CN112868498A - Light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya - Google Patents
Light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya Download PDFInfo
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- CN112868498A CN112868498A CN202011618966.3A CN202011618966A CN112868498A CN 112868498 A CN112868498 A CN 112868498A CN 202011618966 A CN202011618966 A CN 202011618966A CN 112868498 A CN112868498 A CN 112868498A
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- container seedling
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000009025 Carya illinoensis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 244000068645 Carya illinoensis Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241001453450 Carya illinoinensis Species 0.000 abstract description 42
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 240000004875 Carya cathayensis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000005663 Carya cathayensis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 101150107869 Sarg gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001076416 Dendrobium tosaense Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000147058 Derris elliptica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000899834 Obovaria olivaria Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003450 growing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021048 nutrient requirements Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010496 root system development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/50—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor contained within a flexible envelope
Abstract
The invention discloses a light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of at least how to utilize the pecan hulls as wastes, provides a light substrate for container seedling of the carya illinoensis, and can change the pecan hulls into valuables. The light matrix of the invention is composed of the following raw materials by volume: 22-67% of pecan shell, 0-67% of rice hull and 11-35% of wormcast. The invention can solve the problem of pecan peel pollution, and the matrix can be naturally degraded after entering the soil along with the transplanting of the seedlings, thereby realizing the sustainable utilization of the soil and achieving the effects of activating the soil and protecting the ecological environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of apocarya planting, in particular to a container seedling raising light matrix for apocarya.
Background
Carya illinoensis (Wangenh) k.koch) is also called as american hickory, belongs to deciduous trees of hickory of juglandaceae, is a famous dry fruit tree species, has high economic value, is also an important material tree species and woody oil tree species, and has good development prospect. In recent years, the planting area of the carya illinoensis is continuously enlarged, the period supply of high-quality seedlings is more important, and the screening of the seedling light matrix is an important link for establishing a perfect seedling system.
At present, the seedling raising method of the carya illinoensis has cultivation modes of bare-rooted seedlings, container seedling raising and the like, container seedling raising of the carya illinoensis is late, and related technologies of light matrix container seedling raising are relatively deficient. The traditional seedling raising substrate mainly adopts yellow core soil, and has poor air permeability and water permeability and insufficient root system development. The peat substrate has good seedling raising effect, but the peat exploitation in China is strictly limited, the imported peat is expensive, and the peat is not sustainable as the substrate raw material. China has a great deal of agricultural and forestry products such as pecan hulls and rice chaffs which need to be reasonably utilized. According to the calculation, about 7 ten thousand of pecan hulls are generated in the Linan city of Zhejiang province on average each year. The pecan hulls contain alkaloid components, which leak corrosive black juice after long-term accumulation, which can cause water source and soil pollution and threaten crop growth. The pecan peel contains rich nutrient elements necessary for the growth of crops such as K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Mg, Zn, Cu and the like, is formed by a network structure formed by vascular bundles, has good water retention and fertilizer storage functions, and has basic conditions for being used as a culture medium. The pecan peel is convenient to obtain, and can be used as a seedling raising matrix to reduce the seedling raising cost and protect the environment.
At present, some research institutions and planting bases use the pecan hulls as a cultivation medium, but most of the pecan hulls are concentrated in the field of planting of vegetables, dendrobium officinale, fungi and the like, and due to the strong basicity of the pecan hulls, the pecan hulls are generally regarded as being not large in use and only used as auxiliary substrates in a forest container seedling culture medium, and the volume ratio of the pecan hulls is not more than 10%.
However, the invention provides a light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya, the proportion of the apocarya to the culture substrate is 22-33% of the apocarya to grow optimally, and the normal growth of the apocarya is still not influenced when the proportion is up to 67%. The matrix prepared by blending the hickory shells, the rice chaff and the wormcast has light weight, good air and water permeability and low price, and effectively promotes the growth of the apocarya seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of at least how to utilize the pecan hulls as wastes at low cost, provide a light substrate for container seedling of the carya illinoensis, and change the pecan hulls into valuables. The carya cathayensis shells do not need to be treated by adding a microbial inoculum, the growing rate of the carya cathayensis shells in the culture medium is 22-33% optimal, and the normal growth of the carya cathayensis is still not influenced when the rate of the carya cathayensis shells is up to 67%. The matrix prepared by blending the hickory shells, the rice chaff and the wormcast has light weight, good air and water permeability and low price, and effectively promotes the growth of the apocarya seedlings.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a light matrix for apocarya container seedling culture is composed of the following raw materials by volume: 22-67% of pecan shell, 0-67% of rice hull and 11-35% of wormcast;
preferably, the volume ratio of the pecan shells to the rice chaff is 1: 1-1: 2.
Preferably, the volume content of the pecan shells is 22-33%.
Preferably, the pecan shells are collected at the end of autumn and naturally piled and retted for half a year without being crushed;
preferably, the volume weight of the pecan husk in the matrix is 0.086g/cm3The pH was 7.9.
