CN105330486A - Biocontrol synergistic nutrient package fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof - Google Patents
Biocontrol synergistic nutrient package fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to biocontrol synergistic nutrient package fertilizer special for solanaceous vegetables and an application method thereof. The nutrient package fertilizer is prepared from, by mass, 12%-31% of synergistic compost tea, 58%-70% of major element compound fertilizer, 9%-20% of soil conditioner and 0.1%-0.2% of medium trace element leaf fertilizer. The nutrient package fertilizer can meet the requirement of the solanaceous vegetables for nutrients at different growth and development stages, a large quantity of organic matter and microbial florae contained in the synergistic compost tea of the nutrient package fertilizer can balance the microbial ecology of soil, and soil-borne disease antagonistic bacteria are introduced for efficiently preventing soil-borne diseases of the solanaceous greenhouse vegetables.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of protecting field solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertile, and there is controlling disease effect of synergy, belong to vegetable fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
Good soil ecosystem is that Soil conservation continues the basic of productivity forever, is the basis realizing agricultural sustainable development.But in vegetable at protected field production system, long-term excessive use agrochemicals have broken the running balance that in soil, different microorganisms fauna maintains, and make beneficial microorganism quantity greatly decline.Add the irrational mode of production of protecting field, be such as punished for being related to, broad irrigation and washing away, destroy Soil structure, cause soil compaction.The bad meeting of soil aeration state aggravates the generation of harmful microbe breeding and toxin thereof further, thus threatens beneficial microorganism existence.The ecotope being conducive to plant-growth disappears because of the multifarious destruction of biological flora, causes vegetative pole easy infection disease, makes biological control face immense pressure.
Solanaceous vegetables is one of most important fruit vegetables in Vegetable produce, mainly comprises tomato, capsicum, eggplant, cucumber etc., has the advantages that vegetative period is long, output is high, nutrition absorption intensity is large.Solanaceous vegetables, except there being common nutrition absorption feature, also has common introduced disease, and under the environment of being therefore punished for being related at plastic greenhouse, easier big area infects disease and pest.The main trend of world today's agricultural biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion is advocated and is utilized pollution-free, eco-friendly biological prevention and control agent, therefore, takes environmental protection continuable biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion measure by imperative.
Compost tea is the organic materials of decomposition reactor system (abbreviation compost) extracting solution by obtaining after diverse ways lixiviate, its producing principle is in the process of lixiviate compost, add the food source of specified microorganisms, beneficial microbe colony quantity is increased greatly, thus making soil microenvironment more healthy, crop is introduced disease not easily.Compost tea except quick-acting mineral nutrient that plant in compost can be utilized and the lixiviate of solubility organic nutrient substance out, be rich in microorganism the material such as organic acid that produces of Metabolic activity, can also the potential nutrients of activating soil, improve the validity of difficultly soluble nutrient, for plant provides balanced nutrient.
The double effects of and biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion nutritious due to compost tea set, and using method is various, of many uses, the research both at home and abroad about compost tea application aspect has a lot.But research also finds, the biocontrol effect of compost tea has unstable and uncertainty, does not sometimes even show preventive effect simultaneously.The 1459th page of Ma Yan, Li Yanxia etc. strengthened Antagonistic Fungi fertilizer and thought the effect on greenhouse strawberry research of being punished for being related to " plant nutrition and fertilizer journal " the 17th volume the 6th phase in 2011, and its reason is because the colonization ability of antagonistic microbe in soil of external source soil-borne disease is not strong.In addition, the raw materials of compost tea, preparation technology and the specific nutrition substance change added, its preventive effect is also different, and reason is the change that the change of above-mentioned technique can cause compost Cha Zhong microflora's kind and quantity, thus strengthen or weaken certain class antagonistic microbe determine grow quantity.But the change amplitude of this microflora kind and quantity is less, little on the impact of compost tea preventive effect.But, by adding antagonistic microbe cultivation in compost tea, the antagonistic microbe colony number of specific soil-borne disease can be improved targetedly, improving diseases control; Conversely, the nutrient in compost tea also contribute to antagonistic microbe determine grow.
