CN109997587B - Replanting method for continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in warm wetland area in south - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for repairing and replanting sweet cherry continuous cropping soil in a warm and wet southern area. A replanting method for a sweet cherry orchard in a warm wetland area in the south comprises technical measures of improvement of continuous cropping soil, selection of nontoxic big seedlings in the south, disinfection and field planting of seedlings, reasonable fertilizer distribution, grass growing and covering in the orchard and the like. The invention effectively solves the problems of poor tree body development, root rot and even death and the like of the continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in the warm wetland area in the south.

Description

Replanting method for continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in warm wetland area in south

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for repairing and replanting sweet cherry continuous cropping soil in a warm and wet southern area.

Background

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) Prunus (Prunus) Cerasus (Cerasus) Laurera, and is called as early spring first fruit. The fruit has bright appearance, delicious taste and rich nutrition and is deeply loved by consumers. Due to the high planting benefit of sweet cherries, the southern area is actively introduced to test planting in recent years. For example, the Chinese invention patent (patent No. CN201710524755.5, published: 2017.09.22) applied by the applicant discloses a sweet cherry mountain land cultivation technology in a south warm wetland area. The method comprises the technical measures of variety selection suitable for warm and humid areas in south, planning and facility requirements of hillside orchards, dormancy breaking, shaping and bearing branch group culture, natural disaster prevention of the hillside orchards, fertilizer water and pest control, autumn leaf preservation and the like. The patent effectively solves the problems of early falling of leaves, "blooming but not solid", multiple diseases and insect pests and the like in the production of mountain sweet cherries in warm wetland areas in south.

The continuous cropping obstacle of the fruit tree is a phenomenon that the growth of the same or related crops is weakened due to the fact that the crops are continuously planted in the same land, and is represented as follows: the trees are seriously underdeveloped, internodes are shortened, leaves are reduced, and root systems are browned, rotten and even dead. For replanting obstacles in continuous cropping lands, the traditional coping method is deep ploughing and rotation, and fruit trees are planted after food crops are planted for several years; or applying organic fertilizer to improve soil, improve fertilizer utilization rate and inhibit harmful bacteria in soil; or applying medium trace element fertilizer to supplement the trace element deficiency disease of the tree body. Practice proves that the methods have certain effects, but are not ideal and cannot solve the problems fundamentally. The basis for the growth of fruit trees is soil. Therefore, ensuring soil fertility, loosening, comprehensive nutrition and flora balance, and enhancing tree vigor by improving 'soil' should be the basis for overcoming continuous cropping and replanting obstacles.

In recent years, with the continuous increase of the planting area of sweet cherries in southern areas, the problem of cherry continuous cropping is increasingly serious, and the problem is particularly obvious in cherry nursery lands. At present, most fruit growers choose to use chemical agents such as formaldehyde, chloropicrin, captan, mancozeb and the like to kill microorganisms such as nematodes, fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes and the like which harm the root systems of fruit trees. Some researchers have also proposed the use of lime sulphur, paclobutrazol and potassium permanganate to disinfect soil.

Agricultural research in arid regions, volume 35, phase 4 discloses changes in effective nutrients and enzyme activity of sweet cherry continuous cropping soil, discusses changes in effective nutrients and enzyme activity in sweet cherry continuous cropping soil, collects soil samples from areas where sweet cherry seedlings, continuous cropping and continuous cropping have not been planted in cherry nursery lands, and determines the effective nutrient content of soil (N0)₃ ^--N、NH₄ ⁺Quick-acting K, effective P, effective B, etc.) and 4 soil enzymes (urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase), but no method of improving soil is described. The micro-environment of the soil is restored mainly through the disinfection of the dazomet and the recycling of the wormcast, the wormcast is mainly rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, humus and various amino acids, and beneficial microorganisms and enzymes in the wormcast can kill germs in the soil and inhibit the growth of plantsAccording to the method, the soil environment suitable for the root system of the sweet cherry is reestablished by utilizing the principle, so that the continuous cropping soil is improved, and the whole growing environment of the sweet cherry is perfected by reasonable fertilization and grass mulching in the follow-up process.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a replanting method for replanting sweet cherry gardens in southern warm wetland areas, which effectively solves the problems of poor tree body development, rotten root systems and even death and the like of replanting sweet cherry orchard in southern warm wetland areas and has important significance for the development of sweet cherry industry in southern warm wetland areas.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a replanting soil remediation method for the continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in the warm wetland area in the south.

