CN110078572B - Special nutrition package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation and application method thereof - Google Patents
Special nutrition package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention provides a special nutrition package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation, which comprises a soil conditioner, an organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer, an element water-soluble fertilizer and a trace element-containing foliar fertilizer. Based on the water-saving cultivation characteristic, the invention carries out primary application of organic and inorganic nutrients, and carries out later-stage dressing of a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer, so that the nutrition collocation is more balanced, and the nutrient requirements of different growth stages of the whole growth period of rice can be satisfied; under the condition of greatly saving water, compared with the conventional fertilization mode, the fertilization amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 11-24%, the yield of the rice is increased by 4.1-11.3%, the fertilization is simple, the comprehensive production benefit of farmers is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the problems of improper fertilizer proportion and unreasonable fertilization of the farmers are effectively solved. The invention comprehensively considers the absorption of nutrient elements in different growth periods of rice under the water-saving cultivation condition, prepares the special nutrition package fertilizer for rice and defines the using method thereof, and provides a complete set of solutions for water-saving, green and efficient production of the rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production, and relates to a special nutrition package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation and an application method thereof, which can meet the nutrition requirement of paddy rice in the whole growth period while saving water, and has remarkable effects of increasing yield, reducing nitrogen and improving the fertilizer utilization rate.
Background
Moisture and nitrogen (N) are two important factors which are mutually influenced and restricted in the growth and development process of rice, and are two natural resources with the largest production demand of the rice. The Chinese rice production area accounts for 28% of the total domestic grain production area, and the water consumption accounts for more than half of the agricultural irrigation water consumption. With the urban development and the precipitation pattern change caused by climate change, the water resource shortage and drought risk of rice production are larger and larger, the degree is also heavier, and the rice is seriously affected. Meanwhile, the problems of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, low nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and the like exist in rice production in China for a long time, and the resource environment pressure is increasingly severe. Under the background, the research on the green efficient cultivation technology of the rice is widely paid attention to by reducing the irrigation water consumption of the rice and improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency.
For continuous growth of agriculture, drought-resistant strain technology must be flexibly applied to enhance the disaster-resistant strain capacity of crops. Recently, researchers have conducted a great deal of research from both water-saving irrigation and the development of drought-resistant materialized products. Different forms of water-saving irrigation technologies (including shallow, wet and sun-dried irrigation technologies, intermittent irrigation technologies, control irrigation technologies and rain-accumulating irrigation technologies) are developed, and are widely applied to rice production; meanwhile, related drought-resistant fertilizer products are also developed. Chinese patent document CN105272546A discloses a drought-resistant fertilizer synergist which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 16-18 parts of coal slime, 1-2 parts of cobalt chloride, 2-3 parts of fish washing water, 28-30 parts of furfural residue, 13-15 parts of garden soil, 5-7 parts of montmorillonite, 1-2 parts of sodium selenite, 4-5 parts of zeolite powder, 6-8 parts of earthworm, 86-90 parts of fresh pig manure, 5-6 parts of papermaking black liquor, 9-11 parts of kola leaves, 2-3 parts of EM composite microbial inoculum and a proper amount of water; the synergist has compact particles, the porous structure inside ensures that the particles have strong water absorption effect, prevents irrigation water from losing, maintains the moist environment of the roots of crops, is beneficial to the normal growth of crops in drought soil and weather, and simultaneously has high nutrient content matched with the action of activating the nutrient activity of fertilizer, thereby remarkably promoting the growth and development of crops and improving the economic benefit of planting. The Chinese patent document CN 102653495B discloses a drought-resistant fertilizer special for corn and a preparation method thereof, wherein the drought-resistant fertilizer is mainly prepared by mixing and fermenting raw materials of poultry manure, hydroxymethyl cellulose, polymethyl benzoate, bean cake, humic acid, polyethylene glycol, calcium bicarbonate, ethyl acetate, ammonium phosphate, calcium powder, potassium chloride, sodium nitrate, yeast biological bacterial fertilizer, attapulgite, trace element fertilizer, azotobacter fertilizer and bentonite according to certain parts by weight. The preparation method is simple, and the prepared drought-resistant fertilizer special for corn can effectively provide lodging resistance, disease resistance and drought resistance for corn, has high corn absorptivity, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and also reduces the damage to soil correspondingly. Although the products can improve the physicochemical properties of soil to a certain extent by adding organic substances and exogenous organic soil conditioners, prevent the loss of irrigation water and maintain the moist environment of the roots of crops, the problems of lower nutrient content, single action and the like exist. Meanwhile, the products neglect the difference of the nutrient requirements of crops in different growth periods, the drought tolerance of the crops can be enhanced by regulating the self nutrient requirements under the water-saving cultivation, and the coordination of the fertilizer input types and characteristics in the whole growth period of the crops is lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a special nutrition package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation, which is a special nutrition package fertilizer prepared by meeting the nutritional requirements of paddy rice in different growth periods in the water-saving cultivation process, aiming at the problems of excessive fertilization, flood irrigation of large water, water and nitrogen resource waste, agricultural non-point source pollution and the like in the current paddy rice cultivation process.
