CN109906858A - A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew Download PDF

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CN109906858A
CN109906858A CN201910294177.XA CN201910294177A CN109906858A CN 109906858 A CN109906858 A CN 109906858A CN 201910294177 A CN201910294177 A CN 201910294177A CN 109906858 A CN109906858 A CN 109906858A
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seed
seedling
chinese yew
branch
breeding method
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王国保
陈法贵
厉巽巽
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Yiwu Borui Information Technology Co Ltd
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Yiwu Borui Information Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods of Chinese yew, carry out sowing cultivation with nutrition cup by taxusyunnanensis plant of the orientation to high 10-DABIII content and slotting skewer is cultivated, substantially increase the content of 10-DABIII in the Chinese yew of artificial growth.The present invention not only can effectively solve the problems, such as 10-DABIII medicine source shortage, but also the efficiency that 10-DABIII is extracted in industrialization can be improved, and reduce the production cost of the drugs such as taxol.

Description

A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew
Technical field
The present invention relates to Yew planting technical field, in particular to a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew.
Background technique
Chinese yew is good advanced industrial and engraving material, graceful town and country Landscape Trees, excellent biological agriculture Medicine preparation raw material, stem, branch, leaf, root can be used as medicine, and main component is double containing taxol, taxine, diterpenoids compound and parasol pine Flavones, volatile oil etc. are known as eucalyptus, plant giant panda, have high value of exploiting and utilizing.Recently as Chinese yew, Especially the increasingly deficient and taxol demand of wild red bean China fir resource is continuously increased, and people take up to plant by work post To solve the crisis of resource of Chinese yew.In terms of artificial growth, although cuttage technique research has all been carried out in various regions, it is in mostly Experimental stage, it is not also many for can meeting the Chinese yew raw material planting base of industrialization needs.The ecology of Yew cuttage nursery stock Adaptability feature, the environmental factors such as light, temperature, water, fertilizer to the accumulation dynamic of the influencing mechanism of content of taxol, effective component, adopt It receives and storaging and transport technology etc. shortage system in-depth study.In addition it in the breeding of cutting propagation material, also only resides within Excellent population (population) is found as mother plant for cutting, is lacked to high 10-DABIII content Chinese yew propagation material (single plant) Directive breeding.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of Chinese yew, by orienting to high 10-DABIII content Taxusyunnanensis plant carries out sowing cultivation with nutrition cup and slotting skewer is cultivated, and substantially increases 10- in the Chinese yew of artificial growth The content of DABIII.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, is cultivated using sowing or cottage breeding obtains Chinese yew seedling, then again to Chinese yew Seedling carries out cultivating and growing;
The sowing cultivate the following steps are included:
S1.1 seed collection: annual September to October collects the wine-colored mature seed of taxusyunnanensis;
S1.2 seed treatment: the mature seed of collection impregnates 3-8 days in water, removes aril, cleans and dries in the shade 1-2 days;
S1.3 seed storage: at indoor shady and cool dry, take S1.2 treated seed and sand uniform by the weight ratio of 1:3-1:4 Mixing sand storage 1 year, carries out sterilization treatment to seed during sand storage;
S1.4 sowing: carrying out rooting treatment to seed after sand storage, then seed is packed into the battalion of filling seedling culture substrate It supports and is sowed in cup, nutrition cup is placed in arched shed, and culture obtains Chinese yew seedling;Incubation time is 1 year;
The cottage breeding the following steps are included:
The selection of S2.1 branch: the upright major branch of the taxusyunnanensis that grown 1-2 or the raw branch of evil are taken, 10- is trimmed to annual October 12cm high removes branch base portion leaf;
S2.2 branch cutting: branch base portion is immersed in root-growing agent after impregnating 1 hour, branch base portion cuttage is entered into nutrition cup Cutting medium in;
S2.3 cuttage management: nutrition cup is placed in arched shed, and sunshade net is taken outside arched shed, is controlled humidity in canopy and is cultivated in 40-70% Obtain Chinese yew seedling;Incubation time is 1 year;
The cultivating and growing the following steps are included:
Select to S3.1 seedling: select 25 ° of height above sea level below of the gradient 400-800 meters in the shade face the mountain as seedling;The gradient is excellent Select 10-20 °;
S3.2 kind plant: from nutrition cup take out Chinese yew seedling, selection seedling plant sowing cultivate obtain Chinese yew children The Chinese yew seedling that seedling or cottage breeding obtain, and Chinese yew seedling is covered with sunshade net, it is to Chinese yew seedling spray concentration The Bordeaux mixture of 1-3%, every 7-10 days sprinkling is primary, sprays 5-7 times altogether;Winter covers the mulch with a thickness of 1-1.5, sprays plant Object anti-icing fluid;
S3.3 truncation: branches and leaves of topping when the 2-6 month of growth of taxol to third year set a height of 50-70cm before truncation, until the 3 years 9-12 months carried out secondary truncation;Or branches and leaves of topping growth of taxol to the 9-12 month in third year, a height of 50- is set before truncation 70cm, until the 4th year 2-6 month secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: it grows to the 4th year 9-12 month or started the 5th year 2-6 month to harvest newborn branches and leaves.
