CN102771350B - Method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102771350B CN102771350B CN201210251884.9A CN201210251884A CN102771350B CN 102771350 B CN102771350 B CN 102771350B CN 201210251884 A CN201210251884 A CN 201210251884A CN 102771350 B CN102771350 B CN 102771350B
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings. The method includes the steps of a, in spring, covering the base of each shoot of a rootstock with substrate in which efficient AMF (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) is mixed; b, sowing seeds of Trifoilium on the substrate used in the step a; c, dividing and storing rootstock seedlings in autumn; and d, raising the seedling in next spring. By laying propagation of clonal rootstocks of the seedlings, the shoots are covered with clean sawdust substrate, water can be maintained, breathability is high, sundry fungi is not included basically, sterilization is not needed, and the substrate can be used immediately after being decomposed. Various efficient AMF are inoculated efficiently and specifically at the beginning of seedling raising according to the types of the seedlings, and accordingly post-planting survival rate can be increased, high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings can be produced in batch, the seedlings benefit throughout the lifetime, and the method is simple to operate and widely applicable. In addition, the sawdust substrate is reusable for many years, and is economical.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to nursery stock breeding technical field, specifically, is a kind of by breeding the method for the high quality seedling of height Mycorrhizal.
[background technology]
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorhiza fungi, is called for short AMF, is a kind of and the closely-related useful symbiosis fungi of fruit tree growth.Natural world and orchard, a large amount of AMF are all distributing in the soil of every fruit tree energy healthy growth.Numerous research shows, AMF has multiple effect to growing of fruit tree, comprises absorbing, improve plant percent, promote growth, increase output, improve quality, strengthening the drought resisting of tree body, the various anti-adversity abilities such as disease-resistant of various mineral elements such as promoting phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, copper.Yet, different AMF bacterial classification effects are different, AMF is difficult to a large amount of cultured in vitro simultaneously, the pure culture technigne of AMF microbial inoculum is not yet ripe at present, " potted plant cultivation " taked in the production of this microbial inoculum more, this method management is wasted time and energy, and inefficiency, only be applicable to a small amount of use in scientific research, other method of producing AMF microbial inoculum comprises static liquid training method, flow fluid training method, spray liquid training method etc., in not yet industrialization of China, in addition owing to there being a large amount of various microorganisms in soil, can compete with AMF microbial inoculum, also can reduce AMF infecting root system, these all hinder the application of AMF on producing.
At present, the deciduous fruit tree rootstock seedling such as most of apples, pears is by seed growing.Breeding conventionally of this rootstock seedling and fruit-tree grafting seedling all carried out in natural soils, if to its inoculation, and because carrying out soil disinfection, thereby very difficult.So, current common fruit nursery stock may be only with natural mycorhiza more or less, but do not reach the efficient AMF of artificial infection far away to fruit tree nutrition, efficiency of water application and the facilitation effect of growing, do not given play to efficient mycorhiza to fruit tree nutrition, efficiency of water application and the facilitation effect of growing.But as mentioned above,, because of the interference of AMF microbial inoculum preparation difficulty and soil miscellaneous bacteria, AMF bacterial manure is used in orchard and remain an ideal.
Chinese patent literature CN 200910218716.8, October 30 2009 day applying date, a kind of method of cultivating seedlings of Chinese chestnut with the bud stock grafting of root fungus symbiosis is disclosed, the method is that employing sprout stock is transferred and the method for the inoculation root fungus of being completely cured is bred the Chinese chestnut container seedling of root system and root fungus symbiosis, adopt existing Chinese chestnut mycorhiza liquid or the agent of Chinese chestnut mycorhiza through dilution, after inoculating after being completely cured, make on the one hand lateral root growth flourishing, making on the other hand root system and root fungus symbiosis then container seedling be moved in warm canopy cultivates on a large scale, nursery stock after growing seedlings is successfully grafted directly to land for growing field crops.But the method complex operation, and be not suitable for the generally popularization of breeding mycorrhizal seedlings, and nursery stock Mycorrhizal efficiency is low, therefore need badly a kind of efficient, reliable, simple to operate, be convenient to the method for breeding mycorrhizal seedlings promoted.The present invention is to be stock press strip mating system by fruit tree nutrition, by wood chip matrix, effectively inoculates AMF, thereby breeds the mycorrhizal seedlings that obtains height Mycorrhizal.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of efficient, reliable, simple to operate, be convenient to the method for breeding mycorrhizal seedlings promoted.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
Breed a method for mycorrhizal seedlings, described method comprises the following steps:
A) by the matrix that is mixed with efficient AMF, cover stock young sprout base portion spring;
B) in step, a) in described matrix, broadcast sowing clover (Trifolium) seed;
C) by rootstock seedling plant division, preserve autumn;
D) next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings.
Described matrix is the wood chip through becoming thoroughly decomposed.