Antagonistic microbe is used with method strengthen antagonistic microbe current very ripe with fertilizer compatibility, but, still lack at present in compost tea, to add the report that antagonistic microbe heightens nutrition in compost tea and biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion performance.Further, utilize nutrition and the biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion double effects of antagonistic microbe synergy compost tea, efficient and free of contamination solution can be provided for the solanaceous vegetables high yield and disease control needing solution at present badly.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer and application process thereof of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy.The present invention, by adding antagonistic microbe cultivation in compost tea, improves the antagonistic microbe colony number of specific soil-borne disease targetedly; And, the nutrient in compost tea contribute to antagonistic microbe determine grow.Utilize the nutrition through the synergy compost tea of antagonistic microbe fermentation culture and biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion double effects, prepare set meal fertilizer, the high yield produced for solanaceous vegetables and disease control provide efficient and free of contamination solution.
Term illustrates:
In the present invention, composite fertilizer (A-B-C) refers to N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively A%, B% and C%; Such as: balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer (18-18-18) refers to N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 18%, 18% and 18%; High nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer (18-8-28) refers to N, P in composite fertilizer
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is respectively 18%, 8% and 28%.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy is fertile, by percentage to the quality, comprises following raw material composition:
Synergy compost tea 12% ~ 31%, macroelement composite fertilizer 58% ~ 70%, soil conditioner 9% ~ 20% and medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.2%;
Described synergy compost tea bag draws together compost tea and antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum.
According to the present invention, preferably, the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy is fertile, by percentage to the quality, comprises following raw material composition:
Synergy compost tea 20% ~ 22%, macroelement composite fertilizer 64% ~ 66%, soil conditioner 13% ~ 16% and medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.14% ~ 0.16%.
According to the present invention, preferably, described antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum comprises one or more mixing of following microbial strains:
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, fluorescent pseudomonas, trichoderma harziarum and viride;
Preferably, the amount that described antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum adds is 1 × 10
8~ 2 × 10
8cfu/mL.
According to the present invention, preferably, the raw material of described compost tea comprises compost and microorganism food source; Described compost by percentage to the quality, comprises feces of livestock and poultry 30% ~ 40%, Chinese medicine slag 25% ~ 35%, wood chip 15% ~ 25%, stalk 10% ~ 20%; It is 1:(0.5 ~ 1 that described microorganism food source comprises mass ratio): 0.5:(0.5 ~ 1) molasses, seaweed powder, fish hydrolysate and humic acid; Preferred further, in described compost tea, the add-on of microorganism food source is 1.5 ~ 3.5% of compost quality.
According to the present invention, preferably, described synergy compost tea prepares as follows:
The preparation of A compost tea
Be mixed in proportion by each for compost raw material, put into water after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add microorganism food source, ventilation lixiviate 1 ~ 3 day, filters, is compost tea after filtrate sterilization.
The preparation of B synergy compost tea
Antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum is added in the compost tea after sterilizing, stir, obtain synergy compost tea.
According to the preparation method of synergy compost tea of the present invention, preferably, in steps A, the quality of each raw material of compost and the ratio of water are 1:(3 ~ 10) kg/L, preferred 1:5kg/L.
According to the preparation method of synergy compost tea of the present invention, preferably, in step B, the method for sterilization is warp after filtrate being sealed
60co irradiation reaches sterility requirements.
According to the present invention, preferably, described macroelement composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 31% ~ 40% and the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 60% ~ 69%.
Preferred further, described macroelement composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the saltpetre type composite fertilizer 31% ~ 40%, N of 18%, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, the saltpetre type composite fertilizer 60% ~ 69% of 28%.
According to the present invention, preferably, the nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 31% ~ 35%, magnesium oxide 6% ~ 8%, silicon-dioxide 28% ~ 30%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5% ~ 8%.
