CN105367345A - Solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for improving soil hardening, and application method thereof - Google Patents
Solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for improving soil hardening, and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer used for improving soil hardening, and an application method thereof. The solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer is composed of 15 to 36% of compost tea, 57 to 72% of major element phosphorus nitrate-potassium sulphate composite fertilizer, 6 to 14% of a soil conditioner, and 0.1 to 0.3% of a leaf fertilizer. The solanaceous greenhouse vegetable special-purpose nutritional compound fertilizer is capable of satisfying requirements of solanaceous greenhouse vegetables at different stages of growth period after transplanting on nutrients; compost tea comprises a large amount of organic matters and microbial communities; supplying and activation of soil nutrients can be realized via supplying of soil organic matters and metabolic activity of microorganisms, and soil structure is improved effectively. Soil fertilization is realized via gradual adding of compost tea, and environmental risk caused by large amount application of farmyard manure in one time is avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of nutrient set of fertilizer, particularly one meets facilities vegetable different steps breeding time to nutrient requirement, has the special meal fertilizer of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable improving soil compaction effect simultaneously, belongs to vegetable fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
Solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable refers to fruit vegetables (vegetables using berry as the edible part) crop in plant of Solanaceae, and mainly comprising cucumber, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, summer squash etc., is one of most important fruit vegetables of China.Solanaceous vegetables belongs to one dimensional infinite wall, every year can repeatedly solid, repeatedly gather, a large amount of nutrients of soil can be taken away.
The a large amount of for a long time input of agrochemicals is the major reason of China in Recent Years facilities vegetable intensive manufacture sustained, stable growth, but chemical fertilizer and the excessive of agricultural chemicals are used, add irrational water and fertilizer management mode, as broad irrigation, wash away, destroy Soil structure, cause soil weight increase, porosity reduction, soil compaction, and then affect the workability of soil, final cause vegetables and to be punished for being related to obstacle, seriously constrain health and the Sustainable development of vegetable production in green house.
The ordinary method improving soil compaction is appropriateness deep ploughing and applying organic manure.But the former effect is not lasting and time-consumingly take a lot of work, and the latter adds fertilizer leaching, causes the risk of environmental pollution.
Chinese patent literature CN102603430B (application number 201210112914.8) provides a kind of compost tea improving soil compaction and preparation method thereof.This compost tea is with flooding by compost tea bag, a large amount of beneficial microorganism contained in vat liquor and organic nutrient substance are conducive to the formation of soil aggregate, ventilation property and the water holding capacity of black clay unit weight and lifting mortar black soil can be reduced, effectively can improve Soil structure.This compost tea, can in the different steps use of vegetables breeding time as the useful supplement of conventional composite fertilizer.But in production practice, peasant household lacks necessary knowledge to the nutrient of compost tea and effect, this compost tea and other nutrients can not be arranged in pairs or groups scientifically and rationally and use, still there is the problem of excessive fertilization and unreasonable fertilising, even there will be and plant is caused damage.
Chinese patent literature CN101891519A (application number 201010223402.X) provides a kind of protecting field solanaceous vegetables nutrient set of fertilizer, and the fertile comprehensive nutrition of this set meal, nutrient formula is applicable to the demand of solanaceous vegetables to different growing.But also have weak point, such as do not add organic substance, life-time service can increase the weight of soil compaction.
Although the different varieties of solanaceous vegetables, crops for rotation and breeding time are also different to the kind of nutrient demand, quantity and ratio, but by practice for many years and research, the absorption of whole breeding time to Main Nutrients of distinct solanaceous vegetables dynamically meets " S " type curve, also clear and definite to the approximate range of nutrient needed for its breeding time.For physilogical characteristics and the nutrient demand characteristic of solanaceous vegetables, optimize fertilizer ratio, utilization effectively can improve the compost tea of Soil structure, formulate special set meal fertile, to while meeting solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable nutrient demand, play the effectiveness improving soil compaction, for improvement Soil structure provides terms of settlement.
Summary of the invention
Harden for solving solanaceous vegetables greenhouse vegetable soil, the problem that soil tilth declines, according to physilogical characteristics and the uptake characters of solanaceous vegetables, in conjunction with field experiment result, the invention provides a kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, can soil compaction be improved while plant nutrient requirement in the time of infertility is provided.
