CN106495904B - Preparation method and application of special all-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87 - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of special all-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
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- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241001446247 uncultured actinomycete Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000187436 Streptomyces globisporus Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 11
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010804 Maranta arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000151018 Maranta arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243786 Meloidogyne incognita Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233647 Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012419 Thalia geniculata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[K] Chemical compound [Cl].[K] NMLQNVRHVSWEGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a preparation method and application of a special complete-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87, which comprises the following specific steps: preparing raw materials, preparing seeds, sterilizing, mixing and culturing, and mixing the tobacco compound fertilizer, the vinasse organic fertilizer and the actinomycete microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 20:50-100:1 to form the complete biological organic fertilizer. In the technical scheme of the invention, the actinomycete strain with multiple beneficial biological functions of disease resistance, growth promotion, high cellulase activity and the like is prepared with the inorganic compound fertilizer and the vinasse organic fertilizer to form the complete bio-organic fertilizer for field application, so that the agricultural property of the flue-cured tobacco can be improved, the chemical quality of the flue-cured tobacco is optimized, the economic benefit of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, and the application prospect is good.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a preparation method and application of a special full-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87.
Background
The full-element biological organic fertilizer belongs to the third generation microbial fertilizer, and is prepared by using a microbial agent and a specific certain fertilizer or a plurality of fertilizers according to a certain proportion. Has three effects of nutrition, conditioning and plant protection, namely a fertilizer and pesticide combined effect type composite microbial fertilizer. The fertilizer is a low-carbon green environment-friendly product, and has unique effects on continuously supplying nutrients, increasing soil organic matters, improving soil structure and improving soil fertility, particularly controlling and overcoming soil continuous cropping obstacles (continuous cropping diseases) caused by long-term excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides and reducing pesticide residues.
The microbial agent is a biological agent or a viable bacteria agent which is prepared by a special process and contains viable bacteria and is used for plants, and has multiple functions of increasing soil fertility, enhancing nutrient absorption of the plants, improving disease resistance of crops and the like. The microbial agent contains beneficial microbial flora, can stimulate and regulate the growth of crops, promote the crops to absorb water, and simultaneously inoculate microorganisms to widely grow at the rhizosphere of the crops to reduce or inhibit the survival and propagation of harmful microorganisms. The microbial agent plays a good role in relieving continuous cropping obstacles of a plurality of crops. Therefore, the application research of the microbial agent related to the tobacco field is developed, and the low-carbon, safe and efficient production of the tobacco leaves is realized. The method provides powerful guarantee for improving the quality of tobacco leaves and realizing the strategic goal of sustainable development of agricultural production of flue-cured tobacco.
Yunyan 87 is obtained by hybridization breeding with Yunyan No. two as female parent and K326 as copy in Yunnan province flue-cured tobacco scientific research institute and China center for flue-cured tobacco breeding research (south). Black shank resistance, southern root knot nematode resistance, common mosaic resistance, leaf spot resistance and bacterial wilt resistance. The tobacco plants grow slowly after being transplanted to the vigorous growth stage, grow rapidly and regularly in the later stage, and the varieties are relatively resistant to fertilizer. In addition, during the cultivation of the flue-cured tobacco, due to large fertilizer requirement, the soil quality is reduced, diseases are frequent, pesticide residues exceed the standard due to long-term planting and fertilization, and the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of providing an application method of a complete-element bio-organic fertilizer on Yunyan 87, which is simple and feasible, can be combined with a fertilizer, reduces plant diseases and insect pests, improves the yield and improves the quality of flue-cured tobacco.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a preparation method of a special complete-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87 comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing raw materials: screening full wheat grains with golden color, removing impurities, and rinsing with clear water for 2-3 times;
(2) seed production: soaking the wheat in lime water with the mass concentration of 1% for 10-20 hours the day before seed production, fishing out the wheat, cleaning the wheat with clear water, putting the wheat into a pot, boiling the wheat for 20-25 minutes, fishing out the wheat, and draining off water;
(3) spreading wheat grains, airing to remove surface moisture, collecting the wheat grains when the wheat grains are not sticky, filling the wheat grains into a 500ml strain bottle, adding a cotton plug between the bottles for sealing, and then performing high-pressure damp-heat steam sterilization treatment to form a sterile culture medium environment;
(4) inoculating the disease-resistant growth-promoting actinomycetes liquid culture into the sterilized wheat grain culture medium in the step (3) according to the proportion of 0.5% for culture;
(5) culturing the strain toLogarithmic phase, then fully mixing with clear water and diluting to make every ml of solution contain viable count greater than or equal to 109A plurality of;
(6) mixing the tobacco compound fertilizer, the vinasse organic fertilizer and the actinomycete microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 20:50-100:1 to form the complete-element biological organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step (4), the actinomycete is streptomyces globisporus, and the preservation number is CCTCC M2016577.
