CN105010021A - Prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice - Google Patents
Prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN105010021A CN105010021A CN201510373954.1A CN201510373954A CN105010021A CN 105010021 A CN105010021 A CN 105010021A CN 201510373954 A CN201510373954 A CN 201510373954A CN 105010021 A CN105010021 A CN 105010021A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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Abstract
The invention relates to a prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice, comprising following steps: 1. ecological treatment: applying biological fertilizer of High Yield Technology or Difulai to improve soil physical and chemical properties, to increase soil fertility and to improve rice root absorbing ability; 2. agricultural prevention and treatment; 3. biological control; 4. biological prevention and treatment; 5.physical prevention and treatment; 6. chemical prevention and treatment: spraying 58% metalaxyl-mancozeb wettable powder 100g per Mu and diluting the wettable powder with four barrels of water before spraying. Sclerotinia stem rot of rice can be effectively prevented. By use of the integrated prevention and treatment including agricultural and physical prevention and treatment, average morbidity of sclerotinia stem rot of rice is reduced; rice production and grade are increased, and economic benefit is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prevention and controls of paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, belong to plant protection technology field.
Background technology
Paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot is also known as sclerotium oryzicola or stalk rot, and they and rice brown sclerotium disease, rice sclerotium hydrophilium, rice sclerotium fumigatum etc., be generically and collectively referred to as paddy rice stalk break or stalk rot.All there is generation in Ge Dao district of China, but particular advantages of each region bacterium is different, mainly culm rot and little black stalk break on the south the Yangtze river basin.Culm rot is similar with little black stalk break symptom, infringement rice strain bottom leaf sheath and stem stalk, just brown stigma on approximately level leaf sheath is raw, after expand to black longitudinally downright bad line and the large spot of black, the mould layer of the thin light gray of upper life, often has mycelia block in sick sheath.Little black stalk break does not form mycelia block, and black line is also more shallow.Scab continues expansion makes the soft corruption of the stem foot section of one-tenth blackening, and sick portion is canescence or bronzing and corruption is joined.Stripping inspection stem stalk, is full of canescence mycelia and pitchy bulbil in chamber.Infect fringe neck, cause fringe withered.Sclerotium oryzae-satiave sawade turns yellow withered at leaf sheath, does not form obvious scab, and during booting, morbidity causes young fringe and can not extract out.Later stage forms spherical black bulbil in leaf sheath tissue.Sclerotium fumigatum leaf sheath is injured and is formed reddish tan stigma and on sword-like leave sheath, form long spot, general unlikely rice lodging, and the later stage is on scab surface and innerly form the little granular sclerotium of taupe.Route of transmission and onset condition: heavier mainly culm rot of falling ill and little black stalk break, mainly survive the winter at rice stub and straw or become scattered about in soil with sclerotium, can survive for many years.When whole pouring water, sclerotium floats on water and exists, and adheres to rice seedling bed or leaf sheath base, produces mycelia and invade leaf sheath after meeting suitable condition (17 DEG C) sclerotial germination, after in stem stalk and leaf sheath, form sclerotium.Sometimes the mould layer of the raw light gray in scab surface, i.e. germ conidium, conidium, by air-flow or insect transmission, also can cause and infect.But mainly infect again based on sick healthy tree contact short distance.Sclerotium quantity is the principal element of next year morbidity.Germ grows temperature limit 11-35 DEG C, and thermophilic is 25-30 DEG C.Rain day is many, is beneficial to stalk break sunshine less and occurs.The morbidity of deep irrigation, draining bad field is heavy, bake mid-term field excessively or backward dehydro early or to cross drought morbidity heavy.Execute nitrogen too much, excessively slow, it is seriously ill that paddy rice is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe.Single Late Rice is seriously ill compared with early rice.High stalk is more of short stem disease-resistant, and disease resistance glutinous rice is greater than long-grained nonglutinous rice and is greater than japonica rice.Susceptible disease after heading, the severely injured mouth of insect pest is multiple seriously ill.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of prevention and controls of paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A prevention and controls for paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) use the many or ground good fortune of fertile benefit and carry out microorganism fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, strengthen the absorbing capacity of rice root;
(2) high-land is selected in rice seedling bed, anosis, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and away from stack of rice straw, threshing ground and solarization place, double cropping late rice rice seedling bed also should away from the sick field of early rice;
2) cultural control:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected;
(2) anosis seed rice is selected: conventional Rice is anosis reserves seed for planting in field, the hybrid rice non-lesion production of hybrid seeds; Implementation rice field-upland field rotation with good conditionsi.Flooded sclerotium is beaten before rice transplanting;
(3) reduce bacterium source, high temperature retting wanted by sick straw, wants neat mud to cut rice during harvesting;
(4) strengthen water and fertilizer management, shallow water duty is filled with, in good time dry field, and the later stage fills with horse race water, prevents from cutting off the water supply too early;
(5) many organic fertilizers, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, particularly potash fertilizer, avoid inclined nitrogen fertilizer application;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control the number of pest such as rice field leafhopper, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips, reduce the communication media of pathogen;
4) biological control:
0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid limb spray application;
5) physical control:
Deal carefully with disease straw, do not allow germ contact with kind, bud, seedling, remove the ratoon rice strain of limit, field or weeds, concentrate and destroy;
6) chemical control:
The violent zinc wetting powder of 58% metalaxyl selected by medicament, and every mu of 100g, is watered 4 barrels and sprays.
