CN106233998A - Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, relate to rotation cropping technical field.Comprise the following steps: (1) selects suitable place to set up organic farming production base；(2) suitable kind is selected；(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: early rice autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years；(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean, early rice (1 batch of early rice of annual cultivation in 1 period of crop-rotation) and the rotation cropping of Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.The practicality of this crop rotation organic cultivation method, with workable, can be applicable in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, have good society, economy and ecological benefits.

Description

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method

Technical field

The invention belongs to rotation cropping technical field, be specifically related to autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, the organic cultivation of Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation Culture method.

Background technology

First organic agriculture was proposed by European countries the twenties in 20th century, through practice and the development of decades, progressively Paid attention to by national governments.Organic agriculture is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " rising industry ", There is wide market prospect.Organic farm products is pure natural, pollution-free, the food of safe nutrition, also referred to as " ecological food Product ", it is to produce according to organic agriculture principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and passes through Organic Food Attestation The agricultural product of agency qualification.Organic farming must produce according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications, To ensure that its product is pollution-free, feature rich in nutrition and high-quality.In recent years, organic agriculture is raw owing to having complied with improvement agricultural State environment, the world trends of the production pollution-free Organic food of high-quality, so Organic Farming is rapid, organic farming is increasingly subject to Paying attention to, and progressively develop into for a kind of emerging rising industry, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption.Development high-quality The production of the agricultural product such as organic Fructus Solani melongenae, not only can improve the economic benefit of Producer, and can be that consumer's physical and mental health carries For ensureing.

Fructus Solani melongenae (Solanum melongena L.) is Solanaceae Solanum annual herb plant, and the torrid zone is planted for perennial shrub Thing.Fructus Solani melongenae originates in Tropical Asian, originates in India, Christian era 4～5th century incoming China the earliest.Fructus Solani melongenae is edible with young tender fruit, is Homely vegetable the most common on dining table, cultivates one of widest vegetable for various places, China north and south, is the main of summer and autumn Vegetable.Fructus Solani melongenae nutritious, becomes containing the multiple nutrients such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin and calcium, phosphorus, ferrum Point.Containing abundant vitamin E and Citrin in the epidermis of purple skin Fructus Solani melongenae, protection cardiovascular, delaying human body caducity had weight Act on.Citrin can make blood vessel wall keep elastic and physiological function, preventing hardening and ruptures, helping so often eating Fructus Solani melongenae In preventing and treating hypertension, coronary heart disease, arteriosclerosis and purpura hemorrhagica.Fructus Solani melongenae contains solanine, can suppress digestive system tumor Propagation, has certain effect for preventing and treating gastric cancer.Additionally, Fructus Solani melongenae is also prevented and treated vitamin C deficiency and promotes effect of wound healing.Fructus Solani melongenae Belong to the food of cold and cool character, eat summer and contribute to clearing away summer-heat.Fructus Solani melongenae is long at China's cultivation history, whole nation Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation Area about more than 300 ten thousand mu, has highly important status, so Fructus Solani melongenae is in China's vegetable basket project in vegetable production and supply Construction plays an important role.Fructus Solani melongenae is warm season vegetable, is weak to frost, and its growth promoter requires warm weather, stronger Illumination and good ventilation condition, its strong adaptability, trophophase is long, and the supply phase of gathering is long, and yield is high, profitable, in the Changjiang river Interval sowing, the cultivation of mating protection ground are passed through in Lower Reaches, can carry out annually cultivating supply.But Fructus Solani melongenae happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness Fertile, be afraid of flood, the low temperature overcast and rainy day widow in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River spring easily causes fallen flowers according to weather, and the best fruiting period, rich water was under-supply or meet Also being susceptible to fallen flowers phenomenon when high temperature and drought, rainy wet weather, trophophase requires repeatedly to topdress to ensure that fruiting period is long And high yield, and pest and disease damage harm is serious under the conditions of unfavourable weather, so it is more to generally use chemical fertilizer, pesticide during cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae And be unable to reach the requirement of organic farming, therefore the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae is little at present.Fructus Solani melongenae organise cultivation technique (Hu Haijiao, Bag high come, Mao Weihai, etc. Shanghai vegetable, 2016 (2): 24-25) contribution be, it is proposed that the organic farming of Fructus Solani melongenae；It lacks Be trapped in, be not set up rational rotation system, and Fructus Solani melongenae be weak to continuous cropping, organic cultivation when carrying out organic farming, must be initially set up Training production base, if plant Fructus Solani melongenae in same plot year after year, on the one hand can cause pathogen to accumulate, and causes the soil such as bacterial wilt to pass Sexually transmitted disease (STD) evil is serious；On the other hand absorbing identical nutrient substance in close soil layer due to root system, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack Some element weary and make soil physical and chemical property deteriorate, is susceptible to continuous cropping obstacle.Typically require due to Fructus Solani melongenae to carry out 2～3 years with On crop rotation or rice field-upland field rotation, above-mentioned Fructus Solani melongenae organic cultivation method is difficult to apply in actual production or be difficult to be truly realized organic Cultivation.Therefore, the rotation plan fertilizing soil that must formulate science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming and the disease pest reduced in soil are carried out Evil radix, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as bacterial wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle.

Semen Pisi sativi (Pisum sativum) is that one likes the leguminous herbaceous plant that cools, for the fourth-largest legume crop in the world.Semen Pisi sativi Rich in multiple nutritional components such as rich in protein, dietary fiber, provitamin As, the resistance of human body can be improved, help digest Deng；Provitamin A in Semen Pisi sativi can be converted into vitamin A in vivo, has the effect of moist skin；Rich in vitamin in Semen Pisi sativi In C and energy decomposer, the enzyme of nitrosamine, can have anticancer, protective effect on cancer risk with decomposing nitrosamine.Bowl bean gather haricot stripping grain make For a kind of delicious vegetables in season in spring, liked by more and more people, had been enter into the vegetable basket of more and more people.Bowl bean is adopted Receive haricot listing to eat raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow the growth of stubble, beneficially succession crop early. Bowl bean root has root nodule bacteria fixed nitrogen, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, easily becomes thoroughly decomposed, and is important green manure, the Bowl bean straw pressure after haricot of gathering Green grass or young crops makees green manure, is high-quality fertilizer, beneficially fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.Bowl bean has stronger tolerance to cold, is development The elite crop that winter kind produces.Bowl bean planted in fall Overwintering Growth, growth stage temperature is low, and pest and disease damage occurs few, cultivation management Relatively easy, low cost, planting benefit is good.But Semen Pisi sativi is weak to continuous cropping, if carrying out efficent rotation with Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L. etc., then There are good economy, society and ecological benefits.

Corm Eleocharitis (Eleocharis dulcis) has another name called Horse hoof, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belongs to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, is shallow Aqueous perennial root herbaceous plant, makees fruit or vegetable with underground bulb and eats, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or Make to extract the raw material of starch.Corm Eleocharitis has a good effects of clearing away heat-fire, both can clearing away heat and promoting production of body fluid, can supplement the nutrients again, there is removing heat from blood Removing toxic substances, diuresis relieving constipation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, and persons many to diabetic urine have certain auxiliary therapeutic action, Corm Eleocharitis In " puchiin " have blood pressure lowering and the effect of anti-curing cancers.Corm Eleocharitis also has the function preventing acute infectious disease, in measles, popular Property meningitis more incident spring, Corm Eleocharitis is good diseases prevention food.Corm Eleocharitis is universal, with river in the cultivation of Yangtze river basin each province It is more that Soviet Union, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. save cultivation.Corm Eleocharitis color of the leather purple is black, and meat is pure white, and matter is crisp Taste is sweet, and how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, rich in various mineral elements and vitamin, the aminoacid of needed by human body, containing albumen Matter, fat, crude fibre, carotene, vitamin B, vitamin C, ferrum, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., have underground pear from ancient times Good reputation, northerner regard as south of the River Radix Ginseng, therefore cultivate the better economic benefit of Corm Eleocharitis.Corm Eleocharitis is weak to continuous cropping, how in Oryza sativa L. Field crop rotation Corm Eleocharitis, but Corm Eleocharitis is relatively low with the economic benefit of Oryza sativa L. crop rotation, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Solani melongenae carry out rice field-upland field rotation, the most economical Benefit is preferable, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduces agriculture chemical use Amount, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit.

