CN103460921B - A kind of method of Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting - Google Patents
A kind of method of Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprise the step such as transplanting of the choosing of seed, the sterilization of seed, centrifugal overweight process, plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture, the sprouting of seed and soil scienceization management, seedling, through centrifugal overweight process, plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture, shorten the dormancy time of Emmenopterys henryi seed, and through effective temperature and light according to process, the seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi, germination vigor, germination index are all very high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of method of Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting.
Background technology
Emmenopterys henryi (Emmenopterys Henryi Oliv.) has another name called fourth wood, the great Ye water seeds of a tung oil tree, little wax gourd, eggplant tree etc., for Rubiaceae Emmenopterys henryi belongs to seeds [1].It is the ancient Relict Plant of China, originates from the Cretaceous period in Mesozoic Era apart from modern about 100,000,000 years, is listed in country's II grade of protective plant.In the deciduous broadleaved forest being mainly distributed in mountain or low mountainous region in the subtropics such as Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Jiangsu or evergreen, Deciduous Broad Leaved Mixed Forest.Root, the bark of Emmenopterys henryi can be used as medicine, in wet and stomach, stopping nausea and vomiting by lowering the adverse flow of QI, gastric disorder causing nausea, vomiting, hiccup etc. there is certain curative effect, there is important pharmaceutical value.Emmenopterys henryi is the peculiar autogenus plant of China, to research Rubiaceae systematic growth and south China, the west and south floristic region system all have the certain significance; In addition, its timber can as the material such as building, furniture, and tree performance is graceful, and spending large and gorgeous, is again excellent ornamental plants.Therefore strengthen, to the research of breeding of Emmenopterys henryi, there is important economic worth and ecological significance
Although Emmenopterys henryi distribution is comparatively wide, how scattered growth, and due to deforest and reclamation and indiscriminate felling of trees, add that himself seed germination power is lower, natural regeneration ability, thus natural distributed phases down, and plant reduces day by day, large tree, veteran are rare especially.Therefore, strengthen, to the research of Emmenopterys henryi propagation technique, there is Important Economic and the ecological value.The process of Emmenopterys henryi field seminal propagation must have enough provenance numbers, otherwise under the condition do not formed at forest community, is difficult to reach certain population quantity to realize minimum viable population, and therefore its population will in decline with the trend of withering away.And the germination rate of seed is lower, there is no scientific soil management pattern in the wild; Therefore the breeding of Emmenopterys henryi is constrained to a great extent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves utilizes artificial technology to abolish Emmenopterys henryi seed dormancy, and take certain measure to improve the seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
A method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleaning 2-3 time, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 3-4 hour, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soaking 3-4 hour, then filter and remove described thimerosal; Use seed 2-3 time described in sterile water wash again, continue to filter and remove residual described thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting;
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 20-100 μ L/L and 10-50 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solution, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 10-15% after 2-4 h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening.Then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 22-25 DEG C of greenhouse and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1500-1700LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 23-25 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan are according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply in soil saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan ratio of weight and number be 1:1:1:2;
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(7) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings in the soil in step (6), keeps temperature about 25 DEG C, after relative moisture 70-75%, 15-25 days, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) seed coat obstacle can be abolished through suitable centrifugal overweight process, be conducive to breaking dormancy.
(2) can effective breaking dormancy by gibberellin and salicylic acid mixed processing, and hide in processing procedure in sand at low temperature and adopt first 4 DEG C of low temperature, 25 DEG C of constant temperature and then 4 DEG C of low temperature treatment can help the dormancy of seed Rapid reversal again, and add suitable HORMONE TREATMENT at each temperature treatment phase, the fast-germination of seed can be promoted.
(3) in the seed germination stage, take suitable temperature and light according to process, germination rate, germination vigor and germination index are all improved.
(4) adopt the soil management pattern of science, improve soil fertility, and Pest management rate.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
A method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleans 2 times, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 3 hours, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soakings 3 hours, then filter and remove described thimerosal; Use seed described in sterile water wash 2 times again, continue to filter and remove residual described thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting; The rotating speed of high speed freezing centrifuge is 3000r/min, and the centrifugal overweight processing time is 1h.