The invention relates to a special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 119 to 178 parts of soil conditioner, 780 to 1200 parts of organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer as base fertilizer, 5 to 10 parts of water-soluble fertilizer containing major elements as spike fertilizer, and 0.12 to 0.16 part of foliar fertilizer containing trace elements as grain fertilizer.
Preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-65 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35-50 parts of steel slag silicon fertilizer, 20-30 parts of gypsum powder, 20-25 parts of activated carbon and 4-8 parts of soil loosening agent.
Preferably, the base fertilizer consists of the following organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizers in parts by mass: wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 400-600 parts of livestock manure, 150-200 parts of fungus dreg waste, 200-350 parts of crop straw and 1-1.5 parts of straw decomposing inoculant; the inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer comprises 30-50 parts of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, the ear fertilizer consists of a major element water-soluble fertilizer with the following mass parts: 3.25 to 6.89 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (comprising 1.50 to 2.40 parts of urea nitrogen, 1.75 to 4.49 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer), 1.43 to 1.77 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.44 to 1.06 parts of borax, 0.09 to 0.12 part of urease inhibitor and 0.09 to 0.16 part of nitrification inhibitor mixture.
Preferably, the spike fertilizer consists of the following trace element foliar fertilizer in parts by mass: 0.049-0.062 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.038-0.054 parts of free amino acid, 0.026-0.034 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.007-0.010 parts of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the like).
Further preferably, the soil conditioner comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 12-19% of silicon dioxide, 11-14% of calcium oxide, 5-9% of magnesium oxide and K 2 O 2 ～4％，P 2 O 5 3～5％。
Further preferably, the inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for the rice with controlled release period of 4 months and thermosetting resin coating, and the nutrient content of the special compound fertilizer is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝18-22:8-10:11-12。
Further preferably, the major element water-soluble fertilizer in the ear fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, and the nutrient content in the ear fertilizer is 20.3-26.1 percent (wherein urea nitrogen is contained in the ear fertilizer)<7%, ammonium nitrogen>14％)，P 2 O 5 9.03～14.6％，K 2 9.7 to 12.0 percent of O; the urease inhibitor is one or a mixture of N-propyl thiophosphoric triamide and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
Further preferably, the special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation is characterized in that the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, wherein elements of iron, manganese, copper and zinc are in a nicotinamide chelate state, and the addition amount of nicotinamide is 1% of the total amount of the foliar fertilizer.