As preferred technical scheme, described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A 150-200ml and HYT-B 250-350ml and to stir in 15L water, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
As preferred technical scheme, described 1) in ecological management good fortune carry out the concrete using method of microorganism fertilizer and be watered 15-30 kilogram for carrying out microorganism fertilizer according to every 200-400ml ground good fortune, ground good fortune is come microorganism fertilizer be watered mix after sparge earth's surface.
It is the bio-bacterial manure that Beijing Di Fulai development in science and technology Co., Ltd produces that ground good fortune in the present invention carrys out microorganism fertilizer.Ground good fortune come microorganism fertilizer can decompose and remove do nitrite in object, hydrogen sulphide and agricultural chemicals remain, the heavy metals such as absorption and degraded chromium, nickel, lead, tin, cobalt, bioactie agent C, G, F contained by it, can participate in crop Inner eycle, repairs rapidly damaged cell safer by food; Can improve soil physical and chemical property, make organic matter and humic acid content carry L, granular structure is formed soon, ventilation good water-retaining property, and crops well developed root system, fibrous root length, Bai Genduo, activity by force, improve soil nutrient absorbing capacity; Ground good fortune is come can activating soil rhizospheric microorganism, large, the middle and trace element of release soil solidification, high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing, for paddy rice provides full nutrition, and short root strong sprout; Improve the photosynthesis of paddy rice and disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability, have good preventive effect to paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot.
Mostly fertile benefit in the present invention is a kind of bio-bacterial manure, develops according to rhizosphere soil microecology principle, plant nutrition physiological principle and the basic conception in modern times " organic farming ".Comprise HYT-A, HYT-B and HYT-C tri-kinds.
The soil azotobacter that HYT-A is nontoxic by 18 kinds, no pathogenicity is highly active form, the probiotics of Various Functions is prepared into microbial inoculum, after activated expansion is numerous, be applicable to each vegetative period of multiple soil environment and crop, root directly to crops provides important nutrient as nitrogen, potassium and basic inorganic mineral nutrition.Special efficacy: one is that to make fertilizer efficiency rate high, balanced nutrients, stablely improves utilization rate of fertilizer and soil fertility, and the lasting period can reach more than 4 months.Two is optimize soil ecology structure, administer harden, pollute, acidifying and salinization soil Be very effective.Three is form biological control mechanism, anti-dead, anti-continuous cropping effect gives prominence to.Four is automatic regulating crop growth, growth-promoting root, strong sprout, raising yield and quality of rice.
HYT-B is from biological hydrolysis marine organisms thing cephalothorax crust, the later stage dissolution process of liquid by fermentation.Special efficacy: be rich in 19 kinds of L-amino acid, mineral matter and natural polymerses, can directly for microorganism and plant growth provide nutrition.Crops well developed root system can be promoted fast, strengthen leaf photosynthesis and crop disease-resistant, anti-adversity ability; Strong sprout, healthy tree, increase yield, oil recovery enhancement.
HYT-C is rich in high-purity, high-load chitin and chitinase induced activity thing.Special efficacy: for HYT-A edaphon bacterium itself and crops provide nutrition; Can activate, inducing plant and microorganism biological generate biology enzyme, the disease-resistant factor such as organic acid, alkaloid in a large number; Meanwhile, can promote that beneficial bacterium flood tide expands fast numerous, can plant growth be stimulated again.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts ecological management, cultural control, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, biological control, physical control and Chemical control methods, significantly reduces the paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot incidence of disease, respond well, improves the seed output and quality of paddy rice.
Adopt ground good fortune to carry out the biological bacterium colony that microorganism fertilizer effectively can improve soil structure and soil, effectively can prevent the morbidity of paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, and effectively can improve the seed output and quality of paddy rice.