In order to achieve the first object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the replanting method of the sweet cherry orchard of continuous cropping in the warm wetland area in south, said method comprises improving the soil of continuous cropping, nursery stock disinfection, nursery stock field planting, compounding the fertilizer and growing grass in the orchard; the method for improving the continuous cropping soil comprises the following steps:

1) removing previous stubbles, and digging pits in a staggered manner: after the diseased plants and dead plants of the previous sweet cherries are removed, residual roots are thoroughly removed, the plants are burnt out in a concentrated manner, and the land is ploughed and sunned for multiple times to eliminate disease and pest sources; then, the original planting position is avoided, planting pits with the length and the width of 1.5 to 2.5m and the depth of 0.3 to 0.5m are dug, and the dug continuous cropping soil is transported out of the garden, so that the propagation of harmful germs is reduced;

2) soil fumigation: spreading a soil disinfectant, namely, the dazomet, in the planting pits, wherein 30-50 g of dazomet is used per square, firstly spreading the dazomet at the bottom of the planting pits in an amount of 15-25 g per square, spreading 5-10cm of open land surface soil, then spreading the dazomet again in an amount of the dazomet, covering the soil again for 5-10cm, filling water in the pits, finally spreading a mulching film in the range of 0.4-0.6 m at the periphery of the planting pits, and sealing and sterilizing for 2-3 months;

3) the earthworms improve the soil: after disinfection, loosening the soil at the bottom and the periphery of the planting pits, then watering until the water content of the soil reaches more than 45%, then applying 10-15kg of cow dung into each planting pit, placing the green earthworms and the red earthworms, and finally covering the planting pits with straws of 5-10 cm; the soil improvement time of the earthworms is 2-3 months, and the water content of the soil is required to be kept at 45-55% in the period of time so as to keep the activity of the earthworms.

Preferably, 1kg of green earthworms and 2kg of red earthworms are placed in each planting pit.

Preferably, the nursery stock is selected from nontoxic strong seedlings which grow vigorously in the south for more than 2 years, a relatively complete root system is kept during seedling lifting, and the overground part is cut again.

Preferably, the nursery stock disinfection method comprises the following steps: dipping K84 into root before transplanting and sterilizing for 3-5 seconds; then, the roots are soaked in l000mg/kg naphthylacetic acid or 100mg/kg ABT2 rooting powder solution for 3-5 seconds, so that the root growth of the newly planted seedlings is promoted.

Preferably, the nursery stock planting steps are as follows: planting before the bud sprouts in the middle ten days of 11 months or the last ten days of 2 months, selecting a plurality of open land surface soil without planted trees and thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring for later use; during planting, firstly filling 10-20cm of mixed soil, filling 10cm of open ground surface soil after the nursery stock is placed, stepping into a steamed bread shape with high middle height and low periphery, slightly lifting the nursery stock to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be stretched, filling enough water after planting, and sealing holes with the open ground surface soil after the water is infiltrated.

Preferably, the fertilizer preparation steps are as follows: and (3) after planting, measuring the nutrients of the orchard soil, mastering the nutrient condition of the soil, applying organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, and alternately spraying foliar fertilizers such as urea, monopotassium phosphate and the like for 6-9 times every year, so that the fast and robust growth of trees is promoted, and the proportion of nutrient elements in the soil is supplemented and adjusted.

Preferably, the orchard grass growing steps are as follows: planting white clover and leguminous nitrogen-fixing short-stem shallow-rooted plants in the orchard row, and covering grass in the tree tray, wherein the thickness of the covered grass is 15-20 cm; the grass covering in the orchard is most suitable for the mountain sweet cherry orchard, and the grass covering in the sweet cherry orchard in the flat and waterlogged areas with heavy soil is not advocated.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a replanting soil remediation method for a continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in a southern warm wetland area, which comprises the following steps:

1) removing previous stubbles, and digging pits in a staggered manner: after the diseased plants and dead plants of the previous sweet cherries are removed, residual roots are thoroughly removed, the plants are burnt out in a concentrated manner, and the land is ploughed and sunned for multiple times to eliminate disease and pest sources; then, the original planting position is avoided, planting pits with the length and width of 1.5-2.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m are dug, and the dug continuous cropping soil is transported out of the garden, so that the propagation of harmful germs is reduced;

