CN108633692B

CN108633692B - Vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108633692B
Application number: CN201810443695.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王发国; 刘东明; 简曙光; 陈红锋; 邢福武
Original assignee: South China Botanical Garden of CAS
Current assignee: South China Botanical Garden of CAS
Priority date: 2018-05-10
Filing date: 2018-05-10
Publication date: 2020-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 2038-05-10
Also published as: CN108633692A

Abstract

The invention discloses a liana seedling raising light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening and a preparation method thereof. Wherein the composting of the leaf mold is fallen leaf waste: loam: the plant ash is piled up in the proportion of 4:1-2: 1. The invention has the following advantages: the formula material is light and water-retaining, and the cultivated vine seedling has developed root system, thick stem, strong seedling and good flower bud differentiation; the seedlings grow regularly; the transportation and carrying load is reduced, and the watering frequency is reduced; the rooting rate of the liana is improved, the survival rate of the seedlings transplanted on the reef is improved, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and the pesticide consumption is reduced. The preparation method is simple, fully utilizes natural waste and is easy to implement.

Description

Vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The coral reef comprises an island and an artificial sand-filled island. The south sea island reef is mostly formed by filling coral reef sand, lacks real soil and fertility, has the characteristics of high salt, strong alkali, high temperature, strong light and other extreme environments, almost has no plant growth, and cannot form a certain vegetation landscape and a corresponding living environment. In order to construct a coral island vegetation ecosystem as soon as possible, exert the corresponding functions of wind prevention, sand fixation, shading, covering, cooling, masking and the like, build a favorable ecological environment, rapidly afforest the hydraulically filled tropical coral island, form a matching technology and meet the actual requirements.

At the initial stage of building the newly-built coral island reef, soil, animals and plants are not contained, all resources are deficient, and the coral island reef needs to be transported by ships. The native plants suitable for ecological restoration of extreme environmental characteristics of coral island reefs comprise arbors, shrubs, vines and the like. The vine plants such as thick vines, sea beans and the like have good effects on sand fixation and coverage and have great advantages, but the stems of the vine plants are soft, and seedlings often twine and overstock with each other in the process of shipping and stacking, and are not ventilated and breathable. The substrate for cultivating thick vines and jack beans in the early stage is mainly viscous red and red loam which is widely distributed in the south of Hainan, and is matched with peat soil, sand, compound fertilizer and the like. The matrix is insufficient, the viscous red soil can be adhered after being watered, is airtight, can be hardened after water is dried, and the lianas can grow in the soil and is not easy to grow roots and grow badly; peat is a non-renewable resource and excessive mining and use poses a depletion risk. In addition, the substrate mainly comprising the viscous red and red loam is heavy, and the transportation cost is increased. In the transportation of vines from mainland to the island of south China sea by ship, 3-5 days are usually needed, and after the vine seedlings packaged in frames are watered in a cabin, the roots, stems and leaves of the seedlings are easy to rot and die due to no ventilation, and the death rate of the seedlings reaches 45%. Therefore, the development of a substrate suitable for the seedling culture and transportation process of the lianas for the coral island reef greening is urgently needed, so that the raw material and transportation cost are reduced, and the death rate of the lianas is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of heavy load of a vine substrate, higher raw material price, unsatisfactory water and fertilizer retention effect and the like, and provides a vine seedling growing light substrate which is light, breathable, low in cost, good in water and fertilizer retention effect, simple, convenient and easy to obtain and suitable for coral island reef greening, and a preparation method thereof, so that seedling growing and transportation can be facilitated, and the death rate of vines is reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a vine seedling raising light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening, which comprises the following steps:

a. preparing leaf mold: the method comprises the following steps of (1) treating fallen leaves and weed waste: loam: filling plant ash into the pit at a weight ratio of 4:1-2:1, stacking the materials layer by layer, adding kitchen wastewater containing 50-60% water and 50-100g/L urea, covering with plastic film, sealing, and thoroughly decomposing; turning over the piles at proper time, taking out the leaves after the leaves are completely rotten and turn brown and black, exposing the leaves to the sun for sterilization, mashing the leaves and sieving the leaves, adding carbofuran according to 2-5% of the weight of the materials, and uniformly mixing the materials to obtain leaf mold;