Further, in the step (6), N, P in the tobacco compound fertilizer2O5And K2The percentage content ratio of O is 10:20:20, and the vinasse organic fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The percentage content ratio of O is 2:1: 2.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special all-element bio-organic fertilizer for the Yunyan 87.
The invention also provides application of the special complete-element bio-organic fertilizer for the Yunyan 87.
Furthermore, the full-element bio-organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and the dosage is 50-100 kg/mu.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: in the technical scheme of the invention, the actinomycete strain with multiple beneficial biological functions of disease resistance, growth promotion, high cellulase activity and the like is prepared with the inorganic compound fertilizer and the vinasse organic fertilizer to form the complete bio-organic fertilizer for field application, so that the agricultural property of the flue-cured tobacco can be improved, the chemical quality of the flue-cured tobacco is optimized, the economic benefit of the flue-cured tobacco is improved, and the application prospect is good.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following example sites are located in the arrowroot village in Guhui county, Luzhou, Sichuan province, and the southern part of Sichuan province belongs to the temperate humid monsoon climate, the annual climate is mild, the rainfall is abundant, the illumination is proper, the frostless period is long, the four seasons are clear, the rain and the heat are in the same season, and the flue-cured tobacco development advantage is good.
The test is provided with 8 examples, random block arrangement is adopted in the field, and each example comprises three repeated cells, and the total number of the repeated cells is 24; 40 flue-cured tobaccos are planted in each cell, and 2 rows of tobacco plants applied with conventional base fertilizers are used as isolation zones or protection rows among the cells.
The total nutrient content of the flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 55 percent, wherein N, P percent2O5And K2O composition is 10:0: 44; k in potassium sulfate2O is more than or equal to 50 percent; the organic matter content of the vinasse organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are more than or equal to 5 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. The microbial preparation of wheat grains has viable count not less than 109cfu/g wheat grain base. The PE film with the thickness of 0.014s (mm) is selected as the optimal mulching film.
Meanwhile, directional carriage opening is carried out according to illumination and wind direction, and the carriage opening direction and the width are consistent. The height is uniform along a uniform direction, the row spacing is 1.2 meters, and the ridge height is 0.30 meter. The carriage body is full and is in a trapezoid shape, and meanwhile, drainage ditches are opened to ensure smooth drainage.
Example 1 (C1):
control treatment, no fertilization and no inoculum.
Example 2 (C2):
50 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 5 kg of special fertilizer (potassium nitrate and borax) for seedling lifting is applied and fully stirred with pit soil, and 25 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) is used as additional fertilizer and is applied completely when a film is uncovered and a compartment is covered. Within 20-25 days after transplanting, watering the roots by adding water, and watering the roots by adding 500 kg of water into 25 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35), wherein 8 pots are carried out for each plant.
