CN104996137A - Preventing and treating method for anthracnose of tomato - Google Patents
Preventing and treating method for anthracnose of tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN104996137A CN104996137A CN201510386797.8A CN201510386797A CN104996137A CN 104996137 A CN104996137 A CN 104996137A CN 201510386797 A CN201510386797 A CN 201510386797A CN 104996137 A CN104996137 A CN 104996137A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention relates to a preventing and treating method for anthracnose of tomato. The method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out ecological management: (1) composting an applied organic fertilizer, and using a formula fertilization technology to increasingly applying a potassium fertilizer so as to improve the disease resistance of plants; and (2) applying a High Yield Technology microbial fertilizer so as to improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, promote the absorption capacity of the tomato root system and enhance the resistance to diseases; 2) carrying out agricultural control; 3) carrying out biological control; 4) carrying out biological prevention and control; 5) controlling out physical prevention and control: doing rural sanitation well and immediately eliminating diseased and incomplete fruits to reduce germ infection sources; and 6) carrying out chemical prevention and control: alternating spraying and applying 80% mancozeb wettable powder which is diluted by a 450-550-time liquid and 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder which is diluted by a 450-550-time liquid, spraying the wettable powder once every 7 days and continuously spraying the wettable powder for 3-4 times. The method provided by the invention can be used for effectively preventing anthracnose of tomato, and meanwhile, measures such as agricultural control, physical prevention and control and the like are taken for comprehensive prevention and control, so that the average incidence rate of the anthracnose of tomato is reduced, the output is increased, the tomato grade is remarkably improved, and a good economic benefit is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato, belong to plant protection technology field.
Background technology
Anthracnose of tomato is a kind of more common disease of tomato, anthracnose infects by germ before fruit color, hide to painted with sequela, nascent transparent fleck, then scab is expanded gradually and is become black, slightly caves in, above raw black point, red mucus also can be secreted by sick portion in humid conditions, and last fruit rot comes off.Also can cause fruit rot at the middle and late growth stage and the storing selling period after gathering, cause damage.
Anthracnose mainly causes harm maturescent fruit, and fruit any position, face can be infected, generally more by infringement with middle waist portions.First there is the fleck that moistening shape fades in fruit of catching an illness, be expanded into subcircular or atypic scab gradually, diameter 1 ~ 1.5 centimetre, mid portion is depression slightly, and color blackening brown, have concentric wheel stripe and grow black small grain point, the humidity higher situation lower later stage also grows pink thick point, the normal star-shaped cracking of scab, scab surrounding has the orange-yellow halo of a circle.When occurring serious, sick fruit just can rot to come off in field.The fruit of not falling ill after much being infected is preserved after gathering, transport and selling period can show disease successively, and decayed fruit is on the increase.
Germ mainly survives the winter on invalid body with mycelium and aceravlus, and next year grows conidium when temperature gos up to meet rainfall or high humidity, by wind and rain splatter, pours water and insect transmission.Conidia germination grows germ tube and carries out First aggression from the hole skin of fruit or wound.The mycelium of germ can also be survived the winter in seed, and sowing infected seed can cause plant directly to fall ill.Anthracnose has the phenomenon of latent infection, though namely young fruit period germ easily invades fruit, but because young fruit moisture content is less, acidity is higher, ambient temperature condition neither optimum time, the latence being temporarily slow expansion after germ invades or not expanding, treat that fruit is close to ripe, moisture content increases, and sugared content increases, when ambient temperature rises to suitable, symptom just displays.Grow conidium new in a large number after First aggression morbidity, just can infect again and again again the young fruit on plant upper strata after propagating.
Young fruit period temperature is at about 24 DEG C, and rainy, dew weighs, high humidity is all conducive to infection process; Fruit is close to the maturing stage, and temperature rises to 28 ~ 30 DEG C, and the development that rainy, high humidity is then conducive to disease is popular.Soil glues heavy or physical features is low, it is overstocked to plant, extensive management, and field ventilation and penetrating light difference is all conducive to this sick generation.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato, the prevention and controls solving existing anthracnose of tomato is single, can not effectively preventing anthracnose of tomato generation and spread.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
(1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 280-320 times liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time.
