CN109892199A - The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse - Google Patents
The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN109892199A CN109892199A CN201910174915.7A CN201910174915A CN109892199A CN 109892199 A CN109892199 A CN 109892199A CN 201910174915 A CN201910174915 A CN 201910174915A CN 109892199 A CN109892199 A CN 109892199A
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- matrix
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- waste material
- heliogreenhouse
- cucurbita pepo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses field pumpkin cultivation matrix is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse, by fermentation mushroom matrix waste material: peat: perlite is that 5~10:7:5~8 compound according to mass ratio, the preparation method of the fermentation mushroom matrix waste material is that 0.5~2 parts by weight of cow dung and 0.5~2 part of urea are added in 100 parts by weight of mushroom matrix waste material, water is added to make humid control in 60-70%, zymophyte is added afterwards and builds heap, ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun；11.64% can be improved for transplanting survival rate using the method that the matrix cultivates cucurbita pepo under heliogreenhouse matrix of the invention by also disclosing, cost is saved, colleague's seedling-slowing stage shifts to an earlier date 3 days, cucurbita pepo growth and development under substrate culture is substantially better than soil cultivation, residual fruit rate substrate culture lower than soil cultivation 4.69%, effectively increases commodity fruit rate, improves cucurbita pepo quality, from yield, substrate culture is significantly higher than soil cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation are cultivated under heliogreenhouse.
Background technique
Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbita pepo L.) belongs to Curcurbitaceae, and Cucurbita originates in North America south, and China is in 19th century
Middle period starts to introduce cultivation from Europe, is distributed all over the world.Annual sprawling herbs have short life, partly overgrow, overgrow three greatly
Strain.With stronger water suction and drought-resistant ability, low temperature resistant and dim light ability is stronger, and root system is powerful, and adaptable, fruit is resistance to
The advantages that storing, planting benefit is high.Cucurbita pepo contains the nutriments such as more vitamin C, glucose, and there is relieving restlessness to quench the thirst, moisten
The effect of lung cough-relieving, reducing fever and causing diuresis, dispersing swelling and dissipating binds.Fruit makees vegetables.The every edible part fresh weight nutrition content of different cultivars
Following protein 0.6-0.9g, cellulose 0.8-0.9g, fatty 0.1-0.2g, carbohydrate 2.5-3.3g, vitamin C 2.5-9 milli
Gram, carrotene 20-40 microgram, 22-29 milligrams of calcium.
China's cucurbita pepo mostly uses chamber planting at present, and there are time-consuming and laborious, liquid manure dosage is big, soil for traditional soil cultivation
The problems such as weight occurs for disease is passed, increasing peasant income is seriously constrained, causes agricultural environment pollution.
Substrate culture can effectively avoid continuous cropping obstacles and soil-borne disease insect pest, the controllable, high yield and high quality with production process
And the advantages that reducing pollution, moreover it is possible to break through the soil salinization, the production problem of bare place Greenhouse.Substrate culture technology is with it
Save labor, water-saving save fertilizer, it is high-quality and efficient the advantages that just gradually approved by numerous vegetable growers.It is disposable for facility substrate culture
The statuses such as input cost is high, nutrient management is relatively complicated, we utilize cheap waste edible fungus gurry, by fermentation technique,
Waste edible fungus gurry is researched and developed into new medium substitute, in line with the original of " with regard to letter, decrement, cleaning, efficient, ecological, sustainable "
Then, industrialized agriculture structural adjustment and transition and upgrade are pushed, new medium is cultivated and carries out many years improvement and experiment and demonstration popularization, is visited
Rope, which goes out a kind of peasant, can receive and Different Stroma and new cultivation technology easy to spread.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome prior art medium temperature chamber field pumpkin cultivations to lack efficient cultivation base
The defect of matter provides a kind of method that field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation are cultivated under heliogreenhouse.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
Field pumpkin cultivation matrix is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse, by fermentation mushroom matrix waste material: peat: perlite according to
Mass ratio is that 5~10:7:5~8 compound, and the preparation method of the fermentation mushroom matrix waste material is by mushroom matrix waste material
0.5~2 parts by weight of cow dung and 0.5~2 part of urea is added in 100 parts by weight, and water is added to make humid control in 60-70%, and rear be added is sent out
Yeast-like fungi builds heap, and ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun.