b. preparing a coconut husk and sand mixture: mixing the sand respectively sieved with sieve mesh of 0.4mm and 0.6mm at weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain mixed sand, and mixing the mixed sand with coconut husk with particle size of 2mm-5mm at weight ratio of 2-4: 1;

c. preparing red loam soil: taking dry red loam with sand content less than or equal to 30%, and removing solenopsis invicta;

d. mixing a matrix: uniformly mixing the components of the matrix according to the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of leaf mold, 45-50 parts of a coconut husk and sand mixture, 10-15 parts of laterite, 10-20 parts of earthworm manure, 5-15 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of perlite, wherein the coconut husk and sand mixture contains 30-40 parts of coconut husk and 10-15 parts of mixed sand; the vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening is prepared.

Preferably, the removing of the solenopsis invicta in the step c is removing the solenopsis invicta by using a solenopsis invicta remover or a solenopsis invicta remover, wherein the dosage of the solenopsis invicta remover is 2-2.5g of the solenopsis invicta per Kg of red loam, and the dosage of the solenopsis invicta remover is 1.5-2g of the solenopsis invicta per Kg of red loam.

Preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite is 60-80 meshes, and the particle size of the perlite is 4-6 mm.

The invention also provides the vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening, which is prepared according to the preparation method.

The invention also provides application of the vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening.

Preferably, when in use, the vine seedling raising light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening is sprayed with 50 wt% carbendazim 350-450 times diluent or 30 wt% hymexazol 900-1000 times diluent for disinfection treatment.

Preferably, the seedbed for storing the liana seedling raising light matrix non-woven fabric nutrition bag suitable for coral island reef greening is disinfected by spraying 50 wt% carbendazim 550-fold diluent or 50 wt% fenaminosulf 500-fold 550-fold diluent in advance.

Preferably, the liana suitable for coral island reef greening is thick vine and sea sword bean.

The leaf mold is nutrient soil formed by decomposing and fermenting plant leaves in soil through microorganisms, is convenient to collect, simple to stack, light and loose, rich in organic matters and good in fertilizer and water retention capacity.

The coconut husk has good pore structure and strong water-retaining capacity, contains abundant soluble mineral elements, has light weight, increases the air permeability of the matrix, and is convenient for long-distance transportation and carrying.

The manure is wormcast. The wormcast is non-toxic and odorless, has a loose and porous granular structure, and has good air permeability and water drainage.

The red loam has moderate pore size, water permeability, water retention and air permeability, and the soil colloid in the red loam enables the soil to have strong adsorption performance, thereby being beneficial to increasing the fertility of the soil. In addition, small granular substrates such as sand, coconut chaff and the like are selected and are mixed with other substrates more easily and compactly, so that the problem of escape of seedlings in framing and transportation can be effectively solved, the growth of plant roots is facilitated, and the survival rate is improved.

According to the invention, the vine seedling lightweight water-retention matrix formula for coral island reef greening selects waste such as fallen leaves, plant ash and the like which are convenient and easy to obtain in forest land, prepares rotten leaf soil through natural fermentation, selects a matrix made of waste coconut shells, and is matched with sand, red soil, manure, vermiculite and perlite according to a certain proportion. The matrix provided by the invention is light and breathable, has the advantages of fertilizer and water retention, high nutrient content, simple and easily-obtained raw materials and low cost, can meet the requirement of soil for vine seedling culture, and can effectively utilize agricultural wastes to achieve the aim of resource circulation.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the perlite has a microporous porous structure, and the coconut coir has a good pore structure, so that the substrate has good air permeability.

2. The substrate of the invention has rich organic matter content, good water and fertilizer retention property, and is beneficial to the development of plant roots.

