CN101693638B - Preparation method and application method of tomato special fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method and application method of tomato special fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN101693638B CN101693638B CN200910113437A CN200910113437A CN101693638B CN 101693638 B CN101693638 B CN 101693638B CN 200910113437 A CN200910113437 A CN 200910113437A CN 200910113437 A CN200910113437 A CN 200910113437A CN 101693638 B CN101693638 B CN 101693638B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and an application method of a tomato special fertilizer, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an I-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 20-30 parts ammonium phosphate, 15-20 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-3 parts of rubbish and excrement, 1-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 2-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; preparing an II-type fertilizer by taking the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of urea, 5-10 parts ammonium phosphate, 35-45 parts of potassium sulphate, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-5 parts of rubbish and excrement, 2-5 parts of synergist, 0.1-1 part of ferrous sulphate, 0.1-0.8 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.6 part of manganese sulphate, 0.1-0.6 part of borax, 0.1-0.4 part of copper sulfate, 2-7 parts of plaster and 3-13 parts of bentonite; evenly blending, spraying, pelleting, adding 1-6 parts of diluted polyaspartic acid, drying at lower temperature and detecting to be qualified to obtain the special fertilizer. The application method of the special fertilizer comprises the following steps: applying an organic fertilizer and the II-type fertilizer before spring sowing; applying the II-type fertilizer at the flowering and fruiting periods, and applying the II-type fertilizer in the young fruit development period; and the .production yield can be increased by 16-18 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tomato special fertilizer, refer in particular to the plantation of tomato and use, especially regulate and control vegetative period, improve the preparation and the application process of the tomato special fertilizer of yield and quality.
Background technology
The research bibliographical information of relevant tomato special fertilizer: the research of " research and the application of tomato cucumber chili special-purpose fertilizer " that its 1 Inst. of Soil Fertilizer, Gansu Prov. Academy of Agriculture carries out is with tomato, cucumber, capsicum regulation of fertilizer requirement; And N, P, K trace element growth regulator, surperficial synergistic agent and agricultural chemicals are raw material; Through continuous 3 years field test, the special-purpose fertilizer that filter out and make tomato, cucumber, red pepper high-yield, efficient, precocity, fine base manure respectively, topdresses, foliage fertilizer matches.People's such as what Qi Wei of its 2 Vegetable Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences invention number is the patent of 200810015500 " a kind of tomato special-purpose irrigation fertilizers ", by urea 25-35 part, and monoammonium phosphate 8-20 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part, ammonium humate 15-25 part.The preparation method: the raw material pulverize separately mixes in proportion to the 150-200 order, and last metering packing is finished product.People's such as ten thousand Lian Bu of its 3 Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. invention; Number be the patent of 20071011554 " a kind of special controlled release fertilizer for tomato and preparation method thereof ", component is composite makes with 7% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, 8% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping saltpetre, sulfur coating composite fertilizer, 4% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, 7% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, diammonium phosphate etc. for this fertilizer.Method of use: transplanting previous crops tomato is that base manure once applies and needn't impose.People's such as the Deng Chang man of virtue and ability of its 4 Hua Zhong Agriculture University invention; Number be the patent of 200810047100 " a kind of is the cherry tomato organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special of raw material with pig manure and inorganic nutritive element ", the effective element in the fertilizer in the weight percent of pure nutrient is: organic 22.0, nitrogen 15.0, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5.0, potassium oxide 10.0, calcium 2.0, magnesium 0.5 and zinc 0.5.The grand invention of the Pang Yu of its 5 Wodibao Tech Co., Ltd., Anshan; Number be the patent of 200410021237 " a kind of working methods that are rich in the compound manure of humate, Xanthohumate ". be solvent with water, be main raw material with brown coal; Add oxygenant, Pottasium Hydroxide, sequestrant, sodium hydrogencarbonate, nonionogenic tenside; Stirring reaction in reaction kettle filters in precipitation tank for precipitation, and preparation is extracted a liquid, extracts two liquid and extracted three liquid; Utilize pressurized vessel and mixing reactor again; Above-mentioned three kinds of extracting solutions are added other compositions such as ammonia, an ammonium and zinc, iron, manganese, after circulation, hybrid reaction, form the compound manure that is rich in humate, Xanthohumate, can be made into liquid, lotion or solid fertilizer.The plain tomato fertilizer-potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer of a kind of new multicomponent of its 6 Qinghai Zhongxin Guoan Technology Development Co., Ltd development and production contains potassium 23.%, magnesium 8%, sulphur 14%.Show that through the document comparative analysis formulating of this tomato special fertilizer is not seen bibliographical information.The present invention development with inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent and sustained release dosage compound tomato special fertilizer, reached design requirements.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to: developing one group serves as combination tomato special fertilizer and application process with inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent and sustained release dosage; Adjustable or improve this tomato strain process of growth, play raising the output and the effect that improves quality.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of preparation of tomato special fertilizer and application process, form by inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; With parts by weight weighing mix, when granulation, add thinner, again through oven drying at low temperature, sieve, measure, detect the qualified I of making type, the II type is special-purpose fertile;