The present invention also provides a kind of application process improving the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer of soil compaction.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, by weight percentage, following component composition is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 72%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 14%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%.
The present invention is preferred, described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%.
Preferred according to the present invention, described compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 1% ~ 3% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:(1 ~ 0.5): (1 ~ 0.5): 1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product.
Preferred according to the present invention, feces of livestock and poultry water content is 50 ~ 60wt%; Stalk is leguminous plants, wheat, maize field crop material.Feces of livestock and poultry can be the ight soil of the domestic animals such as pig, ox, sheep or the poultry such as chicken, duck.
The present invention is preferred, and described macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 29% ~ 39% and the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 61% ~ 71%.
Preferred further, described balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer is N, P
2o
5, K
2o mass content is respectively the nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 16%, 16%, 16%, and described high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer is N, P
2o
5, K
2o mass content is respectively the nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 15%, 5%, 25%.
The present invention is preferred, containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, and magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%.
The present invention is preferred, described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 41% ~ 54%, the microelement foliage fertilizer of 46% ~ 59%.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide content 12% ~ 20%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2.5%, micronutrient levels 0.2 ~ 1%; Wherein, trace element is iron, zinc, manganese, copper, is EDTA Chelating state.
Preferred according to the present invention, in described microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state.
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, by weight percentage, following component is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 72%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 13%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%; In nutrition package fertilizer, nitrogen content is 9.1%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 5.6%, and potassium oxide content is 14.6%.
Described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%; Compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 1% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:1:1:1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product;
Described macroelement nitro fertilizer is made up of following weight percent raw material: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 29% ~ 37%, the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 63% ~ 71%;
Containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%;
Described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 46% ~ 59% and the microelement foliage fertilizer of 41% ~ 54%; Wherein, in moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide content 12% ~ 16%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2%, iron content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, zinc element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, manganese element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, boron content 0.2% ~ 1.4%, copper content 0.05 ~ 0.4%, wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state; In microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state, and the fertile different growing after tomato, cucumber etc. bear fruit unconcentrated solanaceous vegetables field planting continuously of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set of this improvement soil compaction uses.
Compost tea of the present invention is the extracting solution of organic materials after different methods lixiviate of decomposition reactor system, its producing principle is in the process of lixiviate compost, add the food source of specified microorganisms, beneficial microbe colony quantity is increased, thus makes soil microenvironment more healthy.Compost tea by the soluble organic matter lixiviate in compost out, supplements the organic matter of soil, is conducive to the formation of soil aggregate, promotes the gas permeability of soil and water holding capacity, effectively improves Soil structure; Beneficial microorganism Metabolic activity in compost tea, can nutrient in activating soil, thus promotes the root system development of plant, not only strengthens the disease resistance of plant, also can play the effect improving crop yield and oil recovery enhancement.
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, by weight percentage, following component is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 71%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 14%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%; In nutrition package fertilizer, nitrogen content is 9%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 5.8%, and potassium oxide content is 14.4%;
Described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%; Compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 3% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:0.5:0.5:1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product;
Described macroelement nitro fertilizer is made up of following weight percent raw material: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 31% ~ 39% and the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 61% ~ 69%;
Containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%;
Described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 53% ~ 58% and the microelement foliage fertilizer of 42% ~ 47%; Wherein, in moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide content 12% ~ 16%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2%, iron content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, zinc element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, manganese element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, boron content 0.2% ~ 1.4%, copper content 0.05 ~ 0.4%, wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state; In microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state, and the fertile different growing after eggplant, capsicum etc. bear fruit solanaceous vegetables field planting continuously concentrated of the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set of this improvement soil compaction uses.
The above-mentioned application process improving the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer of soil compaction, step is as follows:
Seedling stage:
Before field planting 3 ~ 7 days, be that the compost tea of 40 ~ 60L/ mu dilutes 200 times with described fresh amount of application of preparing, evenly water together with its compost and spill in soil; Amount of application to be the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 40 ~ 50kg/ mu and amount of application the be soil conditioner of 20 ~ 60kg/ mu, after the mixing of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, earthing of turning over.