Oryza sativa L. (Oryza sativa) is the most important cereal crops in the Yangtze river basin, is also to carry out floods and droughts with vegetables such as Fructus Solani melongenaes Crop rotation and carry out the chief crop of rotation cropping with aquatic vegetables such as Corm Eleocharitiss.Although the production method of organic rice has multiple at present (see: Xia Lili etc. area, Baoying County organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63；A kind of high yield has The production method of machine rice, CN 103733929 B；The production technology of a kind of organic fragrant rice, CN 103250606 B), but mostly because of Do not use scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, existence fertilizer the most in various degree is not enough and long potential difference, yield poorly, The problem of Pest organism harm weight.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent Preventing and treating, long-term continuous cropping also results in the accumulation of field pathogen and the increase of insect density, passes through rice field despite the use of The methods such as duck culturing, Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann, shrimp and fish control the generation of field insect pest, have employed Chinese herbal medicine fluid seed soaking, plant insecticide prevention The multiple method such as spray and carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, but occur also to there will be pest and disease damage than the more serious time at pest and disease damage cannot The problem controlled, thus cause Severe Reduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully.Therefore, Oryza sativa L. organic farming is also necessary implementation section Learn rational crop rotation, particularly carry out rice field-upland field rotation.Fructus Solani melongenae carries out rice field-upland field rotation with Oryza sativa L., not only contributes to improve the soil in rice field Earth physicochemical character, increases fertility of land and fertilizer efficiency, and can effectively suppress the diseases such as Fructus Solani melongenae bacterial wilt, anthrax, epidemic disease, reduces disease pest Crop smothering occurs, moreover it is possible to improves rice yield and significantly improves economic benefit, having significant economic benefit and ecological benefits.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, by autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean carry out scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, except carrying with field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic crops Corm Eleocharitis Outside high economic benefit, it is often more important that can reduce Weed infestation, that destroys disease pest source grows environment to reduce sending out of pest and disease damage Raw degree, improves soil fertility structure, the reparation of promotion soil environment；Gather later stage interplanting Bowl bean or Fructus Solani melongenae at autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Gathering and cultivate 1 batch of Bowl bean after end, it is the most good in economic efficiency that haricot of gathering makees vegetable, but also can allow stubble early, is conducive to The growth of succession crop, using Bowl bean straw as green manure plough under in soil can fertilizing soil, by straw collecting after every batch of crop harvesting Rear heap make fertilizer or on the spot also field also can fertilizing soil, preferably achieve the recovery of organic matter, improve soil fertility, The benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reach organic The purpose of cultivation." the Organic food technical specification " that organic cultivation method of the present invention is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration (HJ/T80-2001) cultivate, organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis can be cultivated in same organic farming production base.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, comprise the following steps:

(1) suitable place is selected to set up organic farming production base；

(2) suitable kind is selected: Eggplant Varieties selects heat-resisting, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, bearing capacity is strong, High yield, of fine quality, commodity good, is suitable for locality cultivation and the early-maturing variety of the market demand, including: miscellaneous No. 7 of Hunan, miscellaneous No. 8 of Hunan；Bowl bean Fruit variety high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the improved seeds of the Relatively centralized that bears pods, bag Include: Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6；Early-paddy brown rice selects disease and insect resistance By force, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, the improved seeds of suitable local environment, and prioritizing selection is through organic The organic paddy rice seed of certification authority's certification；Corm Eleocharitis Fruit variety is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag Few, it is suitable for the high yield of locality cultivation, fine quality, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin horse Hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: early rice autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice Corm Eleocharitis, 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years；

(4) prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic Bowl bean, You Jizao Rice and the rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area, life State condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and have can The agricultural producing areas of continuous production ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618- 1995) secondary standard in, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), and environment is empty Makings amount is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；Each organic farming production base Cultivated area not less than 10 hectares, production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base is handed over the conventional plot that produces Obvious isolation strip or buffer strip is had at boundary.

Kind described in step (2) all selects the seed processed without banned substance, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator Artificial chemistry synthetic, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, many with the balance and biology maintaining farmland ecosystem Sample；

Application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume is only allowed to foster and apply fertilizer soil as green manure and straw-returning in whole cultivation Earth, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal excreta Just and outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can make With through the organic fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification and microbial manure；

The plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control " is implemented in the preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, from whole farmland production environment Ecosystem sets out, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creates and is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies Environmental condition, reduces the loss that disease pest and weed causes, and based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, The pesticide not using synthetic carries out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, may utilize the mineral allowing to use or plants Thing medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and diatom with limitation Soil, and microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, often Plant residue will be cleared up in time after stubble crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, Making the agricultural Organic substances such as straw all be integrated into utilizing, the garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

Organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation described in step (4) is: immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka after previous crops early rice is gathered in and takes advantage of high temperature Macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 batch of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae after draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over, including: select adapted varieties, training Educate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Described cultivation is anosis, and strong sprout is: uses Shading net covering and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain in mid or late June, typically uses Nutritive cube or 50 hole seedling culture hole plate nursery, when using seedbed to broadcast sowing nursery, heel in battalion when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves Support in the seedling culture hole plate of hole, alms bowl/50, if suitably light seeding, can not heel in；During nursery, sunshading and temperature reducing to be strengthened is arranged with taking shelter from rain Impose and water management, prevent seedling excessive growth；Strong sprout, standard was: short, root system between seedling leaves plumpness, dark green leaf color, stem slubbing Prosperity, plant height 15～20cm, there are 4～6 true leaves, seedling age 30～35 days.

Described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: use zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects anosis strong sprout in selecting at the beginning of late July～8 months Afternoon or cloudy day covering with ground sheeting field planting, every mu of field planting 2000～2800 strain, start to gather, can gather for 10 ends always mid-September.

The fertilization principle of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, and base manure accounts for the 70% of total fertilizer application amount ～80%, execute decomposed dung 3000～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg or become thoroughly decomposed person poultry muck 2500～3000kg, phosphorus for every mu Breeze 30～50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, apply furrow face after ploughing deeply before whole ground；The thin fertile duty of employing of topdressing is executed, front light rear weight, To meet the nutritional need that Fructus Solani melongenae is persistently yielded positive results, after Seedling is delayed in field planting, execute 10%～20% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 1～2 Secondary conduct carries seed manure, each 200～300kg, the fruit growth after bearing fruit impose collection period 20%～30% become thoroughly decomposed night soil or Biogas slurry 2～4 times, each 300～500kg, or the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed of spreading manuer in holes, water the most in right amount.

The water management of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: water field planting water, seedling-slowing stage rehydration 1 time, early stage after field planting immediately Temperature is high, and evaporation capacity is big, waters the most diligent, pours water and should carry out when sooner or later cooling；Phase of yielding positive results often keeps furrow face to moisten, door Eggplant occupy stably after keep uniform moisture supply, make soil see dry see wet；Rainy season is carried out and digs trenches to drain the water away.

Organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (4) is: after gather later stage or the end of gathering of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae in 10 months Retain ten days～mid-November original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting Bowl bean (every two strains at often row Fructus Solani melongenae on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed Program request 1 cave Bowl bean, every drill seeding kind 2 row Bowl bean in the middle of Fructus Solani melongenae), clean rural area after gathering end to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October in time and strengthen The management of Bowl bean, in mid-April next year, end of gathering allows stubble to haricot, and as green manure, the straw after haricot of gathering is ploughed under soil Middle fertilizing soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic Bowl bean is typically sowed in mid-October～mid-November, uses bunch planting, every bunch planting 4～5 kinds Son, it is ensured that more than planting density l ten thousand strain/mu, during sowing, every mu is mixed and stirred become thoroughly decomposed with ground phosphate rock 20～40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg Lid seed manure made by barnyard manure or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg.

Rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: crop rotation is executed after previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is gathered in the crops on the 1st year in conjunction with ploughing soil Cultivating 1 batch of early rice after foot base manure, Bowl bean straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil on the 2nd year after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered by crop rotation, in conjunction with 1 batch of early rice is cultivated after ploughing soil basal dressing；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment in late March～early April Seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, after early rice harvesting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

Above-mentioned organic rice growing employing morning water-raised seedling method concentrates seedling, and rice seedling bed combines prior to seeding and turns over every mu for 3～5 days Execute the high-quality fertilizer 1000～2000kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg makees base manure；3 the most below the moon Ten days～early April are sowed, and the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

Above-mentioned organic morning, rice growing carried out the rational application of fertilizer according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, crop rotation the 1st year Combine ploughing soil every mu before early rice field planting and execute the farm organic fertilizers such as decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck of becoming thoroughly decomposed 2500kg, cake fertilizer 50～100kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg make base manure；The crop rotation early rice of the 2nd year combines ploughing soil every mu and executes and fill The farm organic fertilizers 1000～2000kg such as the barnyard manure point become thoroughly decomposed or cake fertilizer 100～150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg make base manure；? After transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～100kg makees tillering fertilizer, dry field rehydration Rear horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation described in step (4) is: after the harvesting of previous crops early rice, Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, April Early and middle ten days begins with two-phase method and cultivates anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, and early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller divide Strain field strong, without lodging, without disease pest harm makees seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, individual big the most uniform, Terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have the bulb of this varietal characteristic, use stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two Stage nursery (rice seedling bed Seedling) two-phase method nursery；First stage nursery (upland nursery) is: April early and middle ten days select wind sheltering to Sun, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm, plants shepherd's purse and use Clean clear water soaks 18～24 hours, takes out in neatly coming seedbed after draining open fire and carries out upland nursery, holding of periodically watering Ground moistening is to lifting, and early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, transplants extremely when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm Rice seedling bed carries out second stage nursery；Second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic, After using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May carrying out in the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed Rice seedling bed nursery, when height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic Corm Eleocharitis cultivation, and base manure to be used sufficient, in conjunction with turning over The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or person poultry muck 1000～2000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed are executed in every mu of soil Or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately adding ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure, acid heavier soil is when ploughing Quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed；Early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage based on potash fertilizer, topdress after field planting 7 for the 1st time ～10 days, transplanting combines the 1st intertillage every mu and executes the night soil 400～500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early tiller plant division, and the 2nd Secondary topdress every 10～15 days, execute in conjunction with weeding every mu and become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotes envelope row, the 3rd Secondary topdress at JIUYUE early and middle ten days, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention is particularly well-suited to In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River.

The present invention has following good effect: Fructus Solani melongenae is a kind of solanaceous vegetables being weak to continuous cropping, to the requirement of rich water relatively Height, and pest species is many, harm weight, due to the reason such as accumulation of pathogen during continuous cropping, the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt Occur ratio more serious, be susceptible to soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during Fructus Solani melongenae continuous cropping, chemical fertilizer, the making of pesticide Consumption to increase year by year and can be only achieved expected yield, even if using chemical fertilizer, pesticide the most in a large number, also there will be the underproduction year by year Phenomenon, so Fructus Solani melongenae common cultivation is extremely difficult to the requirement of organic farming, if first Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming to be carried out must build Vertical scientific and reasonable rotation system.Bowl bean is weak to continuous cropping, and Bowl bean and the crop such as Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L. carry out efficent rotation, not only improve The organic farming of Bowl bean, can foster and apply fertilizer again and improve soil, beneficially the organic farming of other rotation crops such as Fructus Solani melongenae, Oryza sativa L.. Corm Eleocharitis is also weak to continuous cropping, and Corm Eleocharitis and Fructus Solani melongenae carry out rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, and can also improve Soil structure, training Fertile soil fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage.Although Oryza sativa L. is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also results in field cause of disease The accumulation of bacterium and the increase of insect density.The present invention uses autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean and field crop Oryza sativa L. and efficient aquatic work Thing Corm Eleocharitis etc. carries out scientific and reasonable crop rotation, except increasing yield per unit area and improve product quality, improve economy effect Outside benefit, it is often more important that form distinct floods and droughts ecological environment by rice field-upland field rotation, it is possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, broken Deteriorated case worm source grow environment to reduce the occurrence degree of pest and disease damage, but also soil fertility structure can be improved, form soil The change that physicochemical character etc. are had complementary advantages, promotes the reparation of soil environment；Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae later stage of gathering exempts from Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed Ploughing directly sowing interplanting Bowl bean, haricot of gathering lists and eats raw as vegetable, the most good in economic efficiency, but also can allow stubble early, Be conducive to the growth of succession crop, after haricot of gathering, straw ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil, energy during cultivation early rice as green manure Reach province's fertilizer, the purpose of high yield；Meanwhile, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after straw collecting is made fertilizer or on the spot and foster and apply fertilizer in field Soil, preferably achieves the recovery of organic matter, adds soil with organic matter content, improve soil fertility, can form agriculture The benign cycle that crop is cultivated, maintains balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem, it is ensured that sustainable development of agricultural production, Thus reach the purpose of organic farming.The present invention plants in strict accordance with prescription and the production specifications of organic farm products Training, does not use the artificial synthetic such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone to cultivate, by selecting in whole production process The place being suitable for is set up organic farming production base, is selected suitable kind, cultivates anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, uses various Feasible field management comprehensive technical measure, makes full use of the resources such as light, heat, water, gas, fertilizer, creates and is conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae and wheel Crop Bowl bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis growth promoter and be unfavorable for the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, raw in same organic farming Produce base and can cultivate organic Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean, early rice and Corm Eleocharitis.Within 1 period of crop-rotation, the yield of 1 batch of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae is 3000～4000kg/ mus, the Fresh pod yield of 1 batch of Bowl bean is 750～950kg/ mus, the yield of 2 batches of organic early rice be every batch 480～ 560kg/ mu, the yield of 1 batch of organic Corm Eleocharitis is 1500～2500kg/ mus.The Fructus Solani melongenae produced and rotation crop Bowl bean, early rice and water chestnut Shepherd's purse not only quality is excellent, meets the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, the poorest with the yield of conventional cultivation Different.The science of technology of this crop rotation organic cultivation method are reasonable, and practicality, with workable, can be promoted in In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River Application, is a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation mode, has good society, economy and ecological benefits.

Detailed description of the invention

Below embodiment is had can the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, without limiting the present invention.

