prevention and control damage by disease and insect

(7-1) light trap insect: according to the phototaxis of super hybridization rice insect, every 2-3 hm ²a solar insect-killing light is installed in rice field, night adult pest emergence period, turns on light, and the adult of the various pests such as trapping striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid;

(7-2) use biopesticide: every 667m ²with 5% jinggangmycin soluble powder 100g-150g, be watered 45kg-60kg, in the plant middle and lower part, spraying prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, and interval, 7d-10d executed 1 time, dispenser 1-3 time; Every 667m ²with 10% well wax bud suspending agent 100g, be watered 40kg-60kg even spraying control rice blast, and can doublely control false smut, banded sclerotial blight; Every 667m ²with 2000 times of liquid 40kg-60kg of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) emulsion, can prevent and treat striped rice borer and rice leaf roller etc.Described biopesticide has the advantages such as safe, efficient, with strong points, to reducing pesticide pollution, improves Field Pests natural enemy and soil beneficial microbe population, and improving the ecological environment has great ecological benefits;

(7-3) rationally use agricultural chemicals: science is selected biopesticide or efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, advocates counterpart, appropriate, alternate wheel is used medicine, the rational use of medicines instead; Advocate effective low dosage, do a good job of it choose control, double controlling, reduce medication area and medication number of times, use agricultural chemicals in strict accordance with safety interval, accomplish nuisanceless medication, the control rice fulgorid is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Buprofezin, pymetrozine, Imidacloprid, Mobucin, ether chrysanthemum ester; The control rice leaf roller is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Profenofos, Rynaxypyr; Control rice blast is selected the agricultural chemicals such as tricyclazole, Prochloraz, epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester; Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and select the agricultural chemicals such as Shen piperazine mycin, epoxiconazole, oxime bacterium ester+Tebuconazole; Control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, select antivirotic and the insecticide coordination uses such as Ningnanmycin; Prevent and treat false smut and select the agricultural chemicals such as epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester, Difenoconazole propiconazole, Tebuconazole, the use of described agricultural chemicals is carried out in strict accordance with product description;

(8) effective lodging-prevention

(8-1) spray the Li Fengling lodging-prevention: 6-8d before super hybridization rice is dialled joint, every 667 ㎡ spray 5% Li Fengling wetting powder 40-60g, being watered 40-50kg sprays, plant is had to the base portion the 1st of shortening and the 2nd joint joint spacing 1.0-1.5cm, dwarfed plant height 9.8-12.9cm, improve plant type, reduce lodging area 25-71%, improve the effect of tillering into fringe, ripening rate, thousand kernel weight;

(8-2) body-building pest controlling lodging-prevention: select that super hybridization rice kind that lodging resistance is stronger is as excellent as Y two 302, No. 1, special excellent boat etc., simultaneously, adopt the breeding good method supporting, carry out the body-building pest controlling, the one, science Guan Shui: shoaling layer (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and be retained to rice shoot and turn green; The rear filling " horse race water " of turning green is poured water and is discharged outside field behind even field, keeps the moistening and no water layer of field face, and only when fertilising or pesticide, filling with shallow water, to make the depth of water be 2.5 cm-3.5cm at once; As every 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put dry field during every strain 10-15 seedling; It is the depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm that ear differentiation is filled with shallow water to heading flowering period; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, until, before harvesting, the field face reaches and wets and rotten, firmly and not white degree; The 2nd, apply fertilizers scientifically: the ear manuer time of application wants accurate, to start to apply after elongation at stem the 2nd extend internode, quantity is suitable, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 24-26% of total amount of nitrogen, simultaneously, compounding application potash fertilizer, K Amounts accounts for 48-52% of total amount of potassium applied, be conducive to like this stem stalk solid, control the basal internode excess elongation; In addition, at every 667m of jointing initial stage ²use calcium silicate fertilizer 12.5-17.5kg, strengthen stem stalk rugosity, improve the capacity for the resistance to lodging of plant; The 3rd, preventing disease pest control, particularly, to very easily causing banded sclerotial blight, the rice fulgorid of cane damage, prevent and treat with agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin, Imidacloprids respectively in time, in order to avoid cause rice strain lodging after the harm of sick worm.

Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, the cultivation of super hybridization rice is carried out to omnidistance scientific management, according to super hybridization rice cultivation characteristic and damage by disease and insect, lodging and pollution occurrence characteristic, the technical measures that are conducive to the normal fertility of super hybridization rice and are unfavorable for the planting environment condition that the disease worm is caused harm are created in research, effectively improve the super hybridization rice bearing status, make the robust plant growth, strengthen self resistance and lodging tolerance, reduce poisonous and harmful substance and pollute, guarantee super hybridization rice high grade producing and Paddy Products edible safety.Realized that with the super hybridization rice of the present invention's cultivation the super hybridization rice damage by disease and insect obtains effective prevention and control, the lodging area reduces 25-71%, not only high yield but also high-quality, and product reaches nuisanceless standard.The present invention is workable, easily, for the vast farmers masses grasp, welcome by the peasant; The average every 667m of super hybridization rice cultivated with the present invention after tested ²newly-increased high quality paddy 53.2-59.6kg, 138-155 yuan of new output values, economy, society and ecological benefits are very remarkable.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

(1) planting environment is innoxious

(1-1) the selection o f production bases: the selection o f production bases in field without the heavy metal such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and other poisonous and harmful substance is polluted and ecological condition is good, apart from industrial and mining area and highway, more than trunk railway 500m, to avoid the impact of industry and urban pollution resource;

(1-2) irrigation water: selection is clean, unharmful substance pollutes, the river water of pH value between 6-7 is irrigated for super hybridization rice production;

(1-3) prevent the discarded object residual contamination: discarded pesticide bottle, packing bag for agricultural chemical, the plastic sheeting for farm use the like waste in timely field, collection and treatment rice field prevents agricultural production discarded object residual contamination home environment.