After field planting 7 ~ 15 days, the 20 ~ 40L/ mu compost tea being with amount of application diluted 200 times, waters and is spread on plant root, use 1 ~ 2 time together with its compost; Be that 30 ~ 50kg/ mu balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer carries out punching and executes or spread fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch with amount of application;
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. be that 20 ~ 30L/ mu compost tea dilutes 100 times by amount of application, bearing fruit to water together with compost in phase, result initial stage and result latter stage in flowering period is spread on plant root, and 10 ~ 12 days once; In the best fruiting period, amount of application is in 20 ~ 30L/ mu compost tea, dilutes 100 times with 15 ~ 20L/ mu compost tea, waters be spread on plant root together with compost, and other 5 ~ 10L/ mu compost tea dilutes 100 times, and carry out foliage-spray, 7 ~ 10 days once.
2. to be 10 ~ 20kg/ mu high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer by amount of application in flowering period to result spread fertilizer over the fields or rush latter stage executes, and 7 ~ 15 days once.
3. microelement foliage fertilizer 50ml is diluted and 600 ~ 1200 times, carry out foliage-spray latter stage in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, result initial stage and result, within every 10 ~ 14 days, use once; Dilute 600 ~ 1200 times with moderate-element foliage fertilizer 50ml and carry out foliage-spray the best fruiting period, within every 7 ~ 10 days, use once.
Earthing of turning over is prior art, carries out according to peasant habit.
The above each component raw material is commercial goods, and wherein balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16%-16%-16%), high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15%-5%-25%) and Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer are on sale on the market.The above compost tea is except by except prior art preparation, also can buying compost tea bag from market, be directly used in the preparation of compost tea.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
(1) nutrition is effective fast
Nitrate-based compound fertilizer in set meal fertilizer disclosed by the invention, for plant growth provides macroelement, nitrogen form is wherein nitric nitrogen and the ammonia-state nitrogen that plant is easy to absorption, and nutrient more easily absorbs, and onset is rapid, promotes robust plant; Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer supplements rapidly required moderate-element and trace element at crop generative growth phase, effectively avoids because picking fruit takes away a large amount of nutrient and causes nutritional deficiency symptom, improves crop yield and quality.
(2) improve soil compaction, improvement soil
Compost tea part in set meal fertilizer disclosed by the invention, containing large amount of organic matter and microorganism species, by the Metabolic activity of microorganism, can supplement and the nutrient of activating soil, contribute to the formation of soil aggregate, promote the gas permeability of soil and water holding capacity, effectively improve Soil structure.
(3) reduce the environmental risk that fertilizer leaching brings, reduce the wasting of resources
Compost tea part in set meal fertilizer provided by the invention, supplementing as the soil organism, successively apply according to the Different growth phases of solanaceous vegetables, be different from peasant a large amount of organic farm manure is turned over once to bury, reduce the environmental risk that fertilizer leaching brings, decrease the waste of resource simultaneously.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail, but be not limited thereto.
In embodiment, using of fertilizer is a mu consumption.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 76kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) 100kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 240kg, soil conditioner 60kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.75L altogether.
76kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 36kg, stalk 20kg, weeds 20kg are obtained.
Seedling stage:
1. first 3 days of field planting, dilutes 200 times with the 40L compost tea of fresh preparation, waters and spill in soil surface together with compost; 50kg balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) and 60kg soil conditioner are mixed in field, spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, earthing of turning over.
2. field planting is after 7 days, 20L compost tea is diluted 200 times and waters and spill in plant root, and compost can continue fermentation or add water evenly to water to spill in field planting ditch, and 15 ~ 20 days once, totally 2 times; 50kg balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) punching is executed or evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch.
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. 20L compost tea is diluted 100 times, bearing fruit to water together with compost in phase, result initial stage and result latter stage in flowering period is spread on plant root, and 10 ~ 12 days once; In the best fruiting period, in 20L compost tea, dilute 100 times with 15L compost tea, water together with compost and be spread on plant root, 5L compost tea dilutes 100 times in addition, carries out foliage-spray, and 7 ~ 10 days once.
2. in the phase of bearing fruit to result of blooming with high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) spread fertilizer over the fields or rush latter stage and execute, 7 ~ 10 days once, each 20kg.