Embodiment 1

1. select suitable place to set up organic farming production base

Select traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage convenient, away from city and industrial and mining area (general requirement is at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological bar Part is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the polluter such as soot (pollution-free source within least 5 kilometers of periphery) with Traffic backbone, and the agricultural producing areas with sustainable production capacity set up organic farming production base.Production base soil Earth environmental quality requirement is not less than the secondary standard in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995), and requires ground Gesture is invigorating, the physicochemical property of soil is good, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is strong, deep fertile, the effective soil layer of soil layer reaches more than 60cm, soil row Water venting capability is good, biological activity strong, the content of organic matter is more than 15g/kg.Irrigation water water quality meets " field irrigation water quality mark Accurate " regulation of (GB 5084-2005), it is desirable to cleaning of having abundant water resources, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting.Ambient air quality is not less than Secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012), it is desirable to air cleaner.Organic production base should have Certain scale, general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares.Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with therebetween into The plot that row routine produces, but allow to there is organic conversion plot.Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, Reach in field that outside field, irrigation canals and ditches are unimpeded, fill defecation profit.Organic production base with conventional produce plot intersection must have significantly every From band, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc..If plot, edge is likely polluted by neighbouring conventional plot and is affected, then must be organic And buffer strip or the physical barrier of about 10m are set between conventional plot, the most contaminated to ensure organic plot.In view of certain A little materials can remain the quite a long time in the environment, conventional production systems typically require 2 years to organic production conversion Transition period, after the agricultural product such as the Fructus Solani melongenae cultivated thereafter results could as organic products, the Fructus Solani melongenae of cultivation in i.e. the 3rd year and other Agricultural product are only organic farm products.

2. prescription and production specifications according to organic farm products produce

Produce principle according to organic agriculture, to follow the course of nature and based on ecological principle, use breeding to combine, follow The agricultural technology of a series of sustainable developments such as ring regeneration, the balance maintaining farmland ecosystem and bio-diversity produces, In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of the artificial synthetics matter such as pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone or growth regulator, Do not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the sustainable production capacity in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important.Bowl bean is important Vegetable, grain, feedstuff and green manure dual-purpose crop, after Bowl bean results, green manure fertilizer efficiency height is done in stem stalk green manuring, can effectively improve soil Physicochemical character, improves soil organic matter content, is enriched with and increases soil nutrient, being effectively improved soil fertility, can be that rear stubble is made Thing provides multiple available nutrient, reaches the purpose that land used is increased soil fertility and promoted the agriculture cultivation that organises, so 1 batch of Bowl bean of plantation is not only Can obtain higher economic benefit, and can also culture fertility, supplement nutrient for soil, improve Soil structure, for organic eggplant The production of the agricultural product such as son is taken a firm foundation.The green manure such as application of organic fertilizers and plantation legume is only allowed to train with straw-returning Fertile soil, will use fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed.The fertilizer such as chicken manure, pig manure before administration 2 Within individual month, harmless treatment need to be carried out, fertilizer be mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully become thoroughly decomposed.For fertilizer early stage available nutrient Discharge shortcoming slowly, it is possible to use allow to use has fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the root nodule bacteria of potassium decomposing effect, bacillus cereus, photosynthetic The microorganism fertilizer such as antibacterial and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, the activity through probiotics is accelerated nutrients release, is promoted the crop effective profit to nutrient With.Allow the fertilizer type used in addition to animal wastes and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, also can make With materials such as potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through organic fertilizer and the microorganism fertilizer of Organic certification agency qualification Material.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, combine Close and use various prophylactico-therapeutic measuress, create the environmental condition being unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to the procreation of all kinds of natural enemies, reduce disease The loss that Cordyceps evil causes, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carries out chemical prevention.Cultural control mainly by select resistance kind, carry out efficent rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis Strong sprout, use various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create be conducive to crop growth and not It is beneficial to the environmental condition that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant.It is raw that biological and physical control is to try to protection Producing the ecological environment in base, maintain the ecological balance of nature, the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out Biological control；Utilize insect The intrinsic light that becomes, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2～3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type is killed Worm lamp HLD-01) carry out insect-killing trapping.When pest and disease damage occurs more serious, it is possible to use allow some mineral and the plant used Medicament carrys out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr with limitation, And microorganism and preparation thereof such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage, it is possible to use sulfur, stone with limitation The prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as ash, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.

(3) protection base ecological environment

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, so will be timely after every batch of crop harvesting Cleaning plant residue, thoroughly sweeps, cleans base, is all transported by plant invalid body and destroys or buried, to reduce disease outside base Insect pest radix.Heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making agricultural Organic substance all quilts such as straw Comprehensive utilization.The garbage that agricultural film etc. can not be degraded all to reclaim and to be used.

3. work out scientific and reasonable rotation plan and carry out organic farming

Fructus Solani melongenae is weak to continuous cropping, and during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as bacterial wilt occurs serious, and is susceptible to soil even Making obstacle, the most then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so must formulate the rotation plan of science during Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming, sets up and closes The rotation system of reason, to control disease pest harm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle.Through years of researches and production practices, grind Study carefully and summed up In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae organic farming rotation system and be: early rice autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Bowl bean the (the 1st Year) early rice Corm Eleocharitis (the 2nd year), 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years.1 batch of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae is cultivated after 1 batch of early rice of cultivation in 1st year, On Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed, the no-tillage direct bunch planting Bowl bean of original mulch film, Fructus Solani melongenae is retained after gather later stage or the end of gathering of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Gather after terminating timely cleaning rural area strengthen the management of Bowl bean, Bowl bean after spring end next year gathers haricot immediately by straw Plough under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under after early rice harvesting Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivate 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis, Corm Eleocharitis is cultivated by above-mentioned rotation cropping pattern after gathering.

(1) autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae organic production

1. adapted varieties is selected

In the case of current China has obtained organic eggplant seed of certification the most, should select to process without banned substance Seed, prohibit the use of transgenic seed.Select heat-resisting, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, bearing capacity is strong, high yield, Of fine quality, commodity good, is suitable for locality cultivation and the precocious Eggplant Varieties of the market demand, such as the Hunan of Inst. of Vegetables, Hunan Prov.'s selection-breeding Miscellaneous No. 7, the kind such as miscellaneous No. 8 of Hunan.

2. cultivate anosis strong sprout in good time

The seedling raise period of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River organic Fructus Solani melongenae autumn culture is mid or late June.General use nutritive cube or 50 hole seedling culture hole plate nursery.If using seedbed to broadcast sowing nursery, can not heel in during suitable light seeding；But when sowing closeer, then Need to carry out 1 time heeling in when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves, can heel in nutritive cube or 50 hole seedling culture hole plates.At a time when nursery Annual high temperature, arid season, sunshine is strong, time have storm, Shading net covering to be used and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain, to prevent children Seedling excessive growth.High temperature season is big due to evaporation capacity, seedbed to be paid special attention to moisturizing, prevents the dead Seedling of arid.Strong sprout, standard was: seedling leaf Short, well developed root system between sheet plumpness, dark green leaf color, stem slubbing, plant height 15～20cm, there are 4～6 true leaves, seedling age general 30～ 35 days.

3. base manure, in good time field planting are used sufficient

The bedding of whole ground and basal dressing: immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under after previous crops early rice is gathered in Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae and foster and apply fertilizer Soil, then draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over.Using sufficient base manure before field planting, base manure should account for the 70%～80% of total fertilizer application amount, the most every Mu execute decomposed dung 3000～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg or person poultry muck 2500～3000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～ 50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, can increase and decrease as one sees fit according to soil fertility.Acid heavier soil is also wanted every mu and is executed quick lime 50～100kg.General basal dressing and the bedding of whole ground after ploughing deeply 1 time, furrow width (wrapping a gutter) 1.2～1.4m, furrow ditch depth 20～ 30cm, and hold successfully and enclose ditch and Yao Gou, accomplishes furrow ditch, waist ditch and encloses Gou Gougou and communicate in order to draining.Base manure is general all before whole ground Apply furrow face, the most wholely, covering with plastic film.