2) soil fumigation: spreading a soil disinfectant, namely, the dazomet, in the planting pits, wherein 30-50 g of dazomet is used per square, firstly spreading the dazomet at the bottom of the planting pits in an amount of 15-25 g per square, spreading 5-10cm of open land surface soil, then spreading the dazomet again in the same amount, covering the soil again for 5-10cm, then filling water in the pits, finally, spreading a mulching film in the range of 0.4-0.6 m at the periphery of the planting pits, and sealing and sterilizing for 2-3 months;

3) the earthworms improve the soil: after disinfection, loosening the soil at the bottom and the periphery of the planting pits, then watering until the water content of the soil reaches more than 45%, then applying 10-15kg of cow dung into each planting pit, placing the green earthworms and the red earthworms, and finally covering the planting pits with straws of 5-10 cm; the soil improvement time of the earthworms is 2-3 months, and the water content of the soil is required to be kept at 45-55% in the period of time so as to keep the activity of the earthworms.

Preferably, 1kg of green earthworms and 2kg of red earthworms are placed in each planting pit.

By adopting the technical scheme, the invention can transport the continuous cropping soil out of the garden by removing the previous stubbles and digging holes in a staggered manner, thereby effectively reducing the propagation of harmful germs; the soil disinfectant, namely the dazomet is used for disinfecting, and the earthworms are used for improving the soil, so that the microenvironment of the soil can be effectively recovered; the nontoxic big seedlings in south are selected in the aspect of nursery stocks, so that the nontoxic big seedlings have certain adaptability to the soil and environment of a continuous cropping orchard, and continuous cropping diseases can be reduced; during planting, k84 is used for disinfection, and then a reasonable fertilization formula is matched through soil detection, so that the balance of nutrient elements in soil is adjusted, and the growth of trees is promoted to be robust; after planting, the orchard grows grass and covers grass, so that the organic matter content of soil is increased, and the soil structure is improved. The invention effectively solves the problems of poor tree body development, root rot and even death and the like of the continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in the warm wetland area in the south.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a process diagram of improving continuous cropping soil according to the application, and the process diagram sequentially comprises staggered pit digging, soil fumigation and disinfection, cow dung application and earthworm application and straw covering from left to right.

Fig. 2 is a state of a sweet cherry tree planted by the replanting method of the present application and the existing control method, the left figure is a control, and the right figure is the present application.

Detailed Description

1. Improving the continuous cropping soil (as shown in figure 1)

1) Removing the previous stubbles and digging holes in a staggered manner. After the diseased and dead plants of the previous sweet cherry are removed, the residual roots are thoroughly removed, the plants are burnt out in a concentrated manner, and the land is ploughed and sunned for a plurality of times to eliminate the source of the disease and insect. Then, the original planting position is avoided, planting pits with the length and width of 2.0m and the depth of 0.3-0.4m are dug, and the dug continuous cropping soil is transported out of the garden, so that the propagation of harmful germs is reduced.

2) And (5) fumigating and disinfecting soil. The soil disinfectant dazomet is spread in the planting pit, and the square amount of the dazomet is 30-50 g. Firstly, the bottom of a planting hole is spread with the amount of 15-25 g per square, the surface soil of 5-10cm of open land is spread with the amount of the cotton-mound, the soil is covered again for 5-10cm, the hole is filled with water, finally, a mulching film is spread in the range of 0.5m between a planting pit and the periphery of the planting pit, and the planting pit is sealed and disinfected for 2-3 months.

3) The earthworms improve the soil. After disinfection, loosening the soil at the bottom and the periphery of the planting pits, then watering until the water content of the soil reaches more than 45%, then applying 10-15kg of cow dung into each planting pit, putting 1kg of green earthworms and 2kg of red earthworms, and finally covering 5-10cm of straws. The soil improvement time of the earthworms is 2-3 months, and the water content of the soil is required to be kept at about 45-55% in the period of time so as to keep the activity of the earthworms.