3. with 50ml microelement foliage fertilizer dilution 1000 ~ 1200 times, carry out foliage-spray latter stage in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, result initial stage and result, 10 ~ 14 days once; Moderate-element foliage fertilizer is diluted 600 times, and carry out foliage-spray, each 50ml in the result phase of containing, 7 ~ 10 days once.
According to prior art, the compost tea used time all needs preparation in 2 days in advance, finishes using after having prepared in 6 hours.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 97kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 85kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) 180kg, soil conditioner 40kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.75L altogether.
86kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 40kg, stalk 23kg, weeds 23kg are obtained.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. first 4 days of field planting, the amount of application of compost tea, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and soil conditioner is respectively 50L, 45kg and 40kg.
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of compost tea and balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is respectively 30L and 40kg.Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. compost tea amount of application is 25L; In the best fruiting period, 25L compost tea spills the consumption executed with foliage-spray and is respectively 18L and 7L.
2. each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) is 15kg.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 118kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) 70kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (20-10-24) 120kg, soil conditioner 20kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.85L altogether.
118kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 50kg, stalk 34kg, weeds 34kg are obtained.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. first 5 days of field planting, the amount of application of compost tea, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) and soil conditioner is respectively 60L, 40kg and 20kg.
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of compost tea and balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) is respectively 40L and 30kg.Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. compost tea amount of application is 30L; In the best fruiting period, 30L compost tea spills the consumption executed with foliage-spray and is respectively 20L and 10L.
2. each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (20-10-24) is 10kg.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 72kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) 100kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) 220kg, soil conditioner 60kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.7L altogether.
72kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 35kg, stalk 21kg, weeds 21kg are obtained.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. first 6 days of field planting, the amount of application of compost tea, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) and soil conditioner is respectively 40L, 50kg and 60kg.
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of compost tea and balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (14-14-14) is respectively 20L and 50kg, and wherein, compost tea application times is 1 time.
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. compost tea amount of application is 20L; In the best fruiting period, 20L compost tea spills the consumption executed with foliage-spray and is respectively 15L and 5L.
2. each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) is 20kg.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 91kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 85kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) 165kg, soil conditioner 40kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.7L altogether.
91kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 51kg, stalk 20kg, weeds 20kg are obtained.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. first 7 days of field planting, the amount of application of compost tea, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and soil conditioner is respectively 50L, 45kg and 40kg.
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of compost tea and balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is respectively 30L and 40kg, and wherein, compost tea application times is 1 time.
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. compost tea amount of application is 25L; In the best fruiting period, 25L compost tea spills the consumption executed with foliage-spray and is respectively 18L and 7L.
2. each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-5-24) is 15kg.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction, every mu of consumption comprises compost tea 110kg, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) 70kg, high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) 110kg, soil conditioner 20kg, Medium-microelements foliage fertilizer is 0.7L altogether.
110kg compost tea raw material: feces of livestock and poultry 50kg, stalk 30kg, weeds 30kg are obtained.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. first 7 days of field planting, the amount of application of compost tea, balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) and soil conditioner is respectively 60L, 40kg and 20kg.
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of compost tea and balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (16-16-16) is respectively 40L and 30kg, and wherein, compost tea application times is 1 time.
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. compost tea amount of application is 30L; In the best fruiting period, 30L compost tea spills the consumption executed with foliage-spray and is respectively 20L and 10L.
2. each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer (15-5-25) is 10kg.
Test example:
The facilities vegetable application experiment of above embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example:
Test site:
The Dong Du village, Liaocheng of Shandong Province town Ma Zhuan, Wang Fangtou village, Chong Gou town, Linyi
Test period:
In year April in November, 2014 to 2015, greenhouse is cultivated.
