CN102771350B - Method for cultivating mycorrhizal seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for breeding mycorrhizal seedlings, said method comprising the following steps: a) covering the rootstock new shoot base with a substrate mixed with high-efficiency AMF in spring; b) sowing clover on the substrate described in step a) (Trifolium) seeds; c) ramet the rootstock seedlings in autumn and store them; d) graft seedlings in the next spring. The method of the present invention relies on the rootstock layering breeding method of the seedling nutrient system, and covers the clean sawdust matrix on the new shoots, which can maintain moisture, and has good air permeability, basically does not contain soil bacteria, does not need to be sterilized, and can be used after decomposing. Specific seedling species are inoculated with various high-efficiency AMF at the beginning of seedling cultivation, which can not only improve the survival rate of seedlings after planting, produce high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings in batches, but also benefit the seedlings for life. It is easy to operate and suitable for general promotion. , At the same time, the sawdust matrix used can be reused for many years, which is economical and economical.

Description

A kind of method of breeding mycorrhized seedlings

【Technical field】

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling breeding, in particular to a method for breeding high-quality seedlings with high mycorrhizalization.

【Background technique】

Vesicle-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, or AMF for short, is a beneficial symbiotic fungus closely related to the growth of fruit trees. In nature and orchards, there are a lot of AMF in the soil where fruit trees can grow healthily. Numerous studies have shown that AMF has multiple effects on the growth and development of fruit trees, including promoting the absorption and utilization of various mineral elements such as phosphorus, nitrogen, calcium, zinc, and copper, improving the survival rate of seedlings, promoting growth, increasing yield, improving quality, enhancing The tree's drought resistance, disease resistance and other stress resistance capabilities. However, different AMF strains have different effects. At the same time, it is difficult to cultivate AMF in large quantities in vitro. At present, the pure culture technology of AMF bacterial agents is not yet mature. The production of this bacterial agent mostly adopts the "pot culture method". , is only suitable for a small amount of scientific research. Other methods of producing AMF bacteria include static liquid culture, flowing liquid culture, spray liquid culture, etc., which have not yet been industrialized in my country. In addition, due to the presence of a large number of various microorganisms in the soil, It will compete with AMF inoculum and reduce the root infection of AMF, which hinders the application of AMF in production.

At present, the rootstock seedlings of deciduous fruit trees such as most apples and pears are propagated by seeds. The breeding of this rootstock seedling and fruit tree grafting seedling all is carried out in natural soil usually, if it is inoculated, because will carry out soil disinfection, thereby very difficult. Therefore, the usual fruit tree seedlings may only have more or less natural mycorrhizae at present, but it is far from the promotion effect of artificial inoculation of high-efficiency AMF on fruit tree nutrition, water use efficiency and growth and development, and has not exerted high-efficiency fungi. Effects of roots on nutrition, water use efficiency and growth and development of fruit trees. However, as mentioned above, due to the difficulty in the preparation of AMF bacteria and the interference of soil bacteria, it is still an ideal to apply AMF bacteria fertilizer to orchards.

Chinese patent document CN 200910218716.8, date of application: October 30th, 2009, discloses a method for cultivating chestnut seedlings by bud-anvil grafting and root fungus symbiosis. Chestnut container seedlings symbiotic with rhizomes, using the existing diluted chestnut mycorrhizal liquid or chestnut mycorrhizal agent, after inoculation after root removal, on the one hand, the lateral roots can grow well, and on the other hand, the roots and root fungi can be symbiotic, and then the The container seedlings are moved into the greenhouse for large-scale cultivation, and the seedlings after successful seedlings are directly transplanted to the field. However, this method is cumbersome to operate, and is not suitable for the general promotion of breeding mycorrhizal seedlings, and the mycorrhizalization efficiency of seedlings is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for breeding mycorrhizal seedlings that is efficient, reliable, simple to operate, and easy to promote. The invention utilizes the rootstock layering breeding method of the fruit tree vegetative system to effectively inoculate AMF through the sawdust substrate, thereby breeding and obtaining highly mycorrhized seedlings.

【Content of invention】

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for breeding mycorrhized seedlings which is efficient, reliable, simple in operation and easy to popularize.

To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A method for breeding mycorrhized seedlings, said method comprising the following steps:

A) cover rootstock shoot base with the substrate mixed with high-efficiency AMF in spring;

B) sowing clover (Trifolium) seeds on the substrate described in step a);

C) stock seedlings are divided into autumn and stored;

d) Graft seedlings in the spring of the following year.

The substrate is decomposed wood chips.