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 20 μ L/L and 50 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solutions, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 10% after 2h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening.Then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 22 DEG C of greenhouses and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1500LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 23 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings to seedbed, seedbed is made up of two-layer matrix, overlayer matrix be 12 cm thicks by volume for detritus soil: vermiculite: rice chaff: garden mould=3: the mixture of 2: 1: 1, lower floor is perlite and the river sand of 5 cm thicks, keep temperature about 25 DEG C, relative moisture, after 70%, 15-25 day, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre; Wherein said perlite and the ratio of river sand are 1:1.
Result shows: the seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi is 94%, and germination vigor is 92%, and germination index is 54.5.
embodiment 2
A method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleans 3 times, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 4 hours, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soakings 4 hours, then filter and remove described thimerosal; Use seed described in sterile water wash 3 times again, continue to filter and remove residual described thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting; The rotating speed of high speed freezing centrifuge is 3500r/min, and the centrifugal overweight processing time is 2h.
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 100 μ L/L and 10 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solutions, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 15% after 4 h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening.Then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 25 DEG C of greenhouses and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1700LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 25 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings to seedbed, seedbed is made up of two-layer matrix, overlayer matrix be 15 cm thicks by volume for detritus soil: vermiculite: rice chaff: garden mould=3: the mixture of 2: 1: 1, lower floor is perlite and the river sand of 7 cm thicks, keep temperature about 25 DEG C, relative moisture, after 75%, 15-25 day, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre; Wherein said perlite and the ratio of river sand are 2:1.
Result shows: the seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi is 95%, and germination vigor is 93%, and germination index is 52.5.
embodiment 3
A method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleans 3 times, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 3 hours, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soakings 4 hours, then filter and remove described thimerosal; Use seed described in sterile water wash 3 times again, continue to filter and remove residual described thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting; The rotating speed of high speed freezing centrifuge is 3200r/min, and the centrifugal overweight processing time is 1.5h.
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 50 μ L/L and 30 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solutions, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 12% after 3 h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening.Then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 24 DEG C of greenhouses and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1600LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 24 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings to seedbed, seedbed is made up of two-layer matrix, overlayer matrix be 14 cm thicks by volume for detritus soil: vermiculite: rice chaff: garden mould=3: the mixture of 2: 1: 1, lower floor is perlite and the river sand of 6 cm thicks, keep temperature about 25 DEG C, relative moisture, after 72%, 15-25 day, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre; Wherein said perlite and the ratio of river sand are 1:1.
Result shows: the seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi is 96%, and germination vigor is 94%, and germination index is 56.2.
Embodiment 4:
A method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleaning 2-3 time, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 3-4 hour, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soaking 3-4 hour, then filter and remove described thimerosal; Use seed 2-3 time described in sterile water wash again, continue to filter and remove residual described thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting;
