CN113229101A - Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate - Google Patents
Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN113229101A CN113229101A CN202110710165.8A CN202110710165A CN113229101A CN 113229101 A CN113229101 A CN 113229101A CN 202110710165 A CN202110710165 A CN 202110710165A CN 113229101 A CN113229101 A CN 113229101A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a medium for cultivating summer squash in a sunlight greenhouse, which is prepared from fermented mushroom medium waste materials: peat: the perlite is compounded according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 7: 5-8, and the preparation method of the fermented mushroom matrix waste comprises the steps of adding 0.5-2 parts of cow dung and 0.5-2 parts of urea into 100 parts of mushroom matrix waste by weight, adding water to control the humidity to be 60-70%, adding fermentation bacteria to build a pile, fermenting for 30-40 days, and then exposing for 5 days in the sun; the medium can improve the transplanting survival rate by 11.64 percent, saves the cost, advances the seedling revival period by 3 days, obviously leads the growth and development of the summer squash under the medium cultivation, has the residual fruit rate lower than that of the soil cultivation by 4.69 percent, effectively increases the commodity fruit rate, improves the quality of the summer squash, and is obviously higher than that of the soil cultivation in terms of yield.
Description
The application is a divisional application with application date of 2019, 03 and 08, application number of 201910174915.7 and invention name of substrate for cultivating summer squash in sunlight greenhouse and a cultivation method.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medium for cultivating summer squash in a sunlight greenhouse and a cultivation method.
Background
Cucurbita pepo L, a cucurbitaceae family, Cucurbita, a native north american south america, and china introduced from europe in the middle of the 19 th century, with distribution throughout the world. Annual vintage herbage has three major strains of dwarf, semi-vintage and vintage. Has the advantages of strong water absorption and drought resistance, strong low temperature and weak light resistance, strong root system, strong adaptability, storage and transportation resistance of fruits, high planting benefit and the like. The Cucurbita pepo fruit contains more nutrient substances such as vitamin C and glucose, and has effects of relieving restlessness, quenching thirst, moistening lung, relieving cough, clearing heat, promoting urination, relieving swelling and resolving hard mass. The fruits are used as vegetables. The fresh weight nutrient content of each edible part of different varieties is 0.6-0.9 g of protein, 0.8-0.9 g of cellulose, 0.1-0.2 g of fat, 2.5-3.3 g of sugar, 2.5-9 mg of vitamin C, 20-40 micrograms of carotene and 22-29 mg of calcium.
At present, the summer squash is mostly planted in a greenhouse in China, and the traditional soil cultivation has the problems of time and labor waste, large water and fertilizer consumption, serious occurrence of soil-borne diseases and the like, so that the income increase of farmers is severely restricted, and the agricultural environment pollution is caused.
The substrate cultivation can effectively avoid crop continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne diseases and insect pests, has the advantages of controllable production process, high yield, high quality, pollution reduction and the like, and can also break through the production problems of soil salinization and non-cultivated facility greenhouses. The substrate cultivation technology is gradually accepted by broad vegetable growers due to the advantages of labor saving, water saving, fertilizer saving, high quality, high efficiency and the like. Aiming at the current situations of high one-time investment cost, relatively complicated nutrient solution management and the like of facility substrate cultivation, cheap edible fungus waste is utilized, the edible fungus waste is developed into a novel substrate substitute through a fermentation technology, the facility agricultural structure adjustment and transformation upgrading are promoted based on the principle of 'simple, reduced, clean, efficient, ecological and sustainable', the novel substrate cultivation is improved for many years and is experimentally promoted, and an organic ecological substrate which can be accepted by farmers and is easy to popularize and a new cultivation technology are explored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defect that the greenhouse summer squash cultivation in the prior art lacks an efficient cultivation medium, and provides a medium for cultivating summer squash in a sunlight greenhouse and a cultivation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a medium for cultivating summer squash in sunlight greenhouse is prepared from fermented mushroom medium waste: peat: the perlite is compounded according to the mass ratio of 5-10: 7: 5-8, and the preparation method of the fermented mushroom matrix waste comprises the steps of adding 0.5-2 parts of cow dung and 0.5-2 parts of urea into 100 parts of mushroom matrix waste by weight, adding water to control the humidity to be 60-70%, adding fermentation bacteria to build a pile, fermenting for 30-40 days, and then exposing for 5 days in the sun.
