CN104996052B - A kind of raising orchard fertilizer, the method for water use efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of raising orchard fertilizer, the method for water use efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN104996052B CN104996052B CN201510411249.6A CN201510411249A CN104996052B CN 104996052 B CN104996052 B CN 104996052B CN 201510411249 A CN201510411249 A CN 201510411249A CN 104996052 B CN104996052 B CN 104996052B
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- fertilizer
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- dressing furrow
- mulch film
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency, comprise the following steps：Open dressing furrow；Applied fertilizer into the ditch opened；Irrigated into the ditch for apply overfertilization；Lid mulch film on ditch after irrigation；Earth-retaining is segmented on the mulch film covered；Hole is pricked on the mulch film of the good soil of gear；In the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.Overlay film is combined by orchard using " fertilizer, water, film integration " technology with dressing furrow in the present invention, the main rainwater collected with the later stage of being poured water using early stage is in dressing furrow, realize water, fertilizer integration, improve the reciprocal effects of moisture and fertilizer, the local rich water enrichment of fruit tree rhizosphere soil is realized, fruit tree Rhizosphere environment, effective supply fruit tree nutrient, moisture can be improved, the strong tree body of training, hence it is evident that improve apple yield and quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree cultivation technical field, it is related to a kind of raising orchard fertilizer, the method for water use efficiency.
Background technology
The earth's surface Cultivating techniques of orchard primarily now are as follows：1. clear plough is irrigated, this is that one kind is adapted to have irrigation conditions orchard
Conventional aqueous cultivate pattern, and have the orchard of irrigation conditions, without covering treatment after irrigation, the soil moisture on top layer is steamed
Send out too fast, substantially reduce efficiency of water application.2. orchard ground cover system, this is, to full garden or inter-row green covering, to make soil surface not sudden and violent
Dew, is cradled several times per fraction of the year, or the soil moisture management method not cradled throughout the year, and long-term sward can maintain the base of soil
Plinth fertility, the comprehensive fertility for improving soil, improve root system ecological environment, promote constantly advancing for fruits industry.3. orchard
Grass is covered, is exactly the also referred to as orchard improving straw mulching between the tree disk of fruit tree, strain, the stalks mulching of Hang Neihuoquan gardens, is relatively conventional water
Divide cultivation pattern.4. fruit tree water, fertilizer integration, exactly by fertilising and combination of pouring water, water, fertilizer enter the mistake of fruit tree root system simultaneously
Journey, is weight feed fruit tree root moisture, nutrient, improves the effective ways of water and fertilizer utilization, still, water, fertile integrated technique
Not yet form systematic difference system.5. covering with ground sheeting, is exactly that the foster orchard of rain is effectively increased soil storage, improves apple production
Important technique measure, orchard covering with ground sheeting higher than the soil moisture content of open ground is by forming air-locked in soil surface
Physical barrier, exchanging between cut-out soil moisture and air, and the water that formation one is closed between mulch film and soil-
The moisture evaporated in the gas cyclic space, such soil aggegation under mulch film forms water droplet and again returned in soil, earth's surface is existed
For a long time without water replenishment in the case of can still keep higher water content.
When research shows orchard ground cover cultivation, water competition is there is between grass and fruit tree, particularly 0~40cm soil layers,
With the increase of the sward time limit, water competition extends to deeper soil layer.Simple covering with ground sheeting seepage of water is poor, though topsoil can be improved
Earth water content, but influences the supplement of the supplement, especially deep carbonate rocks of Precipitation on Soil moisture, causes deep carbonate rocks
There is obvious exhaustion phenomenon, soil texture is hardened, soil granular structure hydraulic performance decline.Orchard improving straw mulching easily occur the plague of rats,
Insect pest and local root rot.Orchard is fertile, water integrated greatly increased due to lacking increased surface covering moisture runoff and invalid evaporation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for improving orchard fertilizer, water use efficiency, fertilizer, water, film one are employed
Body technology, solves the problem of utilization rate of fertilizer is low under the water deficit conditions of arid area.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of raising orchard is fertile, the method for water use efficiency, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, dressing furrow is opened；
Step 2, applied fertilizer in the ditch opened to step 1；
Step 3, apply in the ditch of overfertilization and irrigate into step 2；
Step 4, lid mulch film on the ditch after irrigating in step 3；
Step 5, it is segmented earth-retaining on the mulch film that step 4 is covered；
Step 6：Hole is pricked on the mulch film for keeping off good soil in steps of 5；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.