(2) reduce the pathogeny worm source that damage by disease and insect occurs

(2-1) efficent rotation: super hybridization rice and dry crop are carried out rice field-upland field rotation as the cowpea of legume, peanut etc., reduce insect pest and infectious disease primary infection source;

(2-2) except the winter kind such as green manuring with extraterrestrial, rice field should drain the water in field plough and ted soil after autumn harvest finishes in 10-15 days, before solarization is always extremely sowed in spring or spring sowing is made preparation for ploughing and sowing, to strengthen soil microbial activities, promote soil weathering, improve the soil physical chemistry situation, improve soil nutrient content, increase available nutrient and supply with; Eliminate worm partial wintering source, reduce the field poisonous and harmful substance and accumulate, lay a solid foundation for early rice raises productivity and improves the quality;

(2-3) the pupa control snout moth's larva that goes out of pouring water: spring the overwinter generation snout moth's larva pupate unified field in winter slack, the green manure field fill with deep water and soak and macerate of turning over of phase, to flood rice stub 7-10d; Gather in rear 10d with double cropping rice continuous cropping field early rice the field of turning in time after winter farming crop harvesting, pour water equally and flood rice stub 7-10d, can effectively reduce snout moth's larva of rice worm source radix;

(2-4) salvage sclerotium: skim the sclerotium floated on the surface, reduce first bacterium source of contaminating, effectively alleviate the paddy rice incidence of disease in early stage, the method skimmed is after the field face is raked, add profundal zone to not having the field face, then the unrestrained slag and the sclerotium that float on the surface are picked up, choose from rice field, buried or dry and burn.

(3) seed harmless treatment

(3-1) bask seeds, choose seeds: select the fine day 0.5-1d that basks seeds before seed soaking, then with screening or clear water, choose full seed, classification seed soaking after choosing;

(3-2) seed soaking, sterilization: the super hybridization rice seed-borne fungi is one of primary source of infection of the diseases generations such as rice blast, false smut, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease, by seed soaking, sterilize, remove and be mixed in intraseminal not plump paddy, infected seed, worm grain and other impurity, elimination is attached to the germ on seed, while preventing from sowing, germ is brought into to field.Early make and first use clear water preimpregnation 6-8h, after washing kind, pick up and pour again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil into) 450-500 times of sterilization immersion 6-8h, then with continuing seed soaking 6-8h after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing.Making evening and first use Seed soaking 2-3h, then use 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil) 450-500 times of liquid seed soaking 6-8h carry out seed disinfection; With the 4-5h that soaks seed again after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing.The seed soaking process is changed water 1-2 time.Pick up seed after soaking and clean and drain vernalization;

(3-3) seed dressing: when the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, with 60% Imidacloprid FS10ml, be watered 100-200ml, pour 3-5kg in the seed rice of vernalization, fully mix thoroughly, sow after the 1-3h that dries in the air.

(4) begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling

(4-1) select sowing time: early rice is in sowing on 20-March 10 February, and late rice was sowed in 25-July 10 June.Hidding and sunny side should be selected in rice seedling bed, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water source is clean, the soil is porous, the field more than middle fertility.Accomplish that meticulous whole ground, lower sufficient base manure, light seeding are evenly broadcast, topdressed in good time, science Guan Shui.Drought seedling, water-raised seedling, woven cloth interlayer are early made 23-28 days seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4-5 leaves; Make 20-25 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 4-5 leaves.Mould plate seedling raising and early make 16-23 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3-4 leaves; Make 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 3-4 leaves.The cultivation root system is short and thick, Bai Genduo, and the seedling basal part of stem is slightly flat, 80% 1-2 of above rice shoot band tillers, it is green that seedling is endured leaf, evenly neat, without the strong seedling of damage by disease and insect, for prevention and control and the high yield of transplanting rear damage by disease and insect, lodging lays the first stone;

(4-2) the band medicine is transplanted: the front 2-4d of shoot transplanting equipment executes medicine, 667m one time ²with 25% pymetrozine wetting powder 20g, add 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution 100 ml, add 8% Ningnanmycin aqua 50ml, add 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 60 g, above-mentioned 4 kinds of medicaments mixing is watered the 30kg spraying, alleviate causing harm of land for growing field crops leaf in tillering stage pest and rice fulgorid, rice thrips, snout moth's larva, the generation of prevention southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease.

(5) rational close planting

Early make and transplant line-spacing 26.5-28.0cm, spacing in the rows 14.5-15.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.5-1.7 ten thousand caves; Make evening and transplant line-spacing 25.0-27.0cm, spacing in the rows 13.0-14.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.7-2.0 ten thousand caves.

