CN102603430A - Compost tea for improving soil hardness and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Compost tea for improving soil hardness and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compost tea for improving the soil hardness and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. The preparation method of the compost tea suitable for improving the hardness soil comprises three parts: material selection, preparation process and quality index selection. The applying method of the compost tea comprises the step of selecting parameters of applying condition, applying time and applying amount. The preparation method of the compost tea has the advantages of easily obtained materials, lower cost, simple preparation process and simple applying method. The preparation of the improved hardened soil of the compost tea has the advantages of high efficiency and short time, and the crumb structure of the hardened soil is remarkably improved 40-50 days after the application of the compost tea. Chemically synthesized substances are not needed in the materials, and the compost tea solution prepared is pollution-free to the environment, thereby conforming to the need of agricultural sustainable development.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil improvement technical field, particularly a kind of compost tea that improves soil compaction and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
(1) soil compaction is a major issue that faces in the agricultural sustainable development process
Along with the pay attention to day by day of countries in the world, the sustainability of soil throughput is had higher requirement to agricultural sustainable development.Have a large population, plough less in China, face under the severe situation of grain security especially, how to ensure that the Sustainable Production ability of soil is particularly important.Soil compaction is one of Soil degradation important behaviour, and sublayer soil compaction particularly, restriction root system of plant be to underground growth, and is few and evaporate that soil compaction has a strong impact on plant to absorption of water under the big situation as running into rainfall in the plant-growth middle and later periods.Arid maybe limiting plant growth and output formation.Deep ploughing often is used to slow down soil compaction, but the effect of deep ploughing is comparatively of short duration and energy and time cost are higher.Deep ploughing slows down soil compaction and has also destroyed the top layer covering that no-tillage for many years management development gets up, and has also increased the soil erosion and the native risk that hardens of table.
(2) compost tea be harden that the improvement of soil provides maybe
Compost tea refers to the water extract that the organic materials of decomposition reactor system obtains by fermentation; Not only contain a large amount of useful microbes; Also contain a large amount of nutrients, its principle is in making compost tea process, to add the food of specified microorganisms, makes the soil food web healthy more.In recent years, effect and the application of compost tea in Organic farming admitted gradually, and reason is to use the compost tea set that following advantage is arranged: (1) suppresses disease or improves crop disease-resistant property, with enhancing crop health and the demand of minimizing to sterilant; (2) for plant provides water miscible nutrient, to reduce fertilizer demand and to reduce cost; (3) increase soil microbial biomass and variety,, promote root system and plant-growth to improve Soil structure, water-retentivity.As far back as the twenties in 20th century, European gardeners just soak seed and spray to increase soil fertility with compost tea, prevent and treat broken sick.Up to 20th century the mid-80, some scientists of the U.S. just begin compost tea is studied, and in some organic farms, are applied.External at present research and the application to compost tea mostly lays particular emphasis on its control effect to disease and pest, and still rare for the research of its nutritive validity, its report in soil improvement lacks more.
(3) making of compost tea and the application in the soil improvement of hardening thereof will provide new approach for agricultural sustainable development
In view of compost tea in the plurality of advantages of agricultural application, through making the harden improvement of soil of high-quality compost tea, will new approach be provided for agricultural sustainable development.Because different types of soil microorganisms role in soil is different; There is bigger difference to improving Soil structure; Prescription through regulating compost tea helps improving the high quality compost tea of Soil structure and optimizes its application process to produce, and for solving the soil compaction problem that occurs in the agricultural sustainable development process new method is provided.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above technical problem, design provides a kind of be specially adapted to improve harden compost tea and the making and the application process of soil aggregate.This method is simple to operation, and cost is low, and improved effect is fast.This method is applicable to that the paddy rice water in field changes drought, and unit weights such as red clay, Shajiang black soil are loose than big soil, the no-tillage fertilizing of perennial crops such as tealeaves, fruit tree and soil improvement.