According to the present invention, preferably, the nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 12% ~ 15%, magnesium oxide 1.5% ~ 2%, iron 0.05% ~ 0.1%, manganese 0.05% ~ 0.1%, copper 0.05% ~ 0.1%, zinc 0.05% ~ 0.1%, boron 0.1% ~ 0.2% forms, wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
According to the present invention, the application process of the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer of described biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy is:
Seedling stage:
1. before field planting 10 ~ 15 days, by synergy compost tea dilution 50 ~ 100 times, evenly water together with the compost of synergy compost tea and spill in soil surface; Balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer and soil conditioner are spread fertilizer over the fields after field mixes, appropriateness deep ploughing earthing.Each fertilizer mu consumption is: synergy compost tea 30 ~ 60L/ mu, compost 6 ~ 12kg/ mu used, balanced type potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, soil conditioner 50 ~ 100kg/ mu.
2. field planting is after 5 ~ 10 days, by synergy compost tea dilution 80 ~ 120 times, waters equably and spills in field planting ditch, 1 ~ 2 time, 15 ~ 20 days, interval, use compost 2 ~ 6kg/ mu at every turn, synergy compost tea 10 ~ 30L/ mu together with the compost of synergy compost tea; With balanced type saltpetre type, composite fertilizer evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch, every mu of consumption 40 ~ 50kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. synergy compost tea dilutes 50 and 100 times respectively, and for bar ditch spread and foliage-spray, 7 ~ 10 days once; Each synergy compost tea consumption is 20 ~ 40L/ mu, and wherein, 60% dilution 50 times, for bar ditch spread, 40% dilution 100 times, for foliage-spray.
2. carry out bar ditch spread with high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, 7 ~ 12 days once, each consumption 15 ~ 20kg/ mu.
3. carry out foliage-spray with medium trace element foliage fertilizer dilution 600 ~ 1200 times, 7 ~ 14 days once, each consumption 50ml/ mu.
4. terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage of gathering, execute once with the most backlash of balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, consumption is 25 ~ 30kg/ mu.
According to the present invention, the above each component raw material is commercial goods, and wherein balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, medium trace element foliage fertilizer market are on sale.The above compost tea is except by except prior art preparation, also can buying compost tea bag from market, be directly used in the preparation of compost tea.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. nutritive effect
Set meal provided by the invention is fertile in organic and inorganic nutrients equilibrium collocation, meet the nutrient demand of solanaceous vegetables Different growth phases in the time of infertility, crop annual production can be made to increase by 10.1% ~ 20.6%, drastically increase peasant income, solve that peasant's proportioning is improper, irrational problem of applying fertilizer simultaneously.
2. biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion effect
Set meal fertilizer provided by the invention uses with microorganism Antagonistic Fungi and compost tea compatibility, not only increase the overall content of compost Cha Zhong beneficial microorganism group, also improve the population quantity of specific antagonistic microbe targetedly, enhance the prevention effect to soil-borne disease insect pest.By the antibiosis of beneficial microorganism and phytopathogen, space and nutrient competition, hyperparasitism, Induction of Systemic Resistance of Plant and comprehensive action, suppress the generation of plant soil-borne diseases, cause graw mold of tomato and damping-off sickness rate to reduce by 6.5 ~ 8.6% and 6.7 ~ 8.9% respectively.
3. simple for production, of many uses
The fertile organic nutrient of set meal provided by the invention is produced easy, and compared with straw bioreactor technology, the making of compost tea does not need trench digging, without the need to punching, only needs the compost lixiviate that simple equipment will become thoroughly decomposed, easy to operate, saves a large amount of labor force.The method of application of compost tea is flexible, both can execute with water punching, also can foliage-spray, in conjunction with dripping an equipment of sprinkler irrigation, can also be applied to the Integration of Water into Fertilizer.
Embodiment:
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1 ~ 6 and comparative example warm up green house of vegetables year April in November, 2014 to 2015 in the winter of peasant household of Wang Fangtou village, Chong Gou town, Linshu County, Linyi and carry out.Examination vegetable variety is supplied to be tomato (hair powder 802).Seedling replanting, after 3 months, adds up the diseased plant of each embodiment and comparative example community and the occurrence degree of blade disease thereof, and each cell production of statistics after terminating in gathering.