Preferably, the rice chaff is bamboo forest cover waste and is recycled;
preferably, the volume weight of the rice chaff in the matrix is 0.110g/cm3The pH was 4.5.
Preferably, the volume weight of the wormcast in the matrix is 0.471g/cm3The pH was 6.6.
Preferably, the pecan shells and the rice chaff are thoroughly leached and disinfected by potassium permanganate solution, and are spread and aired for 5 to 7 days after 24 hours.
The carya cathayensis sarg seedlings are placed in the light-matrix non-woven fabric mesh bag, the carya cathayensis sarg shells have good water and fertilizer retention and storage functions, the porosity of rice chaff is large, the air permeability is good, and wormcast is used for fixing seedlings to meet the nutrient requirements during the seedling growing season.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the cost is low.
The pecan husk, the rice chaff and the wormcast with the matrix formula have wide sources and are easy to obtain, and the preparation method is simple, the quality is controllable, the operation technology is easy to master, and the production cost is low.
2. The product quality is good, and the seedling quality is high.
The light medium produced by the invention has proper nutrients, is loose and breathable, has low price, can promote the growth and development of root systems, and is beneficial to the growth of apocarya seedlings. Through production practice, the substrate provided by the invention is used for cultivating carya illinoensis seedlings, and the seedling height, the ground diameter, the root biomass and the overground part biomass are not weaker than those of a control example.
3. Reducing pollution and protecting environment.
The pecan hulls contain alkaloid components, which leak corrosive black juice after long-term accumulation, which can cause water source and soil pollution and threaten crop growth. The invention can solve the problem of pecan peel pollution, and the matrix can be naturally degraded after entering the soil along with the transplanting of the seedlings, thereby realizing the sustainable utilization of the soil and achieving the effects of activating the soil and protecting the ecological environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the root conditions of Carya illinoensis in comparative examples and examples 1 to 4.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
In the following examples, pecan shells and rice chaff are thoroughly washed and disinfected by potassium permanganate solution, spread out after 24 hours and aired for 5-7 days, and then mixed. The pecan hulls are from the Linan farmers, the rice chaff is from the Linan Pan mother gang Lei bamboo forest, and the wormcast is from the Anhui Liufeihong cooperative.
Comparative example
A method for raising seedlings in a Pan-mother base adopts yellow core soil, peat and perlite for raising seedlings, and a matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in volume fraction: 23% of yellow mud, 2% of slow release fertilizer, 50% of peat, 15% of perlite and 10% of organic matter. The volume weight of the obtained light matrix is 0.283g/cm3The pH was 5.9.
Example 1
The pecan shells, the rice chaff and the wormcast are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 2: 4: 3. The volume weight of the pecan peel is 0.086g/cm3The pH value is 7.9; the volume weight of the rice chaff is 0.110g/cm3The pH value is 4.5; the volume weight of the wormcast is 0.471g/cm3The pH was 6.6. The volume weight of the obtained light matrix is 0.223g/cm3The pH was 7.3.
Example 2
The pecan shells, the rice chaff and the wormcast are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1. The volume weight of the pecan peel is 0.086g/cm3The pH value is 7.9; the volume weight of the rice chaff is 0.110g/cm3The pH value is 4.5; the volume weight of the wormcast is 0.471g/cm3The pH was 6.6. The volume weight of the obtained light matrix is 0.221g/cm3The pH was 7.5.
Example 3
Mixing pecan shell, rice hull and wormcast according to a volume ratio of 4: 2: 3. The volume weight of the pecan peel is 0.086g/cm3The pH value is 7.9; the volume weight of the rice chaff is 0.110g/cm3The pH value is 4.5; the volume weight of the wormcast is 0.471g/cm3The pH was 6.6. The volume weight of the obtained light matrix is 0.215g/cm3The pH was 7.6.
Example 4
The matrix is prepared from the following raw materials in volume fraction: the ratio of the hickory nut husk to the rice hull to the wormcast is 2 to 0 to 1; the preparation method comprises mixing, sieving, and air drying. The pecan shells are collected at the end of autumn and naturally piled and retted for half a year without being crushed. The volume weight of the pecan peel is 0.086g/cm3The pH value is 7.9; the volume weight of wormcast is 0.47g/cm3The pH was 6.6. The volume weight of the obtained light matrix is 0.198g/cm3The pH was 7.7.
Application examples
Experiments on the light substrate seedling raising of apocarya were carried out for examples 1 to 4.
And in 10 months, collecting apocarya seeds, and selecting a superior tree with a straight and round trunk, complete crown and no disease or pest. Seed soaking, germination accelerating, sowing, overwintering in greenhouse, and placing in mesh bag and plug seedling. When the seedlings come out of the ground in large quantity, the water is controlled in time, a small quantity of spraying watering methods are adopted for multiple times, and meanwhile, the carbendazim liquid medicine is sprayed to prevent the occurrence of diseases.