Taxusyunnanensis original is grown in warm band climatic environment, is not suitable with subtropical climate, in planting process, the present invention couple Chinese yew carries out cold-resistant domestication, passes through the height above sea level of 400-800 meters of certain heights, 25 ° of the gradient or less hillside cool in summer and warm in winter, winters Cover with a thickness of 1-1.5 mulch and spray anti-icing fluid, rich phosphorus and potassium lacks the measures such as nitrogenous fertilizer, allow taxusyunnanensis adaptation in Zhejiang area Domain growth, after cold-resistant domestication, the optimum cultivation temperature of taxusyunnanensis is at 15-28 DEG C.
Preferably, S2.3 cuttage management and S3.2 kind are planted, the shading rate of sunshade net is in 50%-80%.Chinese yew is happiness Negative plant covers sunshade net guarantee Chinese yew in the case where absorbing certain sunlight, and will not be too sufficient due to illumination, influences its life It is long.Wherein, when height above sea level is 400 meters, shading rate needs to reach 75%-80%, and when height above sea level is 800 meters, shading rate needs reach 50%-55%。
Preferably, S3.2 kind is planted, when taking out Chinese yew seedling from nutrition cup, nutrition cup is removed, keeps soil ball complete, And it is wrapped up with film.It in nutrition cup after growth of seedling 1 year, needs to be transplanted on soil, needs to keep removing ball during transplanting Completely, root damage is avoided, is wrapped up with film, to keep the humidity of root to be suitable for.Root system is wrapped in soil ball, keeps soil ball complete It is whole, i.e., it also ensure that the complete of root system simultaneously.
Preferably, S1.3 seed storage, the concrete operations of sterilization treatment are carried out during sand storage to seed are as follows: second year The 6-9 month, seed is monthly taken out from sand, once then buried in Hui Sha with the potassium permanganate sterilization of 0.05%-0.2%.In day When gas is warmmer, microbial reproduction is fast, and carrying out sterilization treatment to seed in higher temperature during sand storage is seed in order to prevent The survival rate of the influence Chinese yew such as upper microorganism.The concentration of potassium permanganate is preferably 0.1%.The potassium permanganate of 0.1% concentration is moderate, Not only it can guarantee the elimination of micro-organisms, but also will not influence the survival rate of Chinese yew.
Preferably, S1.4 is sowed, the rooting treatment is specially before sowing first with 40 ° -55 ° of white wine and 35 DEG C -55 DEG C water by volume 1:1 mix, impregnate 20~30min of seed, then with mass concentration be 0.5%~0.6% gibberellin water Solution impregnates 20-24h, the seed after being impregnated.Vernalization is carried out to seed using white wine and water to release Chinese yew seed Suspend mode promotes its sprouting with gibberellin aqueous solution.
Preferably, S1.4 is sowed, the seedling culture substrate is by sandy loam, mushroom residue and yellow soil according to 1:1:8 ~ 10 Mass ratio mix.
Preferably, S2.1 branch selects, the branch base portion is the branch lower end part 3-6cm;S2.2 branch cutting, institute State the gibberellin aqueous solution that root-growing agent is 0.5%~0.6%.
Preferably, S2.2 branch cutting, the cutting medium is made of the perlite of lower layer and the yellow soil on upper layer, precious Zhu Yan is with a thickness of 4-6cm, and yellow soil is with a thickness of 1-2cm.Perlite particle is larger, with hygroscopic, easy dehydration, good permeability Feature, the characteristic being easily dehydrated is easy to cause water loss, but good permeability is easy that Chinese yew is made to take root;Yellow soil has higher Stickiness, be easy keep moisture, the humidity that yellow soil had not only been able to maintain matrix is covered on perlite, but can make root keep compared with Good gas permeability, substantially increases the survival rate of Chinese yew.
Preferably, S3.2 kind is planted, the line-spacing of plantation is 70-100cm, spacing in the rows 70-100cm.