Further, the ratio of the fermented mushroom substrate waste: peat: the perlite is compounded according to the mass ratio of 7:7:6, and the preparation method of the fermented mushroom matrix waste comprises the steps of adding 1 part by weight of cow dung and 1 part by weight of urea into 100 parts by weight of mushroom matrix waste, adding water to control the humidity to be 60-70%, adding fermentation bacteria to build a pile, fermenting for 30-40 days, and then exposing for 5 days in the sun.
The method for cultivating the zucchini in the sunlight greenhouse by adopting the substrate comprises the following steps:
s1 cultivation groove construction
The depth of each cultivation groove is 20-30 cm, the width of each cultivation groove is 50-70 cm, the distance between every two cultivation grooves is 50-70 cm, a layer of gardening ground fabric is paved in each cultivation groove and among the cultivation grooves, the medium is filled to 4/5 positions of the cultivation grooves, and 1 drip irrigation tape is paved in each cultivation groove;
s2 seed treatment and seedling raising
Selecting full and uniform-particle and undamaged summer squash seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water for 30-50 min, soaking the seeds in clear water for 6-8 hours, rubbing and cleaning mucus on the surfaces of the seeds, wrapping the seeds with clean wet gauze, accelerating germination for 30-40 hours at 25-32 ℃, sowing the seeds when the sprouts are 0.3-0.5 cm long, and managing the seedling culture according to conventional management;
s3 permanent planting
Starting field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, field planting one line in each cultivation groove, wherein the planting distance is 45-50 cm, and watering thoroughly;
s4 field management
Controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night during seedling recovery, controlling the water and fertilizer before melon setting, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in daytime and 13-16 ℃ at night, simultaneously increasing the water and fertilizer amount, watering for 1 time every 5d, topdressing for 1 time along with water after 2 times of watering, fertilizing 20 +/-5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer for each mu of land, hanging vines by a mutual winding method of ropes and stems when the vines grow to 30cm +/-5 cm, timely wiping off lateral buds, removing diseased leaves of old leaves, and dropping the vines when the plants grow to the top of a shed;
and S5 timely harvesting when the melon grows to 350-450 g.
Preferably, in S1, the cultivation grooves have a groove depth of 25cm, a groove width of 60cm and a groove spacing of 60 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the Cucurbita pepo seeds are soaked in warm water at 50 ℃ for 40min and then soaked in clean water for 6-8 h.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the pumpkin substrate and the cultivation method can improve the transplanting survival rate by 11.64 percent, save the cost, bring forward the seedling revival stage of the colleagues by 3 days, and lay a foundation for bringing the pumpkin into the market in the later period; the growth and development of the pumpkin under the substrate cultivation are obviously superior to those of soil cultivation, the plant height, the stem thickness, the root length, the fresh weight of roots and the fresh weight of stems are all obviously higher than those of the soil cultivation, the accumulation of biomass is increased, and the yield is favorably formed. From the physiological indexes of the cucurbita pepo leaves, the difference between the chlorophyll value and the nitrogen content is small, but the leaf area and the net photosynthetic rate matrix cultivation are obviously higher than that of soil cultivation, the photosynthesis is increased, the yield is promoted to be formed, and a foundation is laid for later high yield. The residual fruit rate of the substrate cultivation is 4.69 percent lower than that of the soil cultivation, the commodity fruit rate is effectively increased, the quality of the summer squash is improved, and the substrate cultivation is obviously higher than that of the soil cultivation in terms of yield.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Examples
1.1 Experimental materials
The Cucurbita pepo variety is 'overwintering Hanyu', and is provided by Danong gardening seeds Co., Ltd.
1.2 design of the experiment
1.2.1 base mix ratio
The composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of mushroom substrate waste, 1 part of cow dung and 1kg of urea, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted, water is added to control the humidity to be 60-70%, fermentation bacteria are added to build a pile, the pile is fermented for 30-40 d, the pile is exposed to the sun for 5d, and finally the mushroom substrate waste is finished according to the fermentation: peat: the perlite is compounded in a ratio of 7:7: 6.