In the next 4 months, the robust seedlings without plant diseases and insect pests are transplanted into light matrix mesh bags. Building an arched shed, and covering the arched shed with a sunshade net with the transmittance of 65-75%; leveling the nursery land, and placing the mesh bag filled with the matrix on the nursery land paved with plastic; after transplanting, the matrix mesh bag is watered thoroughly, and the insect pests such as yellow spiny moth and the like are prevented in the seedling stage.
The growth indexes of the carya illinoensis seedlings are measured in the next 10 months (the growth period is 6 months) by regular observation, the average value is taken, and the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 growth of Carya illinoensis seedlings under different substrate conditions
TABLE 2 Carya illinoensis seedling dry weights under different substrate conditions
As can be seen from table 1, table 2 and fig. 1, the seedling height growth amount of the carya illinoensis seedlings cultured by the light medium prepared in the embodiment 1 of the present invention is the highest, which is significantly higher than that of the control example, and there is no significant difference between the embodiments 2 and 4 and the control example; the ground diameter growth amount of the apocarya seedlings cultured by the light matrix prepared in the embodiment 3 is the highest and is obviously higher than that of the control example, and the embodiments 1, 3 and 4 are obviously higher than that of the control example; the biomass of the overground part of the apocarya seedlings cultured by the light medium prepared in the examples 1 and 2 is obviously higher than that of the control example, and the examples 3 and 4 have no obvious difference from the control example; the root biomass of the examples was not significantly different from that of the control examples. The pecan shells in the volume range of 22-67% are added as the seedling raising matrix, the growth of the pecan seedlings is promoted without obvious negative effects, the effect of the pecan shells in the volume range of 22-33% as the seedling raising matrix is optimal and obviously superior to that of a control example, and the light matrix for the pecan seedling raising has a good effect.
In the comparative example, no pecan hulls were added, and the growth state of the carya illinoensis seedlings was excellent when used as a seedling raising medium. However, in the embodiments 1 to 4, it is proved that the growth state of the apocarya seedlings is still excellent by adding a large amount of carya shells under the action of rice chaff and wormcast, the apocarya shells are used as the seedling substrate to not generate obvious negative effects on the apocarya seedlings, the apocarya shells are successfully converted into the seedling substrate, so that the apocarya does not need to be subjected to secondary waste treatment, and the purpose of changing waste into valuable is achieved.
The seedling height increment, the ground diameter increment, the root biomass and the overground part biomass of the apocarya cultured by the light medium prepared in the embodiment 1 are all superior to those of the control example, the seedling height increment and the root biomass of the apocarya cultured by the light medium prepared in the embodiment 2 are all superior to those of the control example, and the seedling height increment and the root biomass are not weaker than those of the control example. The examples 1 and 2 have good overall properties. Examples 1-4 the light weight substrate was 78%, 76% and 70% of the weight of the control substrate, respectively, reducing transportation and forestation costs. The invention uses two agricultural and forestry wastes, namely the pecan husk and the rice chaff to prepare the seedling growing light medium which is used for growing seedlings of the carya illinoensis, has good seedling growing effect, not only can replace peat, but also can solve the problem of ecological environment difficult to treat the agricultural and forestry wastes, and promotes the industrial development of waste recycling.
Claims (9)
1. The container seedling raising light matrix for the apocarya is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in volume content: 22-67% of pecan shell, 0-67% of rice hull and 11-35% of wormcast.
2. The light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the pecan husk to the rice chaff is 1: 1-1: 2.
3. The light substrate for container seedling of carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the volume content of the carya illinoensis shell is 22-33%.
4. The light substrate for container seedling of Carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carya illinoensis shell is collected at the end of autumn and naturally piled and retted for half a year without pulverization.
5. The light substrate for container seedling of Carya illinoensis Koch as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume weight of Carya illinoensis Koch in the substrate is 0.086g/cm3The pH was 7.9.
6. The light substrate for container seedling cultivation of apocarya as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice chaff is bamboo forest covering waste.
7. The light matrix for container seedling of Carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume weight of rice chaff in the matrix is 0.110g/cm3The pH was 4.5.
8. The light substrate for container seedling of Carya illinoensis as claimed in claim 3, wherein the volume weight of wormcast in the substrate is 0.471g/cm3The pH was 6.6.
9. The light matrix for container seedling of Carya illinoensis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the shells and chaff of Carya illinoensis are thoroughly soaked in potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, and after 24h, are spread and aired for 5-7 days.
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| CN202011618966.3A CN112868498A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya |
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| CN202011618966.3A CN112868498A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Light substrate for container seedling culture of apocarya |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115005051A (en) * | 2022-04-17 | 2022-09-06 | 中南林业科技大学 | Multi-effect seedling raising light medium based on apocarya residues and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115005051A (en) * | 2022-04-17 | 2022-09-06 | 中南林业科技大学 | Multi-effect seedling raising light medium based on apocarya residues and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210601 |