The present invention adopts the means of preventing in advance, the present invention adopts the means of preventing in advance, integrated control is carried out in ecological management, cultural control, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL, biological control, physical control and chemical control, adopt the measure such as cultural control, physical control to carry out integrated control makes paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot average attack rate reduce simultaneously, output increases, significantly improve paddy rice grade, obtain good economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the invention, be clearly and completely described technical scheme of the present invention, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A prevention and controls for paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) use the many or ground good fortune of fertile benefit and carry out microorganism fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, strengthen the absorbing capacity of rice root;
(2) high-land is selected in rice seedling bed, anosis, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and away from stack of rice straw, threshing ground and solarization place, double cropping late rice rice seedling bed also should away from the sick field of early rice;
2) cultural control:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected;
(2) anosis seed rice is selected: conventional Rice is anosis reserves seed for planting in field, the hybrid rice non-lesion production of hybrid seeds; Implementation rice field-upland field rotation with good conditionsi.Flooded sclerotium is beaten before rice transplanting;
(3) reduce bacterium source, high temperature retting wanted by sick straw, wants neat mud to cut rice during harvesting;
(4) strengthen water and fertilizer management, shallow water duty is filled with, in good time dry field, and the later stage fills with horse race water, prevents from cutting off the water supply too early;
(5) many organic fertilizers, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, particularly potash fertilizer, avoid inclined nitrogen fertilizer application;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control the number of pest such as rice field leafhopper, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips, reduce the communication media of pathogen;
4) biological control:
0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid limb spray application;
5) physical control:
Deal carefully with disease straw, do not allow germ contact with kind, bud, seedling, remove the ratoon rice strain of limit, field or weeds, concentrate and destroy;
6) chemical control:
The violent zinc wetting powder of 58% metalaxyl selected by medicament, and every mu of 100g, is watered 4 barrels and sprays.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A150ml and HYT-B 250ml and to stir in 15L water, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 1) in ecological management good fortune carry out the concrete using method of microorganism fertilizer and be watered 15 kilograms for carrying out microorganism fertilizer according to every 200ml ground good fortune, ground good fortune is come microorganism fertilizer be watered mix after sparge earth's surface.
Embodiment 2
A prevention and controls for paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) use the many or ground good fortune of fertile benefit and carry out microorganism fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, strengthen the absorbing capacity of rice root;
(2) high-land is selected in rice seedling bed, anosis, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and away from stack of rice straw, threshing ground and solarization place, double cropping late rice rice seedling bed also should away from the sick field of early rice;
2) cultural control:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected;
(2) anosis seed rice is selected: conventional Rice is anosis reserves seed for planting in field, the hybrid rice non-lesion production of hybrid seeds; Implementation rice field-upland field rotation with good conditionsi.Flooded sclerotium is beaten before rice transplanting;
(3) reduce bacterium source, high temperature retting wanted by sick straw, wants neat mud to cut rice during harvesting;
(4) strengthen water and fertilizer management, shallow water duty is filled with, in good time dry field, and the later stage fills with horse race water, prevents from cutting off the water supply too early;
(5) many organic fertilizers, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, particularly potash fertilizer, avoid inclined nitrogen fertilizer application;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control the number of pest such as rice field leafhopper, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips, reduce the communication media of pathogen;
4) biological control:
0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid limb spray application;
5) physical control:
Deal carefully with disease straw, do not allow germ contact with kind, bud, seedling, remove the ratoon rice strain of limit, field or weeds, concentrate and destroy;
6) chemical control:
The violent zinc wetting powder of 58% metalaxyl selected by medicament, and every mu of 100g, is watered 4 barrels and sprays.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A180ml and HYT-B 300ml and to stir in 15L water, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 100g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
Described 1) in ecological management good fortune carry out the concrete using method of microorganism fertilizer and be watered 20 kilograms for carrying out microorganism fertilizer according to every 300ml ground good fortune, ground good fortune is come microorganism fertilizer be watered mix after sparge earth's surface.
Embodiment 3
A prevention and controls for paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) use the many or ground good fortune of fertile benefit and carry out microorganism fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, strengthen the absorbing capacity of rice root;
(2) high-land is selected in rice seedling bed, anosis, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and away from stack of rice straw, threshing ground and solarization place, double cropping late rice rice seedling bed also should away from the sick field of early rice;
2) cultural control:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected;
(2) anosis seed rice is selected: conventional Rice is anosis reserves seed for planting in field, the hybrid rice non-lesion production of hybrid seeds; Implementation rice field-upland field rotation with good conditionsi.Flooded sclerotium is beaten before rice transplanting;
(3) reduce bacterium source, high temperature retting wanted by sick straw, wants neat mud to cut rice during harvesting;
(4) strengthen water and fertilizer management, shallow water duty is filled with, in good time dry field, and the later stage fills with horse race water, prevents from cutting off the water supply too early;
(5) many organic fertilizers, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, particularly potash fertilizer, avoid inclined nitrogen fertilizer application;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control the number of pest such as rice field leafhopper, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips, reduce the communication media of pathogen;
4) biological control:
0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid limb spray application;
5) physical control:
Deal carefully with disease straw, do not allow germ contact with kind, bud, seedling, remove the ratoon rice strain of limit, field or weeds, concentrate and destroy;
6) chemical control:
The violent zinc wetting powder of 58% metalaxyl selected by medicament, and every mu of 100g, is watered 4 barrels and sprays.