Field planting in time: the suitable Planting time of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River is at the beginning of late July～8 months.Every furrow field planting 2 row, strain Away from 40～50cm, every mu of field planting 2000～2800 strain, afternoon or cloudy day field planting should be selected, after field planting, water field planting water immediately, the 2nd day Also want the morning 1 water of teeming to ensure that seedling survives.

4. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: Fructus Solani melongenae fast growth, trophophase is long, and fertilizer requirement is relatively big, and is that repeatedly result is repeatedly gathered, institute Must be in time with rich water supply.Preferably use the fertilization principle that thin fertile duty is executed, eaten the most more.General execute after Seedling is delayed in field planting 10%～ 20% becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 1～2 conducts carry seed manure, each 200～300kg；Door eggplant executes 1 fertilizer, the most often after occupying stably Gather about 2 times to combine to water and topdress 1 time, within the most every 10～15 days, chase after 1 fertilizer, based on instant nitrogenousfertilizer, after bearing fruit Fruit growth typically can impose 20%～30% collection period and become thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 2～4 times, each 300～500kg, or Spread manuer in holes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, water the most in right amount.Dose must be front light rear heavy, to meet what Fructus Solani melongenae was persistently yielded positive results Nutritional need, strengthens result reserve strength.

Water management: seedling-slowing stage rehydration 1 time after field planting, early stage temperature is high, and evaporation capacity is big, waters the most diligent, it should be noted that ensure Uniform moisture is supplied, and pours water and should carry out when sooner or later cooling；Often keeping furrow face to moisten in the phase of yielding positive results, door eggplant is wanted after occupying stably Keep uniform moisture supply, make soil see dry see wet；Rainy season must carry out the work that digs trenches to drain the water away, and prevents flood stain to hinder root.

It addition, be also noted that and erase the following side shoot of an eggplant in time, to reduce nutrient consumption, make nutrient centralizedly supply fruit, Improve fruit-setting rate, promote growth of young.After the 1st, 2 layers of fruit harvest, base segments Huang leaf, Lao Ye, sick leaf should be beaten, with Increase ventilation and penetrating light, reduce the generation of disease.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: follows the principle of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", must the most early prevent pest and disease damage, should be with Integrated pest control in agriculture is main, (i.e. seed is put into seed weight by selecting Resistant kind and disease-free seed, employing temperature to scald seed soaking Measure in 55 DEG C of warm water of 3～4 times, be stirred continuously about 15 minutes, after water temperature is down to room temperature, continues seed soaking 4～5 hours, then urges Sowing or directly sowing after bud) kill pathogenic bacteria that the surface of the seed carries, carry out reasonable rice field-upland field rotation, execute the regulation acid of appropriate quick lime Basicity, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, use zanjon height plot of land film mulching and planting, rational close planting, reinforcement rich water quality management to make to plant Strain robust growth, prevent the cultivation management of the science such as field hydrops, create and be conducive to Fructus Solani melongenae growth promoter and be unfavorable for Pest organism The environmental condition that evil occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant；Check in time, find that diseased plant is pulled out immediately, burns or buried, Calx is spread fertilizer over the fields in cave；Cleaning rural area, removing field and periphery weeds, reduce disease pest propagating source etc..Next to that use biological with Physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa to prevent eliminating aphis；With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, yellow plate, backboard etc. Insect-killing trapping, carrys out insect-killing trapping as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01), or every mu is hung 30～40 pieces Specification is yellow plate and the backboard insect-killing trapping of 25cm × 40cm；Can also be used with Silver Grey Mulching Film covering and keep away aphid, with sweet-and-sour liquid, gyplure Trapping diamondback moth, Prodenia litura etc.；When pest and disease damage occurs heavier, the plant source Biocidal such as soft soap, matrine can be used to kill Microbial inoculum or local growing plants (Herba Houttuyniae, Bulbus Allii, Herba Menthae, tansy, Melia azedarach L. etc.) extractant carry out pest control, as with 30g/L The tansy liquid of (fresh weight) is anti-to eliminate aphis and acarid, with Herba Alii fistulosi Bulbus Allii mixed liquor and the generation of the pre-preventing disease and pest of Bulbus Allii leachate；Also can have Limit ground and use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and Bt such as used by microorganism and preparation thereof The insects such as preparation, HD-l bacillus thuringiensis or nuclear polyhedrosis virus etc. are anti-to eliminate aphis, trialeurodes vaporariorum, with trichodermin (viable spore 1.5 hundred million/g) wettable powder 600～800 times of liquid prevent and treat gray mold, leaf mold etc., can also be used with the controlling disease such as Bordeaux mixture. Prevention and control of weeds typically utilizes covering with ground sheeting to suppress weed growth, uses artificial weeding if desired.

Gather the most in time

When Fructus Solani melongenae fruit is fully grown up, glossy, be connected with the fruit white rings band (being commonly called as eggplant eye) at position of sepal is opened When beginning inconspicuous, represent that fruit growth is relatively slow, be the commodity period of maturation of Fructus Solani melongenae.Should adopt in time when Fructus Solani melongenae reaches commodity maturation Receiving, door eggplant and eggplant can be shifted to an earlier date 1～3 day gather, this can improve the fruit-setting rate of the above fruit of an eggplant, increases early yield.Eggplant Son requires the most repeatedly to gather, in order to avoid affecting plant strain growth and affecting Fructus Solani melongenae quality and yield.General in about mid-September Start to gather, can gather for 10 ends always.The Fructus Solani melongenae quality produced is excellent, yield is high, meets the production requirement of organic Fructus Solani melongenae, typically Yield is 3000～4000kg/ mus.

Selecting miscellaneous No. 7 of Eggplant Varieties Hunan, (CK selects to use organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method The soil cultivation of solanaceous crops, every mu of sealing fertilizer 60kg, calcium superphosphate 50kg, ammonium hydrogencarbonate 30kg was not planted in nearly 3 years Make base manure, sealing fertilizer 30kg or carbamide 20kg to topdress；Chemical agent is used to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control no less than 4 times) carry out Contrast test, the area of each process is 8m × 20m, if 3 times are repeated.Result of the test shows: organic cultivation method of the present invention The disease pest harm of the 1st～the 3rd period of crop-rotation is the lightest, and yield is the most more stable, and low unlike CK, also have the most gradually The trend increased；Meanwhile, the product quality of organic farming alternating method of the present invention significantly improves than CK, reaches the mark of organic products Standard, but the product quality of CK can only achieve non-harmful standard (being shown in Table 1).

Miscellaneous No. 7 of table 1 Hunan uses organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK) to carry out autumn stubble cultivation Yield and quality and pest and disease damage a situation arises comparison sheet

(2) Bowl bean organic production

Bowl bean is the rear work of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae, and its organic production is as follows.

1. Fruit variety and seed treatment

Selection high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the improved seeds of the Relatively centralized that bears pods, As Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, the kind such as Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6.Should select without disabling thing The seed that matter processes, prohibits the use of transgenic seed.

1～2 day is first basked seeds to improve seed vitality and water absorbing capacity, it is ensured that emerge neat before sowing.Temperature is used to scald leaching again Kind, seed soaking in the warm water of 55 DEG C will be put within 10～15 minutes, kill the pathogenic bacteria that seed carries by seed, be stirred continuously to water temperature and drop To about 30 DEG C, soak seed the most again about 1 hour.Then dress seed with root nodule bacteria, every mu with nitragin 10～20 grams, with Just can sow after seed mixing, i.e. mix and i.e. use.

2. begin sowing in good time

The previous crops of Bowl bean is Fructus Solani melongenae, applies fertilizer more during due to cultivation Fructus Solani melongenae, also has more remaining fertilizer not to be finished in soil, And the loosing soil cultivating Fructus Solani melongenae is breathed freely, can be with zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating Bowl bean, typically without basal dressing, as long as with the matting that becomes thoroughly decomposed Lid seed manure made by fertilizer or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes.