The invention also aims to provide an application method of the nutrition package fertilizer, which is realized by the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioner: before the paddy field is ploughed, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner, broadcasting the soil conditioner on the ground surface, and then ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the application amount is 119-178 kg/mu;
(2) Base fertilizer: before horizontal land irrigation, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the ground surface, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 750-1150 kg/mu; raking and leveling, irrigating water and soaking the field, and removing excessive soaking field water after 5-7 days of slurry precipitation. Then shallow water (about 1 cm) is used for transplanting rice seedlings, and slow/controlled release fertilizer is precisely applied by a sounding fertilizer transplanting machine, and the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg/mu. After transplanting, keeping a 2cm water layer in the field for 5-7 days to ensure that seedlings turn green and survive, keeping no water layer until the field surface before booting, airing the field after the soil water content is 70% -80% of the saturated water content and 'enough seedlings' in an ineffective tillering stage, airing the field until small cracks (-30 to-35 kpa) are formed in the field, then pouring 1-2 cm water layer, and then drying the field, thus recycling;
(3) Spike fertilizer: the soil surface of the rice in the booting stage keeps a water layer of 1-2 cm, and irrigation is carried out by adopting dry-wet alternation of irrigation water and natural drying until the soil water potential is-25 kPa in the period from the booting stage to the heading stage. In the period, a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is applied during each irrigation, the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu, and the irrigation is carried out once at intervals of 5-7 days;
(4) And (3) grain fertilizer: the whole grouting period adopts dry-wet alternate irrigation of water irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of soil is-25 kPa, (1) the water-soluble fertilizer is applied by a plurality of elements for one time in 7-12 days, and the consumption of each time is 2-3 kg/mu; (2) the microelement foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 to 1000 times and then is used for foliar spraying, once in 5 to 7 days, and the application amount is 120 to 160 g/mu.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention utilizes the phosphate rock tailings, phosphogypsum, potassium feldspar, slag wastes and other fired soil conditioners such as silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, slag silicon fertilizer and the like, has the effects of conditioning the acidity and alkalinity of soil, supplementing medium and trace elements and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and simultaneously realizes the recycling utilization of industrial wastes. The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer and the steel slag silicon fertilizer are rich in nutrient elements such as silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium, the fertilizer is alkaline, and the pH value of soil can be regulated through ion exchange, so that the problem of soil acidification caused by excessive application of the fertilizer in intensive agricultural production is alleviated. Meanwhile, after being applied with organic fertilizer, biochar and soil loosening agent, the soil aggregate structure and the soil porosity can be synergistically increased, the soil permeability and the adsorption capacity can be improved, more nutrient substances, beneficial microorganisms and water can be gathered, the soil productivity can be improved, and the plant growth can be facilitated. In addition, the soil conditioner is rich in a large amount of silicon, which is favorable for the formation of plant tissue siliconized cells, and further, the crop transpiration water consumption is reduced by adjusting the closing of crop leaf pores, so that the stress resistance of crops is enhanced; in addition, the silicon element can promote root system development, enhance absorption capacity and enhance drought resistance of plants.
The invention adopts the organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer to prepare the disposable base fertilizer, utilizes the thermosetting resin technology of gold mass production to produce the coated slow/controlled release fertilizer, carries out scientific and reasonable controlled release on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in three elements of the fertilizer and is matched with the organic fertilizer, has long fertilizer efficiency time, can greatly reduce nutrient loss in the vegetative growth period, and has remarkable effect in reducing nitrogen loss and environmental pollution; can also be used after being used as a front fertilizer, and can meet the requirement of supplying later nutrients to achieve high yield; meanwhile, the fertilization times are reduced, and the labor cost is saved. On the basis, the organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is combined with water-saving cultivation, so that the interaction between the organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer and the water-saving cultivation can be brought into play, and the maximization of the resource, environment and economic benefits is realized.
The major element water-soluble fertilizer and the trace element foliar fertilizer can be applied together with pesticide due to simple application and quick effect, saves labor cost and gradually attracts attention in rice production. The former people have found that after urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is applied into soil and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is absorbed by root system, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the volatilization of ammonia can be effectively reduced. In addition, the acid soil environment formed by the physiological acid fertilizer and the existence of chloride ions and sulfate ions reduce the urease of the soilActivity, slow down the mineralization rate of urea molecules into ammonium nitrogen. The urea-ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can reduce nitrate nitrogen leaching loss and denitrification loss, can slow down or resist the conversion process of urea molecules, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, and can reduce nitrate nitrogen leaching loss and denitrification loss. The chloride ions can effectively inhibit the nitrification of ammonium nitrogen and reduce the loss of nitrogen. The urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can maintain higher NH in soil 4 + :NO 3 - The proportion can meet the requirements of the ammonium-happiness crops.
The trace element foliar fertilizer is prepared by chelating trace elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the like with amino acids, and small molecular organic substances which are necessary for plants can be rapidly supplemented by spraying to promote rapid growth of the plants, promote absorption of nutrient substances by the plants, improve quality of fertilizer crops, and further accelerate growth and propagation of the plants to achieve the effect of increasing yield. And the stress resistance of the fertilization objects can be improved by enhancing the metabolic function and photosynthesis of plants.