As preferred technical scheme, described 1) becoming thoroughly decomposed in ecological management is that the fertilizer HM decomposing agent to using fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.
As preferred technical scheme, described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A 150-200ml and HYT-B 250-350ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
As preferred technical scheme, described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Mostly fertile benefit in the present invention is a kind of bio-bacterial manure, develops according to rhizosphere soil microecology principle, plant nutrition physiological principle and the basic conception in modern times " organic farming ".Comprise HYT-A, HYT-B and HYT-C tri-kinds.
The soil azotobacter that HYT-A is nontoxic by 18 kinds, no pathogenicity is highly active form, the probiotics of Various Functions is prepared into microbial inoculum, after activated expansion is numerous, be applicable to each vegetative period of multiple soil environment and crop, root directly to crops provides important nutrient as nitrogen, potassium and basic inorganic mineral nutrition.Special efficacy: one is that to make fertilizer efficiency rate high, balanced nutrients, stablely improves utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility, and the lasting period can reach more than 4 months.Two is optimize soil ecology structure, administer harden, pollute, acidifying and salinization soil Be very effective.Three is to formation biological control and soil-borne disease mechanism, anti-dead, anti-continuous cropping effect gives prominence to.Four is automatic regulating crop growth, growth-promoting root, strong sprout, raising tomato yield and quality.
HYT-B is from biological hydrolysis marine organisms thing cephalothorax crust, the later stage dissolution process of liquid by fermentation.Special efficacy: be rich in 19 kinds of L-amino acid, mineral matter and natural polymerses, can directly for microorganism and plant growth provide nutrition.There is the booster action preventing and treating soil-borne disease.Crops well developed root system can be promoted fast, strengthen leaf photosynthesis and crop disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability; Strong sprout, healthy tree, increase yield, oil recovery enhancement.
HYT-C is rich in high-purity, high-load chitin and chitinase induced activity thing.Special efficacy: for HYT-A edaphon bacterium itself and crops provide nutrition; Can activate, inducing plant and microorganism biological generate biology enzyme, the disease-resistant factor such as organic acid, alkaloid in a large number; Meanwhile, can promote that beneficial bacterium flood tide expands fast numerous, can plant growth be stimulated again.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts ecological management, cultural control, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, biological control, physical control and Chemical control methods, significantly reduces the anthracnose of tomato incidence of disease, respond well, improves the seed output and quality of tomato.
The present invention adopts the means of preventing in advance, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, and biological control adopts by 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 280-320 times liquid spray application, and spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time; Chemical control adopts 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray is used, spray in 7 days 1 time, connect spray 3-4 time, effectively can prevent anthracnose of tomato, adopt the measure such as cultural control, physical control to carry out integrated control makes anthracnose of tomato average attack rate reduce simultaneously, output increases, and significantly improves tomato grade, obtains good economic benefit.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, a kind of prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps: 1) ecological management: (1) becomes thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer used, and adopts rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improves plant premunition; (2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease; 2) cultural control: 1) set up anosis seed field, adopts disease-free seed; (2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage; (3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity; 3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: control weeds in field and number of pest, reduces pathogen communication media; 4) biological control: by 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 280-320 times liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time; 5) physical control: do rural area health well, removes invalid fruit in time, reduces infection process source; 6) chemical control: use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time; Effectively can prevent anthracnose of tomato, adopt the measure such as cultural control, physical control to carry out integrated control simultaneously and anthracnose of tomato average attack rate is reduced, output increases, and significantly improves tomato grade, obtains good economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
(1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 280-320 times liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time.