3. The used materials are environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can not damage and influence the ecological environment of the island. Agricultural and forestry wastes are used as main matrix raw materials, a mesh bag made of degradable non-woven fabric materials is used as a seedling culture container, and the traditional seedling culture matrixes of turfy soil and peat soil are not used, so that the problem of shortage of non-renewable resources of turfy soil and peat soil can be effectively solved. But also effectively recycles energy and reduces the environmental pollution when the agricultural and forestry waste is treated.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the lightweight water-retaining matrix for vine seedling culture for coral island greening, disclosed by the invention, has a reasonable formula, can obviously improve the rooting rate of vines and the survival rate of seedlings transplanted to the island, and is specifically characterized in that the rooting rate of cultured seedlings is more than 92%, the root system is developed, and the root length is more than 5 cm; thick stem, strong seedling and good flower bud differentiation; the seedlings grow regularly; after the plant is transplanted to the island, the survival rate reaches 93 percent, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and the pesticide consumption is reduced. The preparation method is simple, easy to implement and convenient to produce.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

The ant eradication agent used in the examples was produced by dahao viscose daily-use product factory, kaiping, guangxi yulin, and the fire ant eradication agent used was produced by auspicious and humanized industrial and pharmaceutical industries, ltd.

Example 1

Establishing a seedling bed: selecting a place with flat terrain and good ventilation, cleaning weeds and stones, leveling the ground, uniformly spraying 450 times of 50 wt% carbendazim diluent for disinfection treatment, and then covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the treated ground as a seedbed.

Preparing leaf mold: collecting fallen leaves and weed wastes, and mixing the fallen leaves and the weed wastes: loam: the plant ash is filled into a rectangular cement pit according to the weight ratio of 4:2:1, when stacking, a layer of fallen leaves and weed waste is firstly put, then a layer of loam and plant ash is put, the plant ash is stacked layer by layer, a plurality of layers are repeatedly stacked, the kitchen waste water (50-60% of water content) added with 50g/L of urea is poured and added, the kitchen waste water is covered and sealed by plastic cloth, and the plant ash is thoroughly decomposed in a high-temperature environment in summer. Stirring once every 1 month, when the temperature exceeds 50 deg.C, turning over every two weeks, taking out after the leaves are completely rotted and turn brown and black, sterilizing by sun exposure, mashing, sieving with 2-3mm sieve mesh, adding carbofuran according to 2% of the weight of the materials, and mixing well for use.

Preparing a coconut husk and sand mixture: preparing mixed sand: mixing sand with screen mesh of 0.4mm and 0.6mm at weight ratio of 1: 1. The coconut chaff passes through a mesh screen, and the particle size is 2mm-5 mm. Mixing the mixed sand and the screened coconut coir at a weight ratio of 2: 1.

Preparing red loam soil: collecting laterite with sand content less than or equal to 30%, stacking and drying, and removing solenopsis invicta with 2.5g of solenopsis invicta per Kg of laterite.

Mixing a matrix: mixing the components of the matrix according to the following parts by weight: 20 parts of leaf mold, 45 parts of a coconut husk and sand mixture (30 parts of coconut husk and 15 parts of mixed sand), 15 parts of red loam, 20 parts of earthworm manure, 5 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of perlite. After the base materials are mixed evenly, the mixture is stacked in a dry, ventilated and shielded place. The vermiculite is conventionally used vermiculite. The perlite is conventionally used perlite.

The mixed matrix is put into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag (8 multiplied by 10cm) and shaken while being packed, so that the matrix in the bag is compact, the packed nutrition bag is placed on a seedbed in order, and then 30 wt% hymexazol 1000 times diluent is uniformly sprayed once.

And (4) taking thick rattan cutting seedlings, planting the thick rattan cutting seedlings into a nutrition bag, and watering and maintaining. After the nursery stock grows for 2 months, the rooting rate is 92 percent, the root length is about 5cm, the nursery stock is filled into a nursery stock frame, and the nursery stock is transported to a No. 6 coral island reef by a ship for planting. The product reaches 3 days later, is planted in island coral sand, and reaches 93 percent of survival rate after 2 months.

Example 2

Establishing a seedling bed: selecting a place with flat terrain and good ventilation, cleaning weeds and stones, leveling the ground, uniformly spraying 550 times of 50 wt% carbendazim diluent for disinfection treatment, and then covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the treated ground to be used as a seedbed.

