CN102960226A - Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedling acclimatization method - Google Patents
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedling acclimatization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedling acclimatization method. Firstly, a cultivation material is prepared, then the Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedlings are interplanted in a breeding base to be cultivated and acclimatized, 2-3 new buds grow up from the Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedlings after 45-60 days of cultivation and acclimatization, and the new buds are thick in laminae and dense green in leave color; then the cultivated and acclimatized Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to be planted in a land for growing field crops; the planting temperature of the land for growing field crops is controlled to be 15-30 DEG C and the air humidity is maintained to be 70-85%; meanwhile, a fertilizer is applied regularly, and attention is paid to pest control. The acclimatization method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, the survival rate of the transplanted Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo tissue culture seedlings is increased, and a guarantee is provided for the planting of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cultivation acclimatization technology field, be specifically related to a kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method.
Background technology
Dendrobium candidum (the Latin formal name used at school:
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo), another name: ribbed hedyotis herb, Yunnan iron sheet, iron sheet orchid etc. belong to orchid.Nature and flavor enter through: it is sweet to distinguish the flavor of, cold nature.The nourishing the stomach of promoting the production of body fluid, nourishing Yin and clearing heat, the moistening lung kidney-nourishing, strong waist makes eye bright; Belong to the yin tonics in the tonic.Dendrobium candidum is born in height above sea level and is reached on the dark and damp rock in 1600 meters mountain region half, and the environment of happiness warm and moist weather and half cloudy half light is cold-resistant.Slow because of growth cycle, extremely difficulty is survived, and wild dendrobium candidum is endangered.Last century the eighties, dendrobium candidum is classified as the Endangered Medicinal Herb of treasuring of focused protection by country.
The dendrobium candidum medical value is high, health care is strong, and main component is polysaccharide, dendrobine, amino acid and trace element etc., has nourishing Yin and clearing heat, reinforcing stomach reg fluid, hawking makes eye bright, strengthens body immunity, the effect such as anti-ageing, antitumor." put down in writing in the Chinese pharmacopoeia: reinforcing stomach reg fluid is nourishing Yin and clearing heat.It is called " medicine circle giant panda " at international medicinal plant circle; By among the people being called " the celestial grass of help ".
The stem of noble dendrobium is traditional rare Chinese medicine of China, because growth conditions is harsh, grows nonparasitically upon another plant in the crack of stone of overhanging cliff or stone cistern, woods on the trunk, and natural production is few, under the natural conditions growth very slow, more because excavating for a long time, cause wild resource endangered.As traditional simply rare Chinese medicine, recent domestic is increasing to the demand of the stem of noble dendrobium especially dendrobium candidum, although the cultivation of stem of noble dendrobium research is a lot, because stem of noble dendrobium growth is very slow, and the demand that present cultivation far can not satisfying the market.Therefore, the tissue cultivation about Dendrobium Sw causes people's attention day by day.But dendrobium candidum is in tissue culture procedures, because candidum tissue culturing seedling its autophyting ability before bottle outlet is very poor, the photosynthesis of dredging function and blade of absorption function, fleshy stem that is mainly manifested in root is relatively poor; Its blade does not form perfect cuticula, even is difficult to carry out effective photosynthesis, and adaptability to external world is not strong, causes transplanting survival rate not high, therefore need to tame just and can transplant, and could improve its survival rate.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method, it has solved the problem that absorption function is poor, plant is fragile, adaptability is not strong, transplanting survival rate is low of candidum tissue culturing seedling root system by candidum tissue culturing seedling is tamed.Domesticating method of the present invention is simple, improved the survival rate that candidum tissue culturing seedling is transplanted, for the plantation of dendrobium candidum has improved guarantee.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
A kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method, it comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of planting material: the percentage by weight of each component of planting material is: coal briquette waste residue 15 ~ 20%, wood chip 20 ~ 25%, bacterium chaff 55 ~ 65%; Compound method is: the rear mixing stack retting of first coal briquette waste residue, bacterium chaff fully being crushed, and for subsequent use; Wood chip after will sterilizing again adds phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer mixes stack up, uses the film closure surface again, short its fermentation; After fermenting first 25 ~ 35 days, the film of raising covering is added into liquid fertilizer, builds film again and carries out secondary fermentation, and secondary fermentation was finished after 7 ~ 15 days; At last the coal briquette waste residue behind the stack retting, bacterium chaff are mixed into planting material with the wood chip that fermentation is finished.
