CN105746323A - Soilless culture method of organic cucurbita pepo L. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless culture method of organic cucurbita pepo L.. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of preparation of organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer liquid, culture trough building, variety selection, seed treatment, strong seedling culture, transplanting, field management, disease and pest control and harvesting. Straw-fermented fertilizer is adopted for culture in the whole process, and production of nutritive, high-quality, safe and environment-friendly organic vegetables and the soilless culture technology are combined. The measures of dynamic and circular fertilizer supply, continuous fermentation and timely liquid fertilizer recovery are taken. The method has the advantages that the fertilizer utilization rate is high and production controllability is high, and continuous, high-quality and efficient production of organic cucurbita pepo L.is achieved. The method is suitable for being adopted by vegetable growers in planting cucurbita pepo L.in protected land, has high economic value and is an organic planting method which is efficient, practical and low in cost.

Description

A kind of soilless cultivation method of organic zucchini

technical field

The invention relates to a soilless cultivation method of organic zucchini, belonging to the field of agricultural planting.

Background technique

Zucchini (scientific name: Cucurbitapepo L.) Alias: watermelon, white melon, pumpkin, American pumpkin, Yunnan small melon, cabbage melon, nettle melon, March melon. It belongs to Cucurbitaceae (Cucurbitaceae), belongs to the genus Cucurbita, native to southern North America, and is now widely cultivated. Around the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, in the 16th century, along with foreign trade, it was introduced into China from Fujian and Zhejiang. The annual herbaceous thick vines (climbing), there are three major strains: dwarf, semi-climbing and vine-growing; zucchini contains more vitamin C, Glucose and other nutrients, especially calcium, are extremely high. The nutrient content per 100g edible part (fresh weight) of different varieties is as follows: protein 0.6-0.9g, fat 0.1-0.2g, cellulose 0.8-0.9g, sugar Carotene 2.5-3.3g, carotene 20-40 micrograms, vitamin C 2.5-9 mg, calcium 22-29 mg. Zucchini is rich in water and has the effect of moisturizing the skin. Fresh zucchini is light green, and tastes as fragrant and delicious as its color; zucchini regulates human metabolism, has the effect of weight loss, anti-cancer and anti-cancer, zucchini contains more vitamin C, glucose and other nutrients, especially the content of calcium Very high, moreover, zucchini is rich in water and has the function of moisturizing the skin; traditional Chinese medicine believes that zucchini has the functions of clearing away heat and diuresis, relieving restlessness and quenching thirst, moistening lung and relieving cough, reducing swelling and dissipating stagnation; it can be used as an auxiliary treatment for edema, abdominal distension, polydipsia, sores Poison and nephritis, liver cirrhosis and ascites embolism; zucchini contains an interferon inducer that can stimulate the body to produce interferon, improve immunity, and play an anti-virus and tumor role. Zucchini is rich in water and has the function of moisturizing the skin. At present, most of my country uses greenhouses to grow zucchini, which has many problems such as labor-intensive, waste of water and fertilizer, and serious occurrence of soil-borne diseases, which seriously restricts farmers' income and causes agricultural environmental pollution.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a soilless cultivation method for organic zucchini. The technical scheme adopted is as follows: comprising organic fertilizer matrix preparation, cultivation tank construction, variety selection, seed treatment, cultivating strong seedlings, transplanting Planting, field management, pest control, harvesting and marketing.

The preparation of the organic fertilizer matrix: the raw materials of the organic fertilizer matrix are fermented with straw, chicken manure, etc. as the main raw materials; various raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry, and mineral fertilizers are added in a timely and appropriate amount, and the characteristics of symbiotic bacteria are used for low-temperature fermentation in the early stage Decompose or suppress fermentation in the later stage; the decomposed organic fertilizer is decomposed and re-fermented during the planting period, and sprayed with water, biogas slurry, and mineral extraction leachate during the management period to collect organic liquid fertilizers with different contents; organic liquid fertilizers have comprehensive nutrients and are easy to control , balanced fertilizer effect, easy to supplement, can meet the growth needs of zucchini in different periods, the shredded straw will be harmlessly treated 2 months before planting, straw 50 to 80, chicken manure 30 to 10, and other organic matter 20-10; Add biogas slurry, mix wet bean cake soaking liquid, pile up, cover with plastic film, make it fully fermented and decomposed; the temperature in the pile during the fermentation period is as high as 60°C, which can effectively kill the diseases, insect pests and weeds in the farmyard manure, and after treatment The high-quality fertilizer is easy to be absorbed and utilized by vegetables, and the pH value should be 6-6.5. It should be mixed well and put into the cultivation tank.