The features of the present invention is also resided in,
The detailed process that wherein step 1 opens dressing furrow is：
In the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, 20~30cm of ditch depth, 30~50cm of furrow width.
The material that wherein applied fertilizer in step 2 includes farm manure and chemical fertilizer, and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer are included to fertilize, contains fruit tree
Phase, mu applies 2000~3000kg of farm manure, 20~30kg of mu nitrogen fertilizer application, 15~20kg of phosphate fertilizer, 20~25kg of potash fertilizer.
The detailed process wherein irrigated in step 3 is：
Applied into step 2 filled in the ditch of overfertilization the irrigation volume by biogas slurry, biogas residue, every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch for 25~
50kg。
Another detailed process wherein irrigated in step 3 is：
Poured water in the ditch that overfertilization is applied into step 2, the irrigation quantity by every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch is 90~120kg.
Wherein the detailed process of epiphragma is in step 4：
Step 4.1, the dressing furrow after being irrigated in the step 3 is backfilling into less than at 5~10cm of ground；
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on the dressing furrow after backfill, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of low, both sides
Depth in high matrix, the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is not less than 5cm.
Specific earth-retaining process is wherein in step 5：
The earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions.
The detailed process in bundle hole is wherein in step 6：
Hole is pricked on mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two, the quantity for pricking hole is 1~3, pore size is 3~5cm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows to orchard, using " fertilizer, water, film integration ", technology is by overlay film and applies fertilizer in the present invention
Ditch is combined, and the main rainwater collected with the later stage of being poured water using early stage is realized water, fertilizer integration, improve moisture in dressing furrow
With the reciprocal effects of fertilizer, the local rich water enrichment of fruit tree rhizosphere soil is realized, fruit tree Rhizosphere environment can be improved, effectively
Supply fruit tree nutrient, moisture, the strong tree body of training, hence it is evident that improve apple yield and quality.Orchard is carried out after " fertilizer, water, film integration "
In the ranks coordinating stalks mulching, green manure, weeds or other organic substances, playing the role of culture fertility and soil moisture conservation, add tree body
Absorbing for various nutrients, increases the accumulation of trunk infusion material, so as to cooperate with the yield and quality for improving fruit.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of raising orchard fertilizer of the present invention, the method for water use efficiency, specifically include following steps：
Step 1, dressing furrow is opened；
Detailed process is, in the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, 20~30cm of ditch depth, 30~50cm of furrow width.
Step 2, applied fertilizer in the ditch opened to step 1；
The material that applies fertilizer includes farm manure and chemical fertilizer (farm manure and chemical fertilizer mixing are applied), and nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium are included to fertilize
Fertilizer, trees in richful production period, mu applies high-quality 2000~3000kg of farm manure, and 20~30kg of mu nitrogen fertilizer application, 15~20kg of phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer 20~
25kg。
Step 3, apply in the ditch of overfertilization and irrigate into step 2；
The detailed process of irrigation is：
Applied into step 2 filled in the ditch of overfertilization the irrigation volume by biogas slurry, biogas residue, every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch for 25~
50kg。
Poured water in the ditch that overfertilization is applied into step 2, the irrigation quantity by every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch is 90~120kg.
Step 4, lid mulch film on the ditch after irrigating in step 3；
Step 4.1, the dressing furrow that water was poured in step 3 is backfilling into less than at 5~10cm of ground；
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on the dressing furrow after backfill, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of low, both sides
Slightly higher matrix, needs to tense during covering with ground sheeting, stretches, corrugationless and being close to dressing furrow, the mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is edge embedded
Depth in soil is not less than in 5cm, and press-in soil as vertical as possible.
Step 5, it is segmented earth-retaining on the mulch film that step 4 is covered.
Specifically earth-retaining process is：The earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions.