The meaning of stack retting is exactly with organic matter (such as stalk, cinder, wood chip, ight soil etc.) stack up, and then the fermentation by inner microorganism is converted into the available small-molecule substance of plant with organic substance decomposing, thereby as fertilizer sources uses.
(2) cultivate domestication: will plant at Breeding base between candidum tissue culturing seedling and cultivate domestication, and apply planting material that step (1) prepares as base manure, the temperature of control Breeding base is at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Keep ventilation, sunshade; Cultivate domestication after 45 ~ 60 days, candidum tissue culturing seedling grows 2 ~ 3 sproutings, and blade is dense, the leaf look dark green.
(3) transplant planting; The candidum tissue culturing seedling that the cultivation domestication is finished is transplanted into field planting; The field planting management is that temperature is controlled at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Because dendrobium candidum self-sow speed is slow, regularly applies fertilizer and improve Growth of Dendrobium candidum speed simultaneously, mainly apply the inorganic fertilizer and the fertilizer that contain N, P, K element; Described inorganic fertilizer need to add water and dissolve, and concentration is controlled at 1.0 ~ 1.5g/L; Described fertilization time is the vegetative period in annual 4 ~ October, every fertilising in 15 ~ 30 days once, when the stem of noble dendrobium stops growing, also stops fertilising; Note during this time the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Sterilization wood chip in the described step (1) refer to the wood chip fetched first available 40% formalin spray disinfection, through just having obtained the sterilization wood chip after the formaldehyde volatilization after 7 ~ 14 days.
The planting material quality of preparing among the present invention is loose, ventilative, the fertilizer conservation water retention property is good, is convenient to plant absorbing.
It is abundant that Breeding base in the described step (2) is chosen in rainfall, has a moderate climate, and height above sea level is more than 1000, average temperature of the whole year is 15 ~ 16 ℃, and winter temperature is more than 0 ℃, and relative air humidity is 70 ~ 85%, the well-ventilated, light transmittance 50%～80%, the Breeding base on the gentle slope of half cloudy half light.The dendrobium candidum plantation needs to keep certain moisture, but moisture can not be too much, because excess moisture easily causes the mashed bud of mashed root, under the prerequisite that guarantees water-permeable and air permeable, continues higher moistening degree and is conducive to stem of noble dendrobium growth, and resting stage does not need too much moisture.According to observations, without antifreeze facility the time, when temperature was 0 ℃, department's blade was endured cold, and stem is subjected to freeze injury in the time of-1 ℃, and stem and root all are subjected to freeze injury in the time of-2 ℃.
Described fertilizer is cake fertilizer, biogas manure or compost, and cake fertilizer is colza cake, cottonseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake, castor cake, tea seed cake and so on.
In the process in land for growing field crops, field management is very important at the dendrobium candidum transplant planting in the present invention, and it is related to the success or not of whole cultivation:
1, the control of temperature: the temperature of Growth of Dendrobium candidum preferably is controlled at 15 ~ 30 ℃, but but also anti--5 ℃ of low temperature of short time or 38 ℃ of high temperature are but long-time under too high or too low temperature, dendrobium candidum can undergrowth until death.
The sunshade net of general employing 75% of summer and autumn covers, in order to cooling.Winter, to remove sunshade net plastic film is put down, sealing is with insulation.
2, the control of humidity: the dendrobium candidum optimum is in the place growth nice and cool, moistening, that air is unimpeded.During commerial growing, require to keep matrix moistening, but ponding not, air humidity keeps more than 70 ~ 85% in the canopy.Adopt sprinkling irrigation best when watering, must not rush filling.It is also different to water the water yield different seasons, and summer, temperature was high, and evaporation discharge is large, basically needs to water everyday, and the winter temperature low moisture is difficult for scattering and disappearing, thereby needs decide according to water content of substrate, replenishes a little moisture if culture matrix is partially dried.