Preferably, the fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: in four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season fertilising is primary, fertilizer Material uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, and per acre for 30-40 jins, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13-15 to dosage of applying fertilizer every time in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer: 15-16:15-16。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention carries out sowing cultivation with nutrition cup by taxusyunnanensis plant of the orientation to high 10-DABIII content and inserts Skewer is cultivated, and is substantially increased the content of 10-DABIII in the Chinese yew of artificial growth, not only can effectively be solved 10-DABIII The problem of medicine source shortage, but also the efficiency that 10-DABIII is extracted in industrialization can be improved, reduce the life of the drugs such as taxol Produce cost.
2, breeding method of the invention is able to maintain the merit of original kind.
3, cultural method of the invention can greatly improve the survival rate of Chinese yew, and survival rate is in 80-95%.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention will be further explained in detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, used raw material and equipment etc. are commercially available or commonly used in the art. Method in following embodiments is unless otherwise instructed the conventional method of this field.
Mountain area of the high 10-DABIII content taxusyunnanensis parent acquisition from Lincang City, Chinese yunnan province.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew is cultivated using sowing and obtains Chinese yew seedling, then planted again to Chinese yew seedling Cultivate plant;
The sowing cultivate the following steps are included:
S1.1 seed collection: annual September to October collects the wine-colored mature seed of taxusyunnanensis;
S1.2 seed treatment: the mature seed of collection impregnates 3-8 days in water, removes aril, cleans and dries in the shade 1-2 days;
S1.3 seed storage: at indoor shady and cool dry, take S1.2 treated seed and sand uniform by the weight ratio of 1:3-1:4 Mixing sand storage 1 year, carries out sterilization treatment, concrete operations to seed during sand storage are as follows: the 6-9 month of second year, monthly from sand Seed is taken out, is once then buried in Hui Sha with the potassium permanganate sterilization of 0.05%-0.2%;
S1.4 sowing: carrying out rooting treatment to seed after sand storage, and the rooting treatment is specially before sowing first with 40 ° -55 ° White wine and 35 DEG C -55 DEG C of water by volume 1:1 mix, impregnate 20~30min of seed, then with mass concentration be 0.5%~ 0.6% gibberellin aqueous solution soaking 20-24h, the seed after being impregnated;Then seed is packed into filling seedling culture substrate Nutrition cup in sowed, nutrition cup is placed in arched shed, under the conditions of natural temperature, culture 1 year after obtain Chinese yew children Seedling;The seedling culture substrate is mixed by sandy loam, mushroom residue and yellow soil according to the mass ratio of 1:1:8 ~ 10.
The cultivating and growing the following steps are included:
Select to S3.1 seedling: select 25 ° of height above sea level below of the gradient 400-800 meters in the shade face the mountain as seedling;
S3.2 kind is planted: Chinese yew seedling taken out from nutrition cup, when taking out Chinese yew seedling from nutrition cup, removes nutrition cup, Keep soil ball complete, and wrapped up with film, it is ensured that survival rate, selection seedling plant sowing and cultivate the Chinese yew children obtained Seedling, the line-spacing of plantation is 70-100cm, spacing in the rows 70-100cm, and covers Chinese yew children with sunshade net (shading rate 50%-80%) Seedling,;The Bordeaux mixture for being 1-3% to Chinese yew seedling spray concentration, every 7-10 days sprinkling is primary, sprays 5-7 times altogether;Winter covers With a thickness of 1-1.5 mulches, spray on plants anti-icing fluid (commercially available), plant-antifreezing liquid sprays twice, and the selection of sprinkling opportunity is being dropped Temperature is a few days ago advisable;
S3.3 truncation: branches and leaves of topping when the 2-6 month of growth of taxol to third year set a height of 50-70cm before truncation, until the 3 years 9-12 months carried out secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: grow to the 4th year start the 9-12 month harvest newborn branches and leaves;
The fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: in four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season fertilising is primary, and fertilizer uses azophoska Hefei (commercially available), per acre for 30-40 jins, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 15(N% to dosage of applying fertilizer every time in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer): 15 (P2O5%): 15(K2O%).
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment difference from example 1 is that:
S3.3 truncation: growth of taxol to the 9-12 month in third year is topped branches and leaves, a height of 50-70cm is set before truncation, until the 4th Year 2-6 month secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: grow to the 5th year start the 2-6 month harvest newborn branches and leaves;
The fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: in four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season fertilising is primary, and fertilizer uses azophoska Hefei (commercially available), per acre for 30-40 jins, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13(N% to dosage of applying fertilizer every time in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer): 16 (P2O5%): 15(K2O%).