Described 1) the how concrete using method of fertile benefit in ecological management for add HYT-A200ml and HYT-B 350ml and to stir in 15L water, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 120g, then place 1 day, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root
Described 1) in ecological management good fortune carry out the concrete using method of microorganism fertilizer and be watered 30 kilograms for carrying out microorganism fertilizer according to every 400ml ground good fortune, ground good fortune is come microorganism fertilizer be watered mix after sparge earth's surface.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a prevention and controls for paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) ecological management:
(1) use the many or ground good fortune of fertile benefit and carry out microorganism fertilizer, improve soil physical and chemical property, increase soil fertility, strengthen the absorbing capacity of rice root;
(2) high-land is selected in rice seedling bed, anosis, and irrigation and drainage are convenient, and away from stack of rice straw, threshing ground and solarization place, double cropping late rice rice seedling bed also should away from the sick field of early rice;
2) cultural control:
(1) disease-resistant breeding is selected;
(2) anosis seed rice is selected: conventional Rice is anosis reserves seed for planting in field, the hybrid rice non-lesion production of hybrid seeds; Implementation rice field-upland field rotation with good conditionsi.Flooded sclerotium is beaten before rice transplanting;
(3) reduce bacterium source, high temperature retting wanted by sick straw, wants neat mud to cut rice during harvesting;
(4) strengthen water and fertilizer management, shallow water duty is filled with, in good time dry field, and the later stage fills with horse race water, prevents from cutting off the water supply too early;
(5) many organic fertilizers, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, particularly potash fertilizer, avoid inclined nitrogen fertilizer application;
3) BIOLOGICAL CONTROL:
Control the number of pest such as rice field leafhopper, trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, thrips, reduce the communication media of pathogen;
4) biological control:
0.3% polyoxin aqueous solution 300 times liquid limb spray application;
5) physical control:
Deal carefully with disease straw, do not allow germ contact with kind, bud, seedling, remove the ratoon rice strain of limit, field or weeds, concentrate and destroy;
6) chemical control:
The violent zinc wetting powder of 58% metalaxyl selected by medicament, and every mu of 100g, is watered 4 barrels and sprays.
2. the prevention and controls of paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the how concrete using method of fertile benefit described 1) in ecological management for add HYT-A 150-200ml and HYT-B 250-350ml and to stir in 15L water, place 2 days under normal temperature, add HYT-C 80-120g, place 1 day again, add water to 250 kilograms, after stirring, water root.
3. the prevention and controls of paddy rice sclerotium stalk rot according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described 1) in ecological management good fortune carry out the concrete using method of microorganism fertilizer and be watered 15-30 kilogram for carrying out microorganism fertilizer according to every 200-400ml ground good fortune, ground good fortune is come microorganism fertilizer be watered mix after sparge earth's surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510373954.1A CN105010021A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510373954.1A CN105010021A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice |
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| CN105010021A true CN105010021A (en) | 2015-11-04 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510373954.1A Pending CN105010021A (en) | 2015-06-30 | 2015-06-30 | Prevention and treatment method for sclerotinia stem rot of rice |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108118080A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-06-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice brown sclerotium bacteria Raw toxin identification method |
| CN110771460A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-11 | 凤台县丁集乡考传岑农业机械服务专业合作社 | Method for cleaning sclerotium and bud in paddy field |
-
2015
- 2015-06-30 CN CN201510373954.1A patent/CN105010021A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108118080A (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2018-06-05 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of rice brown sclerotium bacteria Raw toxin identification method |
| CN110771460A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2020-02-11 | 凤台县丁集乡考传岑农业机械服务专业合作社 | Method for cleaning sclerotium and bud in paddy field |
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Address after: 650000, Yunnan City, Kunming province Panlong District Beijing road and Baiyun Road intersection southwest corner, heart View Holiday building 21, 2112 layers Applicant after: Yunnan Tian Qi Hong Tillage Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 650000, Yunnan City, Kunming province Panlong District Beijing road and Baiyun Road intersection southwest corner, heart View Holiday building 21, 2112 layers Applicant before: YUNNAN TIANZHI NETWORK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. |
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Application publication date: 20151104 |