3, fertilising: dendrobium candidum self-sow speed is slower, so will improve Growth of Dendrobium candidum speed, must provide timely and appropriately nutrient.The one, contain the inorganic fertilizer of the elements such as N, P, K, the 2nd, fertilizer (as macerating ripe cake fertilizer).Fertilization time when the stem of noble dendrobium stops growing, also stops fertilising generally in the vegetative period of the annual 4-10 month.
4, the extermination of disease and insect pest: the dendrobium candidum disease mainly comprises rot, gray mold, zonate spot etc., and insect pest has snail, slug, aphid, caterpillar, cabbage caterpillar etc.Control for damage by disease and insect should be grasped the principle of " prevention is for first, and treatment in time ", that is to say before field planting and will to the land for growing field crops pesticide and disinfectant, make milpa not have the root of damage by disease and insect.Booth will adopt the fly net isolation.To meticulously observe after the cultivation, will in time administer in case find disease, insect pest, when the disease insect pest is lighter, take manual method, plant in spite of illness be removed, or insect is caught out; When disease, when insect pest is heavier, general disease with thiophanate methyl, can kill, Du Pont's gram reveals that preferably effect is arranged, the insect pest then common pesticides such as usefulness dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, decis gets final product.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: domesticating method simple possible of the present invention, can improve simultaneously the survival rate that candidum tissue culturing seedling is transplanted, so that dendrobium candidum seedling reform of nature environment faster.The invention solves the problem that absorption function is poor, plant is fragile, adaptability is not strong, transplanting survival rate is low of candidum tissue culturing seedling root system.
Specific embodiment
The present invention describes with the following example, but does not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method, it comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of planting material:
The percentage by weight of each component of planting material is: coal briquette waste residue 15 ~ 18%, wood chip 23 ~ 25%, bacterium chaff 55 ~ 60%;
Disinfect the early stage of wood chip: with the wood chip fetched first available 40% formalin spray disinfection, through just having obtained the sterilization wood chip after the formaldehyde volatilization after 7 ~ 14 days, for subsequent use.
The compound method of planting material is: the rear mixing stack retting of first coal briquette waste residue, bacterium chaff fully being crushed, and for subsequent use; Wood chip after will sterilizing again adds phosphate fertilizer and the biogas liquid fertilizer mixes stack up, uses the plastic film closure surface again, short its fermentation; After fermenting first 25 ~ 30 days, the film of raising covering is added into the biogas liquid fertilizer, builds film again and carries out secondary fermentation, and secondary fermentation was finished after 7 ~ 10 days; At last the coal briquette waste residue behind the stack retting, bacterium chaff are mixed into planting material with the wood chip that fermentation is finished.
(2) cultivate domestication:
Will be between candidum tissue culturing seedling plant at Breeding base and cultivate domestication, and apply planting material that step (1) prepares as base manure, the temperature of control Breeding base is at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Keep ventilation, sunshade; Cultivate domestication after 45 ~ 60 days, candidum tissue culturing seedling grows 2 ~ 3 sproutings, and blade is dense, the leaf look dark green.
It is abundant that Breeding base is chosen in rainfall, has a moderate climate, and height above sea level is more than 1000, and average temperature of the whole year is 15 ~ 16 ℃, and winter temperature is more than 0 ℃, and relative air humidity is 70 ~ 85%, well-ventilated, light transmittance 50%～80%, the Breeding base on the gentle slope of half cloudy half light.