Typically sow in mid-October～mid-November, open field soil.Gather later stage or end of gathering at autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae After to retain original mulch film on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed mid-October～mid-November no-tillage directly every two strain eggplants of often row Fructus Solani melongenae Program request 1 cave Bowl bean in the middle of son, every drill seeding kind 2 row Bowl bean, use bunch planting, every bunch planting 4～5 seeds, it is ensured that planting density l ten thousand strain Above/mu.After planting cover decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 2～3cm.During general sowing every mu with ground phosphate rock 20～ 40kg, potassium breeze 10～20kg mix and stir decomposed dung or farmyard manure or burnt dust-ashes 1000～1500kg makees lid seed manure.To eggplant in November Son is gathered after terminating and is cleaned rural area in time, eggplant straw is collected heap after break process and makes fertilizer, and strengthen Bowl bean Management.

3. field management

Look into Seedling after emerging in time to fill a vacancy, middle weeding 1～2 times, before surviving the winter, carry out 1 ridging, heat-preserving anti-freezing.Cultivation eggplant Generally it is not required to topdress during soil cultivation Bowl bean after son, if seedling stage, Seedling colour cast was yellow, is presented with fertilizer deficiency symptom, can fit and execute 1 seed manure, executes thin person poultry muck 500kg or decomposed manure 500～800kg promotion growth of seedling stalwartness and root nodule shape for every mu Become.Also can suitably impose flower, pod fertilizer in early flowering season and fruiting period, thin person poultry muck, methane liquid or the cake fertilizer etc. that becomes thoroughly decomposed can be used. The Sheng that bears pods phase soil often to keep moistening, and the rainfall of the Yangtze river basin is abundant, except the most typically need not pour water, like rain special year Water excess draining in time should drop stain, and the rainy day carries out ditch cleaning drainage works.Climing property kind starts support as plant height 30cm, can will carry The branch (removing blade) of the little bamboo stem of the tip or band branch is inserted in the ranks or bracing wire is drawn climing, or cleans field after end gathered by previous crops Fructus Solani melongenae During garden, every strain Fructus Solani melongenae has a mind to retain 1～3 bigger side shoot as nature support, in order to Bowl bean plant climbs growth.

Disease pest and weed prevent and treat: disease pest and weed preventing and treating mainly use cultural control, pest and disease damage can by select Resistant kind, Select disease-free seed to begin sowing in good time, efficent rotation, rational close planting and timely support draw and climing improve field ventilation and penetrating light condition, hold successfully Drain ditch in the field reduces field humidity, pulls out diseased plant, sick leaf and sick pod in time, cleans the measure preventing and treatings such as rural area after results in time； Weed growth is prevented by plastic film mulching cultivation.Reasonable utilization biology and physical control, Protect natural enemies, create and be conducive to sky simultaneously The environmental condition of enemy's existence, uses frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, colour table trapping adult, hangs silver grey film bar repellent aphid etc..

4. timely collecting

When soybean pod grows to 8～9 ripe, the seed in soybean pod is fully grown up and is gathered during tympanites.Typically start in March next year Gather, end of gathering about mid-April, the fresh pod of every per mu yield 750～950kg.Haricot removes mulch film immediately after gathering, field fills Water, ploughs under fertilizing soil in soil, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation using straw as green manure.

(3) early rice organic production

Early rice organic farming is the organic farming of annual 1 batch of early rice in including 1 period of crop-rotation, before the 1st year early rice of crop rotation As Corm Eleocharitis, the previous crops of the 2nd year early rice of crop rotation is Bowl bean.

Cultivation early rice anosis strong sprout the most in good time

Fruit variety: disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good in selection, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecology Environment, quality reach country and plant the excellent non-transgenic early-paddy brown rice of substandard, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification agency qualification Organic paddy rice seed.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate tiller strong sprout: during presoaking and germinating, about 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill seed with 1% lime water The pathogenic microorganism on surface, carries out presoaking and germinating after cleaning with clear water according to a conventional method；Or kill the surface of the seed with the boiling hot seed soaking of temperature Pathogen, will put in 55 DEG C of warm water and soak seed 10～20 minutes by seed, and be stirred continuously, water temperature is down to after room temperature routinely Method carries out presoaking and germinating, and accelerating germination shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken breast.

General use water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed within 3～5 days, combine prior to seeding turn over every mu execute fully become thoroughly decomposed excellent Matter fertilizer 1000～2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg make base manure.Typically broadcast at late March～early April Kind, after planting keep seedling bed to moisten, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing to 1.5 leaves；Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills Horse race water, fine day takes off film ventilation seedling exercising the most afterwards, prevents rice shoot from burning, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid seedling exercising at night day, moves Plant first 3 days and all take off film；Within 5～7 days before transplanting, imposing dilute night soil or methane liquid in right amount, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: the previous crops of the 1st year early rice of crop rotation is Corm Eleocharitis, combines ploughing soil and uses sufficient base manure, execute for every mu before field planting The farm organic fertilizers such as decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cake fertilizer 50～100kg, ground phosphate rock 30～ 50kg makees base manure；The previous crops of the 2nd year early rice of crop rotation is Bowl bean, and Bowl bean straw ploughs under soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, base during cultivation early rice Fertilizer need not be too many, executes farm organic fertilizer 1000～2000kg or the cake fertilizer such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed general with ploughing soil every mu 100～150kg, ground phosphate rock 30～50kg makees base manure.Keep 3～3.3cm water layers to harrow a field after turning over, plough whole rear preparation of raking and insert Seedling.

Rice transplanting in time: typically in mid or late April rice transplanting, uses and manually plants or transplanting.Reference Strains line-spacing 17cm × 20cm, Planting Densities 1.8 ten thousand～2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, every root and stem of certain plants is inserted the suckering plant of 2～3 paddy, is participated Basic Seedling 70,000～10 for every mu Ten thousand.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front rush, middle control, the most steady fertilization principle, suitably executes tillering fertilizer in the case of base manure abundance With take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer.General after transplanting 4～5 days every mu impose become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 100～150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50～ 100kg makees tillering fertilizer, and after dry field rehydration, horse back every mu executes the cake fertilizer 50～100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as fringe Fertile.

Water management: should make full use of filling draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, air and heat, create suitable early rice growth field Between miniclimate.Water management accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, and the shallow water root and stem of certain plants, tiller alive, Seedling foot dry field (i.e. reaches about 200,000/mu when Seedling number Time start dry field), to moisten after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, note rice shoot turn green after draining in 2～3 days Open field, to cultivate good root system, open field 2～after 3 days again answer shallow water, the later stage can not be dehydrated too early, in order to avoid affecting mass of 1000 kernel.

4. disease pest and weed preventing and treating

Preferentially use cultural control, by select disease-resistant variety, efficent rotation, cultivation strengthen seedling, rational close planting, enrich organic Fertile, remove the Healthy culture measures such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time and improve field microclimate so that it is ventilate thoroughly Light is good, strengthens the resistance of plant self, reduces the generation of pest and disease damage；Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, Oryza sativa L. residuum, subtract The place that few pest and disease damage grows；By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing Basic Seedling and science, make Oryza sativa L. early envelope OK, reach to suppress the purpose of weed growth；Manually cut weeds control crop smothering by farming weed eradication and using.Next to that use biology With physical control, pest natural enemy such as birds, batrachia, Aranea, parasitic wasp etc. are utilized to control the population quantity of insect, as when rice field moth Trichogramma releases preventing and treating rice leaf roller, striped rice borer and yellow rice borer when worm insect population radix reaches 100/mu；Prevented by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields Control the insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, The insects such as non-glutinous rice plant hopper, mini pest uses yellow card's trap.Can be selected for when pest and disease damage is more serious through Organic certification agency qualification Biological pesticide preparation prevent and treat, as with bacillus subtilis wettable powder preventing and treating rice blast and false smut, with Bt preparation, Chemical control striped rice borer, the rice leaf roller such as azadirachtin preparation, with preventing and treating rice such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations Plant hopper.