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 20-100 μ L/L and 10-50 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solution, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 10-15% after 2-4 h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening.Then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 22-25 DEG C of greenhouse and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1500-1700LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 23-25 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) soil environment is cultivated: regulate soil pH value to be 7.0 ~ 8.2, use after mixing with 5 times of volume fine earths after Cosan is sieved, except regulating soil pH value with Cosan, Cosan is then better with peat composed of rotten mosses mixing application effect, or use pine needle to coordinate Cosan to improve soil, wherein pine needle, original soil, muck, Cosan are according to ratio of weight and number 2:3:1:2, or apply in soil saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan carry out soil melioration, wherein saw not, the peat composed of rotten mosses, liver moss and Cosan ratio of weight and number be 1:1:1:2;
Increase soil organic matter content: the field planting ditch digging wide 50 cm, dark 40 cm, organic matter, fertilizer, original soil are improved the soil in the ratio of 1:1:1, organic matter uses the acid peat composed of rotten mosses, if first January more than must be stacked with sawdust, bark, become thoroughly decomposed completely after decomposing and re-use, as employment domestic animals manure become thoroughly decomposed or straw leaf rot to become thoroughly decomposed after the natural fertilizers that formed, note not mixing ash, lime alkaline matter, content reaches more than 3% ~ 5%, to increase the permeability of soil;
Soil covers: can carry out after soil covers seedling planting, by covering uniform fold at bed surface, wide 1 meter, thick 5 ~ 10 centimetres, cover 2 cm thicks more every year later, to keep original thickness, the new sawdust decomposed if application is not rotted, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 50% need be enriched, rot the sawdust decomposed, nitrogen fertilizer amount should correspondingly reduce, cover unregistered land film and can prevent soil water evaporation, control weeds, improve ground temperature, preferably the orchard of drip irrigation facility is being had to apply, cover unregistered land film and cover the organic matter better or front weed killer herbicide of field planting of effect that combines and kill weeds, entirely cultivate field after field planting and sow green manure Trifolium repense, the leguminous plants such as red clover, field can be covered completely after March, soil fertility can be increased again,
(7) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings in the soil in step (6), keeps temperature about 25 DEG C, after relative moisture 70-75%, 15-25 days, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre.
The seed germination rate of Emmenopterys henryi is 98%, and germination vigor is 99%; And plant strain growth is vigorous, improve soil fertility 13.2%, Disease management rate 22%.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1.
a method for Emmenopterys henryi non-polluted planting, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) the choosing of seed: first select the suitable local seed without damage by disease and insect, selects full grains, glossiness for subsequent use by the seed newly gathered;
(2) sterilization of seed: seed warm water cleans 3 times, then puts into thiophanate methyl 500 times of liquid and soaks 3 hours, then use 40% sulfuric acid trisodium, 10 times of solution seed soakings 4 hours, then filter and remove thimerosal; Use seed described in sterile water wash 3 times again, continue to filter and remove residual thimerosal and described sterile water, obtain sterile seed;
(3) centrifugal overweight process: carry out overweight process by putting into high speed freezing centrifuge through above-mentioned seed of disinfecting; The rotating speed of high speed freezing centrifuge is 3200r/min, and the centrifugal overweight processing time is 1.5h;
(4) plant hormone and low temperature Sand culture: in the gibberellin Emmenopterys henryi seed filtered out through disinfecting being soaked in 50 μ L/L and 30 μ L/L salicylic acid mixed solutions, soak time is mix with the wet sand of moisture 12% after 3 h again, be placed on husky in 4 DEG C of refrigerators Tibetan 30 days, stir 1 time every 3 days, keep seed moistening;
then take out and screen out sand, thin layer dries in the shade, then soaks 24h with 0.1%ABA and 0.5%GA, after moving to 25 DEG C of thermostatic chamber sand Tibetan 40d, soaks 12h, then hide 40 days 4 DEG C of sand at low temperature with 0.4%ABA;
(5) sprouting of seed: by treated seed, put into culture dish, bottom paving double-layer filter paper, silk liquid is cultivated to be positioned in 24 DEG C of greenhouses and is carried out seed germination, every 3 d change 1 filter paper, and every 6 d change No. 1 culture dish, drip distilled water in right amount as required, keep filter paper moistening, to reduce flow of water variation as far as possible; Controlled light intensity is 1600LX, and light application time is 13 hours/day, and temperature is 24 DEG C, and cultivate about 10 days, seed sprouting, bears seedling;
(6) transplanting of seedling: transplant seedlings to seedbed, seedbed is made up of two-layer matrix, overlayer matrix be 14 cm thicks by volume for detritus soil: vermiculite: rice chaff: garden mould=3: the mixture of 2: 1: 1, lower floor is perlite and the river sand of 6 cm thicks, keep temperature about 25 DEG C, relative moisture, after 72%, 15-25 day, grows the seedling of 10-20 centimetre; Wherein said perlite and the ratio of river sand are 1:1.
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