(6) field management

(6-1) management of weeds is caused harm: after transplanting, 3-7d weeds are in sprouting to 1.5 leaf phases, and every mu of use 50% butachlor emulsion 150ml adds urea 4-5kg and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields, and during dispenser, will there be 3-4cm water layer in field, water conservation 3-5d after dispenser;

(6-2) balance fertilizing: the super hybridization rice fertilizing amount determine by rice field fertility and target output, and the field of per mu yield 600-650kg, execute purity nitrogen 15-16kg for every mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be take nitrogen fertilizer amount as benchmark, and make according to N:P morning ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.5:1.2 is used, and make according to N:P evening ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.4:1.1 is used.Early make nitrogenous fertilizer according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: the ratio that ear manuer is 3.5:4:2.5 is used; Make evening according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the ratio that granulated fertilizer is 3:3.5:2.5:1 is used; Phosphate fertilizer is all made base manure, and potash fertilizer 50% is made base manure, and 50% makes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer.Promote the fertilizer deep placement technology, prevent the fertilizer volatilization, run off;

(6-3) application of organic fertilizers material: the suitable organic manure kind of using of super hybridization rice comprises compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crops straw are fertile, sludge and cake fertilizer etc.Described organic manure kind is selected should suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot and use.Amount of application is every mu of 750kg-1000kg, under executing as base manure while in rice field, ploughing whole ground of rake;

(6-4) the development biology is increased soil fertility: sow the green manure such as Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato autumn and winter, with legume crop crop rotations such as peanut, soybean, cowpeas, continue culture fertility, reduce fertilizer amount, Decrease production cost, protection agroecological environment;

(6-5) the aqueous vapor balance is irrigated: after transplanting, throughout the growing season, while after the moisture sensitive periods inserts, turning green phase, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, heading flowering period and medication, fertilising, adopt intermittently shallow irrigation, the no water layer of take keeps moistening irrigation as main, works as 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put for 2-3 times dry field and control the ineffective tillering growth, finally keep effective fringe 8-10 fringes of every root and stem of certain plants; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, supports the short grouting of Gen Baoye.

(7) effective prevention and control damage by disease and insect

(7-1) light trap insect: according to the phototaxis of super hybridization rice insect, every 2-3 hm ²a solar insect-killing light is installed in rice field, night adult pest emergence period, turns on light, and the adult of the various pests such as trapping striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid;

(7-2) apply biopesticide: 5% jinggangmycin soluble powder 100-150g for every 667m2, be watered 45-60kg, in the plant middle and lower part, spraying prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, and interval, 7-10d executed 1 time, dispenser 1-3 time; Every 667m ²with 10% well wax bud suspending agent 100g, be watered 40kg-60kg even spraying control rice blast, and can doublely control false smut, banded sclerotial blight; Every 667m ²with 2000 times of liquid 40kg-60kg of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) emulsion, can prevent and treat striped rice borer and rice leaf roller etc.Described biopesticide has the advantages such as safe, efficient, with strong points, to reducing pesticide pollution, improves Field Pests natural enemy and soil beneficial microbe population, and improving the ecological environment has great ecological benefits;

(7-3) rationally use agricultural chemicals: in the super hybridization rice process of growth, the control rice fulgorid is selected the agricultural chemicals such as ether chrysanthemum ester, Buprofezin, pymetrozine, Imidacloprid, Mobucin; The control rice leaf roller is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Profenofos, Rynaxypyr; Control rice blast is selected the agricultural chemicals such as tricyclazole, Prochloraz, epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester; Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and select the agricultural chemicals such as Shen piperazine mycin, epoxiconazole, oxime bacterium ester+Tebuconazole; Control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, select antivirotic and the insecticide coordination uses such as Ningnanmycin; Prevent and treat false smut and select the agricultural chemicals such as epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester, Difenoconazole propiconazole, Tebuconazole, the use of described agricultural chemicals is carried out in strict accordance with product description.

(8) effective lodging-prevention

(8-1) spray the Li Fengling lodging-prevention: 6-8d before super hybridization rice is dialled joint, every 667 ㎡ spray 5% Li Fengling wetting powder 40-60g, being watered 40-50kg sprays, plant is had to the base portion the 1st of shortening and the 2nd and save spacing (1.0-1.5cm), dwarfed plant height (9.8-12.9cm), improve plant type, reduce lodging area 25-71%, improve the effect of tillering into fringe, ripening rate, thousand kernel weight;

(8-2) body-building pest controlling lodging-prevention: select that super hybridization rice kind that lodging resistance is stronger is as excellent as Y two 302, No. 1, special excellent boat etc., simultaneously, adopt the breeding good method supporting, carry out the body-building pest controlling.The one, science Guan Shui: shoaling layer (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and be retained to rice shoot and turn green; The rear filling " horse race water " (behind the even field of pouring water discharge) of turning green, keep field face moistening and no water layer, only filling shallow water (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) when fertilising or pesticide at once in the field outside; As every 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling left and right, (approximately every strain 10 seedlings) start gently to put for 2-3 times (solarization) field; Ear differentiation to heading flowering period is filled with shallow water (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm); The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, until, before harvesting, the field face reaches and wets and rotten, firmly and not white degree.Above-mentioned irrigation method, be conducive to the exchange of root layer aqueous vapor, improves the root growth environment, promotes to prick under new root and root system, and root mass enlarges, and the foundation holding power strengthens, and capacity for the resistance to lodging also improves thereupon.The 2nd, apply fertilizers scientifically: the ear manuer time of application wants accurate, and GPRS starts to apply ear manuer after elongation at stem the 2nd extend internode; Quantity is suitable, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 24-26% of total amount of nitrogen, simultaneously, compounding application potash fertilizer, and K Amounts accounts for 48-52% of total amount of potassium applied, strengthens stem stalk consolidation, controls the basal internode excess elongation.In addition, at every 667m of jointing initial stage ²use calcium silicate fertilizer 12.5-17.5kg, strengthen stem stalk rugosity, improve the capacity for the resistance to lodging of plant.The 3rd, preventing disease pest control.Particularly, to very easily causing banded sclerotial blight, the rice fulgorid of cane damage, use respectively the agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin, Imidacloprid (usage and consumption will require to carry out in strict accordance with specification) control in time, in order to avoid cause rice strain lodging after the harm of sick worm.

