CN108901751B - A solid substrate suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables and planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a solid substrate suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables and a method for three-dimensional planting of vegetables. The solid substrate comprises 2-5 parts by volume of an organic substrate, 1 part by volume of a light inorganic substrate, and 0.5-1 part by volume of a heavy inorganic substrate; The organic substrate is selected from at least one of vermicompost, fermented vermicompost, woody stem debris, and humic acid; the light inorganic substrate is selected from vermiculite or perlite; the heavy inorganic substrate is The matrix is selected from river sand, volcanic rock or cinder, and the particle size is 5~30mm. The invention can provide effective nutrients for the production of vegetables by mixing organic substrates, light inorganic substrates and hard inorganic substrates. During the planting process, only natural water (rainwater, groundwater or tap water) can be used for watering. It does not need to be compounded into a nutrient solution, which is convenient for use and reduces labor intensity; it can also reduce the discharge of agricultural nutrient-rich water, so as to avoid pollution caused by nutrient-rich water oxidation caused by the discharge of nutrient solution after watering.

Description

Solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables and planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural vegetable planting, in particular to a solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional vegetable planting and a three-dimensional vegetable planting method.

Background

The water resource utilization of China is formed, agricultural water accounts for 63%, industrial water accounts for 22%, and urban domestic water accounts for 12%. With the economic development and the increase of population quantity of China, the water consumption of industry and city will increase continuously in the future, and the water pollution degree will deteriorate continuously, so the proportion of agricultural water will be reduced, and the agricultural water faces huge pressure. The existing agricultural field crops mainly use furrow irrigation and furrow irrigation, have large water consumption, mainly use furrow application and broadcasting application as fertilizers, have large fertilizing amount and easily cause pollution to underground water. The agricultural sightseeing picking garden mainly uses a greenhouse as a main part, the irrigation mode is underground water irrigation, the fertilization mainly uses compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers, the chemical fertilizers are applied during topdressing, and farmers rarely consider the investment of irrigation and fertilization quantities in order to pursue high benefit, so that the cost is increased, and serious threat is generated to underground water.

The stereoscopic planting is an advanced cultivation technology widely adopted in global facility agriculture, and has the advantages of saving cultivated land, saving water, realizing intelligent planting and the like. The traditional three-dimensional planting can adopt two modes of solid matrix cultivation and water cultivation, the matrix for solid matrix cultivation is usually peat, coconut coir and other light materials, but the peat is imported, so that the cost of the matrix is increased, the peat and the coconut coir contain less nutrient components, and nutrient solution is needed to irrigate plants in the later period to meet the growth requirement, so that the cost of later-period maintenance is increased; hydroponics is usually planted directly using nutrient solution, but requires plants to be sown, rooted, germinated and then transplanted, and due to the large weight of the hydroponic medium, the scale of three-dimensional planting is limited.

Chinese patent CN104496657A discloses a container seedling raising substrate special for leaf vegetables, which is composed of compounded turfy soil, expanded perlite, vermiculite, furnace ash, sawdust, carbonized rice hulls, a long-acting composite slow-release fertilizer, a water-retaining agent and waste mushroom bran, can meet the requirement of three-dimensional planting, but has complex components and needs to be additionally added with the composite slow-release fertilizer.

Method of the invention

The invention aims to provide a solid matrix formula which is suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables, can be recycled, is easy to obtain, has low cost and simple proportion, and can promote the growth of the vegetables and the accumulation of nutrient substances.

The invention also aims to provide a three-dimensional vegetable planting method, which can save water resources, does not need to compound nutrient solution, is convenient to maintain, realizes three-dimensional planting, saves space, and can carry a modern control module to realize the three-dimensional vegetable planting method of intelligent agriculture.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables comprises 2-5 parts by volume of an organic matrix, 1 part by volume of a light inorganic matrix and 0.5-1 part by volume of a heavy inorganic matrix; the organic substrate is at least one of earthworm excrement, fermented earthworm and rabbit excrement, wood stem scraps and humic acid; the light inorganic matrix is selected from vermiculite or perlite; the heavy inorganic matrix is selected from river sand, volcanic rock or coal cinder, and the particle size is 5-30 mm.