The making of the compost tea of the soil improvement that is suitable for hardening of the present invention contains material selection, making processes and quality index and chooses three parts; The application process of compost tea comprises the selection of parameter of application conditions, time of application and amount of application.
The preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction of the present invention is:
Step 1: with the compost mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.08-0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h; Ventilation 20-60min; Remove that to add mass ratio behind the chlorine be 1: (1.5-5.0): molasses (1.5-4.5), seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in the step 1 is put into water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: (10-40); It is the 1-5% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilating in the solution, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, preferred 25-30 ℃, through 24-48 hour, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement are satisfied in described compost selection, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
The application process of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes is: the compost tea that improves soil compaction that makes was finished using in 6 hours, and every mu amount of application is 10-20L, used after the water dilution of 50-250 times of quality of adding.
Compost tea after the dilution directly is poured onto crop root, perhaps adopts drip irrigation system.
Beneficial effect: 1) material of the making of the compost tea among the present invention very easily obtains, and cost is lower, and making processes is simple, and application process is easy; 2) the present invention improves the efficient height of the soil that hardens, and the time is short, and compost tea waters the crumb structure of the soil that hardens after about 40-50 days significantly to be improved; 3) raw material that the present invention adopted does not add the chemosynthesis material, and the compost tea solution environmentally safe of producing meets the agricultural sustainable development needs.
Description of drawings
Among Fig. 1: the embodiment 2 mortar black earth soil add compost tea after 45 days with the soil stdn average equivalent diameter NMWD value of not adding the soil control sample of compost tea.
The papaya transplantation of seedlings is used compost tea and is not used the result of the inside and outside soil weight of tree crown of compost tea in Fig. 2: the embodiment 3 latosol papaya orchards after 6 months.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: with the compost mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min removes that to add mass ratio behind the chlorine be 1: 4: 3 molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 20; It is 2% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 24 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement are satisfied in described compost selection, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction that makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Rice soil is used compost tea plantation tomato tomato living weight and Soil structure situation after 40 days: growing vegetables requires loose soil; And as yet not the rice soil of slaking comparatively harden usually and be unfavorable for vegetable growth; Tomato is planted in experiment on rice soil, the above-mentioned compost tea that makes of pouring under the situation that reduces fertilizer input 50%, and the compost tea of making was finished using in 6 hours; Every mu amount of application is 20L; Directly be poured onto the tomato root after the water dilution of 100 times of quality of adding, through 40 days, the processing of upgrowth situation of tomato and living weight and traditional fertilization (100% chemical fertilizer) did not have statistical difference; Simultaneously, the soil aggregate of compost tea processing obviously is superior to the traditional fertilization processing.Experiment shows that the compost tea and the method for use planting vegetable on the soil that hardens that adopt the present invention to make not only can be improved the soil that hardens (forming good soil aggregate), and can reduce the input amount of chemical fertilizer.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: with the compost mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.15mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.2L/h, and ventilation 30min removes that to add mass ratio behind the chlorine be 1: 3: 2 molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 10; It is 3% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 36 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement are satisfied in described compost selection, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction that makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Compost tea adds the influence (soil was cultivated 45 days) to mortar black earth Soil structure:
Shajiang black soil is the soil that typically hardens, and it has bad attributes such as soil construction is bad, and soil physical property is poor, and nutrient content is low.The characteristics of its soil construction are arable layers shallow (general about 12 centimetres) and more loose, plough sole thick (general 15-20 centimetre) and consolidation, and the main performance of physical behavior difference is; Except that arable layer was granular texture, soil body fusiform structure was flourishing, and soil layer is solid; The soil weight is bigger, arable layer 1.4g/cm
3About, all the other soil layers all more than, soil total porosity and aeration porosity are all less, arable layer is respectively about 47% and 8%, about 45% and 2%, transparent performance is very poor respectively for all the other soil layers, plough sole is one deck watertight layer basically.In mechanical composition, the arable layer clay content is lower than plough sole and sand ginger layer, average out to 22.95%, and flour sand layer content is higher, generally more than 57%.The characteristics of this soil construction and physical behavior, the reflection on agricultural tillage is: hard when doing, muddy when wet, bad tilth is fitted the phase of ploughing short (3-5 days).