Embodiment 2

Make evening in 2012 with morning in 2013 and make in Jiu Po village, Hepu County Dang Jiang town, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and really execute the present invention.

2653 mu of Jiu Po village committee arable areas, making evening in 2012 with making morning in 2013 plantation super hybridization rice kind is all Y two excellent 302.Wherein, it is 2596 mu that evening in 2012 is made the Super Rice Planting area, accounts for 97.85% of arable area; 2013 early make the Super Rice Planting area is 2592 mu, accounts for 97.70% of arable area.It is 2562 mu that evening in 2012 is made the invention process area, accounts for 98.69% of super hybridization rice area, and not implementing contrast of the present invention field area is 34 mu, accounts for 1.31% of super hybridization rice area; 2013 early make the invention process area is 2554 mu, accounts for 98.53% of super hybridization rice area, and not implementing contrast of the present invention field area is 32 mu, accounts for 1.23% of super hybridization rice area.The present invention is workable, easily, for the vast farmers masses grasp, welcome by the peasant.Jiu Po village committee has realized that with the super hybridization rice of the present invention's cultivation damage by disease and insect obtains effective prevention and control, and lodging Area Ratio contrast field reduces 56-71%, not only high yield but also high-quality, and product reaches nuisanceless standard.After tested, make the super hybridization rice of cultivating with early application the present invention of Zao Jiupo village committee in 2013 in evening in 2012, every 667m ²than the newly-increased high quality paddy in contrast field, be respectively 54.8kg and 59.6kg, weighted mean is 57.2kg, and new output value is respectively 142.5-155.0 yuan, and weighted mean is 148.7 yuan, and economy, society and ecological benefits are very remarkable.

Jiu Po implements in village specific practice of the present invention:

(1) planting environment is innoxious

(1-1) the selection o f production bases: Jiu Po village committee super hybridization rice production base has obtained Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region grain (comprising paddy rice) nuisanceless place of production authentication, field is without heavy metal and the pollutions of other poisonous and harmful substance such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium, ecological condition is good, there is no industrial and mining area in 5000m around base, from 325 national highways, more than trunk railway 1000m, avoided the impact of industry and urban pollution resource;

(1-2) irrigation water: source of irrigation water is south stream Jiang Jiangshui, from the 500m place, upstream of source of irrigation water water inlet sluice gate, be that the damp water utilities of Hepu of Guangxi China is managed Co., Ltd and specialized in the approximately water source of 300,000 people's domestic waters of county town, Hepu and suburb, irrigation water is clean, unharmful substance pollution, the rivers circulating water of pH value between 6-7;

(1-3) prevent the discarded object residual contamination: it is 1m that volume is placed in field, super hybridization rice production base by Jiu Po village committee ³13 of environmentally-friendly plastic dustbins, building volume is 3.9 m ³5 of garbage pool, be engaged in the peasant of super hybridization rice production after the field farming activities finishes, pick up smoothly the discarded pesticide bottle in field, packing bag for agricultural chemical, plastic sheeting for farm use the like waste, unified collecting in dustbin or garbage pool, focus on, prevent agricultural production discarded object residual contamination home environment.

(2) reduce the pathogeny worm source that damage by disease and insect occurs

(2-1) remove the winter kinds such as green manuring sweet potato or Chinese milk vetch with extraterrestrial, Jiu Po village committee super hybridization rice rice field is finished in latter 10 days to drain the water in field plough in autumn harvest and is tedded soil, before shining always and making preparation for ploughing and sowing to the spring sowing in February-March next year or spring sowing, so effectively strengthen soil microbial activities, promote soil weathering, improve the soil physical chemistry situation, improve soil nutrient content, increase available nutrient and supply with; Eliminate worm partial wintering source, reduce the field poisonous and harmful substance and accumulate, lay a solid foundation for early rice raises productivity and improves the quality;

(2-2) the pupa control snout moth's larva that goes out of pouring water: spring the overwinter generation snout moth's larva unified deep water of filling with of phase of pupating soak and macerate, flood rice stub 8-10d; Gather in rear 8d with double cropping rice continuous cropping field early rice the field of turning in time after winter farming crop harvesting, pour water equally and flood rice stub 8-10d, effectively reduced snout moth's larva of rice worm source radix;

(2-3) salvage sclerotium: skim the sclerotium floated on the surface, reduce first bacterium source of contaminating, effectively alleviate the paddy rice incidence of disease in early stage, the method skimmed is after the field face is raked, add profundal zone to not having the field face, then the unrestrained slag and the sclerotium that float on the surface are picked up, collect in dustbin or garbage pool, transport out of rice field and unify buried or dry and burn.

(3) seed harmless treatment

(3-1) bask seeds, choose seeds: select the fine day 0.5-1d that basks seeds before seed soaking, then with screening or clear water, choose full seed, classification seed soaking after choosing;

(3-2) seed soaking, sterilization: the super hybridization rice seed-borne fungi is one of primary source of infection of the diseases generations such as rice blast, false smut, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease, by seed soaking, sterilize, remove and be mixed in intraseminal not plump paddy, infected seed, worm grain and other impurity, elimination is attached to the germ on seed, while preventing from sowing, germ is brought into to field.Early make and first use clear water preimpregnation 6-8h, after washing kind, pick up and pour again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil into) 450-500 times of sterilization immersion 6-8h, then with continuing seed soaking 6-8h after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing.Making evening and first use Seed soaking 2-3h, then use 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil) 450-500 times of liquid seed soaking 6-8h carry out seed disinfection; With the 4-5h that soaks seed again after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing.The seed soaking process is changed water 1-2 time.Pick up seed after soaking and clean and drain vernalization;

(3-3) seed dressing: when the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, with 60% Imidacloprid FS10ml, be watered 100-200ml, pour 3-5kg in the seed rice of vernalization, fully mix thoroughly, sow after the 1-3h that dries in the air.