The organic substrate in the solid substrate suitable for three-dimensional vegetable planting is earthworm cast, fermented earthworm and rabbit cast or humic acid, and the volume parts are 2-4 parts.

The solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional vegetable planting is characterized in that the organic matrix is wood stem scraps, the wood stem scraps are selected from grape branch scraps, apple branch scraps or pine scales, and the volume parts are 2-4 parts.

The organic substrate in the solid substrate suitable for three-dimensional vegetable planting is a mixture of wormcast, fermented earthworm and rabbit manure and wood stem scraps, wherein the wormcast is 0-3 parts by volume, the fermented earthworm and rabbit manure is 1-2 parts by volume, and the wood stem scraps are 0.5-3 parts by volume.

The light inorganic matrix in the solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables is perlite, and the heavy inorganic matrix is river sand.

The content of the heavy inorganic matrix in the solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables is 1 volume part.

The light inorganic matrix in the solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables is perlite, and the heavy inorganic matrix is river sand; the volume parts of the components are as follows: the organic matrix is a light inorganic matrix, and the heavy inorganic matrix is (2-4): 1: 1.

The solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional vegetable planting also comprises 0.05-0.1 volume part of hawthorn seed carbon.

The vegetable three-dimensional planting method uses the solid matrix and comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: solid matrix treatment: sieving the solid matrix to obtain particles with particle size not greater than 5 mm; repeatedly rinsing with clear water until the pH value is reduced to 5.5-7.0, sterilizing the substrate with a bactericide before potting, spreading the substrate on the outdoor cover, exposing the substrate with a black plastic film for 1 day, and lifting the plastic film after exposing the substrate to volatilize the bactericide fully; the treated solid matrix is subpackaged in planting pots, and the matrix is watered or soaked in the pots to keep the matrix moist;

step two: sowing, namely sowing seeds in a planting pot, and covering the same solid matrix for 0.5-1 cm after sowing;

step three: planting management: keeping the matrix wet before germination, preferably holding the matrix to see the watermark but not dripping water, and scattering the matrix when falling to the ground, and keeping the matrix dry and wet after germination until harvesting; the substrate wetting method can be a basin soaking method, a pouring method or a spraying method, and the wetting medium is water.

The three-dimensional vegetable planting of the invention is a three-dimensional multi-layer cultivation system which can be formed by a three-dimensional column type, a multi-layer rail type or a closed drawer disc type in a space with a certain volume in a multi-layer space planting mode realized by a cultivation facility.

The earthworm cast in the organic substrate is also called earthworm soil, and can not be subjected to fermentation/stack retting treatment.

The fermented earthworm rabbit dung is an organic matrix generated after earthworms are further bred by the fermented rabbit dung. The rabbit dung is collected, piled, retted, fully fermented (watering fermentation or non-watering fermentation), and fed to earthworms for 10-180 days.

When the volume fraction of the wood stem scraps exceeds 0.5 volume fraction, composting treatment is needed in advance, substances which are easy to decompose in the matrix are thoroughly decomposed (generally decomposed into lignin, humus and the like), toxic substances can be eliminated, and the substances are converted into the matrix with stable biological properties. In the composting process, the total volume of the single compost is not less than 3m³。

The humic acid is coal humic acid, generally weathered coal slag with the humic acid content of 30-50%, and the particle size is 3-5 mm.

The hawthorn seed carbon is waste generated after active ingredients of hawthorn (also called as fructus crataegi) seeds are subjected to deep processing and extracted, and the matrix can be further improved by matching with the matrix.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the wormcast and the wooden stem scraps adopted by the invention are renewable resources, light in weight, free from hardening and rich in nutrition. The earthworms are commercially cultured at present, can be produced in large quantity and meet the requirements; the wood stem scraps belong to one kind of agricultural waste products, and the wood stem scraps can be recycled to realize local materials, so that the cost of the solid matrix is further reduced. The humic acid adopted by the invention is weathered coal humic acid, and the content and the reserve of China are very rich. According to the invention, the wormcast, the wood stem scraps or the weathered coal is used for replacing peat commonly used in the current stereoscopic planting, so that not only can peat resources be protected, but also a substitution scheme of the solid matrix for the stereoscopic planting is provided; and the cost can be greatly reduced.