The construction of the cultivation tank: build a cultivation tank with red bricks on the ground of the solar greenhouse; lay a layer of polyethylene film with a width of lm in the tank; the slope in the extension direction is 0.005, and the two ends are open; the length of the tank is 10-20m, and the inner diameter is 48cm , the thickness of the substrate is 15-20cm, and the distance between the grooves is 70cm; a pool is built in the greenhouse, and a dropper is laid for each groove; variety selection: choose low-temperature resistant, weak light, high-yield, and disease-resistant zucchini varieties.

The seed treatment: soak the seeds in 70-80°C hot water with a volume equivalent to 3 times the seed volume for 5-10s, then remove the seeds and put them in cool water to clean them; soak the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes, Or soak in 0.5%-1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water.

The cultivation of strong seedlings: choose a warm and sunny morning to put the pre-decomposed organic matter into the plug tray, and the organic seedling raising matrix components are straw, chicken manure, peat, and the weight parts of each dry material of perlite are: straw 70 to 80 ; chicken manure 10 to 20; seedling substrate peat perlite 1:1; various raw materials such as soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizers are added in an appropriate amount at 10 to 20; when the surface of the substrate is white, add water; when the seedlings show fertility When insufficient, topdress diluted organic fertilizer. Sow the seeds after pouring clean water; cover the seedling raising substrate with 1-2cm; after emergence, the daytime temperature is 25-28°C, and the nighttime is 17-20°C; 5 days before planting, gradually increase the ventilation, cool down and harden the seedlings; transplanting and planting: before planting 15-20d, tightly closed the greenhouse for about 10d for high-temperature stuffy greenhouse disinfection.

The parts by weight of the dry ingredients of the organic cultivation substrate are: straw 50 to 60; chicken manure 30; seedling raising substrate peat perlite 1:1, soybean meal, plant ash, biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer and other raw materials are added in an appropriate amount to 20 to 10; when the surface of the substrate is white, add water; when the seedlings show insufficient fertility, topdress with diluted organic liquid fertilizer.

The transplanting and planting: planting according to the plant spacing of 45-50 cm, using the triangular planting method between the two rows; pouring the planting water thoroughly, so that the root lumps are combined with the substrate, so as to facilitate the growth of the seedlings; field management: before the deep winter, the greenhouses are maintained during the day 25-30°C, 15-17°C at night; in deep winter, heat preservation is the main thing, and when it reaches 30°C at noon in the daytime, a small wind is released for a short time, and the night temperature is raised by the accumulated temperature during the day, and the lowest temperature at night is kept at 8-10°C; From mid-November when the temperature drops to 8°C, straw curtains will be covered, and old film will be covered on the grass thatch in cloudy and snowy days to increase the temperature of the shed; ℃ management; adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed by opening and closing the air outlet every day. After May, when the light is too strong and the temperature is too high, you can cover the shed with straw curtains or shading nets at intervals to cool down; after planting, pour small water , keep the root substrate moist. After the root melon sits, do the first topdressing, topdressing with organic liquid fertilizer; topdressing with special liquid fertilizer once every 15 days before the end of January; Gradually increase; water after fertilization, control irrigation in deep winter, water once every 10-15d. Adding CO2 gas fertilizer from the beginning of February can effectively increase the yield. Water once every 3 days after fruit setting to keep the substrate moist; after watering, when the temperature of the shed rises to 28°C, open the vents to dehumidify; when it is cloudy and snowy or when the humidity in the shed is high; Potassium needs the most potassium, and high-potassium organic fertilizers such as plant ash can be topdressed during the peak growth period; when the vines of zucchini grow to 20cm, hang the vines in time.