(4) begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling

(4-1) select sowing time: early rice is in sowing on 25-March 1 February, and late rice was sowed in 28-July 2 June.Hidding and sunny side is selected in rice seedling bed, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water source is clean, the soil is porous, the field more than middle fertility.Accomplish that meticulous whole ground, lower sufficient base manure, light seeding are evenly broadcast, topdressed in good time, science Guan Shui.Drought seedling, water-raised seedling, woven cloth interlayer are early made 24-27 days seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4-5 leaves; Make 20-24 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 4-5 leaves.Mould plate seedling raising and early make 16-22 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3-4 leaves; Make 15-19 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 3-4 leaves.The cultivation root system is short and thick, Bai Genduo, and the seedling basal part of stem is slightly flat, 85% 1-2 of above rice shoot band tillers, it is green that seedling is endured leaf, evenly neat, without the strong seedling of damage by disease and insect, for prevention and control and the high yield of transplanting rear damage by disease and insect, lodging lays the first stone;

(4-2) the band medicine is transplanted: the front 2-3d of shoot transplanting equipment executes medicine, 667m one time ²with 25% pymetrozine wetting powder 20g, add 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution 100 ml, add 8% Ningnanmycin aqua 50ml, add 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 60 g, above-mentioned 4 kinds of medicaments mixing is watered the 30kg spraying, alleviate causing harm of land for growing field crops leaf in tillering stage pest and rice fulgorid, rice thrips, snout moth's larva, the generation of prevention southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease.

(5) rational close planting

Early make and transplant line-spacing 27.0-28.0cm, spacing in the rows 15.0-15.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.5-1.6 ten thousand caves; Make evening and transplant line-spacing 25.5-27.0cm, spacing in the rows 13.5-14.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.7-1.9 ten thousand caves.

(6) field management

(6-1) management of weeds is caused harm: after transplanting, 4-6d weeds are in sprouting to 1.5 leaf phases, and every mu of use 50% butachlor emulsion 150ml adds urea 4-5kg and evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields, and during dispenser, there is 3-4cm water layer in field, water conservation 4-5d after dispenser;

(6-2) balance fertilizing: the super hybridization rice fertilizing amount determine by rice field fertility and target output, and the field of per mu yield 600-650kg, execute purity nitrogen 15-16kg for every mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be take nitrogen fertilizer amount as benchmark, and make according to N:P morning ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.5:1.2 is used, and make according to N:P evening ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.4:1.1 is used.Early make nitrogenous fertilizer according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: the ratio that ear manuer is 3.5:4:2.5 is used; Make evening according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the ratio that granulated fertilizer is 3:3.5:2.5:1 is used; Phosphate fertilizer is all made base manure, and potash fertilizer 50% is made base manure, and 50% makes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer.Promote the fertilizer deep placement technology, prevent the fertilizer volatilization, run off;

(6-3) application of organic fertilizers material: the suitable organic manure kind of using of super hybridization rice comprises barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crops straw fertilizer etc.Described organic manure kind is selected should suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot and use.Amount of application is every mu of 800kg-900kg, under executing as base manure while in rice field, ploughing whole ground of rake;

(6-4) the development biology is increased soil fertility: sow the green manure such as sweet potato, Chinese milk vetch autumn and winter, continue culture fertility, reduce fertilizer amount, Decrease production cost, protection agroecological environment;

(6-5) the aqueous vapor balance is irrigated: after transplanting, throughout the growing season, while after the moisture sensitive periods inserts, turning green phase, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, heading flowering period and medication, fertilising, adopt intermittently shallow irrigation, the no water layer of take keeps moistening irrigation as main, works as 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put for 2-3 times dry field and control the ineffective tillering growth, finally keep effective fringe 8-10 fringes of every root and stem of certain plants; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, supports the short grouting of Gen Baoye.

(7) effective prevention and control damage by disease and insect

(7-1) light trap insect: according to the phototaxis of super hybridization rice insect, every 2-3 hm ²a solar insect-killing light is installed in rice field, night adult pest emergence period, turns on light, and the adult of the various pests such as trapping striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid;

(7-2) apply biopesticide: every 667m ²with 5% jinggangmycin soluble powder 100-150g, be watered 45-60kg, in the plant middle and lower part, spraying prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, and interval, 7-10d executed 1 time, dispenser 2-3 time; Every 667m ²with 10% well wax bud suspending agent 100g, be watered 40kg-60kg even spraying control rice blast, and double false smut, the banded sclerotial blight controlled; Every 667m ²with 2000 times of liquid 40kg-60kg of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) emulsion, control striped rice borer and rice leaf roller etc.Described biopesticide has the advantages such as safe, efficient, with strong points, to reducing pesticide pollution, improves Field Pests natural enemy and soil beneficial microbe population, and improving the ecological environment has great ecological benefits;

(7-3) rationally use agricultural chemicals: in the super hybridization rice process of growth, the control rice fulgorid is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Buprofezin, pymetrozine, Imidacloprid; The control rice leaf roller is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Profenofos, Rynaxypyr; Control rice blast is selected the agricultural chemicals such as tricyclazole, Prochloraz, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester; Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and select the agricultural chemicals such as Shen piperazine mycin, epoxiconazole, oxime bacterium ester+Tebuconazole; Control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, select antivirotic and the insecticide coordination uses such as Ningnanmycin; Prevent and treat false smut and select the agricultural chemicals such as epoxiconazole, Difenoconazole propiconazole, Tebuconazole, the use of described agricultural chemicals is carried out in strict accordance with product description.

