CN105248231A - Method of planting apple trees on mountain slope - Google Patents
Method of planting apple trees on mountain slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248231A CN105248231A CN201510794148.1A CN201510794148A CN105248231A CN 105248231 A CN105248231 A CN 105248231A CN 201510794148 A CN201510794148 A CN 201510794148A CN 105248231 A CN105248231 A CN 105248231A
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- Prior art keywords
- apple
- hillside
- tree
- cement frame
- water
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C1/00—Ammonium nitrate fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a method of planting apple trees on a mountain slope. The method comprises the first step of preparation before planting, the second step of planting, wherein apple tree seedlings are sequentially planted in different cement frame sets from bottom to top along the mountain slope according to successively increasing heights, and the third step of fertilization, wherein one month after the apple trees are planted, a plurality of spherical gelatin sponges are placed nearby roots of each apple tree seedling. According to the method, the mountain slope with the gradient between 40 degrees and 50 degrees and the orientation to the south is selected, the apple tree seedlings with different heights are sequentially planted in different cement frame sets from bottom to top along the mountain slope according to successively increasing heights, the apple tree seedlings are distributed in a step shape, it is guaranteed that all the apple tree seedlings can enjoy sunlight within the maximum range, sunlight exposure is more sufficient, the sweetness of apples is improved, and the problem that the quality of apples is lowered because leaves on the lower sides of the apple trees cannot be exposed to sunlight and illumination is uneven when the apple trees are planted on flat land is avoided; moreover, when the apple trees are planted on the mountain slope, the stability of the mountain slope can also be improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple tree implantation methods field, be specifically related to a kind of method of planting apple tree on hillside.
Background technology
Apple is rich in abundant nutrition, is the hat of the large fruit in the world four.Apple Middle nutrition composition solubility is large, is easily absorbed by the body, therefore has the title of " running water ", is conducive to dissolving element sulphur, makes skin lubrication tender.The trace elements such as potassium, magnesium, zinc are also rich in, liking quite by people in apple.Along with the development of society, along with improving constantly of people's living standard, also more and more higher to the requirement of food, but now in order to improve output and the output value of apple, peasant household can apply a large amount of chemical fertilizer, but a large amount of applyings of chemical fertilizer can cause soil compaction, the physical arrangement of soil also can be destroyed, cause its water conservation, fertilizer conservation, poor air permeability, if things go on like this, apple quality is more and more lower; And plantation apple tree is generally plant on level land now, on the downside of apple tree, leaf cannot be irradiated to sunlight, and solar radiation is uneven, thus causes the problem that apple sugariness is not enough, quality reduces.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of planting apple tree on hillside, the present invention selectes the hillside being oriented south that the gradient is 40 ~ 50 °, according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, the stepped distribution of apple sapling, ensure apple sapling can maximum magnitude enjoy sunlight, solar radiation is more abundant, improve the sugariness of apple, to avoid when level land planting apple tree leaf on the downside of apple tree and cannot be irradiated to sunlight, solar radiation is uneven, thus the problem causing apple quality to reduce, and apple tree is planted on hillside, the stability on hillside can also be improved.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Hillside is planted a method for apple tree, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is the hillside being oriented south of 40 ~ 50 °, its soil layer is followed successively by by its surface to depth of soils thickness is not less than the sandy soil layer of 120 ~ 135cm, thickness is 35 ~ 45cm fine sand rock layers and thickness is the lithosphere of 25 ~ 30cm, wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of described fine sand rock layers is 1.6 ~ 1.8mm;
On described hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill on build multiple cement frame group successively, each cement frame group is multiple length of side adjacent one another are is the cement frame of 3.5m, backfilling thickness proportion successively from down to up in each described cement frame is the stalk layer of 1: 1: 2, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, fountain height is that each described cement frame sprays 120 ~ 150g lime water solution, finally covering water content is the gunny of 28 ~ 37%, the water content of the tree slag in wherein said tree slag blanket is 22 ~ 28%, after 20 days, open described gunny,
2) plant
Select the apple sapling reduced highly successively, an apple sapling is planted in each described cement frame, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling bottom in the cement frame group at the foot of the hill, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling is 80cm, and minimum altitude is 40cm;
3) apply fertilizer
A, plantation be after 3 days, take tree root as the center of circle, spraying liquid fertilizer in the radius scope that is 20cm, every apple sapling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.2 ~ 0.3kg;
B, plantation are after 1 month, the spherical gelfoam that 28 ~ 30 diameters are 4cm is evenly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, wherein, described spherical gelfoam is through following pretreatment: place 4 ~ 5 described spherical gelfoams in liquid fertilizer described in every 1L, after leaving standstill 3h, by freezing in-8 DEG C for described spherical gelfoam, until no liquid flowing in described spherical gelfoam, then offer at its Surface coating surface uniform the polyurethane film that multiple diameter is first manhole of 1mm;