According to the invention, the raw materials of the components are all commercial products, wherein soil loosening agents, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizers, steel slag silicon fertilizers, macroelement water-soluble fertilizers and medium trace element foliar fertilizers are commercially available. Based on the nutrition principle, the invention comprehensively considers the absorption of nutrient elements in different growth periods of rice under the water-saving cultivation condition, prepares the special nutrition package fertilizer for rice and defines the using method thereof, and is a complete set of solution provided by water-saving, green and efficient production of the rice.
The package fertilizer provided by the invention is based on the water-saving cultivation characteristic, and organic and inorganic nutrients are applied on a basic basis, and a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer are applied in the later period, so that the nutrition collocation is more balanced, and the nutrient requirements of different growth stages of the whole growth period of rice can be met; under the condition of greatly saving water, compared with the conventional fertilization mode, the fertilization amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced by 11-24%, the yield of the rice is increased by 4.1-11.3%, the fertilization is simple, the comprehensive production benefit of farmers is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the problems of improper fertilizer proportion and unreasonable fertilization of the farmers are effectively solved.
1. According to the invention, a series of nutrition set meal fees are applied in a matched manner by adopting a soil conditioner, an organic fertilizer, a slow-release fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, such as 'one-base one-trace' application, amino acid foliar fertilizer spraying and the like, so that the drought-enduring nutrition regulation and control effect of rice can be fully developed under the water-saving cultivation condition, the requirements of the rice on nutrients in different growth periods are met, and the effects of saving water, reducing nitrogen, increasing yield and improving fertilizer utilization rate are remarkable;
2. the package fertilizer provided by the invention is rich in a large amount of organic matters and soil amendments, can promote the formation of soil aggregate structures, improves the air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention performance of soil, is beneficial to balancing the microbial ecological environment of the soil, improves the self-activity of the soil, ensures sustainable improvement of the soil quality and improves the water and nitrogen resource utilization efficiency of a paddy field.
3. The package fertilizer provided by the invention is applied on a one-time basis by using a slow-release compound fertilizer as a main nitrogen donor, and a major element water-soluble fertilizer and a trace element foliar fertilizer are applied in the later period, so that the package fertilizer can be organically combined with herbicide and pesticide application, the application characteristics of the package fertilizer are compatible, the labor investment of farmers can be greatly reduced, and the package fertilizer is economical and convenient and provides a solution for water-saving, green and efficient production of rice.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The field plot test is carried out on a rich-cation test base of China paddy institute, the comparative example 1 adopts a conventional fertilization mode of local farmers, the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer is 12 kg/mu of pure nitrogen, and the base fertilizer is as follows: spike fertilizer: tillering fertilizer = 4:3:3 times of application; the consumption of the phosphate fertilizer is 6 kg/mu for one-time basal application; the dosage of the potash fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, and the base fertilizer is as follows: flower retention fertilizer = 6:4 divided 2 applications. Example 1 the special nutritional package fertilizer for rice of the present invention was used. The dry-wet alternative water-saving irrigation mode is adopted in the embodiment 1 and the comparative embodiment 1. In addition, in comparative example 2, the fertilization method was exactly the same as comparative example 1, but the conventional flooding irrigation method was adopted. The phosphorus-potassium fertilizer applications in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are identical except for the nitrogen fertilizer application. The cell area was 30 square meters and each treatment was repeated 4 times.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for rice suitable for water-saving cultivation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 119 parts of soil conditioner, 780 parts of organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer, 5 parts of water-soluble fertilizer containing major elements serving as a spike fertilizer and 0.12 part of foliar fertilizer containing trace elements serving as a grain fertilizer.
The soil conditioner consists of the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 35 parts of steel slag silicon fertilizer, 20 parts of gypsum powder, 20 parts of activated carbon and 4 parts of soil loosening agent.
The base fertilizer consists of the following organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizers in parts by mass: wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 400 parts of livestock manure, 150 parts of fungus dreg waste, 200 parts of crop straw and 1 part of straw decomposition agent; the inorganic slow release fertilizer comprises 30 parts of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer.