Sickness rate, disease index are usually as the standard judging crop damage severity, and be also the basis weighing prevention effect quality, calculation formula is as follows respectively:
Sickness rate=(morbidity strain number/investigation strain number) × 100
Disease index=[∑ (the sick number of sheets at different levels × relative sick progression)/(investigation blade amt × 5)] × 100
Account for the per-cent of whole blade area according to blade injured area, be divided into 9 gradients, that is: 0,1%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 80% and 100%, then calculate disease index according to sick progression.
Comparative example 1:
Common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide mass content are respectively 18%, 18%, 18%, and 3000kg farm manure.The application process of comparative example is peasant habit method: namely spread fertilizer over the fields in soil surface by whole common compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and farm manure before ploughing, then turn over and bury, the later stage imposes composite fertilizer to fruiting period vegetables flowering period, and 7 ~ 12 days once.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 390L, compost 78kg used, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 130kg of 18%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 280kg of 28%, soil conditioner 100kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.85L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 31%, magnesium oxide 6%, silicon-dioxide 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 6%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 12%, magnesium oxide 1.5%, iron 0.005%, manganese 0.005%, copper 0.005%, zinc 0.005%, and boron 0.2% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is as follows:
The preparation of A compost tea
In 78kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 25kg, Chinese medicine slag 20kg, wood chip 18kg, stalk 15kg.
Each composting material is mixed in proportion, the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine is put into after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add that total mass is compost quality 1.5%, mass ratio is the molasses of 1:1:0.5:0.5, seaweed powder, fish hydrolysate and humic acid, the ventilation lixiviate filtrate that after 2 days, filtering supernatant obtains.
The preparation of B synergy compost tea
After the sterilizing of above-mentioned compost tea, add subtilis and bacillus licheniformis agent each 1 × 10
8cfu/mL, stirs, and namely obtains synergy compost tea.
Using of embodiment fertilizer:
Seedling stage:
1. before field planting 10 ~ 15 days, dilute 100 times together with compost with described synergy compost tea 30L/ mu, evenly water and spill in soil surface; By N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 50kg/ mu of 18%, and soil conditioner 100kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields after field mixes, appropriateness deep ploughing earthing;
2. field planting is after 7 days, dilutes 100 times and compost, evenly waters and spill in field planting ditch, water and execute 2 times, every minor tick 15 ~ 20 days, consumption 10L/ mu with described synergy compost tea.With N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 50kg/ of 18% is per mu evenly to be spread fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. prepare synergy compost tea 20L/ mu, wherein, 12L dilutes 50 times for bar ditch spread, and 8L dilutes 100 times, and for foliage-spray, 7 ~ 10 days once, and compost can continue lixiviate or add water to water to spill in field planting ditch;
2. with described N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, and the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 28% carries out bar ditch spread, and 7 ~ 10 days once, each 20kg/ mu;
3. carry out foliage-spray with described medium trace element foliage fertilizer dilution 600 ~ 1200 times, 7 ~ 14 days once, each 50ml/ mu;
4. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, with N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the most backlash of balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% is executed 1 time, and consumption is 30kg/ mu.
Before using, compost tea need be carried and a few days ago start preparation, and synergy compost tea is then now with the current, and the synergy compost tea prepared was finished using as far as possible in 6 hours at every turn.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 8.6%, the sickness rate of gray mold reduces by 6.5%, and disease index reduces by 11.7%.
Comparative example 2:
As described in Example 1, replace synergy compost tea unlike the use of common commercial compost tea (not adding antagonistic microbe), other are with embodiment 1.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 7.7%, the sickness rate of gray mold reduces by 4.9%, and disease index reduces by 8.2%.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 595L, compost 119kg used, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 115kg of 18%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 252kg of 28%, soil conditioner 75kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.85L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 33%, magnesium oxide 7%, silicon-dioxide 29%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 7%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 13.5%, magnesium oxide 1.8%, iron 0.1%, manganese 0.1%, copper 0.1%, zinc 0.1%, and boron 0.5% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Compost proportioning is different.In 119kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 40kg, Chinese medicine slag 35kg, wood chip 24kg, stalk 20kg.
The antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum added is different, is pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus polymyxa microbial inoculum.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. field planting first half of the month, described synergy compost tea, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% and the mu consumption of soil conditioner are respectively 45L, 45kg and 75kg;
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of each synergy compost tea is 20L/ mu; N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer amount of application of 18% is 45kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. the described synergy compost tea of each preparation 30L/ mu altogether, spreads fertilizer over the fields and is respectively 18L and 12L with the amount of application of foliage-spray;
2. N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, and each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 28% is 18kg/ mu;
3. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, using N-P-K content is 18%, 18%, and the amount of the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% is 25kg/ mu.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 9.1%, the sickness rate of gray mold reduces by 7.3%, and disease index reduces by 12.6%.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 800L, compost 160kg, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the balanced type potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 100kg of 18%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 210kg of 28%, soil conditioner 50kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.85L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 35%, magnesium oxide 8%, silicon-dioxide 30%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 8%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 15%, magnesium oxide 2%, iron 0.4%, manganese 0.4%, copper 0.4%, zinc 0.4%, and boron 1.4% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Compost proportioning is different.In 160kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 60kg, Chinese medicine slag 45kg, wood chip 30kg, stalk 25kg.
The antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum added is different, is pythium oligandrum and viride.
The application process of embodiment fertilizer is with embodiment 1, and difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. field planting first half of the month, described synergy compost tea, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% and the amount of application of soil conditioner are respectively 60L, 40kg, 50kg;
2. field planting is after 7 days, and the amount of application of each synergy compost tea is 30L; N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer amount of application of 18% is 40kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. the described synergy compost tea of each preparation 40L/ mu altogether, spreads fertilizer over the fields and is respectively 24L and 16L with the amount of application of foliage-spray;
2. N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, and each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 28% is 15kg/ mu;
3. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, using N-P-K content is 18%, 18%, and the amount of the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% is 20kg/ mu.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 11.9%, the sickness rate of gray mold reduces by 8.6%, and disease index reduces by 15.7%.
Embodiment 4:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 320L, compost 64kg, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 15%, the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 130kg of 15%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 12%, 11%, the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 220kg of 18%, soil conditioner 100kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.7L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 31%, magnesium oxide 6%, silicon-dioxide 28%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 6%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 12%, magnesium oxide 1.5%, iron 0.005%, manganese 0.005%, copper 0.005%, zinc 0.005%, and boron 0.2% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is:
In 64kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 22kg, Chinese medicine slag 20kg, wood chip 14kg, stalk 8kg.
Each composting material is mixed in proportion, the water of 5 times of volume removing chlorine is put into after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add that total mass is compost quality 3.5%, mass ratio is the molasses of 1:1:0.5:1, seaweed powder, fish hydrolysate and humic acid, the ventilation lixiviate filtrate that after 2 days, filtering supernatant obtains.
In the preparation process of described synergy compost tea, the antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum added is bacillus thuringiensis and trichoderma viride, and addition is 1 × 10
8cfu/mL.
Embodiment fertilizer use same embodiment 1, difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. field planting first half of the month, described synergy compost tea, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 15%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 15% and the mu consumption of soil conditioner are respectively 30L, 50kg, 100kg;
2. field planting is after 7 days, and water with synergy compost tea and execute 1 time, amount of application is 10L/ mu; N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 15%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer amount of application of 15% is 50kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. the described synergy compost tea of each preparation 20L/ mu altogether, spreads fertilizer over the fields and is respectively 12L and 8L with the amount of application of foliage-spray;
2. N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 12%, 11%, and each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 18% is 20kg/ mu;
3. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, use N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 15%, and the amount of the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 15% is 30kg/ mu.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 10.0%, the sickness rate of damping-off reduces by 8.1%, and disease index reduces by 11.5%.
Embodiment 5:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 485L, compost 97kg, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 19%, 19%, the balanced type potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 115kg of 19%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 16%, 6%, the high nitrogen and potassium type potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 198kg of 20%, soil conditioner 75kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.7L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 33%, magnesium oxide 7%, silicon-dioxide 29%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 7%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 13.5%, magnesium oxide 1.8%, iron 0.1%, manganese 0.1%, copper 0.1%, zinc 0.1%, and boron 0.5% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is with embodiment 4, and difference is:
In 97kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 34kg, Chinese medicine slag 30kg, wood chip 20kg, stalk 13kg.