Described wood chip becomes thoroughly decomposed by following method: clean wood chip, the urea water that adds mass fraction 2% to hold agglomerating do not drip, touch loose; Spontaneous fermentation treats about 1 month that temperature rises to more than 50 ℃; Treat again that temperature falls after rise and can use lower than 30 ℃.
Be that young sprout is while growing to 20-30cm the opportunity that the matrix that described use is mixed with efficient AMF covers young sprout base portion.
The thickness that described use is mixed with the matrix covering young sprout base portion of efficient AMF is 25-30cm.
Described matrix is that the growth along with young sprout divides and covers young sprout base portion for 2-3 time to thickness 25-30cm.
The time interval between described minute 2-3 covering is according to young sprout growth rate, about 1 week, interval.
The ratio of described matrix and efficient AMF is that every cubic metre of matrix adds efficient AMF 80-120 ten thousand inoculation geopotential units.
Described nursery stock is M9T337 high quality apple nursery stock.
Described efficient AMF is Glomus mosseae Glomus mosseae.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, by seedling-nourishing, be stock press strip mating system, on young sprout, cover clean wood chip matrix, can keep moisture, and good permeability, substantially not containing soil miscellaneous bacteria, need not sterilize, after becoming thoroughly decomposed, can use, according to concrete nursery stock kind, inoculate targetedly various efficient AMF, in the beginning of growing seedlings, just seedling root is inoculated AMF efficiently, not only can improve the survival rate after seedling planting, mass production high-quality fruit tree mycorrhizal seedlings, and can make fruit tree lifelong benefit, and easy and simple to handle, be suitable for generally promoting.
2, wood chip matrix used can be reused for many years, prolongation along with service life, the quantity of its AMF is also more and more, just more to infecting of newborn root system, mycorhiza just reaches all the more, the one, overcome the difficulty of producing AMF microbial inoculum, the 2nd, overcome in the natural soils of orchard various miscellaneous bacterias to using the interference of efficient AMF, economy.
[embodiment]
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
One, material
M9T337 high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal; Clean wood chip, adds the urea water of mass fraction 2% to holding agglomerating i.e. loose being advisable of not dripping, touch, to adjust C/N ratio, spontaneous fermentation about 1 month after, temperature rises to more than 50 ℃, along with the prolongation temperature of time falls after rise gradually, after temperature is lower than 30 ℃, can use; Glomus mosseae (Glomus mossea) bacterial classification, is purchased from rich many (sub-Pingning) the biotechnology Development Co., Ltds in Shanghai; Clover seed.
Two, method and result
1, M9T337 high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal, when spring, young sprout grew to 20 centimetres, according to every cubic metre of wood chip, add the ratio of AMF 1,200,000 inoculation geopotential units mixed with efficient AMF Glomus mosseae with the wood chip having become thoroughly decomposed, cover young sprout base portion, at wood chip upper seeding wheel clover (Trifolium) seed, with promotion AMF, breed simultaneously;
2, along with young sprout growth, according to young sprout growth rate, minute cover wood chip to 25 cm thicks 2 times, each between interval about 1 week;
3, from covering matrix, start 3 months, detect the AMF spore density in wood chip, testing result is 482/20mL matrix, and new root occurs young sprout base portion simultaneously, and detects Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, average out to 30.7%;
4, autumn, storage, treated that next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings by the rootstock seedling plant division with mycorhiza; The wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF is collected to storage simultaneously, treat to use again next year;
5, indoor scion grafting kind field planting in spring in next year, or field planting rootstock seedling, growth season bud grafting kind, obtains Mycorrhizal high quality seedling; And the wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF of collecting storage is bred the rootstock seedling of Mycorrhizal for press strip again.
Embodiment 2
M26 high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal; Clean wood chip, adds the urea water of mass fraction 2% to holding agglomerating i.e. loose being advisable of not dripping, touch, to adjust C/N ratio, spontaneous fermentation about 1 month after, temperature rises to more than 50 ℃, along with the prolongation temperature of time falls after rise gradually, after temperature is lower than 30 ℃, can use; Glomus mosseae (Glomus mossea) bacterial classification, is purchased from rich many (sub-Pingning) the biotechnology Development Co., Ltds in Shanghai; Clover seed.
Two, method and result
1, M26 high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal, when spring, young sprout grew to 25 centimetres, according to every cubic metre of wood chip, add the ratio of AMF 800,000 inoculation geopotential units mixed with efficient AMF Glomus mosseae with the wood chip having become thoroughly decomposed, cover young sprout base portion, at wood chip upper seeding wheel clover (Trifolium) seed, with promotion AMF, breed simultaneously;
2, along with young sprout growth, according to young sprout growth rate, minute cover wood chip to 28 cm thicks 3 times, each between interval about 1 week;
3, from covering matrix, start 4 months, detect the AMF spore density in wood chip, testing result is 513/20mL matrix, and new root occurs young sprout base portion simultaneously, and detects Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, average out to 35.5%;
4, autumn, storage, treated that next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings by the rootstock seedling plant division with mycorhiza; The wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF is collected to storage simultaneously, treat to use again next year;
5, indoor scion grafting kind field planting in spring in next year, or field planting rootstock seedling, growth season bud grafting kind, obtains Mycorrhizal high quality seedling; And the wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF of collecting storage is bred the rootstock seedling of Mycorrhizal for press strip again.