The light inorganic matrix is made of vermiculite or perlite, is easy to obtain, and can be loosened to prevent hardening. The hard inorganic matrix is river sand, volcanic rock or coal cinder, is not easy to pulverize, and can play a role in compacting crops and preventing lodging.

According to the invention, the organic matrix, the light inorganic matrix and the hard inorganic matrix are mixed for use, so that effective nutrient substances can be provided for the production of vegetables, and in the planting process, the vegetables are irrigated only by natural water (rainwater, underground water or tap water) without being compounded into nutrient solution, so that the use is convenient, and the labor intensity is reduced; but also can reduce the discharge of agricultural eutrophic water so as to avoid the pollution caused by water quality enrichment due to the discharge of nutrient solution after irrigation.

The invention adopts the hawthorn seed carbon to further improve the substrate, the improved substrate does not grow bacteria and insects, does not grow moss, is beneficial to the growth of vegetables, has natural components, does not contain substances harmful to human bodies, and does not need to apply pesticides.

The three-dimensional planting method is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, can be developed in a three-dimensional way, saves the cultivated land area, can improve the agricultural planting efficiency by utilizing the space which cannot be utilized by the traditional agriculture such as the side wall of an agricultural greenhouse, and can realize the balcony planting of a family, beautify the environment and provide household vegetables; and because realize three-dimensional planting, through carrying on intelligent module, like numerical control spray module, numerical control illumination module, can realize intelligent planting, practice thrift the human cost.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

The grass carbon for testing in the embodiments of the invention is Flora gard imported from Germany, which mainly comprises peat of moss, wherein the peat is uniform in fiber, loose in texture, breathable, water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining; the earthworm cast is a product of earthworms eating the rabbit cast, is purchased from earthworm farms in Lingshou county of Shijiazhuang city, has uniform texture and good quality; the cake fertilizer is waste for making sesame paste and is obtained by performing independent composting in a garden; the dead branches of the grapes are waste collected after the grapes in the garden are trimmed; the vermiculite is purchased from the Luquan area of Shijiazhuang, has pure color and luster, and is uniformly dried; the perlite is purchased from an online shopping platform, and the particle size is 3-5 mm; the river sand is collected from the Hutuo river in Shijiazhuang city.

The multilayer three-dimensional planting frame is purchased from Shanghai Yingneng energy-saving and environment-friendly science and technology Limited, each single frame is provided with a box body and a pot body, the box body is 20cm in length, 6cm in width, 25cm in height, and the pot body is 15cm in caliber, 11.5cm in bottom diameter and 13cm in height. 20 sets of the device can be assembled every 1m 2. As required by the test, 20 sets of the wire netting with the specification of 7cm by 7cm and the height of 1.5m are assembled in each cell and fixed on the wall.

The fermented earthworm and rabbit manure of the invention: the rabbit dung is subjected to stack retting treatment after being collected, wet fermentation is carried out for 10 days, 10 earthworms are inoculated, and the earthworm production is driven out after the rabbit dung is raised for 90 days. The breeding mode of the earthworms is consistent with that of the common breeding mode.

The hawthorn seed carbon is produced by putting the hawthorn seeds produced in the deep processing process of hawthorn in a closed container, performing vacuum pyrolysis, distillation, extraction and other series processes, extracting effective functional components from the hawthorn seeds for the second time, and further carbonizing the solid slag.

Examples 1 to 4

Table 1: examples 1 to 4 solid substrate compounding ratios

Processing number	Test treatment	Ratio of
			Example 1	Earthworm cast: perlite: volcanic rock	3：1：1
Example 2	Earthworm cast: vermiculite: river sand	3：1：1
			Example 3	Grape branch chipping: vermiculite: river sand	3：1：1
Example 4	Fermenting earthworm and rabbit manure: grape branch chipping: perlite: river sand	3：0.5：1：1
			CK 1	Cake fertilizer: vermiculite: river sand	3：1：1
CK 2	Grass carbon: vermiculite: river sand	3：1
			CK3	Grass carbon: perlite: river sand	3：1：1

Matrix treatment: before the selection test, the matrix is sieved to ensure uniform and reasonable particle size, and is repeatedly rinsed by clear water until the pH value is reduced to about 6, and the EC is more than 1m S/cm and less than 3m S/cm. And (3) spreading the black plastic film on the outdoor cover, and exposing the black plastic film for sterilization.