2. Selecting nontoxic big seedling in south

The nursery stock is preferably selected from nontoxic strong seedlings which grow vigorously in the south for more than 2 years, a relatively complete root system is required to be kept when the nursery stock is lifted, and the overground part is cut properly. The seedlings cultivated in the south of the field planting have certain adaptability to the soil and environment of the southern continuous cropping orchard, and continuous cropping diseases can be reduced.

3. Nursery stock disinfection

Before transplanting, the roots are dipped with K84 for disinfection for 3-5 seconds, so as to reduce soil-borne diseases. Then, the roots are soaked in l000mg/kg naphthylacetic acid or 100mg/kg ABT2 rooting powder solution for 3-5 seconds, so that the root growth of the newly planted seedlings is promoted.

4. Planting nursery stock

Planting in the middle of 11 months or in the last ten days of 2 months before bud germination, selecting a plurality of open land surface soil without trees planted and thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring (the amount of the organic fertilizer is preferably 15-20kg per pit) for later use. During planting, firstly filling 10-20cm of mixed soil, filling 10cm of open ground surface soil after the nursery stock is placed, stepping into a steamed bread shape with high middle height and low periphery, slightly lifting the nursery stock to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be stretched, filling enough water after planting, and sealing holes with the open ground surface soil after the water is infiltrated.

5. Reasonable fertilizer preparation

And (3) after planting, measuring the nutrients of the orchard soil, mastering the nutrient condition of the soil, applying organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers, and alternately spraying foliar fertilizers such as urea, monopotassium phosphate and the like for 6-9 times every year, so that the fast and robust growth of trees is promoted, and the proportion of nutrient elements in the soil is supplemented and adjusted.

6. Grass covering and growing in orchard

White clover and leguminous nitrogen-fixing short-stem shallow-rooted plants are planted in the orchard row, weeds, wheat straws, beanstalks, corn straws, rice straws and the like are covered in the tree trays, and the covering thickness is 15-20 cm. The grass covering can make the surface soil temperature and humidity relatively stable, and can increase the organic matter content and improve the soil structure after the grass covering is rotten. The orchard is most suitable for a mountain sweet cherry orchard, and the sweet cherry orchard in a flat land and a waterlogged depression with heavy soil property does not advocate grass mulching because water is easy to accumulate in rainy seasons after grass mulching, and waterlogging is caused.

7. Application effects

Through the comprehensive application of the technology, the sweet cherries in the continuous cropping garden grow well, while the continuous cropping sweet cherry gardens without the technology grow less well and even have dead trees. Therefore, the invention effectively solves the problems of poor tree body development, root rot and even death of the replanted sweet cherry orchard in the warm wetland area in the south (see figure 2).

Comparison of growth of four-year-old trees of 12019 years

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined in this application may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (7)

1. The replanting method of sweet cherry orchard of continuous cropping in warm wetland area in south, said method comprises improving the soil of continuous cropping, nursery stock sterilize, nursery stock field planting, matching fertilizer and orchard grass step; the method for improving the continuous cropping soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) removing previous stubbles, and digging pits in a staggered manner: after the diseased plants and dead plants of the previous sweet cherries are removed, residual roots are thoroughly removed, the plants are burnt out in a concentrated manner, and the land is ploughed and sunned for multiple times to eliminate disease and pest sources; then, the original planting position is avoided, planting pits with the length and the width of 1.5 to 2.5m and the depth of 0.3 to 0.5m are dug, and the dug continuous cropping soil is transported out of the garden, so that the propagation of harmful germs is reduced;

2) soil fumigation: spreading a soil disinfectant, namely, the dazomet, in the planting pits, wherein 30-50 g of dazomet is applied per square, firstly, the dazomet is spread at the bottom of the planting pits once in an amount of 15-25 g per square, after 5-10cm of open land surface soil is paved, the dazomet is spread once in an amount of 15-25 g per square, after 5-10cm of soil is covered again, the holes are filled with water, finally, mulching films are laid in the planting pits and the periphery within a range of 0.4-0.6 m, and the planting pits and the periphery are sealed and disinfected for 2-3 months;

3) the earthworms improve the soil: after disinfection, loosening the soil at the bottom and the periphery of the planting pits, then watering until the water content of the soil reaches more than 45%, then applying 10-15kg of cow dung into each planting pit, placing the green earthworms and the red earthworms, and finally covering the planting pits with straws of 5-10 cm; the soil improvement time of the earthworms is 2-3 months, and the water content of the soil is required to be kept at 45-55% in the period of time so as to keep the activity of the earthworms;

1kg of green earthworms and 2kg of red earthworms are placed in each planting pit.