The other the same as in Example 1.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of breeding method of Chinese yew obtains Chinese yew seedling using cottage breeding, then plants again to Chinese yew seedling Cultivate plant;
The cottage breeding the following steps are included:
The selection of S2.1 branch: the upright major branch of the taxusyunnanensis that grown 1-2 or the raw branch of evil are taken, 10- is trimmed to annual October 12cm high removes branch base portion leaf;
S2.2 branch cutting: branch base portion (the branch lower end part 3-6cm) is immersed in root-growing agent after impregnating 1 hour, by branch Base portion cuttage enters in the cutting medium of nutrition cup, the gibberellin aqueous solution that the root-growing agent is 0.5%~0.6%;The skewer It inserts matrix to be made of the perlite of lower layer and the yellow soil on upper layer, perlite is with a thickness of 4-6cm, and yellow soil is with a thickness of 1-2cm;
S2.3 cuttage management: nutrition cup is placed in Small plastic shed, and greenhouse is taken outside Small plastic shed, covers sunshade net (shading rate on greenhouse 50%-80%), it controls humidity in canopy and after culture 1 year, obtains Chinese yew seedling under the conditions of 40-70%, natural temperature;
The cultivating and growing the following steps are included:
Select to S3.1 seedling: select 25 ° of height above sea level below of the gradient 400-800 meters in the shade face the mountain as seedling;
S3.2 kind is planted: Chinese yew seedling taken out from nutrition cup, when taking out Chinese yew seedling from nutrition cup, removes nutrition cup, Keep soil ball complete, and wrapped up with film, it is ensured that survival rate, selection seedling plant sowing and cultivate the Chinese yew children obtained Seedling, the line-spacing of plantation is 70-100cm, spacing in the rows 70-100cm, and covers Chinese yew children with sunshade net (shading rate 50%-80%) Seedling,;The Bordeaux mixture for being 1-3% to Chinese yew seedling spray concentration, every 7-10 days sprinkling is primary, sprays 5-7 times altogether;Winter covers With a thickness of 1-1.5 mulches, spray on plants anti-icing fluid (commercially available), plant-antifreezing liquid sprays twice, and the selection of sprinkling opportunity is being dropped Temperature is a few days ago advisable;
S3.3 truncation: branches and leaves of topping when the 2-6 month of growth of taxol to third year set a height of 50-70cm before truncation, until the 3 years 9-12 months carried out secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: grow to the 4th year start the 9-12 month harvest newborn branches and leaves;
The fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: in four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season fertilising is primary, and fertilizer uses azophoska Hefei (commercially available), per acre for 30-40 jins, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 15(N% to dosage of applying fertilizer every time in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer): 15 (P2O5%): 15(K2O%).
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment and embodiment 3 the difference is that:
S3.3 truncation: growth of taxol to the 9-12 month in third year is topped branches and leaves, a height of 50-70cm is set before truncation, until the 4th Year 2-6 month secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: grow to the 5th year start the 2-6 month harvest newborn branches and leaves;
The fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: in four seasons spring, summer, autumn and winter, each season fertilising is primary, and fertilizer uses azophoska Hefei (commercially available), per acre for 30-40 jins, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13(N% to dosage of applying fertilizer every time in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer): 16 (P2O5%): 15(K2O%).
The other the same as in Example 3.
The practice of the solution of the present invention be planted in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province city progress, since 2013 plant, the mountain of selection 15 ° of the ground gradient, 800 mu of area, mountainous region height above sea level is from 400-800 meters, and when height above sea level is 400 meters, shading rate is controlled in 75%-80%, When height above sea level is 800 meters, shading rate is controlled in 50%-55%, and height above sea level is higher, and shading rate is lower.
It is detected by the extraction of the branches and leaves of yew obtained to production, the solution of the present invention taxusyunnanensis branches and leaves are every 100KG can obtain the 10-DABIII extract of 0.8-1.0kg after extracting, be able to maintain the merit of original kind.
And the every 100KG branches and leaves of southerm yew are only capable of obtaining the 10-DABIII extract of 0.01-0.02kg after extracting, it is graceful The every 100KG branches and leaves of ground Asia Chinese yew can obtain the 10-DABIII extract of 0.03-0.06 kg after extracting.