The 7 treated substrates were mixed evenly according to the experimental design, each nutrition pot was filled with an equal volume of substrate and watered in a suitable amount to keep it moist.

Test example 1: rape seed

Sowing treatment: and (3) airing the seeds before sowing for 2-3 days under the illumination condition so as to kill germs on the surfaces of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds. Soaking the seeds in warm water, wherein the water amount is 3-5 times of the amount of the seeds, the water temperature is about 55 ℃, continuously stirring, supplying warm water at any time, keeping the water temperature at 55 ℃ for 10 min, then cooling to room temperature, soaking for 4 h, then sowing in a nutrition pot, each pot is 5 grains, and covering the same substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing.

Field management: before germination, the substrate is kept wet, the substrate is preferably held tightly to see the watermark but not to drip water, and the substrate is too wet and easy to block seedlings when falling to the ground. The multilayer three-dimensional planting frame for the test has a water storage space, and water can be supplemented through osmosis. And multiple observations are carried out and timely recording is carried out. Fully understand the growth condition of the rape under the environment of the facility greenhouse and the possible plant diseases and insect pests, and do prevention work.

The measurement contents are as follows:

seedling emergence stage

And observing the emergence condition of the plants after 3 days after sowing, and recording. And entering a seedling stage when the number of seedlings in each treatment accounts for 50 percent of the total number.

② harvesting period

After 48 days of sowing, the number of treated true leaves reaches 6 or more, and the rape treated individually is mature and can be picked. Observing the maturity of the rape seeds treated by each method, and picking the rape seeds which are already mature by the individual treatments. And measuring the leaf number, the plant height, the leaf width and the leaf length of the plant and randomly sampling.

And (3) measuring the fresh weight of the whole plant, the fresh weight and dry weight of the root and the fresh weight and dry weight of the root of the plant, and measuring the contents of nitrate, chlorophyll and VC of leaves and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the root of the leaves.

The determination method comprises the following steps:

firstly, measuring the number of leaves, the height, the width and the length of leaves of the plants by using a ruler.

Measuring the fresh weight of the whole plant, the fresh weight above the root and the fresh weight of the root by using an electronic balance; deactivating enzyme at the temperature of 105 deg.c for 20 min, and stoving at 80 deg.c to constant weight.

Wherein the 105 ° enzyme deactivation is to stop the action of enzyme and to prevent the conversion and consumption of active substances or other components in plant tissues, and is to determine the content of a certain compound. If the drying process is only used for simply measuring the dry matter, the drying process can also be directly carried out without enzyme deactivation.

Measuring the nitrate content of the plants by a salicylic acid colorimetric method; measuring the light absorption value of the chlorophyll extract at the maximum absorption wavelength by a spectrophotometer, and calculating the indexes of all pigments in the extract according to the Lambert-beer law; the VC content is determined by a 2, 6-dichloroindophenol titration method.

The test results are as follows:

TABLE 1-1 Effect of different solid substrates on the emergence of Brassica napus

Processing number	3d	Plant height (cm)	5d	Plant height (cm)
					Example 1	53.3%	0.90	85.6%	3.73
Example 2	50%	1.02	83.3%	3.10
					Example 3	58.3%	0.70	83.3%	3.33
Example 4	66.7%	1.14	100%	4.38
					CK1	0%	0.00	0%	0.00
CK2	41.7%	1.00	91.7%	3.65
					CK3	100%	1.50	100%	5.49