(3) transplant planting:
The candidum tissue culturing seedling that the cultivation domestication is finished is transplanted into field planting; The field planting management is that temperature is controlled at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Because dendrobium candidum self-sow speed is slow, regularly applies fertilizer and improve Growth of Dendrobium candidum speed simultaneously, mainly apply the inorganic fertilizer and the fertilizer that contain N, P, K element; Inorganic fertilizer (urea, fused calcium magnesium phosphate etc.) need to add water and dissolve, and concentration is controlled at 1.0 ~ 1.5g/L; Fertilizer (rapeseed cake fertilizer) need to carry out fragmentation, and fertilization time is the vegetative period in annual 4 ~ October, every fertilising in 15 ~ 20 days once; Note during this time the extermination of disease and insect pest.
Adopting the survival rate of the transplant planting of this method dendrobium candidum is more than 85%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method, it comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of planting material:
The percentage by weight of each component of planting material is: coal briquette waste residue 18 ~ 20%, wood chip 20 ~ 23%, bacterium chaff 60 ~ 65%;
Disinfect the early stage of wood chip: with the wood chip fetched first available 40% formalin spray disinfection, through just having obtained the sterilization wood chip after the formaldehyde volatilization after 10 ~ 14 days, for subsequent use.
The compound method of planting material is: the rear mixing stack retting of first coal briquette waste residue, bacterium chaff fully being crushed, and for subsequent use; Wood chip after will sterilizing again adds phosphate fertilizer and the biogas liquid fertilizer mixes stack up, uses the plastic film closure surface again, short its fermentation; After fermenting first 25 ~ 30 days, the film of raising covering is added into the biogas liquid fertilizer, builds film again and carries out secondary fermentation, and secondary fermentation was finished after 10 ~ 15 days; At last the coal briquette waste residue behind the stack retting, bacterium chaff are mixed into planting material with the wood chip that fermentation is finished.
(2) cultivate domestication:
Will be between candidum tissue culturing seedling plant at detoxification ginger kind Breeding base and cultivate domestication, and apply planting material that step (1) prepares as base manure, the temperature of control Breeding base is at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Keep ventilation, sunshade; Cultivate domestication after 45 ~ 60 days, candidum tissue culturing seedling grows 2 ~ 3 sproutings, and blade is dense, the leaf look dark green.
It is abundant that detoxification ginger kind Breeding base is chosen in rainfall, has a moderate climate, and height above sea level is more than 1000, average temperature of the whole year is 15 ~ 16 ℃, and winter temperature is more than 0 ℃, and relative air humidity is 70 ~ 85%, the well-ventilated, light transmittance 50%～80%, the detoxification ginger kind Breeding base on the gentle slope of half cloudy half light.
(3) transplant planting:
Because dendrobium candidum self-sow speed is slow, regularly applies fertilizer and improve Growth of Dendrobium candidum speed simultaneously, mainly apply the inorganic fertilizer and the fertilizer that contain N, P, K element; Inorganic fertilizer (urea, fused calcium magnesium phosphate etc.) need to add water and dissolve, and concentration is controlled at 1.0 ~ 1.5g/L; Fertilizer (tea seed cake is fertile) need to carry out fragmentation, and fertilization time is the vegetative period in annual 4 ~ October, every fertilising in 20 ~ 30 days once; Note during this time the extermination of disease and insect pest.First pesticide and disinfectant being carried out in the land for growing field crops before the field planting processes.
Adopting the survival rate of the transplant planting of this method dendrobium candidum is more than 85%.