C, plant annual October in latter 10 years, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, and within the 1st year, every apple tree executes liquid fertilizer described in 0.83kg, and the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the making step of described liquid fertilizer is as follows:
Step one, get 200 ~ 220 portions of weter hyacinths by weight and 140 ~ 150 portions of water lettuces obtain the first mixture, shred as length is the segment of 0.5cm, spray the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% wherein, its fountain height is 5% of the weight of the first mixture, the water content being squeezed to the first mixture is 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can fermentation 5 ~ 8 days, temperature is 38 ~ 45 DEG C, obtain the first tunning, vacuum filtration, the water content controlling filter residue is 4 ~ 6%, obtain the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day time, nitrogen is passed in described hermetically sealed can, the speed of passing into is 0.56 ~ 0.6L/min, the time of passing into is 35min,
Step 2, get 100 ~ 120 parts of paddy stalks by weight, 128 ~ 130 parts of cow dungs just and 80 ~ 90 parts of earthworm ight soil obtain the second mixture, spray the microbe leaven that weight is 1.8% of the second mixture weight, then offer in the second mixture surface coverage the plastic film that multiple diameter is second manhole of 6mm, covering water content in Plastic film surface is the non-woven fabrics of 38 ~ 45%, be exposed to the sun under being placed in the sun 2h, in the second mixture, add water makes water content be 79 ~ 85%, spray mass fraction be 4.8 ~ 5.0% copperas solution be 6.3 ~ 6.7 to the pH of water in mixture, then indoor standing 4 ~ 5 days are placed in, obtain the second fermentation product, vacuum filtration, obtain the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, dropping into 5 parts of particle diameters wherein when leaving standstill the 3rd day is the active carbon of 1.5 ~ 2.5mm, the coated one deck water permeable membrane of described activated carbon surface,
Step 3, to get 3 ~ 5 parts of molecular weight be by weight the polyvinyl alcohol of 12 ~ 150,000, the mixing of 80 ~ 96 parts of 22 DEG C of running water, swelling 5h at 30 DEG C, 90 DEG C are warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, be stirred to polyvinyl alcohol to dissolve completely, and be incubated 3h, be cooled to 65 DEG C, obtain poly-vinyl alcohol solution, be incubated for subsequent use;
Step 4, by described first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid mixing, mix at 1: 6.8 in mass ratio with supercritical carbon dioxide, drop into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure is 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collection extract;
Step 5, add described extract to described poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and add 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 ~ 6 portions of brown sugar, mixing, stir 2 ~ 3h, leave standstill 30min, obtain described liquid fertilizer.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, in the soil of described sandy soil layer, the content of gravel is 45%.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the degree of depth of described cement frame is 35 ~ 38cm.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described cow dung is just the fresh excreta of the ox of long-term drinking water rice straw.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of described fine sand rock layers is 8 ~ 12mm.
Preferably, the described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the running water in described step 3 is through following pretreatment: be exposed to the sun under running water being placed in the sun 1 ~ 2 day.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
(1) the present invention selectes the hillside being oriented south that the gradient is 40 ~ 50 °, multiple cement frame group is from bottom to top built on hillside successively, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling in cement frame group bottom, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, so just by the stepped distribution successively from top to bottom of the apple sapling of differing heights, can ensure differing heights apple sapling can maximum magnitude enjoy sunlight, solar radiation is more abundant, improve the sugariness of apple, to avoid when level land planting apple tree leaf on the downside of apple tree and cannot be irradiated to sunlight, solar radiation is uneven, thus the problem causing apple quality to reduce, and apple tree is planted on hillside, can also improve the stability on hillside, the hillside gradient is 40 ~ 50 °, both can ensure that apple tree maximum magnitude Time for Sunshine irradiated, can avoid again due to hillside precipitous and cause and make plant time personnel safety problem, the gradient lower than 40 °, too gently, have between adjacent apple tree and block, receive solar radiation degree not good, the gradient is higher than 50 °, too precipitous, can safety problem be there is when personnel plant, nor be beneficial to apple tree and take root growth,
(2) the soil layer top layer in the present invention on hillside is the sandy soil layer that thickness is not less than 120 ~ 135cm, apple compare be adapted at sandy soil existence, if thickness is too small lower than 120cm, be unfavorable for the nutrition that the later stage grows up in the fixing of apple tree and apple tree root absorption soil, thickness is blocked up higher than 135cm, then require higher to hillside, selection range is less, and wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, provides nutriment for the growth of apple tree and apple store sugar; And in each described cement frame, backfill stalk layer, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer successively, spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, sterilizing is carried out to Nutrition Soil, then covering water content is the gunny of 28 ~ 37%, stalk, tree slag, Nutrition Soil are kept the skin wet, prevent moisture evaporation too fast, stalk and tree slag are fully fermented, for the early growth of apple sapling provides nutrition, water content, lower than 28%, is difficult to ensure that needed for fermentation process water, water content is higher than 37%, easily cause excess moisture, bacterium transition is grown.