The sawdust is decomposed by the following method: clean the sawdust, add urea water with a mass fraction of 2% until it forms a ball in the hand without dripping, and disperses when lightly touched; naturally ferment for about 1 month until the temperature rises to above 50°C; It can be used after the temperature drops below 30°C.

The timing of covering the shoot base with the substrate mixed with high-efficiency AMF is when the shoot grows to 20-30cm.

The thickness of covering the shoot base with the substrate mixed with high-efficiency AMF is 25-30cm.

The substrate covers the base of the new shoot 2-3 times along with the growth of the new shoot to a thickness of 25-30cm.

The time interval between the 2-3 times of covering is based on the growth rate of new shoots, and the interval is about 1 week.

The ratio of the substrate and high-efficiency AMF is to add 800,000-1,200,000 inoculation potential units of high-efficiency AMF per cubic meter of substrate.

The seedlings are M9T337 high-quality apple seedlings.

The high-efficiency AMF is Glomus mosseae.

The present invention has the advantage that:

1. With the help of the rootstock layering method of the seedling nutrition system, the new shoots are covered with a clean sawdust substrate, which can maintain moisture and have good air permeability. It basically does not contain soil bacteria and does not need to be disinfected. It can be used after decomposing. According to the specific seedlings Targeted inoculation of various types of high-efficiency AMF, and inoculation of high-efficiency AMF on the roots of seedlings at the beginning of seedling cultivation can not only improve the survival rate of seedlings after planting, mass-produce high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings of fruit trees, but also benefit fruit trees for life , easy to operate and suitable for general promotion.

2. The sawdust matrix used can be reused for many years. With the extension of the service life, the number of AMF is also increasing, the more the infection of the new root system, the more developed the mycorrhiza, the first is to overcome the production of AMF bacteria The second is to overcome the interference of various bacteria in the natural soil of the orchard on the application of high-efficiency AMF, which is economical.

【Detailed ways】

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

Example 1

1. Materials

M9T337 high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent; clean sawdust, add urea water with a mass fraction of 2% until it forms a ball in the hand without dripping, and it is advisable to disperse when lightly touched, so as to adjust the C/N ratio. After natural fermentation for about 1 month, The temperature rises above 50°C, and gradually falls back as time goes by, and it can be used when the temperature is lower than 30°C; Glomus mossea (Glomus mossea) strains were purchased from Shanghai Fuzhong (Apennines) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. Company; Clover Seeds.

2. Methods and results

1. M9T337 high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent, when the new shoots grow to 20 cm in spring, add AMF 1.2 million inoculation potential units per cubic meter of wood chips, mix well-rotted wood chips with high-efficiency AMF Glomus moses, and cover the new shoots. At the base of the tip, sow clover (Trifolium) seeds on the sawdust to promote AMF propagation;

2. With the growth of new shoots, according to the growth rate of new shoots, cover wood chips twice to a thickness of 25 cm, with an interval of about 1 week between each time;

3. After 3 months from the covering of the substrate, the AMF spore density in the sawdust was detected, and the detection result was 482 per 20mL substrate. At the same time, new roots occurred at the base of the new shoots, and the mycorrhizal infection rate was detected, with an average of 30.7%;

4. Branch the rootstock seedlings with mycorrhizae in autumn, store them, and wait for the next spring to graft and grow seedlings; at the same time, collect and store the sawdust containing a large amount of AMF, and use them again in the next year;

5. In the spring of the following year, indoor branch grafting varieties or rootstock seedlings are planted, and budding varieties are obtained during the growing season to obtain high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings; and the wood chips containing a large amount of AMF are collected and stored for re-layering and breeding mycorrhizal rootstock seedlings.

Example 2

M26 high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent; clean sawdust, add urea water with a mass fraction of 2% until it forms a ball in the hand without dripping, and it is advisable to disperse when lightly touched, so as to adjust the C/N ratio. After natural fermentation for about 1 month, The temperature rises above 50°C, and gradually falls back as time goes by, and it can be used when the temperature is lower than 30°C; Glomus mossea (Glomus mossea) strains were purchased from Shanghai Fuzhong (Apennines) Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd. Company; Clover Seeds.