The pest control: 1) Use sunshade nets and insect nets to protect vegetables; install frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps to kill insects; hang yellow sticky boards in the greenhouse to trap and kill whiteflies, mineria americana, and winged aphids; It can be removed manually; 2) Biological control artificial reproduction, release, and introduction of predatory natural enemies; in addition, various polyhedrosis viruses of Bacillus thuringiensis can be used to control pests and diseases; 3) When necessary, drug control can be coordinated and used; lime, sulfur can be used , Bordeaux mixture to prevent and control various diseases of vegetables; soft soap, plant preparations, vinegar and other substances that can inhibit fungal diseases of crops can be used to prevent and control fungal diseases of vegetables; rotenone, plant-derived pyrethrins, emulsified vegetable oils and diatomaceous earth can be used in a limited manner 4) Use the high temperature season in summer to clean up the greenhouse and fumigate the greenhouse.

The harvesting and marketing: generally harvesting 25-20d after flowering.

Beneficial effect of the present invention

The technical effect of the present invention is that, by adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, a soilless cultivation method of organic zucchini can be realized, which solves the labor-intensive, high cost, difficult operation, and environmental pollution problems of traditional zucchini cultivation and soilless cultivation methods. The problem is that the yield can be increased by 20% in the same period, and the year-round planting of zucchini can be realized; it is possible to market organic vegetables with good taste and taste.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the effect comparison of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited by the examples.

General Planting Technology Example 1: Cultivate strong seedlings and adopt organic matrix plugs for seedling cultivation. The preparation of organic matrix is decomposed pepper stalks in a ratio by weight: waste mushroom slag: zeolite powder: jade powder=100: 50: 20: 1 Proportionally mixed to obtain the mixture; add 50% carbendazim wettable powder 200g, Radix Radix Radix powder 5g in every 1m3 mixture, add 1kg of 1:1:1 nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 15g of boric acid, manganese chloride 10 grams, 0.6 grams of copper chloride, 0.3 grams of ammonium molybdate and 2 grams of zinc sulfate are mixed evenly to obtain the substrate; sowing, 5-7 days before sowing, build a seedling greenhouse, and cover with a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 65% Shade; sow seeds 27-29 days before planting, the seedling temperature is 25-35°C, soak the seeds in 0.1-0.15% potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 10-15 minutes before sowing, and then put them in 23-25°C Seeds were soaked in warm water for 3-5 hours, and the water was changed 1-2 times during the period, then picked up, rinsed with clean water, and then treated with microwaves for 3-4 minutes, wrapped with wet gauze and placed in an incubator to accelerate germination, when 70 When % of the seeds show white buds, they can be sown. First pour the base water in the plug tray, and then sprinkle a thin layer of substrate with the substrate after the water seeps down, level the substrate on the plug tray surface, and then broadcast the seeds directly into the holes of the plug tray and sow Then cover the substrate with 0.8cm-1.0cm, and cover the plug with 1 layer of plastic film. Before emergence, keep the temperature at 28-33°C. After emergence, ventilate and cool down in time to avoid excessive growth of seedlings. When it grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart, it can be selected for field planting; (3) The planted cultivation field should be plowed deeply in advance, and the high-temperature stuffy shed should be used for 1-2 months before planting; -5000kg, 25kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 30kg of potassium sulfate, 1kg of zinc sulfate, 8-10kg of soil conditioner, 1-2kg of Chinese herbal fungicide, spread evenly and carry out rotary tillage, and then rake Leveling, ditching and making furrows, making east-west cultivation furrows with a width of 1.8-2.0 meters and a height of 15-20 cm, and leaving a 30-50 cm wide operation ditch between the furrows and appropriate greenhouse side space, 8-10 days before planting Set up a shed with buckle film and stuffy shed; transplant and plant at the right time to select strong seedlings with the characteristics of this variety, with a seedling capacity of 2 leaves and 1 heart, and no pests and diseases, and choose cloudy or sunny days around August 10. The row spacing is 43×80cm Open holes for planting at a distance between the rows of plants, and water the fixed roots in time. After 3-5 days, the roots will be planted, and then the roots will be flattened. According to weather conditions and plant growth and appearance, through the opening and closing of the greenhouse, temperature management and light adjustment are carried out, and at key points such as the planting of live trees, the initial fruit stage, and the middle stage of fruit expansion, topdressing is implemented in combination with micro-drip irrigation, and artificial fertilizers are implemented during the flowering stage. Auxiliary pollination; pruning Zucchini should be pruned in time after the vines are stretched, using the double vine pruning method. When the main vine is 60cm long, select a strong side vine at the 3-5 node, and remove the remaining side vines; the melon sits firmly Finally, remove diseased leaves, old leaves, diseased branches, and weak branches; when drawing vines, guide the vines to the lower side of the border , when the vines are introduced, they should not be turned arbitrarily, and the vines should not be twisted; fertilizer and water management: when the zucchini vines are 30-40cm long, carry out intertillage weeding, soil cultivation, etc., apply slow seedling fertilizer 7 days after transplanting, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, use urea 5kg/mu Add water to irrigate; apply 8kg/mu of urea and 10kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer when the melons and eggs are large, and apply once after 7 days, and apply 8kg/mu of urea and potassium sulfate each time after harvesting. Reasonable watering, watering should be stopped 7-10 days before zucchini picking; (5) Agricultural measures such as crop rotation, sun-drying, disease-resistant varieties, and additional application of organic fertilizers are used for pest control; high-temperature stuffy sheds, black film weeding, color plates and light trapping and other physical measures; combined with necessary chemical control, comprehensive and harmless pest control, prohibited high-toxic and high-residual pesticides; (6) Harvesting: in early and mid-October, generally 17 to 20 days after flowering Harvest the first batch of melons every day; after harvesting, the field should be cleaned in time, and the straw and waste plastic film should be treated harmlessly. 2. the greenhouse zucchini cultivation method according to claim 1.