The fertile preparation of its I type: inorganic foster part urea 20-30 part, ammonium phosphate 30-40 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-20 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, rubbish or animal excrement 1-3 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of synergistic agent 1-5 part, trace element; Gypsum 2-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part; Slowly-releasing gather day ammonium Aspartic Acid 1-5 part;
The fertile preparation of its II type: inorganic foster part urea 20-30 part, ammonium phosphate 5-10 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, rubbish or animal excrement 1-5 part; Synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 2-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part; Slowly-releasing gather day ammonium Aspartic Acid 1-5 part.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and application process, the special-purpose fertile nitrogen of I type: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1.5: 2: 1.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and application process, the special-purpose fertile nitrogen of II type: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 0.3: 1.8.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and application process, the fertile 30-50 kilogram of application of organic fertilizers 1000-1200 kilogram/mu and I type/mu before sowing in spring; Bloom tomato, fruiting period, impose the fertile 15-18 kilogram of II type/mu; At the young fruit expanding stage of tomato, impose the fertile 10-15 kilogram of II type/mu again one time.
Said special-purpose fertile preparation and application process, the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
The research mechanism of product of the present invention and technique effect:
This tomato special fertilizer divides two kinds on I type and II type.Need to carry out reasonable proportioning and use in the different vegetative period of tomato respectively: I type tomato special fertilizer is fit to the early growth stage of tomato, helps tomato after the use and normally blooms, pollinates, is fertilized, bears fruit; Using of the young fruit expanding stage of the suitable tomato of II type tomato special fertilizer can increase output, fruit color, raising pol, improves the quality of fruit, promotes the maturation of fruit and branch etc.
Tomato special fertilizer is by the multiple components preparation, can balanced provide tomato at different nutritive elements in period.
There are certain useful microbe bacterium and organic matter in the tomato special fertilizer, can have promoted microbial activities in the soil, can increase the cementing material that forms Soil structure, can improve the calorific value and the temperature of soil.
Tomato special fertilizer can enhancing crop anti-adversity ability, improve output, improve quality.
Tomato special fertilizer changes into materials such as each seed amino acid, carbohydrate after in soil, decomposing; Promote the synthetic transportation and the accumulation of intravital enzymic activity of plant and material, thereby improve Tomato Quality, improve the ascorbic content of tomato; Improve the pol of tomato, can increase production 18-23% than single fertilising.
Tomato special fertilizer is reasonably used continuously, but the activating soil nutrient build up fertility, make the mineral substance nutrition absorption balanced; Trace element can increase leaf area, and photosynthate is also with corresponding increase, the drought resisting of enhancing crop simultaneously, cold-resistant, opposing disease and pest ability.
The results of property of this tomato special fertilizer is measured: nitrogen content 10-20%, phosphorus content 4.5-15%, potassium content 10-20%; Organic content 4-10%, humic acid 1-5%; The intensity detection value of product is on average at 6-15N; PH value is at 5-7.
The special-purpose fertile prescription of the regulation and control tomato strain growth cycle of the present invention's design has reached effect of increasing production through the field planting checking, compares raising the output 16-18% with conventional fertilizer; Application process is simple, reasonable simultaneously, and action row property is strong, shows technical progress.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described.The preparation of tomato special fertilizer and the embodiment of application process are following.
Embodiment
With parts by weight preparation I type tomato special fertilizer.
Inorganic foster part:
Instance one: 25 parts in urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 30 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
Instance two: 30 parts in urea, 45 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 25 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
Instance three: 20 parts in urea, 50 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 30 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component:
Instance one: 80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
Instance two: 85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
Instance three: 75 parts of the municipal wastess that 25 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element:
Instance one: 15 parts in ferrous sulfate, 35 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
Instance two: 15 parts in ferrous sulfate, 35 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 25 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate;
Instance three: 10 parts in ferrous sulfate, 40 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent:
Instance one: 25 parts in gypsum, 75 parts of wilkinites;
Instance two: 20 parts in gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
Instance three: 30 parts in gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites;
With parts by weight preparation II type tomato special fertilizer.
Inorganic foster part:
Instance one: 30 parts in urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 60 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
Instance two: 25 parts in urea, 15 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 60 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
Instance three: 35 parts in urea, 10 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 55 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Organic component:
Instance one: 80 parts of the municipal wastess that 20 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
Instance two: 85 parts of the animal excrement that 15 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed;
Instance three: 75 parts of the municipal wastess that 25 parts of humic acidss, process microbial bacteria become thoroughly decomposed.