Example 3 (C5):
50 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer and 50 kg/mu of vinasse organic fertilizer are used as base fertilizer and 5 kg of special fertilizer (potassium nitrate and borax) for seedling lifting are applied and fully stirred with pit soil, and 25 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) is used as additional fertilizer and is applied completely when a film is uncovered. Within 20-25 days after transplanting, watering the roots by adding water, and watering the roots by adding 500 kg of water into 25 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35), wherein 8 pots are carried out for each plant.
Example 4 (C6):
50 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer and 100 kg/mu of vinasse organic fertilizer are used as base fertilizer and 5 kg of special fertilizer (potassium nitrate and borax) for seedling lifting are applied and fully stirred with pit soil, and 25 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) is used as additional fertilizer and is applied completely when a film is uncovered. Within 20-25 days after transplanting, watering the roots by adding water, and watering the roots by adding 500 kg of water into 25 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35), wherein 8 pots are carried out for each plant.
Example 5 (C7):
50 kg/mu of full-element bio-organic fertilizer (50PRA) and 5 kg/mu of special fertilizer (potassium nitrate and borax) for seedling extraction are applied to the flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu and are fully and uniformly stirred with the pit soil, and then 25 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) is applied to the upper compartment of the uncovered film as additional fertilizer. Within 20-25 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, watering and irrigating roots, and watering and irrigating 25 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) with 500 kg of water, wherein 8 pots are irrigated per plant.
Example 6 (C8):
50 kg/mu of full-element bio-organic fertilizer (100PRA) and 5 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer and 5 kg of special fertilizer (potassium nitrate and borax) for seedling extraction according to the dosage of 50 kg/mu and are fully and uniformly stirred with pit soil, and 25 kg/mu of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) is applied as additional fertilizer on a film uncovering compartment. Within 20-25 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, watering and irrigating roots, and watering and irrigating 25 kg of flue-cured tobacco compound fertilizer (5:10:35) with 500 kg of water, wherein 8 pots are irrigated per plant.
TABLE 1 comparison of the maturity agronomic traits of the present invention in Luzhou flue-cured tobacco field trials with other fertilization treatments
TABLE 2 comparison of economic traits of the present invention in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trials with other fertilization treatments
TABLE 3 comparison of the chemical quality inherent in the invention and other fertilization treatments in Panzhihua flue-cured tobacco field trials
In the mature period (table 1), applying a complete biological organic fertilizer and a multifunctional microbial inoculum shows that the fertilizer has obvious promotion effect on the agronomic characters of the flue-cured tobacco plant height, the leaf number, the stem circumference and the like. Wherein the multifunctional microbial inoculum treatment example 8 has the best effect on improving the agronomic characters such as the number of flue-cured tobacco leaves, stem circumference, leaf surface coefficient and the like.
From the yield point of view (table 2), examples 2,3,4,5 and 6 are all higher than the control example 1, and the yield increase compared with the control is 16.13% -22.4%, and from the yield point of view, except the control example 1, example 6 is the highest, and examples 2,3,4 and 5 are the next. From the tests on the proportions of different grades of tobacco leaves, except for the non-fertilizer treatment example 1, the equal-smoke proportions of the microbial agent and the full-element bio-organic fertilizer in the treatment are higher than those in the conventional fertilizer application example 3, the equal-smoke proportion of the microbial agent in the treatment example 6 is the highest, and the equal-smoke proportion in the treatment example 5 is the highest.