Further, by fermentation mushroom matrix waste material: peat: perlite is that 7:7:6 is compounded according to mass ratio, described
The preparation method of fermentation mushroom matrix waste material is that 1 parts by weight of cow dung and 1 part of urea are added in 100 parts by weight of mushroom matrix waste material,
Water is added to make humid control in 60-70%, rear addition zymophyte builds heap, and ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun.
The method of cucurbita pepo is cultivated under heliogreenhouse using above-mentioned matrix, comprising the following steps:
S1 cultivation bed is built
Cultivate 20~30cm of groove deep, 50~70cm of groove width, 50~70cm of separation, layer overlay garden equal between slot in slot
Skill ground cloth, is filled out at matrix to cultivation bed 4/5, and each cultivation bed is laid with 1 drip irrigation zone；
S2 seed treatment and nursery
Select that full grains are uniform, undamaged cucurbita pepo seed, 30~50min after being impregnated with warm water, then soaked with clear water
Kind 6~8 hours, rubs the mucus of net the surface of the seed with the hands and cleans up, wrapped with clean wet gauze, the vernalization at 25~32 DEG C
30-40 hours, when bud long 0.3-0.5cm, can be sowed, and seedling management is referring to Routine Management；
S3 field planting
Start to be colonized when seedling length to 31 heart of leaf, every cultivation bed is colonized a line, and spacing in the rows 45-50cm is sprinkled profoundly water；
S4 field management
Day temperature control controls liquid manure before sitting melon, temperature is white after sitting melon at 25-30 DEG C, 15-18 DEG C of night during slow seedling
Its control while increasing liquid manure amount at 25-28 DEG C, 13-16 DEG C of night, and every 5d waters 1 time, often pours 2 water with water top dressing 1 time,
Each mu applies fertilizer 20 ± 5kg of Water soluble fertilizer, when the climing length of melon is to 30cm ± 5cm, with the rope mutual winding method hanging tendril of stem, erases side in time
Bud is beaten except old leaf disease leaf, in plant length to ceiling, fall climing；
S5 harvesting melon it is long to 350-450g when harvested in time.
Preferably, groove deep 25cm, groove width 60cm, separation 60cm are cultivated in S1.
Preferably, in S2 by cucurbita pepo seed using small with clear water seed soaking 6-8 again after the immersion 40min of 50 DEG C of warm water
When.
The beneficial effects obtained by the present invention are as follows being: cucurbita pepo matrix of the invention and cultural method can mention transplanting survival rate
It is high by 11.64%, cost is saved, colleague's seedling-slowing stage shifts to an earlier date 3 days, lists and lay the foundation in advance for the later period；Cucurbita pepo is in base
Matter cultivates lower growth and development and is substantially better than soil cultivation, and plant height, stem thickness, root long, root fresh weight and stem fresh weight are all remarkably higher than soil
Cultivation, increases the accumulation of biomass, is conducive to the formation of yield.From cucurbita pepo Physiological Index in Leaves, chlorophyll test value and
Nitrogen content difference is little, but leaf area and Net Photosynthetic Rate substrate culture are significantly higher than soil cultivation, increase photosynthesis, promotees
Into the formation of yield, lay the foundation for later period high yield.Residual fruit rate substrate culture lower than soil cultivation 4.69%, effectively increases
Commodity fruit rates, improve cucurbita pepo quality, from yield, substrate culture is significantly higher than soil cultivation.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described, it should be understood that preferred embodiment described herein is only used
In the description and interpretation present invention, it is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment
1.1 experimental material
Pumpkin variety is ' more cold is beautiful ', and by Guangzhou, big agriculture gardening seed Co., Ltd is provided.