Described 1) becoming thoroughly decomposed in ecological management is fully become thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer HM decomposing agent used.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A150-200ml and HYT-B 250-350ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C80-120g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Comparative example
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) the sick management of cultivation control is strengthened; Carry out garden work clearly after results, destroy invalid body;
2) plough deeply solarization soil, in conjunction with the organic base fertilizer of the whole ground amount of using sufficient high-quality, high furrow zanjon is planted;
3) tomato is longer crop in vegetative period, and manage with delicacy, prune in time, prune, tie up climing, diligent weeding to be ventilated wet down in order to field, and the fructescence gathers in time, improves quality of gathering, and sick fruit is taken out of outside field and destroys in time;
4) use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time.
Embodiment 1
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution, 280 times of liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 4 times;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 450 times of liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, 450 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 4 times.
Described 1) becoming thoroughly decomposed in ecological management is fully become thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer HM decomposing agent used.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A150ml and HYT-B 250ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Adopt the anthracnose of tomato incidence of disease of the present embodiment prevention and controls to reduce more than 70% than the prevention and controls of comparative example, tomato quality is better than comparative example, and output improves more than 30% than comparative example.
Embodiment 2
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
(1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution, 300 times of liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3 times;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 4 times.
Described 1) becoming thoroughly decomposed in ecological management is fully become thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer HM decomposing agent used.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A180ml and HYT-B 300ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 100g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Adopt the anthracnose of tomato incidence of disease of the present embodiment prevention and controls to reduce more than 70% than the prevention and controls of comparative example, tomato quality is better than comparative example, and output improves more than 30% than comparative example.
Embodiment 3
A prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution, 320 times of liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3 times;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder, 550 times of liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder, 550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 4 times.
Described 1) becoming thoroughly decomposed in ecological management is fully become thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer HM decomposing agent used.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A200ml and HYT-B 350ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 120g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Adopt the anthracnose of tomato incidence of disease of the present embodiment prevention and controls to reduce more than 75% than the prevention and controls of comparative example, tomato quality is better than comparative example, and output improves more than 35% than comparative example.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a prevention and controls for anthracnose of tomato, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) fertilizer used is become thoroughly decomposed, adopt rational application of fertilizers technology, Potassium, improve plant premunition;
(2) use fertile beneficial many microorganism fertilizers, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote the absorbing capacity of Tomato Root System, strengthen the resistivity to disease;
2) cultural control:
(1) set up anosis seed field, adopt disease-free seed;
(2) use sufficient base manure, balance fertilizing, promote plant strong plantlets and rootage;
(3) strengthen management, after rain, timely draining, avoids field humidity excessive, controls to water after morbidity;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control weeds in field and number of pest, reduce pathogen communication media;
4) biological control:
By 0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 280-320 times liquid spray application, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time;
5) physical control:
Do rural area health well, remove invalid fruit in time, reduce infection process source;
6) chemical control:
Use with 80% mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times liquid, 58% first frost mancozeb wettable powder 450-550 times of liquid alternating spray, spray in 7 days 1 time, connects spray 3-4 time.
2. the prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato according to claim 1, is characterized in that: becoming thoroughly decomposed described 1) in ecological management is fully become thoroughly decomposed to the fertilizer HM decomposing agent used.
3. the prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the how concrete using method of fertile benefit described 1) in ecological management for add HYT-A 150-200ml and HYT-B 250-350ml and to stir in 15 premium on currency, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
4. the prevention and controls of anthracnose of tomato according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described 4) in biological control, polyoxin aqueous solution is Ke Sheng-polyoxin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510386797.8A CN104996137A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Preventing and treating method for anthracnose of tomato |
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| CN201510386797.8A CN104996137A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Preventing and treating method for anthracnose of tomato |
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| CN104996137A true CN104996137A (en) | 2015-10-28 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107548856A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of prevention and controls of tea oil tree anthracnose |
| CN110178606A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of control method of fructus lycii anthracnose |
-
2015
- 2015-06-30 CN CN201510386797.8A patent/CN104996137A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王华弟: "《玉米矮缩病流行学及综合防治》", 31 July 2014 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107548856A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-01-09 | 钟山县龙岛种养专业合作社 | A kind of prevention and controls of tea oil tree anthracnose |
| CN110178606A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-08-30 | 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of control method of fructus lycii anthracnose |
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