The ear fertilizer consists of a major element water-soluble fertilizer with the following mass parts: 3.25 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (comprising 1.50 parts of urea nitrogen, 1.75 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer), 1.43 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.44 part of borax, 0.09 part of urease inhibitor and 0.09 part of nitrification inhibitor mixture.
The granular fertilizer consists of the following trace element foliar fertilizers in parts by mass: 0.049 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.038 parts of free amino acid, 0.026 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.007 parts of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the like).
The soil conditioner comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 12% of silicon dioxide, 11% of calcium oxide, 5% of magnesium oxide and K 2 O 25，P 2 O 5 3％。
The inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is a compound fertilizer special for the rice with controlled release period of 4 months and thermosetting resin coating and has nutrient content of N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝22:8:12。
The major element water-soluble fertilizer in the ear fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, and the nutrient content of the major element water-soluble fertilizer is N20.3 percent (wherein urea nitrogen is contained in the major element water-soluble fertilizer)<7%, ammonium nitrogen>14％)，P 2 O 5 9.03％，K 2 O9.7%; the urease inhibitor is one or a mixture of N-propyl thiophosphoric triamide and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice, which is suitable for water-saving cultivation, is characterized in that the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, wherein the elements of iron, manganese, copper and zinc are in a nicotinamide chelate state, and the addition amount of nicotinamide is 1% of the total amount of the foliar fertilizer.
The application method of the nutrition package fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioner: before the paddy field is ploughed, the soil conditioner is uniformly mixed and spread on the ground surface, and then the soil is ploughed by a rotary cultivator, and the application amount is 119 kg/mu.
(2) Base fertilizer: before horizontal land irrigation, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the ground surface, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 750 kg/mu; raking and leveling, irrigating water and soaking the field, and removing excessive soaking field water after 5-7 days of slurry precipitation. Then shallow water (about 1 cm) is used for transplanting rice seedlings, and slow/controlled release fertilizer is accurately applied by a sounding fertilizer transplanting machine, and the fertilizing amount is 30 kg/mu. After transplanting, a 2cm water layer is kept in the field for 5-7 days to ensure that seedlings turn green and survive, then the water layer is not kept on the field surface before booting, the water content of soil is 70% -80% of the saturated water content, the seedlings are sunned in an ineffective tillering stage, small cracks (-30 to-35 kpa) are formed in the field after sunning, then the water layer of 1-2 cm is irrigated, and then the seedlings fall to dryness, thus circulation is realized.
(3) Spike fertilizer: the soil surface of the rice in the booting stage keeps a water layer of 1-2 cm, and irrigation is carried out by adopting dry-wet alternation of irrigation water and natural drying until the soil water potential is-25 kPa in the period from the booting stage to the heading stage. In the period, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every time of irrigation, the application amount is 10 kg/mu, and the application is carried out every 5-7 days.
(4) And (3) grain fertilizer: the whole grouting period adopts dry-wet alternate irrigation of water irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of soil is-25 kPa, (1) the irrigation is carried out by using a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer once in 7-12 days, and the consumption of water per mu is 2kg per mu; (2) the microelement foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 to 1000 times and then is used for foliar spraying, once in 5 to 7 days, and the application amount is 120 g/mu.
The results show that: the average rice yield after the special nutrition package fertilizer of the embodiment 1 is applied is 611.2 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 1 is 587.3 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 2 is 564.6 kg/mu, the average rice yield is improved by 4.1-8.2% compared with the comparative example, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is reduced by 24.2%, and statistical analysis shows that significant difference (P < 0.05) exists between treatments.
Example 2
Comparative examples 1 and 2 are exactly the same as in example 1.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for rice suitable for water-saving cultivation comprises the following components in parts by weight: 150 parts of soil conditioner, 990 parts of organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer serving as a base fertilizer, 7 parts of water-soluble fertilizer containing major elements serving as a spike fertilizer and 0.14 part of foliar fertilizer containing trace elements serving as a grain fertilizer.
The soil conditioner consists of the following components in parts by mass: 52 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 43 parts of steel slag silicon fertilizer, 25 parts of gypsum powder, 24 parts of activated carbon and 6 parts of soil loosening agent.
The base fertilizer consists of the following organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizers in parts by mass: wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 490 parts of livestock manure, 170 parts of fungus dreg waste, 300 parts of crop straw and 1.3 parts of straw decomposing inoculant; the inorganic slow release fertilizer comprises 40 parts of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer.
