CN102603430B - Compost tea for improving soil hardness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compost tea for improving soil hardness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102603430B CN102603430B CN2012101129148A CN201210112914A CN102603430B CN 102603430 B CN102603430 B CN 102603430B CN 2012101129148 A CN2012101129148 A CN 2012101129148A CN 201210112914 A CN201210112914 A CN 201210112914A CN 102603430 B CN102603430 B CN 102603430B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compost tea for improving the soil hardness and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. The preparation method of the compost tea suitable for improving the hardness soil comprises three parts: material selection, preparation process and quality index selection. The applying method of the compost tea comprises the step of selecting parameters of applying condition, applying time and applying amount. The preparation method of the compost tea has the advantages of easily obtained materials, lower cost, simple preparation process and simple applying method. The preparation of the improved hardened soil of the compost tea has the advantages of high efficiency and short time, and the crumb structure of the hardened soil is remarkably improved 40-50 days after the application of the compost tea. Chemically synthesized substances are not needed in the materials, and the compost tea solution prepared is pollution-free to the environment, thereby conforming to the need of agricultural sustainable development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil improvement technical field, particularly a kind of compost tea that improves soil compaction and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
(1) soil compaction is the major issue faced in the agricultural sustainable development process
Along with the pay attention to day by day of countries in the world to agricultural sustainable development, the sustainability of soil throughput is had higher requirement.Have a large population, plough less in China, face under the severe situation of grain security especially, how to ensure that the Sustainable Production ability of soil is particularly important.Soil compaction is one of Soil degradation important behaviour, sublayer soil compaction particularly, and the restriction root system of plant is to underground growth, in the situation that the plant-growth middle and later periods is as few and evaporate large soil compaction and have a strong impact on the absorption of plant to moisture in run into rainfall.Arid may limiting plant growth and output formation.Deep ploughing often is used to slow down soil compaction, but the effect of deep ploughing is comparatively of short duration and energy and time cost higher.Deep ploughing slows down soil compaction and has also destroyed the Surface mulch that no-tillage management development gets up for many years, has also increased the risk that the soil erosion and table soil harden.
(2) improvement that compost tea is the soil that hardens provides may
Compost tea refers to the water extract that the organic materials of decomposition reactor system obtains by fermentation, not only contain a large amount of beneficial microorganisms, also contain a large amount of nutrients, its principle is to add the food of specified microorganisms in making compost tea process, makes soil food web more healthy.In recent years, effect and the application of compost tea in Organic farming admitted gradually, and reason is to use the compost tea set to have the following advantages: (1) suppresses disease or improves crop resistance, to strengthen crop health and to reduce the demand to sterilant; (2) for plant provides water miscible nutrient, to reduce fertilizer demand and to reduce costs; (3) increase soil microbial biomass and diversity, to improve Soil structure, water-retentivity, promote root system and plant-growth.As far back as the twenties in 20th century, European gardeners just soak seed and spray to increase soil fertility with compost tea, prevent and treat broken sick.Until 20th century the mid-80, some scientists of the U.S. just start compost tea is studied, and are applied in some organic farms.The external research to compost tea at present and application mostly lay particular emphasis on its prevention effect to disease and pest, and still rare for the research of its nutritive validity, its report in soil improvement lacks more.
(3) making of compost tea and the application in the soil improvement of hardening thereof will provide new approach for agricultural sustainable development
In view of the plurality of advantages of compost tea in agricultural application, by making the hardened improvement of soil of high-quality compost tea, will provide new approach for agricultural sustainable development.Due to different types of soil microorganisms role difference in soil, there is larger difference to improving Soil structure, be conducive to improve the high quality compost tea of Soil structure and optimize its application process to produce by the formula of regulating compost tea, for solving the soil compaction problem occurred in the agricultural sustainable development process, providing new method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above technical problem, design provides a kind of compost tea and making and application process that is specially adapted to improve the soil aggregate that hardens.The method is simple to operation, and cost is low, and improved effect is fast.The method is applicable to the paddy rice water in field and changes drought, the larger soil of unit weight such as red clay, Shajiang black soil loose, the no-tillage fertilizing of the perennial crops such as tealeaves, fruit tree and soil improvement.
The making of the compost tea of the soil improvement that is suitable for hardening of the present invention is chosen three parts containing material selection, making processes and quality index; The application process of compost tea comprises that the parameter of application conditions, time of application and amount of application chooses.
The preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction of the present invention is:
Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.08-0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, ventilation 20-60min, remove after chlorine that to add mass ratio be 1: (1.5-5.0): molasses (1.5-4.5), seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 is put into to water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: (10-40); Molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add the 1-5% that total mass is compost quality;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilating in solution, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, and preferably 25-30 ℃, through 24-48 hour, make the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Described compost selection meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
The application process of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes is: the compost tea that improves soil compaction made was finished using in 6 hours, and the amount of application of every mu is 10-20L, used after adding the water dilution of 50-250 times of quality.
Compost tea after dilution directly is poured onto crop root, or adopts drip irrigation system.
Beneficial effect: the material that 1) the compost tea in the present invention is made very easily obtains, and cost is lower, and making processes is simple, and application process is easy; 2) the harden efficiency of soil of the present invention improvement is high, and the time is short, and compost tea waters after about 40-50 days the crumb structure of the soil that hardens significantly to be improved; 3) raw material of the present invention does not add the chemosynthesis material, and the compost tea solution environmentally safe of producing, meet the agricultural sustainable development needs.
The accompanying drawing explanation
In Fig. 1: embodiment 2 the mortar black soil add compost tea after 45 days with the Soil standard average equivalent diameter NMWD value of not adding the soil control sample of compost tea.
In Fig. 2: embodiment 3 latosol papaya orchards, the papaya transplantation of seedlings is used compost tea and is not used the result of the inside and outside soil weight of tree crown of compost tea after 6 months.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min, add molasses, seaweed powder and the humic acid that mass ratio is 1: 4: 3 after removing chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 put into to water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 20; It is 2% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 24 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Described compost selection meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction made are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Rice soil is used compost tea plantation tomato tomato biological amount and Soil structure situation after 40 days: growing vegetables requires loose soil, and not yet the rice soil of slaking usually comparatively hardens and is unfavorable for vegetable growth, tomato is planted in experiment on rice soil, in the situation that reduce the above-mentioned compost tea made of fertilizers input 50% pouring, the compost tea of making was finished using in 6 hours, the amount of application of every mu is 20L, directly be poured onto the tomato root after adding the water dilution of 100 times of quality, through 40 days, the processing of the upgrowth situation of tomato and biomass and traditional fertilization (100% chemical fertilizer) does not have statistical difference, simultaneously, the soil aggregate that compost tea is processed obviously is better than traditional fertilization to be processed.Experiment shows, adopts compost tea and using method planting vegetable on the soil that hardens of the present invention's making, not only can improve the soil that hardens (forming good soil aggregate), and can reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min, add molasses, seaweed powder and the humic acid that mass ratio is 1: 3: 2 after removing chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 put into to water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 10; It is 3% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 36 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Described compost selection meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction made are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Compost tea adds the impact (soil incubation 45 days) on mortar black soil structure:
Shajiang black soil is the soil that typically hardens, and it has the bad attributes such as soil construction is bad, and soil physical property is poor, and nutrient content is low.The characteristics of its soil construction are arable layers shallow (general 12 centimetres of left and right) and more loose, plough sole thick (general 15-20 centimetre) and consolidation, the poor main manifestations of physical behavior is, except arable layer is granular texture, the prosperity of soil body fusiform structure, soil layer is solid, and the soil weight is larger, arable layer 1.4g/cm
3left and right, all the other soil layers all more than, soil porosity and aeration porosity are all less, arable layer is respectively 47% and 8% left and right, all the other soil layers are respectively in 45% and 2% left and right, transparent performance is very poor, plough sole is one deck watertight layer basically.In mechanical composition, the arable layer clay content is lower than plough sole and sand ginger layer, average out to 22.95%, and flour sand layer content is higher, generally more than 57%.The characteristics of this soil construction and physical behavior, the reflection on agricultural tillage is: hard when dry, muddy when wet, bad tilth, suitable ploughing the phase short (3-5 days).