As shown in Table 1-1, the test treatment of CK3 reached 100% of emergence rate at 3 days after sowing, and the plant height reached 5.49cm at 5 days after emergence; example 4 test treatment of wormcast, grape branch chippings, vermiculite and perlite seedling emergence was completed on the 5 th day after sowing, with the rate of emergence being 100% and the plant height being 4.38 cm. The emergence effect of the test treatment of example 4 was inferior to the test treatment of CK 3. The seedling emergence is also completed in the examples 2 and 3 respectively containing the organic substrate wormcast or grape branch scraps, and the seedling emergence rate is 83.3% at the 5 th day after sowing. The control treatment CK2 showed a lower rate of emergence than the CK3 test treatment with turf, with a rate of emergence of 91.7% at day 5 after sowing. Seedlings of the seedling agronomic form control group CK are observed to be slender, light green in color and thin in cotyledon. Although the rate of emergence is superior to that of treatment of other organic substrates containing wormcast and the like, the quality of emergence is inferior to that of experimental treatment containing wormcast. The CK1 treated with the organic substrate cake fertilizer has no emergence of seedlings all the time, the substrate is sticky when meeting water, and the water seeped outwards is brown and has ammonia odor. In conclusion: when CK1 is treated, seedling burning phenomenon occurs, the cake fertilizer for experiments is not fermented completely, and can be used as a common organic fertilizer for small-proportion application but cannot be used as a substrate for soilless culture for seedling and culture. The wormcast does not need fermentation treatment, but can achieve good seedling emergence effect.

TABLE 1-2 Effect of different composite substrates on agronomic performance of Brassica napus

Processing number	Plant height (cm)	Number of blades (sheet)	Leaf width (cm)	Leaf length (cm)	Blade spread (cm 2)	Colour(s)
							Example 1	18.97	13.33	6.34	10.82	69.09	Dark green
Example 2	16.73	12.33	5.92	9.63	57.34	Dark green
							Example 3	12.63	11.00	4.73	7.47	35.33	Light green
Example 4	19.07	13.54	6.33	10.85	68.57	Dark green
							CK2	12.97	12.32	4.70	8.38	39.48	Light green
CK3	12.84	12.33	4.46	7.61	33.89	Light green

As shown in tables 1-2, it can be found by analyzing the number of leaves, plant height, leaf width, leaf length, and leaf spread in the plant seedling stage that: example 4 had a significantly higher number of leaves than the other treatments, followed by the test treatment of example 1. The test treatment CK2 and CK3 with the organic matrix of the turf have more leaves than the test treatment CK3 with the inorganic matrix of perlite. Similarly, in the test treatment examples 1 and 2 in which the organic substrate was wormcast, the number of leaves in the test treatment example 1 containing the inorganic substrate perlite was larger than that in the test treatment containing vermiculite. The leaf numbers of the control groups CK2 and CK3 were not significantly different from those of example 2. The comparison of the strain height shows that the strain heights of the wormcast-containing treated examples 1 and 2 and the fermented earthworm-containing rabbit dung-containing example 4 are higher than those of the grass peat-containing treated CK2 and CK 3.

TABLE 1-3 Effect of different composite matrices on the fresh and dry weight of Brassica napus

Processing number	Fresh weight of whole plant (g)	Total plant dry weight (g)	Fresh weight on root (g)	Root weight (g)
					Example 1	30.81	2.69	29.48	2.31
Example 2	26.62	2.22	25.57	1.96
					Example 3	15.28	1.98	14.06	1.67
Example 4	30.85	2.73	29.57	2.34
					CK2	18.77	2.17	17.66	1.92
CK3	11.87	1.68	10.90	1.44

Shown by tables 1-3: the indexes of the treatment example 1 and the treatment example 2 containing the earthworm cast and the example 4 containing the fermented earthworm and rabbit cast show high-level significance. The weight of the individual plant in example 1 is 30.81g, the individual plant in example 4 is 30.85g, which are both significantly higher than the CK2 and CK3 control groups containing turf, wherein the fresh dry weight of the small rape can be further increased by adding a small amount of grapevine branch crumbs into the organic matrix.