Embodiment 3
" B9 " high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal; Clean wood chip, adds the urea water of mass fraction 2% to holding agglomerating i.e. loose being advisable of not dripping, touch, to adjust C/N ratio, spontaneous fermentation about 1 month after, temperature rises to more than 50 ℃, along with the prolongation temperature of time falls after rise gradually, after temperature is lower than 30 ℃, can use; Glomus mosseae (Glomus mossea) bacterial classification, is purchased from rich many (sub-Pingning) the biotechnology Development Co., Ltds in Shanghai; Clover seed.
Two, method and result
1, " B9 " high quality apple dwarfing rootstock is maternal, when spring, young sprout grew to 30 centimetres, according to every cubic metre of wood chip, add the ratio of AMF 1,000,000 inoculation geopotential units mixed with efficient AMF Glomus mosseae with the wood chip having become thoroughly decomposed, cover young sprout base portion, at wood chip upper seeding wheel clover (Trifolium) seed, with promotion AMF, breed simultaneously;
2, along with young sprout growth, according to young sprout growth rate, minute cover wood chip to 30 cm thicks 3 times, each between interval about 1 week;
3, from covering matrix, start 3.5 months, detect the AMF spore density in wood chip, testing result is 496/20mL matrix, and new root occurs young sprout base portion simultaneously, and detects Mycorrhizal Infection Incidence, average out to 36.4%;
4, autumn, storage, treated that next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings by the rootstock seedling plant division with mycorhiza; The wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF is collected to storage simultaneously, treat to use again next year;
5, indoor scion grafting kind field planting in spring in next year, or field planting rootstock seedling, growth season bud grafting kind, obtains Mycorrhizal high quality seedling; And the wood chip that contains a large amount of AMF of collecting storage is bred the rootstock seedling of Mycorrhizal for press strip again.
It should be noted that, rootstock seedling plant division described in embodiment 1-3, storage, the field planting of indoor scion grafting kind, field planting rootstock seedling, bud grafting kind are the routine operation method of this area fruit tree press strip breeding nursery stock, specifically with reference to < < pomology > > (Zhang Yuxing, Scientia Agricultura Sinica technology publishing house); By clean wood chip matrix, cover young sprout base portion, can promote young sprout base portion to send root system; On wood chip, broadcast sowing clover seed, promote AMF amount reproduction; Treat that press strip base portion bears new root, in wood chip, a large amount of AMF will infect new root formation mycorhiza, thereby has just formed the rootstock seedling with efficient AMF.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvement and supplement, these improvement and supplement and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a method of breeding mycorrhizal seedlings, is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps:
A) by the matrix that is mixed with efficient AMF, cover stock young sprout base portion spring;
B) in step, a) in described matrix, broadcast sowing clover (Trifolium) seed;
C) by rootstock seedling plant division, preserve autumn;
D) next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings,
Be young sprout while growing to 20-30cm the opportunity that the matrix that described use is mixed with efficient AMF covers young sprout base portion, and described matrix is that growth along with young sprout divides 2-3 covering young sprout base portion to thickness 25-30cm; The ratio of described matrix and efficient AMF is that every cubic metre of matrix adds efficient AMF80-120 ten thousand inoculation geopotential units.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described matrix is the wood chip through becoming thoroughly decomposed.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described wood chip becomes thoroughly decomposed by following method: clean wood chip, the urea water that adds mass fraction 2% to hold agglomerating do not drip, touch loose; Spontaneous fermentation treats about 1 month that temperature rises to more than 50 ℃; Treat again that temperature falls after rise and can use lower than 30 ℃.
4. according to claim, require the method described in 6, it is characterized in that, the time interval between described minute 2-3 covering is according to young sprout growth rate, about 1 week, interval.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nursery stock is M9T337 high quality apple nursery stock.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described efficient AMF is Glomus mosseae Glomus mosseae.
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| CN103385149A (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2013-11-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | High-quality and high-efficiency apple rootstock layering breeding method |
| CN110150013A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-23 | 中南林业科技大学 | A kind of method of chinquapin mycorrhizal seedling raising |
| CN114131724A (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-04 | 吉林省林业科学研究院 | Application of waste artificial board in covering wood, method for preparing covering wood from waste urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive artificial board and covering wood |
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