1.2 experimental design
1.2.1 substrate composition
Be prepared from the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of mushroom matrix waste material, 1 part of cow dung, urea 1kg adjusts carbon
Nitrogen ratio adds water to make humid control in 60-70%, zymophyte is added and builds heap, and ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun, finally
Mushroom matrix waste material: peat: perlite=7:7:6 ratio compounding is completed in fermentation.
1.2.2 experimental field overview
It tests and was carried out in 2018 in the 12nd teacher's Institute of agricultural sciences garden of the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang, planting type
For facility trough cultivation, groove depth 25cm, groove width 60cm, separation 60cm, interior with spreading 1 layer of gardening between the slot cloth of slot, filling
At cultivation matrix to cultivation bed 4/5, every cultivation bed is laid with 1 drip irrigation zone.Theoretical mu strain number is 1646 plants.Substrate culture and soil
Cultivation is carried out in same heliogreenhouse, and field management is identical.Breeding on March 7, April 6, field planting, May 27 started to harvest, September
27 end of day.
1.3 experimental method
Record survival rate is opened after field planting, determines slow seedling number of days.Harvesting starts, and matrix and soil cultivation respectively select at 3 points at random, often
6 plants of point records number of results and weight, until harvest home.The harvesting middle and later periods, which is respectively handled, randomly selects 10 plants, measures its strain respectively
The indexs such as height, stem thickness, leaf length, leaf width, root long, root fresh weight, stem fresh weight.Measure 3 leaf leaves with TYS-3N plant nutrition analyzer
Green element value and nitrogen content.Measure 3 leaf Net Photosynthetic Rates with the portable photosynthetic instrument of CI-340.
2 interpretations of result
Influence of 2.1 different plantings to cucurbita pepo slow seedling
7 days after cucurbita pepo field planting, substrate culture and soil cultivation transplanting survival rate significant difference, substrate culture 98% with
On, and soil cultivation is 86.61%.Under same management condition, substrate culture cucurbita pepo seedling-slowing stage is 4 days, and soil cultivation is slow
Seedling stage is 7 days, two processing differences 3 days.It is shown in Table 1.
Influence of 2.2 different plantings to cucurbita pepo growth and development
Substrate culture and soil cultivation cucurbita pepo economical character is influenced it is significant, plant height under substrate culture, stem thickness, root long,
Root fresh weight and stem fresh weight higher than soil cultivation 32.67%, 18.78%, 24.98%, 32.17% and 30.42% respectively, and reach
To significant difference level.It is shown in Table 2.
Influence of 2.3 different plantings to cucurbita pepo leaf physical signs
Substrate culture and soil cultivation influence significant, leaf area and net photosynthesis under substrate culture on cucurbita pepo leaf physical signs
Rate is higher than soil cultivation by 16.44% and 22.28% respectively, and difference reaches the level of signifiance；Chlorophyll test value and nitrogen content are respectively than soil
Earth cultivation high 5.33% and 8.04%, but difference does not reach the level of signifiance.It is shown in Table 3.
Influence of 1 different planting of table to cucurbita pepo slow seedling
| Planting type | It transplants date (the day moon -) | Transplanting survival rate (%) | Slow seedling number of days (d) |
| Substrate culture | 4-6 | 98.25% | 4 |
| Soil cultivation | 4-6 | 86.61% | 7 |
Influence of 2 different planting of table to cucurbita pepo growth and development
| Planting type | Plant height (m) | Stem thickness (mm) | Root long (cm) | Root fresh weight (g) | Stem fresh weight (g) |
| Substrate culture | 1.34a | 21.63a | 71.10a | 39.93a | 682.69a |
| Soil cultivation | 1.01b | 18.21b | 56.89b | 30.21b | 523.45b |
Influence of 3 different planting of table to cucurbita pepo leaf physical signs
Influence of 4 different planting of table to cucurbita pepo yield
Cucurbita pepo substrate culture significantly improves per plant number and single fruit weight, final 666.7m2Yield substrate culture is
8195.27kg, soil cultivation 5481.28kg, substrate culture is higher than soil cultivation by 49.51%, and difference reaches the level of signifiance.Residual fruit
Rate substrate culture is substantially less than soil cultivation, effectively increases the quality of cucurbita pepo.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. cultivating field pumpkin cultivation matrix under a kind of heliogreenhouse, which is characterized in that by fermentation mushroom matrix waste material: peat:
Perlite is that 5~10:7:5~8 compound according to mass ratio, and the preparation method of the fermentation mushroom matrix waste material is by mushroom
0.5~2 parts by weight of cow dung and 0.5~2 part of urea is added in 100 parts by weight of matrix waste material, and water is added to make humid control in 60-70%,
Zymophyte is added afterwards and builds heap, ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun.