1.2.2 general description of the test
The experiment is carried out in a park of a twelfth college institute of agricultural science of the production and construction of the army in 2018, the cultivation mode is facility groove type cultivation, the groove depth is 25cm, the groove width is 60cm, the groove interval is 60cm, 1 layer of gardening ground cloth is paved in the grooves and among the grooves, the cultivation matrix is filled to 4/5 positions of the cultivation grooves, and 1 drip irrigation tape is paved in each cultivation groove. The number of plants per mu is 1646. The substrate cultivation and the soil cultivation are carried out in the same sunlight greenhouse, and the field management is the same. Breeding in 3 months and 7 days, field planting in 4 months and 6 days, harvesting in 5 months and 27 days, and harvesting in 9 months and 27 days.
1.3 Experimental methods
And after planting, recording the survival rate and determining the days of seedling revival. And (4) starting harvesting, randomly selecting 3 points from the substrate and soil cultivation, and recording the number and weight of the results until the harvest is finished, wherein 6 plants are selected at each point. 10 plants are randomly selected in each treatment in the middle and later period of harvesting, and the plant height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, root length, fresh root weight, fresh stem weight and other indexes are respectively measured. Measuring the chlorophyll value and nitrogen content of inverted 3-chlorophyll by a TYS-3N plant nutrient tester. The net photosynthetic rate of inverted 3 leaves was determined using a CI-340 portable photosynthesizer.
2 analysis of results
2.1 Effect of different cultivation methods on seedling recovery of Cucurbita pepo L
After 7 days of field planting of the cucurbita pepo, the difference of the survival rate of matrix cultivation and soil cultivation transplanting is obvious, the matrix cultivation is more than 98%, and the soil cultivation is 86.61%. Under the same management condition, the seedling recovering period of the pumpkin cultivated by the matrix is 4 days, the seedling recovering period of the soil cultivation is 7 days, and the difference between the two treatments is 3 days. See table 1.
2.2 Effect of different cultivation methods on the growth and development of Cucurbita pepo L
The influence of the substrate cultivation and the soil cultivation on the agricultural character of the pumpkin is obvious, the plant height, the stem thickness, the root length, the fresh weight of the root and the fresh weight of the stem under the substrate cultivation are respectively 32.67 percent, 18.78 percent, 24.98 percent, 32.17 percent and 30.42 percent higher than those of the soil cultivation, and the plant height, the stem thickness, the root length, the fresh weight of the root and the fresh weight of the stem under the substrate cultivation all reach obvious difference levels. See table 2.
2.3 influence of different cultivation methods on physiological index of Cucurbita pepo leaf
The effect of substrate cultivation and soil cultivation on physiological indexes of cucurbita pepo leaves is remarkable, the leaf area and net photosynthetic rate under substrate cultivation are respectively 16.44% and 22.28% higher than those of soil cultivation, and the difference reaches a remarkable level; chlorophyll value and nitrogen content are respectively 5.33% and 8.04% higher than those of soil cultivation, but the difference does not reach a significant level. See table 3.