Step 6：Hole is pricked on the mulch film for keeping off good soil in steps of 5；
Hole is pricked on mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two, and the quantity for pricking hole is 1~3, the diameter in each hole is 3~
5cm；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.
Embodiment 1
Step 1, in the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, ditch depth 20cm, furrow width 30cm；
Step 2, containing the fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened into step 1 mu apply 2000kg farm manures, 20kg nitrogenous fertilizer,
15kg phosphate fertilizer, 20kg potash fertilizer；
Step 3, applied into step 2 and biogas slurry, biogas residue are filled in the ditch of overfertilization, corresponding ditch (ditch for applying overfertilization) by every plant of fruit tree
Interior irrigation volume is 25kg；
Step 4, dressing furrow step 3 filled after biogas slurry, biogas residue is backfilling into less than at the 5cm of ground, is then being backfilled
Cover black mulch film on dressing furrow, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of the slightly higher matrix in low, both sides, needed during covering with ground sheeting
Tense, stretch, corrugationless and being close to dressing furrow, the depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 5cm, and as far as possible
In vertical press-in soil；
Step 5, the earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions；
Step 6,1 a diameter of 3cm hole is pricked on the mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree (green manuring can improve the content of the soil organism).
Embodiment 2
Step 1, in the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, ditch depth 25cm, furrow width 40cm；
Step 2, containing the fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened into step 1 mu apply 2500kg farm manures, 25kg nitrogenous fertilizer,
18kg phosphate fertilizer, 22kg potash fertilizer；
Step 3, applied into step 2 and biogas slurry, biogas residue are filled in the ditch of overfertilization, corresponding ditch (ditch for applying overfertilization) by every plant of fruit tree
Interior irrigation volume is 50kg；
Step 4, the dressing furrow after biogas slurry, biogas residue will be filled in step 3 to be backfilling into less than at the 8cm of ground, then after backfill
Dressing furrow on cover black mulch film, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of the slightly higher matrix in low, both sides, during covering with ground sheeting
Need to tense, stretch, corrugationless and being close to dressing furrow, the depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 10cm, and to the greatest extent
Vertically it may be pressed into soil；
Step 5, the earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions；
Step 6, the hole that 2 diameters are 4cm is pricked on the mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.
Embodiment 3
Step 1, in the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, ditch depth 30cm, furrow width 50cm；
Step 2, containing the fruit tree phase, in the dressing furrow opened into step 1 mu apply 3000kg farm manures, 30kg nitrogenous fertilizer,
20kg phosphate fertilizer, 25kg potash fertilizer；
Step 3, poured water in the ditch that overfertilization is applied into step 2, the irrigation quantity by every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch is 100kg；
Step 4, the dressing furrow after step 3 is poured water is backfilling into less than at the 10cm of ground, then in the dressing furrow backfilled
Upper covering black mulch film, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of the slightly higher matrix in low, both sides, need to tense during covering with ground sheeting,
Stretch, corrugationless and be close to dressing furrow, the depth in the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is 15cm, and as vertical as possible
In press-in soil；
Step 5, the earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions；
Step 6, the hole that 3 diameters are 5cm is pricked on the mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two, and three holes are evenly distributed on
In mulch film section where it；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.
As table 1 below be in orchard continuous 3 years using the present invention in fertilizer, water, film integrated technique and it is existing individually
The yield comparison result in the technology orchard of fertilising：
Table 1
" fertilizer, water, film integration " technology by being used with being used it can be seen from upper table 1 in the present invention can recover fruit rapidly
Tree vigo(u)r in garden, 3 annuals volume increase 61%.
In In The Arid Areas On The Loess Plateau, liquid manure is combined with covering with ground sheeting measure is conducive to the accumulation of orchard nutrient, simultaneously
Tree growth, increase orchard yield can also be promoted, fruit quality is improved, covering grass with sward with " fertilizer, water, film integration " mutually ties
Close effect preferably, i.e., lay stalk before covering unregistered land film, irrigation under film, overlay film under tree, in the ranks planting forage grass.