For examination vegetable variety:
Tomato (Jinpeng M3) and capsicum (agricultural university 21)
Two test points use the fertilizer of embodiment 1 ~ 3 and embodiment 4 ~ 6 respectively, and test kind is respectively tomato (Jinpeng M3) and capsicum (agricultural university 21).Comparative example:
Common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide mass content are respectively 17%, 17%, 17%; Punching fertilising, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide mass content are respectively 16%, 6%, 24%, and 5000kg farm manure.The comparative example fertilization ratio fertilizing method of each test point is peasant habit method: namely spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface by whole common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and farm manure before ploughing, then turn over and bury, and punching fertilising is executed in the punching of vegetables fruiting period, and 7 ~ 14 days once.The fertilizer and the application process cultivated tomato (Jinpeng M3) that adopt comparative example are comparative example 1, adopt the fertilizer of comparative example and application process cultivated peppers (agricultural university 21) to be comparative example 2.Comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are carried out 2 test points respectively, are respectively tomato (Zhongza 101) and eggplant (No. 3, Su Qi) for examination vegetable variety.The comparative example fertilization ratio fertilizing method of each test point is peasant habit method: namely spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface by whole common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and farm manure before ploughing, then turn over and bury, and punching fertilising is executed in the punching of vegetables fruiting period, and 7 ~-1014 days once.Field planting is after 40 days, each embodiment and comparative example community randomly draw 20 plant measure plant heights and stem thick; After experiment terminates, measure each community fruit yield.
Use the present invention and the effectiveness comparison of common S-based compound fertilizer to tomato and pepper cultivation proterties is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, use tomato and the pepper plant of special nutrient set fertilizer provided by the invention, transplant after 40 days, the individual plant fruit yield that plant height, stem are thick and final and ultimate production are all higher than the common S-based compound fertilizer of routine; The results of analysis of variance shows, the plant height of tomato and pepper plant with stem slightly compared with respective comparative example, reach pole significant difference level, individual plant fruit yield and ultimate production reach significant difference level, show that solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable uses nutrition package fertilizer early growth speed of the present invention fast, growth potential is comparatively strong, although a large amount of nutrients taken away in soil of gathering continuously of later stage fruit, but meal fertilizer nutritional supplementation of the present invention is timely and effective, whole output is caused to increase.
2, the composition of soil agreegate and fundamental characteristics are the key indexs determining the soil erosion, compacting, the physical process such as to harden and effect, are the key indexs of soil fertility and evaluation soil quality.Stdn equivalent diameter (NMWD value) weighs an important indicator of soil aggregate stability, and its value is lower, represents that the stability of coacervate is less.The soil of embodiment and comparative example is cinnamon soil, after crop harvesting, takes 150g soil at random, its crumb structure of air-dry soil testing, and testing standard equivalent diameter the results are shown in Table shown in 2:
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil NMWD value that embodiment 1 ~ 6 processes is significantly higher than the soil of comparative example process, on average reaches 17.9%, shows to use the situation that hardens that solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of the present invention fertilizer effectively improves protecting field soil.
Above-described embodiment is better embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention; all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, combination, simplification, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set improving soil compaction is fertile, by weight percentage, following component composition is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 72%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 14%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%.
2. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%; Described compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 1% ~ 3% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:(1 ~ 0.5): (1 ~ 0.5): 1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product, and feces of livestock and poultry water content is 50 ~ 60wt%; Stalk is leguminous plants, wheat, maize field crop material.
3. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 29% ~ 39% and the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 61% ~ 71%.
4. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer is N, P
2o
5, K
2o mass content is respectively the nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 16%, 16%, 16%, and described high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer is N, P
2o
5, K
2o mass content is respectively the nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 15%, 5%, 25%.
5. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that, containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, and magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%.
6. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 41% ~ 54%, the microelement foliage fertilizer of 46% ~ 59%.
7. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, in described moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide content 12% ~ 20%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2.5%, micronutrient levels 0.2 ~ 1%; Wherein, trace element is iron, zinc, manganese, copper, is EDTA Chelating state; In described microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state.
8. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, by weight percentage, following component is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 72%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 13%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%; In nutrition package fertilizer, nitrogen content is 9.1%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 5.6%, and potassium oxide content is 14.6%;
Described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%; Compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 1% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:1:1:1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product;
Described macroelement nitro fertilizer is made up of following weight percent raw material: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 29% ~ 37%, the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 63% ~ 71%;
Containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%;
Described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 46% ~ 59% and the microelement foliage fertilizer of 41% ~ 54%; Wherein, in moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide content 12% ~ 16%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2%, iron content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, zinc element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, manganese element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, boron content 0.2% ~ 1.4%, copper content 0.05 ~ 0.4%, wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state; In microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state, fertile use breeding time after tomato, cucumber etc. bear fruit unconcentrated solanaceous vegetables field planting continuously of solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set of this improvement soil compaction.