2. Methods and Results

1. M26 high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent, when the new shoots grow to 25 cm in spring, add AMF 800,000 inoculation potential units per cubic meter of wood chips, mix well-decomposed wood chips with high-efficiency AMF Glomus moses, and cover the new shoots. At the base of the tip, sow clover (Trifolium) seeds on the sawdust to promote AMF propagation;

2. With the growth of new shoots, according to the growth rate of new shoots, cover wood chips to a thickness of 28 cm in 3 times, with an interval of about 1 week between each time;

3. After 4 months from covering the substrate, the AMF spore density in the sawdust was detected, and the detection result was 513/20mL substrate. At the same time, new roots occurred at the base of new shoots, and the mycorrhizal infection rate was detected, which was 35.5% on average;

4. Branch the rootstock seedlings with mycorrhizae in autumn, store them, and wait for the next spring to graft and grow seedlings; at the same time, collect and store the sawdust containing a large amount of AMF, and use them again in the next year;

5. In the spring of the following year, indoor branch grafting varieties or rootstock seedlings are planted, and budding varieties are obtained during the growing season to obtain high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings; and the wood chips containing a large amount of AMF are collected and stored for re-layering and breeding mycorrhizal rootstock seedlings.

Example 3

"B9" high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent; clean sawdust, add urea water with a mass fraction of 2% until it forms a ball in the hand without dripping, and it is advisable to disperse when lightly touched, so as to adjust the C/N ratio and ferment naturally for about 1 month Afterwards, the temperature rises above 50°C, and gradually falls back as time goes on, and it can be used when the temperature is lower than 30°C; Glomus mossea (Glomus mossea) strains were purchased from Shanghai Fuzhong (Apennines) Biotechnology Development Ltd; Clover Seeds.

2. Methods and Results

1. "B9" high-quality apple dwarf rootstock female parent, when the new shoots grow to 30 cm in spring, add AMF 1 million inoculation potential units per cubic meter of wood chips, mix well-decomposed wood chips with high-efficiency AMF Glomus moses, Mulch the base of new shoots while sowing clover (Trifolium) seeds on wood chips to promote AMF propagation;

2. With the growth of new shoots, according to the growth rate of new shoots, cover wood chips to a thickness of 30 cm in 3 times, with an interval of about 1 week between each time;

3. After 3.5 months from the covering of the substrate, the AMF spore density in the sawdust was detected, and the detection result was 496 per 20mL substrate. At the same time, new roots occurred at the base of the new shoots, and the mycorrhizal infection rate was detected, with an average of 36.4%;

4. Branch the rootstock seedlings with mycorrhizae in autumn, store them, and wait for the next spring to graft and grow seedlings; at the same time, collect and store the sawdust containing a large amount of AMF, and use them again in the next year;

5. In the spring of the following year, indoor branch grafting varieties or rootstock seedlings are planted, and budding varieties are obtained during the growing season to obtain high-quality mycorrhizal seedlings; and the wood chips containing a large amount of AMF are collected and stored for re-layering and breeding mycorrhizal rootstock seedlings.

It should be noted that the branching of rootstock seedlings described in Examples 1-3, storage, planting of indoor grafted varieties, planting of rootstock seedlings, and budding varieties are all conventional operating methods for fruit tree layering and breeding seedlings in this field. For details, refer to "Fruit Tree Cultivation Science" (Zhang Yuxing, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press); cover the base of new shoots with clean wood chips, which can promote the root system of shoot bases; spread clover seeds on wood chips to promote AMF to multiply; treat the base of layering to give birth to new roots, A large amount of AMF in wood chips will infect new roots to form mycorrhizae, thus forming rootstock seedlings with high-efficiency AMF.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and supplements can also be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be considered Be the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. a method of breeding mycorrhizal seedlings, is characterized in that, described method comprises the following steps:

A) by the matrix that is mixed with efficient AMF, cover stock young sprout base portion spring;

B) in step, a) in described matrix, broadcast sowing clover (Trifolium) seed;

C) by rootstock seedling plant division, preserve autumn;

D) next year, spring grafting was grown seedlings,

Be young sprout while growing to 20-30cm the opportunity that the matrix that described use is mixed with efficient AMF covers young sprout base portion, and described matrix is that growth along with young sprout divides 2-3 covering young sprout base portion to thickness 25-30cm; The ratio of described matrix and efficient AMF is that every cubic metre of matrix adds efficient AMF80-120 ten thousand inoculation geopotential units.

2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described matrix is the wood chip through becoming thoroughly decomposed.

3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described wood chip becomes thoroughly decomposed by following method: clean wood chip, the urea water that adds mass fraction 2% to hold agglomerating do not drip, touch loose; Spontaneous fermentation treats about 1 month that temperature rises to more than 50 ℃; Treat again that temperature falls after rise and can use lower than 30 ℃.

4. according to claim, require the method described in 6, it is characterized in that, the time interval between described minute 2-3 covering is according to young sprout growth rate, about 1 week, interval.

5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nursery stock is M9T337 high quality apple nursery stock.

6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described efficient AMF is Glomus mosseae Glomus mosseae.