(8) effective lodging-prevention

(8-1) spray the Li Fengling lodging-prevention: 6-8d before super hybridization rice is dialled joint, every 667 ㎡ spray 5% Li Fengling wetting powder 40-50g, being watered 45kg sprays, plant is had to the base portion the 1st of shortening and the 2nd and save spacing (1.2-1.5cm), dwarfed plant height (10.6-12.9cm), improve plant type, reduce lodging area 56-71%, improve the effect of tillering into fringe, ripening rate, thousand kernel weight;

(8-2) body-building pest controlling lodging-prevention: select super hybridization rice kind as excellent as Y two 302 that lodging resistance is stronger etc., simultaneously, adopt the breeding good method supporting, carry out the body-building pest controlling.The one, science Guan Shui: shoaling layer (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and be retained to rice shoot and turn green; The rear filling " horse race water " (behind the even field of pouring water discharge) of turning green, keep field face moistening and no water layer, only filling shallow water (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) when fertilising or pesticide at once in the field outside; As every 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling left and right, (approximately every strain 10 seedlings) start gently to put for 2-3 times (solarization) field; Ear differentiation to heading flowering period is filled with shallow water (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm); The grouting maturing stage takes dry wet wet alternate to irrigate, until, before harvesting, the field face reaches and wets and rotten, firmly and not white degree.Above-mentioned irrigation method, be conducive to the exchange of root layer aqueous vapor, improves the root growth environment, promotes to prick under new root and root system, and root mass enlarges, and the foundation holding power strengthens, and capacity for the resistance to lodging also improves thereupon.The 2nd, apply fertilizers scientifically: the ear manuer time of application wants accurate, and GPRS starts to apply ear manuer after elongation at stem the 2nd extend internode; Quantity is suitable, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 25% of total amount of nitrogen, simultaneously, compounding application potash fertilizer, and K Amounts accounts for 50% of total amount of potassium applied, strengthens stem stalk consolidation, controls the basal internode excess elongation.In addition, at every 667m of jointing initial stage ²use calcium silicate fertilizer 15kg, strengthen stem stalk rugosity, improve the capacity for the resistance to lodging of plant.The 3rd, preventing disease pest control.Particularly, to very easily causing banded sclerotial blight, the rice fulgorid of cane damage, use respectively the agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin, Imidacloprid (usage and consumption will require to carry out in strict accordance with specification) control in time, in order to avoid cause rice strain lodging after the harm of sick worm.

Claims (1)

1. the super hybridization rice body-building pest controlling cultivation method based on sick worm, lodging and pollution prevention is characterized in that described cultivation method comprises following concrete steps:

(1) planting environment is innoxious

(1-1) the selection o f production bases: production base should be chosen in field without the heavy metal such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and other poisonous and harmful substance is polluted and the zone of good, the suitable super hybridization rice growth of ecological condition; Production base should be apart from industrial and mining area and highway, more than trunk railway 500m, to avoid the impact of industry and urban pollution resource;

(1-2) irrigation water: the urban sewage that irrigation water will prevent from heavy metal and other poisonous and harmful substance, acid-base value are exceeded standard, industrial wastewater etc. are irrigated for agricultural production;

(1-3) prevent the discarded object residual contamination: the in time discarded pesticide bottle in field, collection and treatment rice field, packing bag for agricultural chemical, fertilizer packaging bag, plastics seedling dish, mulch film, canopy film etc. prevent agricultural production discarded object residual contamination home environment;

(2) reduce the pathogeny worm source that damage by disease and insect occurs

(2-1) efficent rotation: super hybridization rice and dry crop are carried out rice field-upland field rotation as the cowpea of legume, peanut etc., reduce insect pest and infectious disease primary infection source;

(2-2) plough deeply and shine soil: except winter kinds such as green manurings with extraterrestrial, rice field should drain the water in field plough and ted soil after autumn harvest finishes in 10-15d, before solarization is always extremely sowed in spring or spring sowing is made preparation for ploughing and sowing, to strengthen soil microbial activities, promote soil weathering, improve the soil physical chemistry situation, improve soil nutrient content, increase available nutrient and supply with; Eliminate worm partial wintering source, reduce the field poisonous and harmful substance and accumulate, lay a solid foundation for early rice raises productivity and improves the quality;

(2-3) the pupa control snout moth's larva that goes out of pouring water: the snout moth's larva of rice mainly survives the winter in rice stub with pupa, its following degree that causes harm becomes positive correlation with the worm source radix of surviving the winter, therefore, there is the place of water condition to utilize the snout moth's larva weak characteristics of phase resistance of pupating, spring the overwinter generation snout moth's larva pupate unified field in winter slack, the green manure field fill with deep water and soak and macerate of turning over of phase, to flood rice stub 7-10d; Turn in time in 10d after winter farming crop harvesting and after the harvesting of double cropping rice continuous cropping field early rice, pour water equally and flood rice stub 7-10d, can effectively reduce snout moth's larva of rice worm source radix;

(2-4) salvage sclerotium: rice sheath blight disease is mainly survived the winter in paddy soil by sclerotium, the rice field rear water surface that swims in a large number of pouring water, after pouring water in rice field, skim the sclerotium floated on the surface, reduce first bacterium source of contaminating, effectively alleviate the paddy rice incidence of disease in early stage, the method skimmed is after the field face is raked, and adds profundal zone to not having the field face, then the unrestrained slag and the sclerotium that float on the surface is picked up, choose from rice field, buried or dry and burn;