The ear fertilizer consists of a major element water-soluble fertilizer with the following mass parts: 4.70 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (comprising 1.7 parts of urea nitrogen, 3.0 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer), 1.50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.60 part of borax, 0.10 part of urease inhibitor and 0.12 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The ear fertilizer consists of trace element foliar fertilizer with the following mass parts: 0.055 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.046 parts of free amino acid, 0.030 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.0085 parts of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the like).
The soil conditioner comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 16% of silicon dioxide, 13% of calcium oxide, 7% of magnesium oxide and K 2 O 3％，P 2 O 5 4％。
The inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is a compound fertilizer special for the rice with controlled release period of 4 months and thermosetting resin coating and has nutrient content of N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝22:8:12。
The major element water-soluble fertilizer in the ear fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, and the nutrient content of the major element water-soluble fertilizer is N22.1 percent (wherein urea nitrogen is contained in the major element water-soluble fertilizer)<7%, ammonium nitrogen>14％)，P 2 O 5 11.5％，K 2 O10.8%; the urease inhibitor is one or a mixture of N-propyl thiophosphoric triamide and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice, which is suitable for water-saving cultivation, is characterized in that the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, wherein the elements of iron, manganese, copper and zinc are in a nicotinamide chelate state, and the addition amount of nicotinamide is 1% of the total amount of the foliar fertilizer.
According to the invention, the application method of the nutrition package fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioner: before paddy field ploughing, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner, broadcasting the soil conditioner on the ground surface, and then ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the application amount is 150 kg/mu.
(2) Base fertilizer: before horizontal land irrigation, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the ground surface, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 940 kg/mu; raking and leveling, irrigating water and soaking the field, and removing excessive soaking field water after 5-7 days of slurry precipitation. Then shallow water (about 1 cm) is used for transplanting rice seedlings, and slow/controlled release fertilizer is accurately applied by a sounding fertilizer transplanting machine, and the fertilizing amount is 40 kg/mu. After transplanting, a 2cm water layer is kept in the field for 5-7 days to ensure that seedlings turn green and survive, then the water layer is not kept on the field surface before booting, the water content of soil is 70% -80% of the saturated water content, the seedlings are sunned in an ineffective tillering stage, small cracks (-30 to-35 kpa) are formed in the field after sunning, then the water layer of 1-2 cm is irrigated, and then the seedlings fall to dryness, thus circulation is realized.
(3) Spike fertilizer: the soil surface of the rice in the booting stage keeps a water layer of 1-2 cm, and irrigation is carried out by adopting dry-wet alternation of irrigation water and natural drying until the soil water potential is-25 kPa in the period from the booting stage to the heading stage. In the period, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every time of irrigation, the application amount is 7 kg/mu, and the application is carried out every 5-7 days.
(4) And (3) grain fertilizer: the whole grouting period adopts dry-wet alternate irrigation of water irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of soil is-25 kPa, (1) the irrigation is carried out by using a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer once in 7-12 days, and the consumption of water per mu is 2kg per mu; (2) the microelement foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 to 1000 times and then is used for foliar spraying, once in 5 to 7 days, and the application amount is 140 g/mu.
The results show that: the average rice yield after the special nutrition package fertilizer of the embodiment 2 is applied is 622.5 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 1 is 587.3 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 2 is 564.6 kg/mu, the average rice yield is improved by 6.0-10.3% compared with the comparative example, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is reduced by 13.0%, and statistical analysis shows that significant difference (P < 0.05) exists between treatments.
Example 3
Comparative examples 1 and 2 are exactly the same as in example 1.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice suitable for water-saving cultivation is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 178 parts of soil conditioner, 1200 parts of organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer serving as base fertilizer, 10 parts of water-soluble fertilizer containing major elements serving as spike fertilizer and 0.16 part of foliar fertilizer containing trace elements serving as grain fertilizer.
The soil conditioner consists of the following components in parts by mass: 65 parts of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer, 50 parts of steel slag silicon fertilizer, 30 parts of gypsum powder, 25 parts of activated carbon and 8 parts of soil loosening agent.