2. cultivating field pumpkin cultivation matrix under heliogreenhouse as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by the mushroom base that ferments
Matter waste material: peat: perlite is that 7:7:6 is compounded according to mass ratio, and the preparation method of the fermentation mushroom matrix waste material is
1 parts by weight of cow dung and 1 part of urea are added in 100 parts by weight of mushroom matrix waste material, adds water to make humid control in 60-70%, adds afterwards
Enter zymophyte and build heap, ferment 30-40d, then the 5d that is exposed to the sun in the sun.
3. the method for cultivating cucurbita pepo under heliogreenhouse using matrix of any of claims 1 or 2, which is characterized in that including
Following steps:
S1 cultivation bed is built
Cultivation 20~30cm of groove deep, 50~70cm of groove width, 50~70cm of separation, the interior layer overlay gardening equal between slot of slot
Cloth is filled out at matrix to cultivation bed 4/5, and each cultivation bed is laid with 1 drip irrigation zone；
S2 seed treatment and nursery
Select that full grains are uniform, undamaged cucurbita pepo seed, 30~50min after being impregnated with warm water, then with clear water seed soaking 6~
It 8 hours, rubs the mucus of net the surface of the seed with the hands and cleans up, wrapped with clean wet gauze, vernalization 30-40 is small at 25~32 DEG C
When, when bud long 0.3-0.5cm, can be sowed, and seedling management is referring to Routine Management；
S3 field planting
Start to be colonized when seedling length to 31 heart of leaf, every cultivation bed is colonized a line, and spacing in the rows 45-50cm is sprinkled profoundly water；
S4 field management
Day temperature control controls liquid manure before sitting melon at 25-30 DEG C, 15-18 DEG C of night during slow seedling, and temperature daytime is controlled after sitting melon
System increases liquid manure amount at 25-28 DEG C, 13-16 DEG C of night, and every 5d waters 1 time, often pours 2 water with water top dressing 1 time, every time
Mu fertilising 20 ± 5kg of Water soluble fertilizer when the climing length of melon is to 30cm ± 5cm, with the rope mutual winding method hanging tendril of stem, erases lateral bud in time, beats
Except old leaf disease leaf fall climing in plant length to ceiling；
S5 harvesting melon it is long to 350-450g when harvested in time.
4. the method for cultivating cucurbita pepo under heliogreenhouse as described in right wants 3, which is characterized in that cultivate groove deep in S1
25cm, groove width 60cm, separation 60cm.
5. the method for cultivating cucurbita pepo under heliogreenhouse as described in right wants 3, which is characterized in that by cucurbita pepo seed in S2
Using after the immersion 40min of 50 DEG C of warm water again with clear water soak seed 6-8 hours.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910174915.7A CN109892199A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse |
| CN202110710165.8A CN113229101A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate |
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| CN201910174915.7A CN109892199A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | The method of field pumpkin cultivation matrix and cultivation is cultivated under a kind of heliogreenhouse |
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| CN202110710165.8A Pending CN113229101A (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Fermented mushroom substrate waste material, culture substrate based on fermented mushroom substrate waste material and application of culture substrate |
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Application publication date: 20190618 |