Embodiment 2 of the present invention

1) Substrate preparation: Straw kneading, harmless treatment is required 2 months before application, straw 50-80, chicken manure 30-10, other organic matter 20-10; add biogas slurry, bean cake soaking liquid and mix wet , Accumulated, and covered with plastic film to make it fully fermented and decomposed. During the fermentation period, the temperature in the heap is as high as 60°C, and the stacking time is more than 60 days. The temperature is 25-30°C in the early stage and 60-65°C in the later stage; the decomposed organic matter is sprayed with water, biogas slurry, and mineral extraction leachate through circulation. Get an organic liquid fertilizer. Organic liquid fertilizer has comprehensive nutrients and balanced fertilizer effect, which is conducive to plant absorption. Biogas residue and biogas slurry contain trace elements, which provide essential nutrients for plant growth. In addition, there are many physiologically active substances in the biogas slurry, which can regulate the growth and development of crops and prevent and control crop diseases; the pH value is 6-6.5, and they are fully mixed and put into cultivation tanks;

2) Cultivation trough construction: build a cultivation trough directly on the ground of the solar greenhouse with red bricks; lay a layer of polyethylene film with a width of lm in the trough; the slope in the extending direction is 0.005, and both ends are open; the trough is 8m long and 4cm in diameter. The thickness of the substrate is 15-20cm, and the distance between the grooves is 70cm; build a 3-4=cubic meter pool in the greenhouse, and lay a dropper for each groove;

3) Variety selection: select mid-ripening zucchini hybrids with strong disease resistance;

4) Seed treatment: Soak the seeds in hot water at 70-80°C for 5-10s with a volume equivalent to three times the seed volume, then remove the seeds and put them in cool water; soak the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes, or put Soak in 0.5%-1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-15 minutes, then rinse with water;

5) Cultivate strong seedlings: choose a warm and sunny morning to sterilize the hole trays with organic substrates in advance, pour the water thoroughly and sow the seeds, the depth is about 1 cm, and 1 seed per hole; the daytime temperature after emergence is 25-28 ℃, 17-20 ℃ at night; water organic liquid fertilizer once a week or so; as the seedlings grow larger, divide the seedlings twice in time; 5 days before planting, gradually increase the ventilation, cool down and harden the seedlings;

6) Transplanting and planting: 15-20 days before planting, tightly seal the greenhouse and carry out high-temperature stuffy shed disinfection for about 10 days; plant at a distance of 45-50 cm, and use a triangle planting method between two rows; thoroughly water the planting water to combine the root lumps with the substrate , to facilitate the growth of seedlings;