Claims (5)
1. candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of planting material: the percentage by weight of each component of planting material is: coal briquette waste residue 15 ~ 20%, wood chip 20 ~ 25% bacterium chaffs 55 ~ 65%; Compound method is: the rear mixing stack retting of first coal briquette waste residue, bacterium chaff fully being crushed, and for subsequent use; Wood chip after will sterilizing again adds phosphate fertilizer and fertilizer mixes stack up, uses the film closure surface again, short its fermentation; After fermenting first 25 ~ 35 days, the film of raising covering adds liquid fertilizer, builds film again and carries out secondary fermentation, and secondary fermentation was finished after 7 ~ 15 days; At last the coal briquette waste residue behind the stack retting, bacterium chaff are mixed into planting material with the wood chip that fermentation is finished;
(2) cultivate domestication: will plant at Breeding base between candidum tissue culturing seedling and cultivate domestication, and apply planting material that step (1) prepares as base manure, the temperature of control Breeding base is at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Keep ventilation, sunshade; Cultivate domestication after 45 ~ 60 days, candidum tissue culturing seedling grows 2 ~ 3 sproutings, and blade is dense, the leaf look dark green;
(3) transplant planting: will cultivate the candidum tissue culturing seedling finished of domestication and be transplanted into field planting; The field planting management is that temperature is controlled at 15 ~ 30 ℃, and air humidity is 70 ~ 85%; Because dendrobium candidum self-sow speed is slow, regularly applies fertilizer and improve Growth of Dendrobium candidum speed simultaneously, mainly apply the inorganic fertilizer and the fertilizer that contain N, P, K element; Described inorganic fertilizer need to add water and dissolve, and concentration is controlled at 1.0 ~ 1.5g/L; Described fertilization time is the vegetative period in annual 4 ~ October, every fertilising in 15 ~ 30 days once; Note during this time the extermination of disease and insect pest.
2. candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sterilization wood chip in the described step (1) refers to that the wood chip fetched sprays disinfection with 40% formalin first, through just having obtained the sterilization wood chip after the formaldehyde volatilization after 7 ~ 14 days.
3. candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is abundant that the Breeding base in the described step (2) is chosen in rainfall, have a moderate climate, height above sea level is more than 1000, and average temperature of the whole year is 15 ~ 16 ℃, and winter temperature is more than 0 ℃, relative air humidity is 70 ~ 85%, the well-ventilated, light transmittance is 50%～80%, the Breeding base on the gentle slope of half cloudy half light.
4. candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fertilizer is cake fertilizer, biogas manure or compost.
5. candidum tissue culturing seedling domesticating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: first pesticide and disinfectant is carried out in the land for growing field crops before the field planting in the described step (3) and process.
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| CN103503753A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-15 | 贺州市农村技术发展中心 | Method for planting dendrobium officinale |
| CN103524158A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-22 | 贺州市农村技术发展中心 | Preparation method of dendrobium candidum planting matrix |
| CN104094819A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江大学 | Factory-like plug seedling method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN105075819A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-25 | 广西健宝石斛有限责任公司 | Household planting method of Dendrobium officinale |
| CN105941107A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-21 | 凌云县长生仙草生物科技开发有限公司 | Planting substrate for dendrobium officinale and preparation method for planting substrate |
| CN106359039A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 贵定县绿春农业发展有限公司 | Dendrobium nobile domestication technology |
| CN106718712A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | A kind of method that candidum tissue culturing seedling transplants domestication |
| CN110073958A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 梅州农业学校(梅州市理工学校)(梅州市工业学校) | One kind is for dendrobium candidum tissue cultivating seedling without matrix domesticating cultivation method |
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| CN104094819A (en) * | 2013-04-07 | 2014-10-15 | 浙江大学 | Factory-like plug seedling method of dendrobium officinale |
| CN103503753A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2014-01-15 | 贺州市农村技术发展中心 | Method for planting dendrobium officinale |
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| CN105075819A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-11-25 | 广西健宝石斛有限责任公司 | Household planting method of Dendrobium officinale |
| CN105941107A (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2016-09-21 | 凌云县长生仙草生物科技开发有限公司 | Planting substrate for dendrobium officinale and preparation method for planting substrate |
| CN106359039A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 贵定县绿春农业发展有限公司 | Dendrobium nobile domestication technology |
| CN106718712A (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2017-05-31 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | A kind of method that candidum tissue culturing seedling transplants domestication |
| CN106718712B (en) * | 2016-11-10 | 2020-11-24 | 四川省农业科学院经济作物育种栽培研究所 | Method for transplanting and domesticating dendrobium officinale tissue culture seedlings |
| CN110073958A (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2019-08-02 | 梅州农业学校(梅州市理工学校)(梅州市工业学校) | One kind is for dendrobium candidum tissue cultivating seedling without matrix domesticating cultivation method |
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