Preparing leaf mold: collecting fallen leaves and weed wastes, and mixing the fallen leaves and the weed wastes: loam: the plant ash is filled into a rectangular cement pit according to the weight ratio of 4:2:1, when stacking, a layer of fallen leaves and weed waste is firstly put, then a layer of loam and plant ash is put, the plant ash is stacked layer by layer, a plurality of layers are repeatedly stacked, kitchen waste water (with the water content of 50-60%) added with 75g/L urea is poured and added, the kitchen waste water is covered and sealed by plastic cloth, and the plant ash is thoroughly decomposed in a high-temperature environment in summer. Stirring once every 1 month, when the temperature exceeds 50 deg.C, turning over every two weeks, taking out after the leaves are completely rotted and turn brown and black, sterilizing by sun exposure, mashing, sieving with 2-3mm sieve mesh, adding carbofuran according to 2% of the weight of the materials, and mixing well for use.

Preparing red loam soil: collecting red loam with sand content less than or equal to 30%, stacking and drying, and removing red imported fire ants with the ant removing agent in an amount of 2g of ant removing agent per Kg of red loam.

The mixed matrix is put into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag (8 multiplied by 10cm) and shaken while being packed, so that the matrix in the bag is compact, the packed nutrition bag is placed on a seedbed in order, and then 30 wt% hymexazol 900 times diluent is uniformly sprayed once.

And (4) taking thick rattan cutting seedlings, planting the thick rattan cutting seedlings into a nutrition bag, and watering and maintaining. After the nursery stock grows for 2 months, the rooting rate is 93 percent, the root length is about 5cm, the nursery stock is filled into a nursery stock frame, and the nursery stock is transported to a No. 6 coral island reef by a ship for planting. The product reaches 3 days later, is planted in island coral sand, and has a survival rate of 94 percent after 2 months.

Example 3

Establishing a seedling bed: selecting a place with flat topography and good ventilation, cleaning weeds, stones and impurities, leveling the ground, uniformly spraying 50 wt% of dixon 500 times diluent for disinfection treatment, and then covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the treated ground to be used as a seedbed.

Preparing leaf mold: collecting fallen leaves and weed wastes, and mixing the fallen leaves and the weed wastes: loam: filling plant ash into a rectangular cement pit according to the weight ratio of 4:1:1, during stacking, firstly placing a layer of fallen leaves and weed wastes, then placing a layer of loam and plant ash, stacking layer by layer, repeatedly stacking a plurality of layers, pouring kitchen waste water (with the water content of 50-60%) added with 100g/L urea, covering with plastic cloth, sealing and thoroughly decomposing. Stirring once at intervals of 1 month, taking out after the leaves are completely rotten and turn brown and black, sterilizing by insolation, mashing, sieving with sieve mesh of 2-3mm, adding carbofuran 5% of the weight of the materials, and mixing well for use.

Preparing a coconut husk and sand mixture: mixing sand with screen mesh of 0.4mm and 0.6mm at weight ratio of 1: 1. The coconut chaff passes through a mesh screen, and the particle size is 2mm-5 mm. Mixing the mixed sand and the screened coconut coir at a weight ratio of 4: 1.

Preparing red loam soil: collecting red loam with sand content less than or equal to 30%, stacking and drying, and removing red imported fire ants by sweeping with fire ants at a dosage of 1.5g of red loam.

Mixing a matrix: mixing the components of the matrix according to the following parts by weight: 30 parts of leaf mold, 50 parts of a coconut husk and sand mixture (40 parts of coconut husk and 10 parts of mixed sand), 10 parts of red loam, 10 parts of earthworm manure, 15 parts of vermiculite and 15 parts of perlite. After the base materials are mixed evenly, the mixture is stacked in a dry, ventilated and shielded place.

The particle size of the vermiculite is 60-80 meshes. The granularity of the perlite is 4-6 mm.

The mixed matrix is put into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag (8 multiplied by 10cm) and shaken while being filled, so that the matrix in the bag is compact, the filled nutrition bag is placed on a seedbed regularly, and then the solution diluted by 350 times of 50 wt% carbendazim is sprayed uniformly once.