5. gather in the crops

Early rice is typically ripe in mid or late July, gathers in the crops in time after maturation, it is desirable to single receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying Unified sale.Average per mu yield 480～560kg.

(4) Corm Eleocharitis organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding Ridge weeds and stubble.The farm organic fertilizer such as farmyard manure or decomposed dung 2000～3000kg or corruption is executed in conjunction with real tillage every mu Ripe person poultry muck 1000～2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150～200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium breeze 20kg makees base manure. Acid heavier soil quick lime 50～100kg/ mu to be executed when ploughing.Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active soil stratum 20～25cm, and keep 2～5cm shoaling layers, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud work, clay fertilizer, grass are clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation Corm Eleocharitis anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for the height of locality cultivation Product, high-quality Corm Eleocharitis kind, such as Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County's water chestnut The improved seeds such as shepherd's purse, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis.

Reserving seed for planting and plant shepherd's purse and select: formerly year Corm Eleocharitis Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, tiller plant division are strong, without falling Volt, without disease pest endanger field make seed field.Profile rounding, epidermis is taken without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin when gathering Dark brown, single bulb weight more than 20g, the bulb storage with institute's cultivar feature are passed the winter, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering March in next year has dug direct nursery.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze river basin preferably uses two-phase method nursery, i.e. one stage nursery (drought Seedling) and two-stage nursery (seedling Tian Miao) two-phase method nursery, need to plant shepherd's purse 110～200 for every mu of land for growing field crops, sowing quantity 2.0～5.0kg.A. first stage nursery (drought Ground nursery): typically at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil is about 10cm, broken for thin for soil hoe hoe, is made into furrow wide 100～the seedbed of 150cm；Corm Eleocharitis digging after that preserve or field wintering preserve Middle reselection is full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster consistent, and individual big uniform, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, have The bulb of this varietal characteristic, soaks 18～24 hours with clean clear water, takes out and drains open fire, according to line-spacing 15～20cm, spacing in the rows 5 ～8cm neatly comes in seedbed, making terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after the water of spray vola, thickness is advisable to cover terminal bud, fixed Phase waters holding ground moistening to lifting；Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastic sheeting carries out accelerating germination, after entering May Available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed when kind of top dome bud length 20～25cm and carries out second-order Duan Yumiao.B. second stage nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): typically select irrigation and drainage abundant paddy field convenient, organic mid-May, often Mu is executed and is become thoroughly decomposed farm organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg or become thoroughly decomposed dung polluted water 1500～2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed makees base manure, Turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten；In mid or late May, in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, lifting moves Plant, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50～60cm, every cave 1 young plant；Early stage water irrigating depth 2～3cm after transplanting seedlings, should not surpass the most deeply Crossing 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3～5cm；Topdress seedling stage and preferably gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water Or dilute methane liquid 500～1000kg, and weed Fender grass, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or dilute methane liquid 500 ～1000kg；After 30～40 days, height of seedling reaches 35～more than 40cm, field planting during cladode thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, at the latest less than the beginning of autumn.1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3～5 cladodes, The field planting degree of depth is advisable to enter mud 10～12cm.If rice shoot is the highest, the tip of a branch should be prescinded, stay cladode high 30～35cm, or by the tip Head gives a discount and plants in water, in order to avoid being broken by windbreak after field planting and shaking stock.In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reduce pest and disease damage Generation, during organic farming should suitable thin planting, density is generally 2500～3000 caves/mu, Reference Strains line-spacing 40～50cm × 50 ～60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, and base manure to be used sufficient, early stage of topdressing with nitrogenous fertilizer is in good time Master, later stage are based on potash fertilizer.Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7～10 days, transplant and combine the 1st intertillage every mu after turning green and execute and become thoroughly decomposed Night soil 400～500kg, to promote early tiller plant division；Topdress for 2nd time every 10～15 days, about in the August of plant vigorous growth In the middle ten days, execute become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer 70～80kg or plant ash 100～200kg promotion envelope row in conjunction with weeding every mu；Topdress in JIUYUE for 3rd time Early and middle ten days, imposes balling according to full field growing state fertile, the center strain of cladode color burn, ramet the most on the ground in right amount Execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when starting pumping scape, separately add potassium breeze 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5～8cm in order to work after field planting The root and stem of certain plants, keeps shoaling layer 2～5cm in order to plant division, accelerates gradually to deepen to pour water along with plant strain growth later after turning green, vigorous period Keep water layer 6～9cm, want appropriateness draining dry field at the beginning of 9 months such as stem and leaf over growth by the end of August, to suppress too much plant division, promote to carry Early knot shepherd's purse, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5～10cm, late October field start to cut off the water supply, keep shallow Water moistens；Mid or late November digs trenches to drain the water away in order to excavating.

Middle weeding: combining for 7～10 days after field planting topdresses carries out the 1st intertillage, cuts weeds with hand-lifting.Every 10～15 days Topdress in conjunction with the 2nd time and carry out weeding in the 2nd time, find that the close ground of Seedling can take out a part of thin and delicate Seedling, promote ventilation and penetrating light, Make strain clump robust growth, enhance disease resistance.The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected sobole.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as efficent rotation, selection Resistant kind, selects anosis field to stay Plant, select anosis kind of ball work kind, nurturing staff；Rational close planting, suitable thin planting, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain；Strengthen Cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects；Cleaning rural area in time, winter, cladode was withered After residual for field stem dead leaf is all removed, focus on or retting compost, root out limit, field weeds, reduce first the invading of pest and disease damage in the coming year Dye source；Science Guan Shui, it is to avoid string filling, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduce wet Degree, moistens little cracking (i.e. mud surface is hard, and the inside is soft) be advisable to shine to face, field, rehydration immediately after junction；Land for growing field crops plough is every when turning over Mu is executed quick lime 50～100kg and is carried out soil disinfection.Advocate and use biological and physical control, protection batrachia predation Field Pests, Utilize the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly；Use frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant Trapping Prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., use yellow card's trap alatae adult.Their early stage is pulled out diseased plant in time and is taken out of outside field deep Bury, can prevent and treat with Bt preparation with bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease if desired Insect pest.

5. gather

About in mid or late November, the ground stem and leaf of Corm Eleocharitis starts the most withered and the most yellow and gradually withered lodging, bulb skin When color is transformed into yellowish-brown to bronzing by white, bulb maturation can be gathered.General after mid-December, per day temperature Degree is down to less than 5 DEG C, and in bulb, sugar content is high, and the sweet succulence of taste, for optimum period of gathering.Collection period is with February in late December to next year The first tenday period of a month are advisable.General yield is 1500～2500kg/ mus.

In sum, Fructus Solani melongenae, Bowl bean, early rice and the Corm Eleocharitis not only quality that crop rotation organic cultivation method of the present invention produces is excellent, Meet the prescription of organic farm products, and yield is high, there is no notable difference with the yield of conventional cultivation；Disease in planting process Insect pest occurs gently, soil fertility can be effectively improved, and uses the inventive method rotation cropping for many years, and whole structure performance is steady Fixed, the yield of Fructus Solani melongenae has the trend being gradually increased.