The present invention it is a kind of raising orchard fertilizer, the method for water use efficiency the characteristics of be, the present invention in employ fertilizer, water,
Film integrated technique, realizes the local rich water enrichment of fruit tree rhizosphere soil, can improve fruit tree Rhizosphere environment, reduce root-rot
The generation of disease simultaneously effectively improves rich water utilization ratio, the strong tree body of training.Into matrix under mulch film laying, it can effectively collect rainfall and promote
Rainwater infiltration, the supplement to soil moisture can be increased by coordinating to water before overlay film, prevent deep carbonate rocks from occurring exhausting phenomenon,
Reduction soil texture is hardened, maintains good soil granular structure.Orchard coordinates after carrying out " fertilizer, water, film integration " in the ranks
Stalks mulching, green manure, weeds or other organic substances, improve soil organic substance content, there is culture fertility and soil moisture conservation,
Absorbing for the various nutrients of tree body is added, increases the accumulation of trunk infusion material, so as to cooperate with the production for improving fruit
Amount and quality.This technology method is easy, and materials are easy, and small investment, instant effect, saving of work and time is easy to utilize.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of raising orchard fertilizer, the method for water use efficiency, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
Step 1, dressing furrow is opened；
The detailed process that the step 1 opens dressing furrow is：
In the row of tree crown lower edge tree to opening dressing furrow, 20~30cm of ditch depth, 30~50cm of furrow width；
Step 2, applied fertilizer in the ditch opened to step 1；
The material that applied fertilizer in the step 2 includes farm manure and chemical fertilizer；The fruit tree phase is contained, mu applies 2000~3000kg of farm manure, and mu is applied
Chemical fertilizer converts into 20~30kg of nitrogen, 15~20kg of phosphorus, 20~25kg of potassium；
Step 3, apply in the ditch of overfertilization and irrigate into step 2；
Step 4, lid mulch film on the ditch after irrigating in step 3；
The detailed process of epiphragma is in step 4：
Step 4.1, the dressing furrow after being irrigated in the step 3 is backfilling into less than at 5~10cm of ground；
Step 4.2, covering with plastic film on the dressing furrow after backfill, covering with ground sheeting formed on dressing furrow in the middle of low, both sides it is high
Depth in matrix, the edge embedded soil of mulch film of dressing furrow both sides is not less than 5cm；
Step 5, it is segmented earth-retaining on the mulch film that step 4 is covered；
Step 6：Hole is pricked on the mulch film for keeping off good soil in steps of 5；
Step 7, in the green manuring in the ranks of each row tree.
2. a kind of raising orchard fertilizer according to claim 1, the method for water use efficiency, it is characterised in that：The step
The detailed process irrigated in rapid 3 is：
Applied into the step 2 filled in the ditch of overfertilization the irrigation volume by biogas slurry, biogas residue, every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch for 25~
50kg。
3. a kind of raising orchard fertilizer according to claim 1, the method for water use efficiency, it is characterised in that：The step
The detailed process irrigated in rapid 3 is：
Poured water in the ditch that overfertilization is applied into the step 2, the irrigation quantity by every plant of fruit tree in corresponding ditch is 90~120kg.
4. a kind of raising orchard fertilizer according to claim 1, the method for water use efficiency, it is characterised in that：The step
Specific earth-retaining process is in rapid 5：
The earth-retaining on the mulch film corresponding with two fruit tree centre positions.
5. a kind of raising orchard fertilizer according to claim 1, the method for water use efficiency, it is characterised in that：The step
The detailed process in bundle hole is in rapid 6：
Hole is pricked on mulch film between the section of earth-retaining two-by-two, the quantity for pricking hole is 1~3, pore size is 3~5cm.
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| CN108781683B (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-10-15 | 昭通绿健果蔬商贸有限公司 | Apple rich water intensive labor-saving cultivation method |
| CN109673439B (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2021-01-29 | 华中农业大学 | Method for regulating and controlling rice yield and growth traits through water and fertilizer coupling |
| CN110521369A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-03 | 云南省林业科学院漾濞核桃研究院 | A kind of liquid manure one water-saving irrigation method for walnut |
| CN111837557A (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-10-30 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Fertilizing method for managing dry land orchard based on ditch fertilizer water storage |
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