Cultural method of the invention can greatly improve the survival rate of taxusyunnanensis, and survival rate is in 80-95%.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, not the present invention is made in any form Limitation, there are also other variations and modifications on the premise of not exceeding the technical scheme recorded in the claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of breeding method of Chinese yew, it is characterised in that: cultivated using sowing or cottage breeding obtains Chinese yew seedling, so Cultivating and growing is carried out to Chinese yew seedling again afterwards;
The sowing cultivate the following steps are included:
S1.1 seed collection: annual September to October collects the wine-colored mature seed of taxusyunnanensis;
S1.2 seed treatment: the mature seed of collection impregnates 3-8 days in water, removes aril, cleans and dries in the shade 1-2 days;
S1.3 seed storage: at indoor shady and cool dry, take S1.2 treated seed and sand uniform by the weight ratio of 1:3-1:4 Mixing sand storage 1 year, carries out sterilization treatment to seed during sand storage;
S1.4 sowing: carrying out rooting treatment to seed after sand storage, then seed is packed into the battalion of filling seedling culture substrate It supports and is sowed in cup, nutrition cup is placed in arched shed, and culture obtains Chinese yew seedling;
The cottage breeding the following steps are included:
The selection of S2.1 branch: the upright major branch of the taxusyunnanensis that grown 1-2 or the raw branch of evil are taken, 10- is trimmed to annual October 12cm high removes branch base portion leaf;
S2.2 branch cutting: branch base portion is immersed in root-growing agent after impregnating 1 hour, branch base portion cuttage is entered into nutrition cup Cutting medium in;
S2.3 cuttage management: nutrition cup is placed in arched shed, and sunshade net is taken outside arched shed, is controlled humidity in canopy and is cultivated in 40-70% Obtain Chinese yew seedling;
The cultivating and growing the following steps are included:
Select to S3.1 seedling: select 25 ° of height above sea level below of the gradient 400-800 meters in the shade face the mountain as seedling;
S3.2 kind plant: from nutrition cup take out Chinese yew seedling, selection seedling plant sowing cultivate obtain Chinese yew children The Chinese yew seedling that seedling or cottage breeding obtain, and Chinese yew seedling is covered with sunshade net, it is to Chinese yew seedling spray concentration The Bordeaux mixture of 1-3%, every 7-10 days sprinkling is primary, sprays 5-7 times altogether;Winter covers the mulch with a thickness of 1-1.5, sprays plant Object anti-icing fluid;
S3.3 truncation: branches and leaves of topping when the 2-6 month of growth of taxol to third year set a height of 50-70cm before truncation, until the 3 years 9-12 months carried out secondary truncation;Or branches and leaves of topping growth of taxol to the 9-12 month in third year, a height of 50- is set before truncation 70cm, until the 4th year 2-6 month secondary truncation;
S3.4 harvesting: it grows to the 4th year 9-12 month or started the 5th year 2-6 month to harvest newborn branches and leaves.
2. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S2.3 cuttage management and S3.2 kind are planted, sunshade net Shading rate is in 50%-80%.
3. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S3.2 kind is planted, and Chinese yew children is taken out from nutrition cup Miao Shi removes nutrition cup, keeps soil ball complete, and wrapped up with film.
4. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S1.3 seed storage carries out seed during sand storage The concrete operations of sterilization treatment are as follows: the 6-9 month of second year, seed is monthly taken out from sand, with the potassium permanganate of 0.05%-0.2% Then sterilization once buries in Hui Sha.
5. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S1.4 sowing, the rooting treatment are specially to sow Preceding first with 40 ° -55 ° of white wine and 35 DEG C -55 DEG C of water, 1:1 is mixed by volume, is impregnated 20~30min of seed, is then used matter Measure the gibberellin aqueous solution soaking 20-24h that concentration is 0.5%~0.6%, the seed after being impregnated.
6. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S1.4 sowing, the seedling culture substrate is by sandy loam Soil, mushroom residue and yellow soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1:8 ~ 10.
7. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the selection of S2.1 branch, the branch base portion are branch The lower end part 3-6cm;S2.2 branch cutting, the gibberellin aqueous solution that the root-growing agent is 0.5%~0.6%.
8. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S2.2 branch cutting, the cutting medium is by lower layer Perlite and upper layer yellow soil composition, perlite is with a thickness of 4-6cm, and yellow soil is with a thickness of 1-2cm.
9. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: S3.2 kind is planted, and the line-spacing of plantation is 70-100cm, strain Away from for 70-100cm.
10. breeding method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fertilizing management when cultivating and growing are as follows: spring and summer In four seasons autumn and winter, the fertilising of each season is primary, and fertilizer uses nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, dosage of applying fertilizer every time be 30-40 jins per acre, nitrogen phosphorus Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 13-15:15-16:15-16 in K composite fertilizer.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN110249889A (en) * 2019-07-09 2019-09-20 宁乡县仁华农业发展有限责任公司 A kind of artificial method for planting of Chinese yew
CN111602550A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-09-01 普洱大华林业科技有限公司 Artificial seedling raising method using taxus chinensis seeds

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