TABLE 1 Effect of different cultivation methods on seedling recovery of Cucurbita pepo L
| Cultivation method | Date of transplantation (moon-day) | Survival Rate of transplantation (%) | Days of seedling recovery (d) |
| Substrate cultivation | 4-6 | 98.25％ | 4 |
| Soil cultivation | 4-6 | 86.61％ | 7 |
TABLE 2 influence of different cultivation methods on the growth and development of Cucurbita pepo L
| Cultivation method | Plant height (m) | Stem diameter (mm) | Root length (cm) | Fresh weight of root (g) | Fresh weight of stem (g) |
| Substrate cultivation | 1.34a | 21.63a | 71.10a | 39.93a | 682.69a |
| Soil cultivation | 1.01b | 18.21b | 56.89b | 30.21b | 523.45b |
TABLE 3 influence of different cultivation methods on physiological index of Cucurbita pepo leaf
TABLE 4 influence of different cultivation methods on the yield of Cucurbita pepo L
| Cultivation method | Number of plants | Number of fruiting of individual plant | Weight of single fruit | 666.7m2Yield of the product | Rate of fruit remaining |
| (Strain/666.7 m)2) | (A) | (g) | (kg) | (％) | |
| Substrate cultivation | 1646a | 10.90a | 456.78a | 8195.27a | 2.15 |
| Soil cultivation | 1646a | 8.21b | 405.61a | 5481.28b | 6.84 |
The pumpkin substrate cultivation obviously improves the number of single plants and the weight of single fruits, finally, the substrate cultivation with the yield of 666.7m2 is 8195.27kg, the soil cultivation is 5481.28kg, the substrate cultivation is 49.51 percent higher than the soil cultivation, and the difference reaches an obvious level. The residual fruit rate matrix cultivation is obviously lower than the soil cultivation, and the quality of the summer squash is effectively improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The fermented mushroom substrate waste is characterized in that the preparation method of the fermented mushroom substrate waste comprises the following steps: mixing 100 parts by weight of mushroom substrate waste, 0.5-2 parts by weight of cow dung and 0.5-2 parts by weight of urea to obtain a mixture, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to 60% -70%, adding zymophyte to build a pile for fermentation for 30-40 days, and exposing the pile in the sun for 5 days after the fermentation is finished.
2. The fermented mushroom substrate waste according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the mushroom substrate waste to the cow dung and the urea is 100:1: 1.
3. A culture medium based on the fermented mushroom substrate waste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the culture medium consists of fermented mushroom substrate waste, peat and perlite; the mass ratio of the fermented mushroom substrate waste, the peat and the perlite is (5-10) to (7) and (5-8).
4. The culture medium of claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the fermented mushroom substrate waste, peat and perlite is 7:7: 6.
5. A cultivation method of Chinese and western cucurbita pepo in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 cultivation groove construction
The depth of each cultivation groove is 20-30 cm, the width of each cultivation groove is 50-70 cm, the distance between every two cultivation grooves is 50-70 cm, a layer of gardening ground fabric is paved in each cultivation groove and among the cultivation grooves, the cultivation substrate of claim 3 or 4 is filled to the position 4/5 of each cultivation groove, and 1 drip tape is paved in each cultivation groove;
s2 seed treatment and seedling raising
Selecting full and uniform-particle and undamaged summer squash seeds, soaking the seeds in warm water for 30-50 min, soaking the seeds in clear water for 6-8 hours, rubbing and cleaning mucus on the surfaces of the seeds, wrapping the seeds with clean wet gauze, accelerating germination for 30-40 hours at 25-32 ℃, sowing the seeds when the sprouts are 0.3-0.5 cm long, and managing the seedling culture according to conventional management;
s3 permanent planting
Starting field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, field planting one line in each cultivation groove, wherein the planting distance is 45-50 cm, and watering thoroughly;
s4 field management
Controlling the temperature at 25-30 ℃ in daytime and 15-18 ℃ at night during seedling recovery, controlling the water and fertilizer before melon setting, controlling the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in daytime and 13-16 ℃ at night, simultaneously increasing the water and fertilizer amount, watering for 1 time every 5d, topdressing for 1 time along with water after 2 times of watering, fertilizing 20 +/-5 kg of water-soluble fertilizer for each mu of land, hanging vines by a mutual winding method of ropes and stems when the vines grow to 30cm +/-5 cm, timely wiping off lateral buds, removing diseased leaves of old leaves, and dropping the vines when the plants grow to the top of a shed;
and S5 timely harvesting when the melon grows to 350-450 g.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cultivation grooves in S1 have a groove depth of 25cm, a groove width of 60cm and a groove pitch of 60 cm.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the zucchini seeds are soaked in warm water at 50 ℃ for 40min and then soaked in clean water for 6-8 hours in S2.
8. The application of the cultivation method of any one of claims 5 to 7 in improving the transplanting survival rate of the cucurbita pepo.
9. The application of the cultivation method of any one of claims 5 to 7 in improving the growth and development of the summer squash.
10. Use of the cultivation method according to any one of claims 5 to 7 for increasing the yield of zucchini.
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| CN202110710165.8A CN113229101A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910174915.7A CN109892199A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse |
| CN202110710165.8A CN113229101A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate |
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| CN201910174915.7A Pending CN109892199A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse |
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