From the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco (table 3), the potassium content of tobacco leaves treated by the method is not greatly different, and the larger the potassium-chlorine ratio is, the better the combustibility is, so that the potassium content is improved on the basis of controlling the chlorine content, and the potassium content is improved most effectively in all-element bio-organic fertilizer treatment examples 5 and 6. The total nitrogen content of the tobacco leaves ranges from 1.61% to 2.85%, and the optimal content is 2.5%; the other examples showed little difference in content except for the fertilizer-free treatment example 1. The nicotine content of all the treated tobacco leaves is between 1.53 and 3.59 percent, and the nicotine content of the whole-element biological organic fertilizer treatment example 5 is 2.93 percent and is improved by 11.5 percent compared with the conventional fertilization example 3. The content of sugar is a main factor influencing the mellowness and the taste of the smoke, the content of reducing sugar of the high-quality tobacco leaves is 16-20%, and the content of the full-element microbial fertilizer treatment example 5 is most suitable except that the content of the non-fertilization treatment example 1 is more than 20%. The ratio of the total sugar to the total nitrogen compounds can influence the taste of the tobacco leaves, and in order to achieve the acid-base balance of the smoke, the ratio of the total sugar to the alkali nitrogen of the high-quality flue-cured tobacco is 8-12; in the experiment, the alkali ratio of the flue-cured tobacco is basically 8-9, and only the treatment example 1 without fertilization is more than 10.
In conclusion, the cloud tobacco 87 applied with the all-element bio-organic fertilizer developed in this project can improve the agronomic traits of the flue-cured tobacco and the chemical quality of the tobacco leaves to different degrees, enhance the disease resistance of tobacco plants, and increase the yield and output value of the flue-cured tobacco, wherein the best effect is obtained by applying the all-element bio-organic fertilizer in example 6.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended to cover in the claims the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a special complete-element bio-organic fertilizer for Yunyan 87 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) screening full wheat grains with golden color, removing impurities, and rinsing with clear water for 2-3 times;
(2) soaking the wheat in lime water with the mass concentration of 1% for 10-20 hours the day before seed production, fishing out the wheat, cleaning the wheat with clear water, putting the wheat into a pot, boiling the wheat for 20-25 minutes, fishing out the wheat, and draining off water;
(3) spreading wheat grains, airing to remove surface moisture, collecting the wheat grains when the wheat grains are not sticky, filling the wheat grains into a 500ml strain bottle, adding a cotton plug between the bottles for sealing, and then performing high-pressure damp-heat steam sterilization treatment to form a sterile culture medium environment;
(4) inoculating the disease-resistant growth-promoting actinomycetes liquid culture into the sterilized wheat grain culture medium in the step (3) according to the proportion of 0.5% for culture;
(5) culturing the strain to logarithmic phase, and then fully mixing and diluting with clear water to ensure that the viable count of each milliliter of solution is more than or equal to 109A plurality of;
(6) mixing the tobacco compound fertilizer, the vinasse organic fertilizer and the actinomycete microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 20:50-100:1 to form a complete-element biological organic fertilizer;
the actinomycete is Streptomyces globisporus (Streptomyces globisporus) SCAU-1 with the preservation number of CCTCC M2016577.
2. The preparation method of the special complete bio-organic fertilizer for the Yunyan 87 according to the claim 1, wherein in the step (6), N, P in the tobacco compound fertilizer2O5And K2The percentage content ratio of O is 10:20:20, and the vinasse organic fertilizer N, P2O5And K2The percentage content ratio of O is 2:1: 2.
3. The preparation method of the special full-element bio-organic fertilizer for the Yunyan 87 in claim 1 is used for preparing the full-element bio-organic fertilizer.
4. The application of the special complete bio-organic fertilizer for the cloud 87 of claim 3 in flue-cured tobacco planting.
5. The application of claim 4, wherein the full-element bio-organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and the dosage of the full-element bio-organic fertilizer is 50-100 kg/mu.
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| CN112794764A (en) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-05-14 | 四川农业大学 | Complete-element biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105001021A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-10-28 | 沈阳鑫嘉捷生物制剂有限公司 | Total-element compound microorganism organic fertilizer and preparing technology thereof |
| CN105085090A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Fertilizer suitable for tobacco fields in karst regions and application |
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| CN105001021A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-10-28 | 沈阳鑫嘉捷生物制剂有限公司 | Total-element compound microorganism organic fertilizer and preparing technology thereof |
| CN105085090A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司 | Fertilizer suitable for tobacco fields in karst regions and application |
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