And (4) taking the cutting seedlings of the sea sword beans, planting the cutting seedlings into a nutrition bag, and watering and maintaining. After the nursery stock grows for 2 months, the rooting rate is 94%, the root length is about 5cm, the nursery stock is filled into a nursery stock frame, and the nursery stock is transported to a No. 7 coral island reef by a ship for planting. The product reaches 3 days later, is planted in island coral sand, and reaches 93 percent of survival rate after 2 months.

Example 4

Establishing a seedling bed: selecting a place with flat topography and good ventilation, cleaning weeds, stones and impurities, leveling the ground, uniformly spraying 550 times of 50 wt% dixon diluent for disinfection treatment, and then covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the treated ground to be used as a seedbed.

Preparing leaf mold: collecting fallen leaves and weed wastes, and mixing the fallen leaves and the weed wastes: loam: filling plant ash into a rectangular cement pit according to the weight ratio of 4:1:1, during stacking, firstly placing a layer of fallen leaves and weed wastes, then placing a layer of loam and plant ash, stacking layer by layer, repeatedly stacking a plurality of layers, pouring kitchen waste water (with the water content of 50-60%) added with 75g/L urea, covering with plastic cloth, sealing and thoroughly decomposing. Stirring once at intervals of 1 month, taking out after the leaves are completely rotten and turn brown and black, sterilizing by insolation, mashing, sieving with sieve mesh of 2-3mm, adding carbofuran 5% of the weight of the materials, and mixing well for use.

Preparing red loam soil: collecting red loam with sand content less than or equal to 30%, stacking and drying, and removing red imported fire ants by sweeping with fire ants at a dosage of 2g of fire ants per Kg of red loam.

The mixed matrix is put into a non-woven fabric nutrition bag (8 multiplied by 10cm) and shaken while being filled, so that the matrix in the bag is compact, the filled nutrition bag is placed on a seedbed regularly, and then the solution diluted by 450 times of 50 wt% carbendazim is sprayed uniformly once.

And (4) taking the cutting seedlings of the sea sword beans, planting the cutting seedlings into a nutrition bag, and watering and maintaining. After the nursery stock grows for 2 months, the rooting rate is 95 percent, the root length is about 5cm, the nursery stock is filled into a nursery stock frame and transported to a No. 7 coral island reef for planting by a ship. The product reaches 3 days later, is planted in island coral sand, and reaches 93 percent of survival rate after 2 months.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening is characterized by comprising the following steps:

d. mixing a matrix: uniformly mixing the components of the matrix according to the following parts by weight: 20-30 parts of leaf mold, 45-50 parts of a coconut husk and sand mixture, 10-15 parts of laterite, 10-20 parts of earthworm manure, 5-15 parts of vermiculite and 10-15 parts of perlite, wherein the coconut husk and sand mixture contains 30-40 parts of coconut husk and 10-15 parts of mixed sand; thus preparing the vine seedling growing light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening;

the liana suitable for coral island reef greening is thick vine and sea sword bean.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said step c of removing said solenopsis invicta is performed by removing said solenopsis invicta with at least 2-2.5g of solenopsis invicta per Kg of laterite, and at least 1.5-2g of solenopsis invicta per Kg of laterite.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite is 60-80 meshes, and the particle size of the perlite is 4-6 mm.

4. The lightweight matrix for culturing the seedlings of the lianas, which is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and is suitable for greening coral islands.

5. Use of the lightweight matrix for raising seedlings of lianas suitable for coral island reef greening according to claim 4.

6. The application as claimed in claim 5, wherein the lightweight matrix for culturing vine plants suitable for coral island reef greening is sprayed with 50 wt% carbendazim 350-fold diluent liquid or 30 wt% hymexazol 900-fold diluent liquid for disinfection.

7. The application as claimed in claim 5, wherein the seedbed for storing the non-woven fabric nutrition bag containing the liana seedling raising light matrix suitable for coral island reef greening is sterilized in advance by spraying 50 wt% carbendazim 550-fold diluent or 50 wt% fenaminosulf 500-fold 550-fold diluent.