9. the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer improving soil compaction according to claim 1, by weight percentage, following component is comprised: compost tea 15% ~ 36%, macroelement nitrate-based compound fertilizer 57% ~ 71%, soil conditioner 6% ~ 14%, foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.3%; In nutrition package fertilizer, nitrogen content is 9%, and phosphorus pentoxide content is 5.8%, and potassium oxide content is 14.4%;
Described compost tea raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: feces of livestock and poultry 40% ~ 60%, stalk 20% ~ 30%, weeds 20% ~ 30%; Compost tea obtains as follows: be mixed in proportion by each for compost tea raw material, compost tea bag with holes is made after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, compost tea bag is put into the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine, add the mixture of molasses that total mass is 3% of compost quality, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid, the mass ratio of molasses, fish hydrolysate, seaweed powder and humic acid is 1:0.5:0.5:1, keep ventilation, 1m
3the aeration rate of water is 0.2-0.8L/h, and lixiviate is filtering supernatant after 2 days, to obtain final product;
Described macroelement nitro fertilizer is made up of following weight percent raw material: the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 31% ~ 39% and the high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 61% ~ 69%;
Containing calcium oxide 30% ~ 35% in described soil conditioner, magnesium oxide 15% ~ 18%;
Described leaf fertilizer raw material and raw material weight degree as follows: the moderate-element foliage fertilizer of 53% ~ 58% and the microelement foliage fertilizer of 42% ~ 47%; Wherein, in moderate-element foliage fertilizer: calcium oxide element 12% ~ 16%, content of magnesia 1.5% ~ 2%, iron content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, zinc element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, manganese element content 0.05% ~ 0.4%, boron content 0.2% ~ 1.4%, copper content 0.05 ~ 0.4%, wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state; In microelement foliage fertilizer: iron content 1% ~ 1.2%, manganese element content 1% ~ 1.2%, boron content 1.2% ~ 1.6%, zinc element content 0.55% ~ 1%, copper content 0.2 ~ 0.4%; Wherein, iron, zinc, manganese, copper are EDTA Chelating state, the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set of this improvement soil compaction fertile after eggplant, capsicum etc. bear fruit solanaceous vegetables field planting continuously concentrated breeding time use.
10. the application process improving the solanaceous vegetables facilities vegetable special nutrient set fertilizer of soil compaction according to claim 1, step is as follows:
Seedling stage:
Before field planting 3 ~ 7 days, be that the compost tea of 40 ~ 60L/ mu dilutes 200 times with described fresh amount of application of preparing, evenly water together with its compost and spill in soil; Amount of application to be the balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer of 40 ~ 50kg/ mu and amount of application be 20 ~ 60kg/ mu soil conditioner, after the mixing of field, spreads fertilizer over the fields in soil surface, earthing of turning over.
After field planting 7 ~ 15 days, the 20 ~ 40L/ mu compost tea being with amount of application diluted 200 times, waters and is spread on plant root, use 1 ~ 2 time together with its compost; Be that 30 ~ 50kg/ mu balanced type nitrate-based compound fertilizer carries out punching and executes or spread fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch with amount of application;
Flowering period-result latter stage:
1. be that 20 ~ 30L/ mu compost tea dilutes 100 times by amount of application, bearing fruit to water together with compost in phase, result initial stage and result latter stage in flowering period is spread on plant root, and 10 ~ 12 days once; In the best fruiting period, amount of application is in 20 ~ 30L/ mu compost tea, dilutes 100 times with 15 ~ 20L/ mu compost tea, waters be spread on plant root together with compost, and other 5 ~ 10L/ mu compost tea dilutes 100 times, and carry out foliage-spray, 7 ~ 10 days once.
2. to be 10 ~ 20kg/ mu high nitrogen and potassium type nitrate-based compound fertilizer by amount of application in flowering period to result spread fertilizer over the fields or rush latter stage executes, and 7 ~ 15 days once.
3. microelement foliage fertilizer 50ml is diluted and 600 ~ 1200 times, carry out foliage-spray latter stage in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, result initial stage and result, within every 10 ~ 14 days, use once; Dilute 600 ~ 1200 times with moderate-element foliage fertilizer 50ml and carry out foliage-spray the best fruiting period, within every 7 ~ 10 days, use once.
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