The base fertilizer consists of the following organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizers in parts by mass: wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 600 parts of livestock manure, 200 parts of fungus dreg waste, 350 parts of crop straw and 1.5 parts of straw decomposing inoculant; the inorganic slow release fertilizer comprises 50 parts of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer.
The ear fertilizer consists of a major element water-soluble fertilizer with the following mass parts: 6.89 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer (comprising 2.40 parts of urea nitrogen, 4.49 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer), 1.77 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1.06 parts of borax, 0.12 part of urease inhibitor and 0.16 part of nitrification inhibitor.
The ear fertilizer consists of trace element foliar fertilizer with the following mass parts: 0.062 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.054 parts of free amino acid, 0.034 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.010 parts of trace elements (iron, manganese, copper, zinc and the like).
The soil conditioner comprises the following nutrients in percentage by mass: 19% of silicon dioxide, 14% of calcium oxide, 9% of magnesium oxide and K 2 O 4％，P 2 O 5 5％。
The inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is controlled release for 4 months,Special compound fertilizer for rice coated with thermosetting resin and controlled release, and its nutrient content is N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝18:10:11。
The major element water-soluble fertilizer in the ear fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, and the nutrient content of the major element water-soluble fertilizer is N26.1 percent (wherein urea nitrogen is contained in the major element water-soluble fertilizer)<7%, ammonium nitrogen>14％)，P 2 O 5 14.6％，K 2 O12.0%; the urease inhibitor is one or a mixture of N-propyl thiophosphoric triamide and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
The special nutritional package fertilizer for paddy rice, which is suitable for water-saving cultivation, is characterized in that the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, wherein the elements of iron, manganese, copper and zinc are in a nicotinamide chelate state, and the addition amount of nicotinamide is 1% of the total amount of the foliar fertilizer.
The application method of the nutrition package fertilizer comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioner: before paddy field ploughing, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner, broadcasting the soil conditioner on the ground surface, and then ploughing the soil with a rotary cultivator, wherein the application amount is 178 kg/mu.
(2) Base fertilizer: before horizontal land irrigation, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the ground surface, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1150 kg/mu; raking and leveling, irrigating water and soaking the field, and removing excessive soaking field water after 5-7 days of slurry precipitation. Then shallow water (about 1 cm) is used for transplanting rice seedlings, and slow/controlled release fertilizer is accurately applied by a sounding fertilizer transplanting machine, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu. After transplanting, a 2cm water layer is kept in the field for 5-7 days to ensure that seedlings turn green and survive, then the water layer is not kept on the field surface before booting, the water content of soil is 70% -80% of the saturated water content, the seedlings are sunned in an ineffective tillering stage, small cracks (-30 to-35 kpa) are formed in the field after sunning, then the water layer of 1-2 cm is irrigated, and then the seedlings fall to dryness, thus circulation is realized.
(3) Spike fertilizer: the soil surface of the rice in the booting stage keeps a water layer of 1-2 cm, and irrigation is carried out by adopting dry-wet alternation of irrigation water and natural drying until the soil water potential is-25 kPa in the period from the booting stage to the heading stage. In the period, the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is applied every time of irrigation, the application amount is 10 kg/mu, and the application is carried out every 5-7 days.
(4) And (3) grain fertilizer: the whole grouting period adopts dry-wet alternate irrigation of water irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of soil is-25 kPa, (1) the irrigation is carried out by using a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer once in 7-12 days, and the consumption of water is 3 kg/mu each time; (2) the microelement foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 to 1000 times and then is used for foliar spraying, once in 5 to 7 days, and the application amount is 160 g/mu.
The results show that: the average rice yield after the special nutrition package fertilizer of the embodiment 3 is applied is 628.3 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 1 is 587.3 kg/mu, the average rice yield of the comparative example 2 is 564.6 kg/mu, the average rice yield is improved by 7.0-11.3% compared with the comparative example, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is reduced by 10.2%, and statistical analysis shows that the treatment is obviously different (P < 0.05).