(3) seed harmless treatment

(3-1) bask seeds, choose seeds: select the fine day 0.5-1d that basks seeds before seed soaking, then with screening or clear water, choose full seed, classification seed soaking after choosing;

(3-2) seed soaking, sterilization: the super hybridization rice seed-borne fungi is one of primary source of infection of the diseases generations such as rice blast, false smut, bacterial leaf-blight, bakanae disease, by seed soaking, sterilize, remove and be mixed in intraseminal not plump paddy, infected seed, worm grain and other impurity, elimination is attached to the germ on seed, while preventing from sowing, germ is brought into to field, to set up anosis rice seedling bed, the effective way of integrated control damage by disease and insect; Early make and first use clear water preimpregnation 6-8h, after washing kind, pick up and pour again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil into) 450-500 times of sterilization immersion 6-8h, then with continuing seed soaking 6-8h after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing; Make evening and first use Seed soaking 2-3h, using again 40% sym-closene WP(strong chlorine oil) 450-500 times of liquid seed soaking 6-8h carry out seed disinfection, then with the 4-5h that soaks seed again after the clean liquid of clear water rinsing, the seed soaking process is changed water 1-2 time, picks up seed after soaking and clean to drain vernalization;

(3-3) seed dressing: carrying out the seed seed dressing before sowing is to kill to pass malicious medium white-backed planthopper, the major measure of " controlling lice prevents short " prevention and control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, when the broken chest of seed rice shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, be watered 100-200ml with 60% Imidacloprid FS10ml, pour 3-5kg in the seed rice of vernalization, fully mix thoroughly, sow after the 1-3h that dries in the air;

(4) begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong seedling

(4-1) select sowing time: early rice was sowed in 20-March 10 February, late rice was sowed in 25-July 10 June, hidding and sunny side should be selected in rice seedling bed, irrigation and drainage are convenient, water source is clean, the soil is porous, the field more than middle fertility, accomplish that meticulous whole ground, lower sufficient base manure, light seeding are evenly broadcast, topdressed in good time, science Guan Shui, drought seedling, water-raised seedling, woven cloth interlayer are early made 23-28 days seedling length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 4-5 leaves; Make 20-25 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 4-5 leaves, mould plate seedling raising and early make 16-23 days length of time rice seedlings grow, leaf age 3-4 leaves; Make 15-20 days length of time rice seedlings grow evening, leaf age 3-4 leaves, cultivate root system short and thick, Bai Genduo, and the seedling basal part of stem is slightly flat, 80% 1-2 of above rice shoot band tillers, it is green that seedling is endured leaf, evenly neat, without the strong seedling of damage by disease and insect, for prevention and control and the high yield of transplanting rear damage by disease and insect, lodging lays the first stone;

(4-2) the band medicine is transplanted: the front 2-4d of shoot transplanting equipment executes medicine, 667m one time ²with 25% pymetrozine wetting powder 20g, add 40% triazophos emulsifiable solution 100 ml, add 8% Ningnanmycin aqua 50ml, add 75% tricyclazole wettable powder 60 g, above-mentioned 4 kinds of medicaments mixing is watered the 30kg spraying, can alleviate causing harm of land for growing field crops leaf in tillering stage pest and rice fulgorid, rice thrips, snout moth's larva, the generation of prevention southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease;

(5) rational close planting

Rational close planting can promote the coordinated development of super hybridization rice individual plant and group structure, improves the warm optical condition in field, reduces the generation of damage by disease and insect; Strengthen prevention and control lodging ability; In strengthening photosynthesis, promote organic accumulation effectively, increase output, early make and transplant line-spacing 26.5-28.0cm, spacing in the rows 14.5-15.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.5-1.7 ten thousand caves; Make evening and transplant line-spacing 25.0-27.0cm, spacing in the rows 13.0-14.5cm, every mu of field planting 1.7-2.0 ten thousand caves;

(6) field management

(6-1) management of weeds is caused harm: after transplanting, 3-7d weeds are in sprouting to 1.5 leaf phases, 667m ²add urea 4-5kg with 50% butachlor emulsion 150ml and evenly spread fertilizer over the fields, during dispenser, will there be 3-4cm water layer in field, water conservation 3-5d after dispenser;

(6-2) balance fertilizing: the super hybridization rice fertilizing amount determine by rice field fertility and target output, generally 667m ²the field of output 600-650kg, execute purity nitrogen 15 kg-16kg for every mu, and the consumption of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer be take nitrogen fertilizer amount as benchmark, early makes according to N:P ₂o ₅: K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.5:1.2 is used, and make according to N:P evening ₂o5:K ₂the ratio of O=1:0.4:1.1 is used, and early make nitrogenous fertilizer according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: the ratio that ear manuer is 3.5:4:2.5 is used; Make evening according to base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear manuer: the ratio that granulated fertilizer is 3:3.5:2.5:1 is used; Phosphate fertilizer is all made base manure, and potash fertilizer 50% is made base manure, and 50% makes ear manuer and granulated fertilizer, promotes the fertilizer deep placement technology, prevents the fertilizer volatilization, runs off;

(6-3) application of organic fertilizers material: the super hybridization rice fertilising should combine and use with inorganic fertilizer with fertilizer, control the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, the suitable organic manure kind of using comprises compost, makes compost, barnyard manure, biogas manure, green manure, crops straw are fertile, sludge and cake fertilizer, described organic manure kind is selected should suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot and use, and amount of application is every 667m ²execute 750kg-1000kg, while ploughing whole ground of rake in rice field, use and make base manure;