Trace element:
Instance one: 15 parts in ferrous sulfate, 35 parts in zinc sulfate, 15 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate;
Instance two: 15 parts in ferrous sulfate, 35 parts in zinc sulfate, 10 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 10 parts in copper sulfate;
Instance three: 15 parts in ferrous sulfate, 40 parts in zinc sulfate, 10 parts of manganous sulfates, 30 parts of boraxs, 5 parts in copper sulfate.
Modifying agent:
Instance one: 25 parts in gypsum, 75 parts of wilkinites;
Instance two: 20 parts in gypsum, 80 parts of wilkinites;
Instance three: 30 parts in gypsum, 70 parts of wilkinites.
The preparation of tomato special fertilizer: by the prescription weighing, mix adds day ammonium Aspartic Acid 1-6 part of gathering of slowly-releasing composition, mist projection granulating, oven drying at low temperature, sieves, measures, detects qualified I type, the special-purpose fertilizer of II type of promptly get.
The application process of tomato special fertilizer: adopt base manure and topdress fertilizing method, before sowing in spring 1000 kilograms/mu of application of organic fertilizers with use fertile 30 kilograms/mu of I type; Bloom tomato, as a result the time, implement to topdress for the first time, use fertile 15 kilograms/mu of II type; At the young fruit expanding stage of tomato, implement to topdress for the second time, use fertile 10 kilograms/mu of II type.
This product verifies that through field experiment the result reaches design requirements.
Experimental field: Guang Lin village, villages and small towns, family, garden, Hutubi County, area 33.3m2, ground soil belongs to sandy loam, organic content 14.22g/kg, hydrolyzable nitrogen 37.5mg/kg, available phosphorus 0.9mg/kg, available potassium 217mg/kg; Peasant household's habits fertilization is diammonium phosphate and urea, blank for not executing any fertilizer.
Special-purpose fertile preparation:
Table 1
Numbering | Nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium | Sustained release drug | Gather a day ammonium Aspartic Acid | Synergistic agent | Trace element | Surplus |
No. 1 dedicated fertilizer | 1.5∶2∶1 | The 20kg/ ton | ---- | --- | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
No. 2 dedicated fertilizers | 1.5∶2∶1 | --- | The 5kg/ ton | --- | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
No. 3 dedicated fertilizers | 1.5∶2∶1 | --- | --- | The 40kg/ ton | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
No. 4 dedicated fertilizers | 1.5∶2∶1 | The 20kg/ ton | The 5kg/ ton | The 40kg/ ton | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
No. 5 dedicated fertilizers | 1.5∶2∶1 | --- | --- | --- | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
No. 6 dedicated fertilizers | 3.6∶2∶1 | --- | --- | --- | The 45kg/ ton | Modifying agent |
Special-purpose fertile application process:
Table 2
Project is handled | Base manure (kg/ sub-district) applies when plough spring | Topdress for the first time: first batch of fruit expanding period trench digging applies | Topdress for the second time: combine to irritate three water and be sprinkled into |
1 | No. 1 fertile 3kg/ of special use sub-district | The II fertile 0.8kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription | The II fertile 0.5kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription |
2 | No. 2 fertile 3kg/ of special use sub-districts | The II fertile 0.8kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription | The II fertile 0.5kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription |
3 | No. 3 fertile 3kg/ of special use sub-districts | The II fertile 0.8kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription | The II fertile 0.5kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription |
4 | No. 4 fertile 3kg/ of special use sub-districts | The II fertile 0.8kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription | The II fertile 0.5kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription |
5 | No. 0 fertile 3kg/ of special use sub-district | The II fertile 0.8kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription | The II fertile 0.5kg/ sub-district of filling a prescription |
6 | No. 00 fertile 4.3kg/ of special use sub-district | 0 | 0 |
7 | Peasant household habits fertilization 1kg/ sub-district | Urea 0.8kg/ sub-district | 0 |
8 | Blank (not executing any fertilizer) |
The technical measures of cultivation: adopt film-mulching cultivation, April, sowing was intertilled 2 seedling stage, and pouring water the time of infertility is 4 times; Irritated a water on June 5, combine once to topdress in fruit expanding period; Irritated secondary water on June 17; Secondary topdresses and combines to irritate three water; The end of pouring water for the last time July 20.
Two, test result analysis
1, tomato branch phase field investigation cartogram
Table 3
Last table result shows: the clear area tomato gets into branch after the phase, and pale green appears in the leaf look, and it is normal that other handle tomato growth; Plant height shows as: blank and peasant household habits fertilization plant are the highest relatively, and branch amount is also maximum, and No. 2 plant is the shortest relatively, and branch amount is also minimum.