Stdn average equivalent diameter (NMWD value) is an index weighing soil aggregate stability, and its value is lower, means that coacervate stability is less.The present embodiment adopts for examination soil-Shajiang black soil and carries out the experiment of soil constant temperature culture.Take 150g soil, set handling is: compost tea is processed and contrast, compost tea is used 100ml/kg, residual moisture is supplied with deionized water, soil moisture content is adjusted to 60% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, vinyon preservative film sealing for plastic cup, and stay an aperture in the middle of preservative film, so that gaseous interchange prevent that moisture loss is excessive.The constant incubator that beaker is placed in to 25 ℃ is cultivated, and weighs 1 time every 3 days and keeps the skin wet, to keep soil moisture content constant.Culture experiment continues 45 days altogether, its crumb structure of air-dry soil testing.As seen from Figure 1, compost tea adds the soil NMWD value of processing and is significantly higher than control treatment, and the NMWD value that compost tea is processed is processed and exceeded 19.3% than contrast.The present embodiment shows, the present invention can still can improve well the crumb structure of the soil that hardens (Shajiang black soil) under the condition of planting plants not.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.5L/h, and ventilation 30min, add molasses, seaweed powder and the humic acid that mass ratio is 1: 2: 2 after removing chlorine, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 put into to water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 15; It is 1% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 48 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Described compost selection meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction made are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Latosol papaya orchard compost tea is used the impact on the soil weight:
For hundreds of years, it is the basis that drought-resistant agriculture is produced that ploughshare is turned over, and ploughs in smooth, humidity and heavy soil ground and is widely applied, and still, at cross country locality, ploughs frequently and has aggravated the soil erosion, causes the soil productivity degeneration.No-tillage have reduce labour intensity and time, minimizing mechanical loss reduce fuel cost, reduce the soil erosion, keep soil moisture, provide tilth to a soil, improve soil water penetrating quality, increase soil organic matter content, reduce CO
2discharge and atmospheric pollution, the arable land continuity characteristics such as use, increase farmers' income.Therefore, the development no-tillage technology, be the optimal selection of lasting and profitable agriculture.Root is easily hindered in perennial planting fruit trees process deep ploughing, provides chance for pathogenic bacteria enters fruit tree, thereby has affected the growth of crop.
Latosol be soil in tropical rain forest or monsoonal forest under tropical monsoon climate, the rich aluminium of intensity and bioconcentration occur and the deep red soil that develops into, its soil layer is deep, quality is sticky heavy, clay content is up to more than 60%.Experiment is watered 2 times the above-mentioned compost tea made every month to latosol papaya orchard, the amount of application of every mu is 20L, after field planting, employing in first 3 months is watered in the papaya root after adding 200 times of quality water dilution compost tea, within after field planting 4th month, starts after employing adds 100 times of quality water dilution compost tea to water in the papaya root.Fig. 2 shows the result of papaya transplantation of seedlings inside and outside soil weight of compost tea and control treatment tree crown after 6 months, adopts compost tea to process in the papaya tree crown significantly outer lower than tree crown and the control treatment of the soil weight.The present embodiment shows, new technology can be improved the latosol soil aggregate, and in orchard no-tillage middle acquisition good result.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction, is characterized in that, its concrete preparation process is:
Step 1: compost is packed in the mesh bag that mesh diameter is 0.08-0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in container, ventpipe is placed in to container bottom, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, ventilation 20-60min, remove after chlorine that to add mass ratio be 1:(1.5-5.0): molasses (1.5-4.5), seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in step 1 is put into to water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1:(10-40); Molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add the 1-5% that total mass is compost quality;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilating in solution, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, through 24-48 hour, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction;
Described compost meets fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY884-2004 requirement, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg;
The Biological indicators of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
2. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the application process of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes is: the compost tea that improves soil compaction made was finished using in 6 hours, the amount of application of every mu is 10-20L, uses after adding the water dilution of 50-250 times of quality.
3. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the compost tea after dilution directly is poured onto crop root, or adopt drip irrigation system.
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| CN103214285B (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2015-08-05 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of preparation method of novel full-nutrition compost tea micropore fermentation bag |
| CN105330486B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy |
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| CN105367345B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-04 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration of improvement soil hardening |
| CN105367177B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-25 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of drop sprinkling irrigation solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration |
| CN105367178B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-25 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient sets fertilizer with controlling disease and method of administration |
| CN107586215A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-16 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Prevent and treat the compost tea preparation and application of strawberry Verticillium wilt |
| RU2683529C1 (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2019-03-28 | Валерий Абрамович Шапиро | Method for producing concentrated soil solution enriched |
| KR102161110B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-09-29 | 강원도 | Compost tea using functional compost, method of manufacturing the same and use of the same |
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