TABLE 1-4 Effect of different composite bases on chlorophyll, VC and nitrate content of Brassica campestris

Processing number	Chlorophyll a (mg/L)	Chlorophyll b (mg/L)	Total chlorophyll (mg/L)	VC（mg/100g）	Nitrate (mg/kg)
						Example 1	12.77	3.67	16.44	92	49.95
Example 2	9.06	2.55	11.61	98	50.61
						Example 3	3.41	0.93	4.33	94	59.10
Example 4	13.74	3.75	16.65	98	50.26
						CK2	6.04	1.55	7.60	58	32.35
CK3	5.52	1.55	7.07	75	45.51

As shown in tables 1 to 4, the chlorophyll level and Vc content of examples 1, 2 and 4 were more significant than those of the other treatments. The nitrate content in the vegetable is related to the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, and the nitrate content and the nitrogen fertilizer are in positive correlation. No fertilizer is used in the whole test process in the test, and the nitrate content of the leaves comes from the absorption and conversion of the original nitrogen of the matrix. In addition, the aeration environment of the root system also influences the accumulation of the nitrate, and the nitrate accumulation of each example and the control group has no significant difference, which shows that the air permeability of the root is good when each substrate is planted.

Description of the test of test example 1: the test treatment containing the traditional organic matrix turf (CK 2 and CK 3) is an excellent seedling culture matrix, and the advantage of the agricultural shape in the seedling stage is obvious. However, in the seedling strengthening period and after the harvest period, the test treatment containing the novel organic substrate earthworm manure and the fermented earthworm and rabbit manure is relatively obvious in advantages of agronomic characters, fresh and dry plant weight, chlorophyll, VC, nitrate content and the like, and the cultivation effect is obvious, wherein the test treatment with the volume ratio of the fermented earthworm and rabbit manure to the grape vine branch scraps to perlite to river sand of 3:0.5:1:1 in example 4 is the best cultivation effect.

Examples 5 to 10

Table 2: examples 5 to 10 solid substrate compounding ratio

Processing number	Test treatment	Ratio of
			Example 5	Fermenting earthworm and rabbit manure: carbon of hawthorn seeds: vermiculite: river sand	2：0.1：1：1
Example 6	Earthworm cast: loosening scales: vermiculite: coal cinder	3：1：1：1
			Example 7	Earthworm cast: perlite: river sand	5：1：1
Example 8	Grape branch chipping: vermiculite: volcanic rock	2.5：1：1
			Example 9	Fermenting earthworm and rabbit manure: carbon of hawthorn seeds: vermiculite: river sand	2：0.1：1：1
Example 10	Weathering coal slag: carbon of hawthorn seeds: perlite: river sand	4：0.05：1：1
			CK	Grass carbon: vermiculite: perlite	3：1：1

Wherein the grape branch scraps of example 8 are subjected to composting pretreatment and fully fermented. The weathered coal slag in example 6 was weathered coal slag having a humic acid content of 50%.

Test example 2: lettuce

Sowing treatment: and (3) airing the seeds before sowing for 2-3 days under the illumination condition so as to kill germs on the surfaces of the seeds and improve the germination rate of the seeds. Soaking the seeds in warm water, wherein the water amount is 3-5 times of the amount of the seeds, the water temperature is about 55 ℃, continuously stirring, supplying warm water at any time, keeping the water temperature at 55 ℃ for 10 min, then cooling to room temperature, soaking for 4 h, then sowing in a nutrition pot, wherein 4 seeds in each pot are covered with the same substrate with the thickness of 1cm after sowing.

Field management: before germination, the substrate is kept wet, so that the substrate is held tightly to see the watermark but not drip water, and the substrate is preferably scattered when falling to the ground. The multilayer three-dimensional planting frame for the test has a water storage space, and water can be supplemented through osmosis. And multiple observations are carried out and timely recording is carried out.

The contents and method of measurement were the same as those in test example 1.