2, tomato fruiting period field investigation cartogram
Table 4
Last table result shows: clear area tomato leaf look pale green, and performance fertilizer deficiency early ageing also diseased plant occurs; Diseased plant occurs No. 1, it is normal that other handle tomato growth, no early ageing phenomenon; What the per plant number was the highest is No. 00, secondly is No. 2, and minimum is blank; Disease resistance shows as: 33%, No. 1 sickness rate 22% of blank sickness rate, other processing are acted normally.The investigation of tomato ripening stage, what the per plant number was the highest is No. 2, and minimum is blank, and what mean fruit weight was the highest is No. 3, and minimum is blank.
3, tomato ripening stage field investigation statistics
Table 5
4, cell production and sequencing statistical table
Table 6
Conclusion is analyzed: the field test investigation shows, supplies six tomato special fertilizers of examination to contrast existence effect of increasing production in various degree with peasant household's habits fertilization; Wherein, Effect of increasing production is No. 2 special-purpose fertilizer the most significantly, secondly is No. 1 special-purpose fertilizer, and yes under the condition of equal dose.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a tomato special fertilizer is characterized in that: be made up of inorganic foster part, organic component, synergy composition, trace element, modifying agent; With parts by weight weighing mix, when granulation, add thinner, again through oven drying at low temperature, sieve, measure, detect the qualified I of making type, the II type is special-purpose fertile;
The fertile preparation of its I type: inorganic foster part urea 20-30 part, ammonium phosphate 30-40 part, vitriolate of tartar 15-20 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, rubbish or animal excrement 1-3 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of synergistic agent 1-5 part, trace element; Gypsum 2-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part; Poly-aspartic-acid 1-5 part of slowly-releasing;
The fertile preparation of its II type: inorganic foster part urea 20-30 part, ammonium phosphate 5-10 part, vitriolate of tartar 35-45 part; Humic acids 1-3 part of organic component, rubbish or animal excrement 1-5 part; Synergistic agent 2-5 part; Ferrous sulfate 0.1-1 part, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.8 part, manganous sulfate 0.1-0.6 part, borax 0.1-0.6 part, copper sulfate 0.1-0.4 part of trace element; Gypsum 2-7 part of modifying agent, wilkinite 3-13 part; Poly-aspartic-acid 1-5 part of slowly-releasing.
2. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the special-purpose fertile nitrogen of I type: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1.5: 2: 1.
3. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the special-purpose fertile nitrogen of II type: phosphorus: the potassium ratio is 1: 0.3: 1.8.
4. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fertile 30-50 kilogram of application of organic fertilizers 1000-1200 kilogram before sowing in spring/mu and I type/mu; Bloom tomato, fruiting period, impose the fertile 15-18 kilogram of II type/mu; At the young fruit expanding stage of tomato, impose the fertile 10-15 kilogram of II type/mu again one time.
5. according to the said special-purpose fertile preparation method of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the raw material of selecting for use is the commercially available prod.
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CN102417427A (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2012-04-18 | 河南心连心化肥有限公司 | Polyaspartic acid slow release compound fertilizer and production method thereof |
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CN102659477B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2014-08-06 | 朱长保 | Sustained-release organic fertilizer for fruits and vegetables and preparation method thereof |
CN102887777A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 新疆禾稼欢肥业科技有限责任公司 | Polypeptide nitrogen fertilizer |
CN103145469A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-06-12 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer suitable for tomato planting in middle and low fertility area |
CN103145468A (en) * | 2012-11-13 | 2013-06-12 | 陈卫文 | Compound fertilizer suitable for tomato planting in high fertility area |
CN103535148B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2015-04-22 | 李桥旺 | Fertilizer applying method for improving yield and quality of tomatoes |
CN103787738B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of Special basal fertilizer being suitable for greenhouse tomato seedling |
CN104355836B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-29 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | Fructus Lycopersici esculenti swollen fruit phase special fertilizer |
CN105272723A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-27 | 广西洪喜肥业有限公司 | Tomato composite fertilizer and production method thereof |
CN106561207A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-04-19 | 上海交通大学 | Fertilizer and water management irrigation method for tomato growth |
CN106588476A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 宁夏回族自治区农垦事业管理局农林牧技术推广服务中心 | Whole growth period full nutritional compound fertilizer dedicated for tomatoes |
CN107602244A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-01-19 | 广西双宸贸易有限责任公司 | A kind of tomato organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special |
CN108238824B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2021-04-02 | 国能生物发电集团有限公司 | Plant ash slow-release granular fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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