Stdn average equivalent diameter (NMWD value) is an index weighing soil agreegate stability, and its value is low more, and expression coacervate stability is more little.Present embodiment adopts and supplies examination soil-Shajiang black soil to carry out the experiment of soil constant temperature culture.Take by weighing 150g soil; Setting is treated to: compost tea is handled and contrast, and compost tea is used 100ml/kg, and residual moisture is supplied with deionized water; Soil moisture content is adjusted to 60% of water-retaining quantity among field of soil; Plastic cup seals with the vinyon preservative film, and stays an aperture in the middle of the preservative film, so that gaseous interchange and prevent that moisture loss is excessive.Place 25 ℃ constant incubator to cultivate in beaker, whenever weighed 1 time at a distance from 3 days and keep the skin wet, to keep soil moisture content constant.Culture experiment continues 45 days altogether, its crumb structure of air-dry soil testing.Can be found out that by Fig. 1 compost tea adds the soil NMWD value of handling and is significantly higher than control treatment, the NMWD value comparison that compost tea is handled exceeds 19.3% according to handling.Present embodiment shows that the present invention can still can improve the crumb structure of the soil that hardens (Shajiang black soil) well under the condition of not planting plant.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1: with the compost mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.5L/h, and ventilation 30min removes that to add mass ratio behind the chlorine be 1: 2: 2 molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in the step 1 is put into water, and the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: 15; It is 1% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep the solution ventilation, outside air temperature is controlled at 25-30 ℃, through 48 hours, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
Fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement are satisfied in described compost selection, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
The Biological indicators of the above-mentioned compost tea that improves soil compaction that makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
Latosol papaya orchard compost tea is used the influence to the soil weight:
For hundreds of years, it is the basis that drought-resistant agriculture is produced that ploughshare is turned over, and ploughs in smooth, humidity and heavy soil ground and has obtained widespread use, and still, at cross country locality, frequent ploughing aggravated the soil erosion, causes the degeneration of soil soil fertility.No-tillage have reduce labour intensity and time, reduce that mechanical loss reduces fuel cost, reduces the soil erosion, keeps soil moisture, provides tilth to a soil, improves soil water penetrating quality, increases soil organic matter content, minimizing CO
2Discharging and atmospheric pollution, arable land continuity characteristics such as use, increase farmers' income.Therefore, the development no-tillage technology is optimal selection lasting and profitable agriculture.Root is hindered in perennial planting fruit trees process deep ploughing easily, for pathogenic bacteria gets into fruit tree chance is provided, thereby has influenced the growth of crop.
Latosol be soil in tropical rain forest or the monsoonal forest under tropical monsoon climate, the deep red soil that the rich aluminium of intensity develops into bioconcentration takes place, its soil layer is deep, the sticking weight of quality, clay content is up to more than 60%.Experiment is watered 2 times the above-mentioned compost tea that makes every month to latosol papaya orchard; Every mu amount of application is 20L; Employing in preceding 3 months is watered in the papaya root after adding 200 times of quality water dilution compost tea after the field planting, waters in the papaya root after 4th month begins to adopt 100 times of quality water of adding to dilute the compost tea after the field planting.Fig. 2 shows the result of papaya transplantation of seedlings inside and outside soil weight of compost tea and control treatment tree crown after 6 months, adopts compost tea to handle that the soil weight significantly is lower than the outer and control treatment of tree crown in the papaya tree crown.Present embodiment shows that new technology can be improved the latosol soil aggregate, and in the orchard is no-tillage, obtains good result.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction is characterized in that, its concrete preparation process is:
Step 1: with the compost mesh diameter of packing into is in the mesh bag of 0.08-0.50mm;
Step 2: add water in the container, ventpipe is placed container bottom, 1m
3The aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h; Ventilation 20-60min; Remove that to add mass ratio behind the chlorine be 1: (1.5-5.0): molasses (1.5-4.5), seaweed powder and humic acid, then the mesh bag that installs compost in the step 1 is put into water, the mass ratio of compost and water is 1: (10-40); It is the 1-5% of compost quality that molasses, seaweed powder and humic acid add total mass;
Step 3: avoid the high light direct projection in the lixiviate fermenting process, keep ventilating in the solution, outside air temperature is controlled at 20-35 ℃, preferred 25-30 ℃, through 24-48 hour, makes the compost tea that improves soil compaction.
2. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Fertilizer NY525-2011 and biological organic fertilizer standard NY 884-2004 requirement are satisfied in described compost selection, and Biological indicators are: activated bacterial >=15 μ g/mg, whole bacterium >=15 μ g/mg, activity fungal >=10 μ g/mg and whole fungi >=200 μ g/mg.
3. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 1; It is characterized in that the Biological indicators of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes are: activated bacterial >=10 μ g/ml, whole bacterium >=150 μ g/ml, activity fungal >=10 μ g/ml and whole fungi >=20 μ g/ml.
4. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The application process of the compost tea that improves soil compaction that step 3 makes is: the compost tea that improves soil compaction that makes was finished using in 6 hours; Every mu amount of application is 10-20L, uses after the water dilution of 50-250 times of quality of adding.
5. a kind of preparation method who improves the compost tea of soil compaction according to claim 4 is characterized in that the compost tea after the dilution directly is poured onto crop root, perhaps adopts drip irrigation system.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN103214285A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-07-24 | 宁夏大学 | Preparation method of novel full-nutrition compost tea microporous fermentation package |
| CN105330486A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Biocontrol synergistic nutrient package fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof |
| CN105367345A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for improving soil hardening, and application method thereof |
| CN105367178A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Nutrient package fertilizer with disease preventing function special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof |
| CN105367177A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for drop and spray irrigation, and application method thereof |
| CN105384569A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-09 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Nematode control nutritional matched fertilizer specially used for eggplant and fruit greenhouse vegetables, and application method thereof |
| CN107586215A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-16 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Prevent and treat the compost tea preparation and application of strawberry Verticillium wilt |
| KR20200079675A (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-06 | 강원도 | Compost tea using functional compost, method of manufacturing the same and use of the same |
| CN112135807A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-25 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
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| CN103214285A (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2013-07-24 | 宁夏大学 | Preparation method of novel full-nutrition compost tea microporous fermentation package |
| CN103214285B (en) * | 2013-01-28 | 2015-08-05 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of preparation method of novel full-nutrition compost tea micropore fermentation bag |
| CN105330486A (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-17 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Biocontrol synergistic nutrient package fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof |
| CN105330486B (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy |
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| CN105367178A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Nutrient package fertilizer with disease preventing function special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof |
| CN105367345A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-02 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | Solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for improving soil hardening, and application method thereof |
| CN105367345B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-04 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration of improvement soil hardening |
| CN105367178B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-25 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient sets fertilizer with controlling disease and method of administration |
| CN105367177B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2019-06-25 | 金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司 | A kind of drop sprinkling irrigation solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer and its method of administration |
| CN107586215A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-01-16 | 山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心 | Prevent and treat the compost tea preparation and application of strawberry Verticillium wilt |
| CN112135807A (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-12-25 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
| CN112135807B (en) * | 2018-09-10 | 2022-06-14 | 瓦列里·A·沙皮罗 | Preparation method of concentrated soil solution |
| KR20200079675A (en) | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-06 | 강원도 | Compost tea using functional compost, method of manufacturing the same and use of the same |
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