Claims (10)

1. autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:

(1) suitable place is selected to set up organic farming production base；

(2) suitable kind is selected: Eggplant Varieties selects heat-resisting, disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, and bearing capacity is strong, high Produce, of fine quality, commodity good, is suitable for locality cultivation and the early-maturing variety of the market demand, including: miscellaneous No. 7 of Hunan, miscellaneous No. 8 of Hunan；Bowl bean product Kind selection high yield, Resistant, tolerance to cold are relatively strong, wide adaptability, Pod Bearing Percentage are high and the improved seeds of the Relatively centralized that bears pods, including: Ah pole gram this, little blue or green pod, Hangzhou spend in vain, Chengdu winter Semen Pisi sativi, middle pea 4, middle pea 6；Early-paddy brown rice selects disease and insect resistance strong, anti- Lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, the improved seeds of suitable local environment, and prioritizing selection is through Organic certification machine The organic paddy rice seed of structure certification；Corm Eleocharitis Fruit variety is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, and bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, matter fine slag is few, is suitable for The high yield of local cultivation, fine quality, including: Hubei Province shepherd's purse 1, osmanthus hoof 2, Xiaogan Corm Eleocharitis, 91-33 Corm Eleocharitis, Guilin Horse hoof, Shayang County Corm Eleocharitis, Tuanfeng County Corm Eleocharitis, Huichang County Corm Eleocharitis, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou Corm Eleocharitis；

(3) rotation system is: cultivation successively in the 1st year: early rice autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae Bowl bean, cultivation successively in the 2nd year: early rice water chestnut Shepherd's purse, 1 period of crop-rotation is 2 years；

(4) according to the prescription of organic farm products and production specifications carry out organic Fructus Solani melongenae, organic Bowl bean, organic early rice with The rotation cropping of organic Corm Eleocharitis, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer fertilizing soil.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 1 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that Organic farming production base described in step (1) is that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, good away from city and industrial and mining area, ecological condition Good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from soot and other polluter and traffic backbone, and there is sustainable production The agricultural producing areas of ability, soil environment quality requires to be not less than in " standard of soil environment quality " (GB 15618-1995) Secondary standard, irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB 5084-2005), ambient air quality It is not less than the secondary standard in " ambient air quality " (GB 3095-2012)；The plantation of each organic farming production base Area is not less than 10 hectares, and production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and organic production base has with the conventional plot intersection that produces Significantly isolation strip or buffer strip.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 1 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that Described organic farming includes following measures:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use of including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, herbicide, hormone and growth regulator is artificial Chemosynthesis material, does not use technique for gene engineering and products thereof, to maintain balance and the bio-diversity of farmland ecosystem；

Whole cultivation only allows application of organic fertilizers, plantation legume as green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, Fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed；Except using animal wastes And outside plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium breeze, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, could be used that Organic fertilizer and microbial manure；

The preventing and treating of disease pest and weed, based on integrated pest control in agriculture, uses biological and physical method preventing and treating, does not use synthetic Pesticide carry out chemical prevention, when there being pest and disease damage to occur, utilize allow use mineral or plant medical agent prevent and treat disease pest Evil, moreover it is possible to use rotenone, the Pyrethrum of plant origin, prosparol and kieselguhr, and include bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation Carry out the preventing and treating of pest and disease damage in interior microorganism and preparation thereof, could be used that sulfur, Calx, lime sulfur, Bordeaux mixture are prevented and treated Pest and disease damage；

Stablizing of farmland ecosystem to be maintained, it is impossible to cause environmental pollution and ecological disruption, at every batch of work Plant residue will be cleared up in time after thing results, heap after straw collecting made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making bag Including straw to be all integrated into utilizing at interior agriculture Organic substance, the garbage that can not degrade including agricultural film all to reclaim And be used.

4., according to the autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is special Levying and be, the cultivation of organic Fructus Solani melongenae described in step (4) is: Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after previous crops early rice is gathered in Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate Rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, then cultivates 1 batch of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae after draining dry field, solarization soil of turning over, including: select adapted varieties, cultivation Anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that Described cultivation is anosis, and strong sprout is: use Shading net covering and measure nursery of taking shelter from rain in mid or late June, general use nutritive cube or 50 hole seedling culture hole plate nursery, when using seedbed to broadcast sowing nursery, heel in hole, nutritive cube/50 when seedling grows 2～3 true leaves In seedling culture hole plate, if suitably light seeding, can not heel in；Sunshading and temperature reducing to be strengthened and the measure of taking shelter from rain and water during nursery It is in charge of reason, prevents seedling excessive growth；Strong sprout, standard was: short, well developed root system between seedling leaves plumpness, dark green leaf color, stem slubbing, plant height 15～20cm, there are 4～6 true leaves, seedling age 30～35 days.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that Described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation is: use zanjon height bedding cultivation, selects anosis strong sprout in selecting afternoon or the moon at the beginning of late July～8 months It covering with ground sheeting field planting, every mu of field planting 2000～2800 strain, start mid-September to gather, can gather for 10 ends always.

Autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae the most according to claim 4 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is characterised in that The fertilization principle of described organic Fructus Solani melongenae cultivation, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, and base manure accounts for the 70%～80% of total fertilizer application amount, often Mu execute decomposed dung 3000～3500kg, cake fertilizer 150～200kg or person poultry muck 2500～3000kg of becoming thoroughly decomposed, ground phosphate rock 30～ 50kg, potassium breeze 20～30kg, apply furrow face after ploughing deeply before whole ground；The thin fertile duty of employing of topdressing is executed, front light rear weight, to meet eggplant The nutritional need persistently yielded positive results of son, executes 10%～20% after Seedling is delayed in field planting and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 1～2 conducts carry Seed manure, each 200～300kg, the fruit growth after bearing fruit imposes 20%～30% collection period and becomes thoroughly decomposed night soil or biogas slurry 2～4 Secondary, each 300～500kg, or the cake fertilizer 50～100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed of spreading manuer in holes.

8., according to the autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is special Levying and be, the organic Bowl bean cultivation described in step (4) is: mid-October after gather later stage or the end of gathering of autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae ～mid-November retains original mulch film no-tillage direct bunch planting interplanting Bowl bean on Fructus Solani melongenae cultivating bed, gather end to Fructus Solani melongenae by the end of October The management of Bowl bean is also strengthened in rear cleaning rural area in time, and in mid-April next year, end of gathering allows stubble, after haricot of gathering to haricot Straw plough under fertilizing soil in soil as green manure, then 1 batch of early rice of cultivation.

9., according to the autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is special Levying and be, the rice growing organic morning described in step (4) is: crop rotation uses sufficient after previous crops Corm Eleocharitis is gathered in the crops on the 1st year in conjunction with ploughing soil Cultivating 1 batch of early rice after base manure, Bowl bean straw is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil on the 2nd year after previous crops Bowl bean is gathered by crop rotation, in conjunction with soil Cultivate 1 batch of early rice after basal dressing of turning over；Early rice selects the kind of suitable local environment to broadcast in late March～early April Kind of nursery, mid or late April rice transplanting, immediately Caulis et Folium Oryzae is ploughed under after early rice harvesting Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil.

10., according to the autumn stubble Fructus Solani melongenae described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 and Bowl bean, early rice, Corm Eleocharitis crop rotation organic cultivation method, it is special Levying and be, the cultivation of organic Corm Eleocharitis described in step (4) is: Caulis et Folium Oryzae ploughs under after the harvesting of previous crops early rice Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten Caulis et Folium Oryzae fertilizing soil, cultivates 1 batch of Corm Eleocharitis after using sufficient base manure in conjunction with arable land；Corm Eleocharitis selects to be suitable for the kind of locality cultivation, on April Beginning with two-phase method the middle ten days to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.