To add antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum different, be subtilis, and addition is 2 × 10
8cfu/mL.
Embodiment fertilizer use same embodiment 1, difference is:
Seedling stage:
1. field planting first half of the month, described synergy compost tea, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 19%, 19%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 19% and the mu consumption of soil conditioner are respectively 45L, 45kg, 75kg;
2. field planting is after 7 days, and water with synergy compost tea and execute 1 time, amount of application is 40L/ mu; N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 19%, 19%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer amount of application of 19% is 45kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. the described synergy compost tea of each preparation 20L/ mu altogether, spreads fertilizer over the fields and is respectively 18L and 12L with the amount of application of foliage-spray;
2. N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 16%, 6%, and each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 20% is 18kg/ mu;
3. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, use N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 19%, 19%, and the amount of the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 19% is 25kg/ mu.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 10.4%, the sickness rate of damping-off reduces by 6.7%, and disease index reduces by 13.2%.
Embodiment 6:
A kind of solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer with control nematode effect, every mu of consumption comprises: synergy compost tea 650L, fertile 130kg, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 20%, 20%, the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 100kg of 20%, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 10%, the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer 155kg of 17%, soil conditioner 50kg, medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.7L.
The nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 35%, magnesium oxide 8%, silicon-dioxide 30%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 8%.
The nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 15%, magnesium oxide 2%, iron 0.4%, manganese 0.4%, copper 0.4%, zinc 0.4%, and boron 1.4% forms, and wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
The preparation method of described synergy compost tea is with embodiment 4, and difference is:
In 130kg compost: feces of livestock and poultry 45kg, Chinese medicine slag 40kg, wood chip 30kg, stalk 15kg.
To add antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum different, be subtilis and newborn genus bacillus, respectively add 1 × 10
8cfu/mL.
Embodiment fertilizer use same embodiment 1, difference is
Seedling stage:
1. field planting first half of the month, described synergy compost tea, N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 20%, 20%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 20% and the mu consumption of soil conditioner are respectively 60L, 40kg, 50kg;
2. field planting is after 7 days, and water with synergy compost tea and execute 1 time, amount of application is 30L/ mu; N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 20%, 20%, and the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer amount of application of 20% is 40kg/ mu.
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. the described synergy compost tea of each preparation 40L/ mu altogether, spreads fertilizer over the fields and is respectively 24L and 16L with the amount of application of foliage-spray;
2. N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 15%, 10%, and each amount of application of high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 17% is 15kg/ mu;
3. gather and terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage, use N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 20%, 20%, and the amount of the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 20% is 20kg/ mu.
Application effect:
Tomato production promoting 12.7%, the sickness rate of damping-off reduces by 8.9%, and disease index reduces by 16.1%.
Above-described embodiment is better embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention; all within spirit of the present invention and principle, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, combination, simplification, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of a biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy is fertile, it is characterized in that, this set meal fertilizer by percentage to the quality, comprises following raw material composition:
Synergy compost tea 12% ~ 31%, macroelement composite fertilizer 58% ~ 70%, soil conditioner 9% ~ 20% and medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.1% ~ 0.2%;
Described synergy compost tea bag draws together compost tea and antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum.
2. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, it is characterized in that, this set meal fertilizer by percentage to the quality, comprises following raw material composition:
Synergy compost tea 20% ~ 22%, macroelement composite fertilizer 64% ~ 66%, soil conditioner 13% ~ 16% and medium trace element foliage fertilizer 0.14% ~ 0.16%.
3. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, it is characterized in that, described antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum comprises one or more mixing of following microbial strains:
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Paenibacillus polymyxa, subtilis, bacillus thuringiensis, fluorescent pseudomonas, trichoderma harziarum and viride;
Preferably, the amount that described antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum adds is 1 × 10
8~ 2 × 10
8cfu/mL.
4. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, the raw material of described compost tea comprises compost and microorganism food source; Described compost by percentage to the quality, comprises feces of livestock and poultry 30% ~ 40%, Chinese medicine slag 25% ~ 35%, wood chip 15% ~ 25%, stalk 10% ~ 20%; It is 1:(0.5 ~ 1 that described microorganism food source comprises mass ratio): 0.5:(0.5 ~ 1) molasses, seaweed powder, fish hydrolysate and humic acid; Preferably, in described compost tea, the add-on of microorganism food source is 1.5 ~ 3.5% of compost quality.
5. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, described synergy compost tea prepares as follows:
The preparation of A compost tea
Be mixed in proportion by each for compost raw material, put into water after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed, add microorganism food source, ventilation lixiviate 1 ~ 3 day, filters, is compost tea after filtrate sterilization;
The preparation of B synergy compost tea
Antagonistic microbe microbial inoculum is added in the compost tea after sterilizing, stir, obtain synergy compost tea.
6. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 5 is fertile, and it is characterized in that, in steps A, the quality of each raw material of compost and the ratio of water are 1:(3 ~ 10) kg/L.
7. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, it is characterized in that, described macroelement composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: the balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 31% ~ 40% and the high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer of 60% ~ 69%;
Preferably, described macroelement composite fertilizer is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: N, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 18%, the saltpetre type composite fertilizer 31% ~ 40%, N of 18%, P
2o
5, K
2the mass percentage of O is 18%, 8%, the saltpetre type composite fertilizer 60% ~ 69% of 28%.
8. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, it is characterized in that, the nutrient content mass percent of described soil conditioner is: calcium oxide 31% ~ 35%, magnesium oxide 6% ~ 8%, silicon-dioxide 28% ~ 30%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 5% ~ 8%.
9. the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy according to claim 1 is fertile, it is characterized in that, the nutrient content mass percent of described medium trace element foliage fertilizer is: calcium oxide 12% ~ 15%, magnesium oxide 1.5% ~ 2%, iron 0.05% ~ 0.1%, manganese 0.05% ~ 0.1%, copper 0.05% ~ 0.1%, zinc 0.05% ~ 0.1%, boron 0.1% ~ 0.2% forms, wherein, iron, manganese, copper, zinc element are EDTA Chelating state.
10. the application process of the solanaceous vegetables special nutrient set fertilizer of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion synergy described in any one of claim 1-9, step is as follows:
Seedling stage:
1. before field planting 10 ~ 15 days, by synergy compost tea dilution 50 ~ 100 times, evenly water together with the compost of synergy compost tea and spill in soil surface; Balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer and soil conditioner are spread fertilizer over the fields after field mixes, appropriateness deep ploughing earthing.Each fertilizer mu consumption is: synergy compost tea 30 ~ 60L/ mu, compost 6 ~ 12kg/ mu used, balanced type potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg/ mu, soil conditioner 50 ~ 100kg/ mu;
2. field planting is after 5 ~ 10 days, by synergy compost tea dilution 80 ~ 120 times, waters equably and spills in field planting ditch, 1 ~ 2 time, 15 ~ 20 days, interval, use compost 2 ~ 6kg/ mu at every turn, synergy compost tea 10 ~ 30L/ mu together with the compost of synergy compost tea; With balanced type saltpetre type, composite fertilizer evenly spreads fertilizer over the fields in field planting ditch, every mu of consumption 40 ~ 50kg/ mu;
Flowering period-gather latter stage:
1. synergy compost tea dilutes 50 and 100 times respectively, and for bar ditch spread and foliage-spray, 7 ~ 10 days once; The total consumption of each synergy compost tea is 20 ~ 40L/ mu, wherein, 60% dilution 50 times, for bar ditch spread, 40% dilution 100 times, for foliage-spray;
2. carry out bar ditch spread with high nitrogen and potassium type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, 7 ~ 12 days once, each consumption 15 ~ 20kg/ mu;
3. carry out foliage-spray with medium trace element foliage fertilizer dilution 600 ~ 1200 times, 7 ~ 14 days once, each consumption 50ml/ mu;
4. terminate first 7 ~ 15 days latter stage of gathering, execute once with the most backlash of balanced type saltpetre type composite fertilizer, consumption is 25 ~ 30kg/ mu.
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