2. The method for replanting a sweet cherry orchard in a southern warm wetland area by continuous cropping according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings are strong seedlings which are nontoxic and grow vigorously and are cultivated in southern areas for more than 2 years, the complete root system is kept during seedling lifting, and the overground part is cut again.

3. The replanting method for the sweet cherry orchard in the southern warm wetland area by continuous cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that the nursery stock disinfection step is as follows: dipping K84 into root before transplanting and sterilizing for 3-5 seconds; then, the roots are soaked in l000mg/kg naphthylacetic acid or 100mg/kg ABT2 rooting powder solution for 3-5 seconds, so that the root growth of the newly planted seedlings is promoted.

4. The method for replanting the sweet cherry orchard in the southern warm wetland area by continuous cropping according to claim 1, wherein the nursery stock planting step is as follows: planting before the bud sprouts in the middle ten days of 11 months or the last ten days of 2 months, selecting a plurality of open land surface soil without planted trees and thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer, and uniformly stirring for later use; during planting, firstly filling 10-20cm of mixed soil, filling 10cm of open ground surface soil after the nursery stock is placed, stepping into a steamed bread shape with high middle height and low periphery, slightly lifting the nursery stock to enable the root system of the nursery stock to be stretched, filling enough water after planting, and sealing holes with the open ground surface soil after the water is infiltrated.

5. The replanting method for the sweet cherry orchard in the southern warm wetland area by continuous cropping according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer preparation steps are as follows: and (3) after planting, measuring the nutrients of the orchard soil, mastering the nutrient condition of the soil, applying organic fertilizers and trace element fertilizers in full year, and alternately spraying urea and monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizers for 6-9 times every year, so that the fast and robust growth of trees is promoted, and the proportion of nutrient elements in the soil is supplemented and adjusted.

6. The method for replanting sweet cherry orchards in the southern warm wetland area of claim 1, wherein the steps of growing grass in the orchards are as follows: planting white clover and leguminous nitrogen-fixing short-stem shallow-rooted plants in the orchard row, and covering grass in the tree tray, wherein the thickness of the covered grass is 15-20 cm; the grass covering in the orchard is most suitable for the mountain sweet cherry orchard, and the grass covering in the sweet cherry orchard in the flat and waterlogged areas with heavy soil is not advocated.

7. The replanting soil remediation method for the continuous cropping sweet cherry orchard in the warm wetland area in the south is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) removing previous stubbles, and digging pits in a staggered manner: after the diseased plants and dead plants of the previous sweet cherries are removed, residual roots are thoroughly removed, the plants are burnt out in a concentrated manner, and the land is ploughed and sunned for multiple times to eliminate disease and pest sources; then, the original planting position is avoided, planting pits with the length and width of 1.5-2.5m and the depth of 0.3-0.5m are dug, and the dug continuous cropping soil is transported out of the garden, so that the propagation of harmful germs is reduced;

2) soil fumigation: spreading a soil disinfectant, namely, the dazomet, in the planting pits, wherein 30-50 g of dazomet is applied per square, firstly, the dazomet is spread at the bottom of the planting pits once in an amount of 15-25 g per square, after 5-10cm of open land surface soil is paved, the dazomet is spread once in an amount of 15-25 g per square, after 5-10cm of soil is covered again, the holes are filled with water, finally, mulching films are laid in the planting pits and the periphery within a range of 0.4-0.6 m, and the planting pits and the periphery are sealed and disinfected for 2-3 months;

3) the earthworms improve the soil: after disinfection, loosening the soil at the bottom and the periphery of the planting pits, then watering until the water content of the soil reaches more than 45%, then applying 10-15kg of cow dung into each planting pit, placing the green earthworms and the red earthworms, and finally covering the planting pits with straws of 5-10 cm; the soil improvement time of the earthworms is 2-3 months, and the water content of the soil is required to be kept at 45-55% in the period of time so as to keep the activity of the earthworms;

1kg of green earthworms and 2kg of red earthworms are placed in each planting pit.

Images