TABLE 2-1 Effect of different composite matrices on the fresh and dry weight of Brassica napus

Processing number	Fresh weight of whole plant (g)	Total plant dry weight (g)	Fresh weight on root (g)	Root weight (g)
					Example 5	35.83	4.69	34.98	3.71
Example 6	25.49	2.94	23.78	2.32
					Example 7	19.98	2.89	18.06	2.67
Example 8	35.45	4.54	34.07	3.64
					Example 9	35.71	4.47	34.66	3.52
Example 10	27.42	3.56	26.57	2.76
					CK	16.07	2.68	14.90	1.98

Shown by Table 2-1: the indexes of the treatment examples 5, 8 and 9 with the organic matrix of 2-2.5 volume parts and the volume ratio of 50-55% show high-level significance, have obvious difference with a control group (grass peat, vermiculite and perlite), and have obvious advantages compared with the control group when the treatment (examples 6, 7 and 10) with the organic content of more than 66% has the same advantages, but the planting effect (plant size and fresh weight of the plant) is not as good as that of the examples with lower organic content.

TABLE 2-2 Effect of different composite bases on chlorophyll, VC and nitrate content of Brassica campestris

Processing number	Chlorophyll a (mg/L)	Chlorophyll b (mg/L)	Total chlorophyll (mg/L)	VC（mg/100g）	Nitrate (mg/kg)
						Example 5	15.64	5.75	21.39	118	45.26
Example 6	11.17	3.55	14.72	108	45.61
						Example 7	11.51	2.93	14.44	104	50.10
Example 8	14.87	4.13	19	110	45.31
						Example 9	15.14	4.67	19.81	114	46.95
Example 10	10.33	2.98	13.31	98	45.22
						CK	5.52	1.95	7.47	75	45.51

As shown in table 2-2, examples 5, 8 and 9 had significant chlorophyll levels and Vc contents compared to other treatments, significantly due to the organic matrix content exceeding 66% in the test groups (examples 6, 7 and 10), and significantly better than the control group; and the nitrate content has no significant difference.

Example 9 is the most preferred example of the present invention, the preferred organic substrate of the present invention is fermented earthworm and rabbit dung, and the most preferred is fermented earthworm and rabbit dung; the preferable organic matrix is 2-2.5 volume parts, and the content is 50-55% (volume ratio); further preferably, 0.05-0.1 volume part of hawthorn seed carbon is added into the solid matrix.

Claims (6)

1. The solid matrix suitable for three-dimensional planting of vegetables is characterized by comprising 2-3.5 parts by volume of an organic matrix, 1 part by volume of a light inorganic matrix and 0.5-1 part by volume of a heavy inorganic matrix;

the organic substrate is selected from a composition of fermented earthworm and rabbit manure and wood stem scraps, and the volume of the wood stem scraps is 0.5-3 parts;

the light inorganic matrix is selected from vermiculite or perlite;

the heavy inorganic matrix is selected from river sand, volcanic rock or coal cinder, and the particle size is 5-30 mm.

2. A solid substrate suitable for vegetable stereo planting according to claim 1, characterized in that said wood stem scraps are selected from grape branch scraps, apple branch scraps or pine scales.

3. The solid substrate according to claim 1, wherein the light inorganic substrate is perlite and the heavy inorganic substrate is river sand.

4. The solid substrate for vegetable space cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heavy inorganic substrate is contained in an amount of 1 part by volume.

5. The solid substrate suitable for vegetable stereoscopic planting according to claim 1, further comprising 0.05-0.1 parts by volume of hawthorn seed carbon.

6. A method for three-dimensional planting of vegetables, characterized in that a solid substrate according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used, and the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: solid matrix treatment: sieving the solid matrix to ensure that the particle size of the sieved solid matrix is not more than 5 mm; repeatedly rinsing with clear water until the pH value is reduced to 5.5-7.0, sterilizing the solid substrate with a bactericide before potting, spreading the solid substrate on the outdoor cover, exposing the black plastic film for 1 day, and lifting the plastic film after exposing to volatilize the bactericide fully; the treated solid matrix is subpackaged in planting pots, and watering or pot soaking treatment is carried out to keep the solid matrix moist;

step two: sowing, namely sowing seeds in a planting pot, and covering the same solid matrix for 0.5-1 cm after sowing;

step three: planting management: keeping the solid matrix wet before germination, preferably holding the solid matrix to see the watermark but not dripping water, and scattering the solid matrix when falling to the ground, keeping the solid matrix dry and wet after germination until harvesting; the solid matrix wetting method adopts a basin soaking method, a pouring method or a spraying method, and the wetting medium is water.