Claims (1)
1. The application method of the special nutrition package fertilizer for the rice suitable for water-saving cultivation is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 119 to 178 parts of soil conditioner, 780 to 1200 parts of organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer as base fertilizer, 5 to 10 parts of water-soluble fertilizer containing major elements as spike fertilizer, and 0.12 to 0.16 part of foliar fertilizer containing trace elements as grain fertilizer;
the soil conditioner comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by mass: 12-19% of silicon dioxide, 11-14% of calcium oxide, 5-9% of magnesium oxide, 2-4% of potassium oxide and 3-5% of phosphorus pentoxide;
the base fertilizer consists of the following organic-inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizers in parts by mass, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 400-600 parts of livestock manure, 150-200 parts of bacterial residue waste, 200-350 parts of crop straw and 1-1.5 parts of straw decomposing agent; the inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer comprises 30-50 parts of coated slow/controlled release fertilizer;
the ear fertilizer consists of the following element water-soluble fertilizers in parts by mass: 3.25 to 6.89 parts of urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, 1.43 to 1.77 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.44 to 1.06 parts of borax, 0.09 to 0.12 part of urease inhibitor and 0.09 to 0.16 part of nitrification inhibitor mixture;
the ear fertilizer consists of trace element foliar fertilizer with the following mass parts: 0.049-0.062 parts of potassium fulvate, 0.048-0.064 parts of amino acid, 0.016-0.024 parts of ammonium molybdate and 0.007-0.010 parts of trace elements; wherein the elements of iron, manganese, copper and zinc are in a nicotinamide chelate state, and the addition amount of nicotinamide is 1% of the total amount of the foliar fertilizer;
the application method of the special nutrition package fertilizer is realized by the following steps:
(1) Soil conditioner: before the paddy field is ploughed, uniformly mixing the soil conditioner, broadcasting the soil conditioner on the ground surface, and then ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the application amount is 175-250 kg/mu;
(2) Base fertilizer: before horizontal land irrigation, uniformly spreading organic fertilizer on the ground surface, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 750-1150 kg/mu; raking, pouring water, soaking a field, removing excessive soaking water after depositing slurry for 5-7 days, then transplanting in shallow water, accurately applying a slow/controlled release fertilizer by using a sounding fertilization transplanter, keeping a 2cm water layer in the field for 5-7 days after transplanting to ensure that seedlings turn green and survive, keeping a water layer on the field surface before booting, keeping the water content of soil at 70-80% of saturated water content, airing a field in an ineffective tillering stage, opening a small split in the field at-30-35 kpa, then pouring a 1-2 cm water layer, and then drying, and circulating in this way;
(3) Spike fertilizer: the soil surface of the rice in the booting stage keeps a water layer of 1-2 cm, irrigation is carried out alternately by dry and wet irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of the soil is-25 kPa in the period from the booting stage to the trimming stage, and a large amount of element water-soluble fertilizer is applied during each irrigation, the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu, and the irrigation is carried out once every 5-7 days;
(4) And (3) grain fertilizer: the whole grouting period adopts dry-wet alternate irrigation of water irrigation after water irrigation and natural drying until the water potential of soil is-25 kPa, (1) the water-soluble fertilizer is applied by a plurality of elements for one time in 7-12 days, and the consumption of water is 2-3 kg/mu each time; (2) the microelement foliar fertilizer is diluted 600 to 1000 times and then is used for foliar spraying, once in 5 to 7 days, and the application amount is 120 to 160g per mu;
the inorganic slow/controlled release fertilizer is a slow/controlled release special compound fertilizer for paddy rice, which is prepared by using a thermosetting resin coating and has a controlled release period of 4 months, and the nutrient content is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=18-22:8-10:11-12；
The macroelement water-soluble fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes, the nutrient content is 20.3-26.1% by mass percent,P 2 O 5 9.03～14.6%，K 2 9.7 to 12.0 percent of O; the urease inhibitor is one or a mixture of N-propyl thiophosphoric triamide and N-butyl thiophosphoric triamide, and the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine, wherein the weight percentage of the nutrient content in the urease inhibitor is urea nitrogen<7%, ammonium nitrogen>14%；
The trace element foliar fertilizer is powdery particles with 60-100 meshes;
the urea ammonium nitrogen fertilizer in the ear fertilizer comprises 1.50-2.40 parts of urea nitrogen and 1.75-4.49 parts of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer.
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| CN113773145A (en) * | 2021-09-28 | 2021-12-10 | 东营市垦利区万隆农林经贸有限公司 | Special rice nutrition package fertilizer suitable for water-saving cultivation |
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