(6-4) the development biology is increased soil fertility: sow the green manure such as Chinese milk vetch, sweet potato autumn and winter, with legume crop crop rotations such as peanut, soybean, cowpeas, continue culture fertility, reduce fertilizer amount, Decrease production cost, protection agroecological environment;

(6-5) the aqueous vapor balance is irrigated: after transplanting throughout the growing season, adopt intermittently shallow water while except the moisture sensitive periods, turning green phase, panicle spike primordium differentiation stage, heading flowering period and medication, fertilising after inserting, outside depth of water 2.5cm-3.5cm irrigates, the no water layer of take keeps moistening irrigation as main, works as 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put for 2-3 times dry field and control the ineffective tillering growth, finally keep effective fringe 8-10 fringes of every root and stem of certain plants; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, supports the short grouting of Gen Baoye;

(7) effective prevention and control damage by disease and insect

(7-1) light trap insect: according to the phototaxis of super hybridization rice insect, every 2-3 hm ²a solar insect-killing light is installed in rice field, night adult pest emergence period, turns on light, and the adult of the various pests such as trapping striped rice borer, paddy stem borer, rice leaf roller, rice fulgorid;

(7-2) use biopesticide: every 667m ²with 5% jinggangmycin soluble powder 100g-150g, be watered 45kg-60kg, in the plant middle and lower part, spraying prevents and treats banded sclerotial blight, and interval, 7d-10d executed 1 time, dispenser 1-3 time; Every 667m ²with 10% well wax bud suspending agent 100g, be watered 40kg-60kg even spraying control rice blast, and can doublely control false smut, banded sclerotial blight; Every 667m ²with 2000 times of liquid 40kg-60kg of bacillus thuringiensis,Bt (Bt) emulsion, can prevent and treat striped rice borer and rice leaf roller etc.; Described biopesticide has the advantages such as safe, efficient, with strong points, to reducing pesticide pollution, improves Field Pests natural enemy and soil beneficial microbe population, and improving the ecological environment has great ecological benefits;

(7-3) rationally use agricultural chemicals: science is selected biopesticide or efficient, low toxicity, less-persistent pesticide, advocates counterpart, appropriate, alternate wheel is used medicine, the rational use of medicines instead; Advocate effective low dosage, do a good job of it choose control, double controlling, reduce medication area and medication number of times, use agricultural chemicals in strict accordance with safety interval, accomplish nuisanceless medication, the control rice fulgorid is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Buprofezin, pymetrozine, Imidacloprid, Mobucin, ether chrysanthemum ester; The control rice leaf roller is selected the agricultural chemicals such as Profenofos, Rynaxypyr; Control rice blast is selected the agricultural chemicals such as tricyclazole, Prochloraz, epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester; Prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and select the agricultural chemicals such as Shen piperazine mycin, epoxiconazole, oxime bacterium ester+Tebuconazole; Control southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, select antivirotic and the insecticide coordination uses such as Ningnanmycin; Prevent and treat false smut and select the agricultural chemicals such as epoxiconazole, chlorine nalidixic bacterium ester, Difenoconazole propiconazole, Tebuconazole, the use of described agricultural chemicals is carried out in strict accordance with product description;

(8) effective lodging-prevention

(8-1) spray the Li Fengling lodging-prevention: 6-8d before super hybridization rice is dialled joint, every 667 ㎡ spray 5% Li Fengling wetting powder 40-60g, being watered 40-50kg sprays, plant is had to the base portion the 1st of shortening and the 2nd joint joint spacing 1.0-1.5cm, dwarfed plant height 9.8-12.9cm, improve plant type, reduce lodging area 25-71%, improve the effect of tillering into fringe, ripening rate, thousand kernel weight;

(8-2) body-building pest controlling lodging-prevention: select that super hybridization rice kind that lodging resistance is stronger is as excellent as Y two 302, No. 1, special excellent boat etc., simultaneously, adopt the breeding good method supporting, carry out the body-building pest controlling, the one, science Guan Shui: shoaling layer (depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm) rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and be retained to rice shoot and turn green; The rear filling " horse race water " of turning green is poured water and is discharged outside field behind even field, keeps the moistening and no water layer of field face, and only when fertilising or pesticide, filling with shallow water, to make the depth of water be 2.5 cm-3.5cm at once; As every 667m ²when the seedling number reaches 180,000 seedling, start gently to put dry field during every strain 10-15 seedling; It is the depth of water 2.5 cm-3.5cm that ear differentiation is filled with shallow water to heading flowering period; The grouting maturing stage is taked Dry-wet alternate irrigation, until, before harvesting, the field face reaches and wets and rotten, firmly and not white degree; The 2nd, apply fertilizers scientifically: the ear manuer time of application wants accurate, to start to apply after elongation at stem the 2nd extend internode, quantity is suitable, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 24-26% of total amount of nitrogen, simultaneously, compounding application potash fertilizer, K Amounts accounts for 48-52% of total amount of potassium applied, be conducive to like this stem stalk solid, control the basal internode excess elongation; In addition, at every 667m of jointing initial stage ²use calcium silicate fertilizer 12.5-17.5kg, strengthen stem stalk rugosity, improve the capacity for the resistance to lodging of plant; The 3rd, preventing disease pest control, particularly, to very easily causing banded sclerotial blight, the rice fulgorid of cane damage, prevent and treat with agricultural chemicals such as jinggangmycin, Imidacloprids respectively in time, in order to avoid cause rice strain lodging after the harm of sick worm.