7) Field management: Before deep winter, the greenhouse is maintained at 25-30°C during the day and 15-17°C at night; in deep winter, heat preservation is the main focus, and when it reaches 30°C at noon during the day, a small wind is released briefly to increase the accumulated temperature during the day Nighttime temperature, the lowest temperature at night is kept at 8-10°C; when the temperature drops to 8°C in mid-November, straw curtains are added, and old film is covered on the grass thatch in cloudy and snowy days to increase the temperature of the shed; after the temperature rises in March, Manage according to the suitable temperature of 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C at night; adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed by opening and closing the air outlet every day. After May, when the light is too strong and the temperature is too high, you can cover the shed with grass at intervals Curtains or shade nets to cool down; start watering 1 week after planting to keep the root substrate moist. After the root melon sits, do the first topdressing, and apply the special organic liquid fertilizer for soilless cultivation; topdress the special fertilizer once every 15 days before the end of January; after February, as the temperature gradually rises, the plants enter the peak fruiting period , the amount of topdressing can be increased; water after fertilization, control irrigation in deep winter, and water once every 10-15d. Adding CO2 gas fertilizer from the beginning of February can effectively increase the yield. Irrigate with small water every 3 days after fruit setting, and drip water for 1-2 hours each time to keep the substrate moist; after watering, when the temperature of the shed rises to 28°C, open the vents to remove moisture; in cloudy and snowy days or when the humidity in the shed is high In addition, zucchini has the most demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and potassium can be topdressed with high-potassium fertilizers such as plant ash during the peak growth period; when zucchini vines grow to 20cm, hang vines in time;

8) Pest control: Use sunshade nets and insect nets to protect vegetables; install frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamps to kill insects; hang yellow sticky boards in the greenhouse to trap and kill whitefly, leaf miner, and winged aphids; artificial Extirpation; biological control artificial propagation, release, and introduction of predatory natural enemies; in addition, various polyhedrosis viruses of Bacillus thuringiensis can be used to prevent and control pests; when necessary, drug control can be coordinated and used; lime, sulfur, and Bordeaux mixture can be used to prevent and control vegetables. plant diseases; soft soaps, plant preparations, vinegar and other substances that inhibit fungal diseases of crops can be used to prevent and control fungal diseases of vegetables; rotenone, plant-derived pyrethrins, emulsified vegetable oils and diatomaceous earth can be used to kill insects; In the high temperature season, clean up the greenhouse and fumigate the shed; use the high temperature season in summer to clean the greenhouse and fumigate the shed;

9) Harvesting and marketing: Generally, it is harvested 25-20 days after flowering, so that the quality is better and it can be produced organically every year.

The effects of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 are compared, and the comparison results are shown in Figure 1.

As can be seen from Figure 1, compared with Example 1 (traditional method of farming), the method provided by the present invention (Example 2) is significantly better than the traditional method in terms of water consumption, time, yield, quality, and income. (Example 1), and at the same time, it is significantly better than the existing method in terms of cultivation and management, and the yield is increased. Under the condition of no increase in management costs, the income of zucchini is increased, and the goals of water saving, labor saving, high yield and efficiency increase can be achieved. . It is an efficient, practical and low-cost organic planting method.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person familiar with this technology can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims (12)

1. the soilless culture method of an organic Cucurbita pepo L., the invention discloses a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. soilless culture method, to not carrying out chemically treated not genetically modified Cucurbita pepo L. seed disinfection, whole process utilize the fermentation maturities such as straw after fertilizer do substrate culture and leachate pouring；The production of the organic vegetable of eutrophy, high-quality and safety and environmental protection and cultivation technique without soil are combined；Adopt dynamic circulation fertilizer and reclaim liquid fertilizer measure in good time；The slow releasing of fertilizer and vegetable nutrient being absorbed quantitative change combine period, bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds, and utilizes the feature of fungal component to carry out early stage low temperature fermentation, and the later stage becomes thoroughly decomposed and continues system fermentation of irritating；The fertilizer become thoroughly decomposed is by last decomposition and fermenting again planting season, and management phase timely and appropriate discovery supplements and sprays clear water, and biogas slurry, mineral extracts leachate etc., collects the organic fertilizer of acquisition Different Nutrients content；Overcome the conventional soil plantation organic vegetable transition period long, production site is required strict, organic fertilizer application and the problem such as pest control is difficult, it is achieved that the anniversary of organic vegetable continues high-quality and efficient production.

2. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, is characterized in that early-stage preparations: booth planted agent is without exposed soil, and seedling raising greenhouse or shed are carried out pasteurised completely process by the outer fly net all standing of booth.

3. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, is characterized in that sowing: is uniformly distributed the thick fertilizer seedling medium of 15-20cm in nursery furrow, after planting covers 1cm seedling medium again.

4. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, is characterized in that fertilizer seedling medium raw material is for rubbing a straw, cicken feces dried etc., it is desirable to the peat composed of rotten mosses, and perlite 1:1 is only used for sowing, and covers fertilizer surface after transplanting；When stromal surface shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, keep the skin wet；When the growth of cereal crop seedlings shows fertility deficiency, impose the fertilizer of dilution.

5. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that restrain the growth of seedlings when Cucurbita pepo L. Seedling reaches standard, survival after transplant, by spacing in the rows 45-50cm field planting, between duplicate rows, adopt triangle field planting method；Cultivation matrix in cultivating pool, changes before transplanting every time in good time；Lower hollow, is beneficial to interpolation or discharge and regulates organic fertilizer height.

6. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the Cucurbita pepo L. in the cultivation bed being planted in cultivation booth is carried out cultivation management, including irrigating, fertilising, Plant adjustment；Irrigate, adopt sprinkling irrigation and organic fertilizer alternate intersection to irrigate；Fertilising, uses organic fertilizer, and the concentration of fertilizer is carried out fuzzy quantitative；Organic fertilizer used meets regulation in organic products standard GB/T/T19630.1-2011；Plant adjustment, adopts temperature, and humidity regulation vegetable produces.

7. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before liquid fertilizer uses and after collecting, can pass through the management of liquid fertilizer fuzzy dynamic and determine the suitable degree of liquid fertilizer concentration；It is beneficial to better recycling, after each watering, fertilizing 0.5-2 hour, starts to collect solution；Guarantee that culture medium is in most of time to see and dry see wet condition, be beneficial to root growth, control the growth of plant appropriateness.

8. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that observe root, stem and leaf growing state, it is determined that suitable concentration, supplements clear water, bean cake, plant ash in time, and the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer adds adjustment.

9. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described nursery fertilizer substrate, the weight portion of each composition siccative is: straw 70 to 80；Chicken manure 20 to 10；Bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 0-10.

10. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described fertilizer substrate, it is chicken manure, rubs a straw and carry out heap preparing high-temp and become thoroughly decomposed, time of banking up, temperature early stage kept 25-30 DEG C, is beneficial to breeding of fungal component more than 60 days；Later stage is maintained at 60-65 DEG C, and high temperature sterilization becomes thoroughly decomposed；The organic matter become thoroughly decomposed sprays clear water by circulating, biogas slurry, and mineral extract leachate etc., obtains organic fertilizer after collection；Organic fertilizer nutrient is comprehensive, and fertilizer efficiency is balanced, is beneficial to plant absorption.

11. the soilless culture method of a kind of organic Cucurbita pepo L. according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each composition of described cultivation matrix, weight portion for siccative: straw 50 to 60, chicken manure 30-20, bean cake, plant ash, the multiple raw material timely and appropriate discovery such as biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer is added to 20-10.

12.PowerProfit requires 1 insect pest preventing and controlling stated, it is characterised in that 1) utilize sunshade net, vegetable is protected by fly net；The parasite killing such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp are installed；Hanging yellow haftplatte in greenhouse, trap and kill trialeurodes vaporariorum, dive otitid in America, alatae；Also can manual removal；2) Biological control artificial propagation, release, introduce predator；It can in addition contain with the various polyhedrosis virus prevention and elimination of disease and pests of Bacillus thuringiensis；3) medical treatment is if desired, and tunable utilizes medical treatment；The material preventing and treating vegetable fungal diseases such as the soft soap suppressing crop fungal disease, galenical, vinegar can be used；Can using rotenone, the pyrethrin of plant origin with limitation, prosparol and kieselguhr carry out parasite killing；4) summer high temperature is utilized season booth to be carried out the cleaning of falling canopy, stifling stewing canopy.