(3) the present invention is in plantation after 1 month, evenly 28 ~ 30 spherical gelfoams are placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, because spherical gelfoam has adsorbed a large amount of liquid fertilizers, and it is freezing through-8 DEG C, form solid, and at the polyurethane film of the concrete insulation effect of its Surface coating, and polyurethane film offers the through hole that multiple diameter is 1mm, make spherical gelfoam releasing liquid fertilizer gradually, for the growth of apple sapling provides nutrition, aperture is greater than 1mm, liquid fertilizer runs off too fast, easily cause waste, aperture is too small, and industry manufactures inconvenience.
(4) the present invention annual October in 10 years after planting, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year, along with progressively growing up of apple tree, required fertilizer also gets more and more, and increases fertilizing amount so year by year, can meet the nutrition needed for Apple Growth, and applied amount is 1.22 times of the previous year, fertilizer also can not be caused to apply too much and cause burning tree root.
(5) liquid fertilizer that the present invention applies adopt paddy stalk, cow dung just and the organic waste such as earthworm ight soil as raw material; and adopt belong to the weter hyacinth of water body public hazards, water lettuce is raw material; make full use of organic waste; not only effectively improve the nutrient contents such as the silicon of foliage fertilizer, calcium magnesium; improve the water-absorbing-retaining ability of foliage fertilizer; both made rational use of resources, reduced cost, be conducive to ecological protection again.
(6) the present invention is in the process preparing liquid fertilizer, in step one, add rice vinegar, has both ensured that yeasting is acid, has been conducive to the carrying out of fermenting; And containing a large amount of nutriments in rice vinegar, the chlorophyllous propagation of crops can be accelerated, improve the accumulation of utility rate of luminous energy and nutriment, can also promote that the leaf area of crops increases, thickens, photosynthetic area is increased, thus improves the output of crops.
(7) the present invention is in the process preparing liquid fertilizer, spray in step 2 mass fraction be 4.8 ~ 5.0% copperas solution be 6.3 ~ 6.7 to the pH of water in mixture, ferrous sulfate is both for the growth of apple tree provides necessary trace elements iron, iron is conducive to chlorophyllous formation, because chlorophyll formation is subject to obstacle and destruction when plant lacks iron, photosynthesis of plant and carbohydrate formation will inevitably be had influence on, and iron can improve plant resistance against diseases, when copperas solution concentration lower than 4.8% time, iron content can not meet plant strain growth needs, higher than 5% time, easily cause unnecessary waste, and applying copperas solution can make yeasting now be faintly acid, improve the activity of fermentable bacterium, be conducive to effectively carrying out of fermentation, pH is lower than 6.3, and acidity is excessively strong, can cause the reduction of zymophyte activity on the contrary, be unfavorable for the carrying out of fermenting, pH, higher than 6.7, is partial to neutrality, and easily fermentation not exclusively.
(8) the present invention is in the process preparing liquid fertilizer, and the first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid are carried out supercritical carbon dioxide extracting, and in the process preparing liquid fertilizer, extract nutrient component more complete, efficiency is higher, and can not cause secondary pollution; Extracting pressure is 21MPa, now can meet extraction requirement, and extracting pressure is higher than 21MPa, then too high to equipment requirement, high cost, if cannot meet extraction requirement lower than 21MPa, effect of extracting is bad.
(9) in preparation process, poly-vinyl alcohol solution is added in the liquid fertilizer in the present invention, polyvinyl alcohol is uniquely can by the polyvinyl of bacterium as carbon source and using energy source, under the effect of bacterium and enzyme, 46 days degradables 75%, environmental pollution can not be caused, and be degraded gradually along with polyvinyl alcohol, the active ingredient of fertilizer is released slowly, thus can muchly for apple tree provides nutrient.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1
Hillside is planted a method for apple tree, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is the hillside being oriented south of 40 °, its soil layer is followed successively by by its surface to depth of soils thickness is not less than the sandy soil layer of 120cm, thickness is 35cm fine sand rock layers and thickness is the lithosphere of 25cm, wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of described fine sand rock layers is 1.6mm;
On described hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill on build multiple cement frame group successively, each cement frame group is multiple length of side adjacent one another are is the cement frame of 3.5m, backfilling thickness proportion successively from down to up in each described cement frame is the stalk layer of 1: 1: 2, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, fountain height is that each described cement frame sprays 120g lime water solution, finally covering water content is the gunny of 28%, the water content of the tree slag in wherein said tree slag blanket is 22%, after 20 days, open described gunny,
2) plant
Select the apple sapling reduced highly successively, an apple sapling is planted in each described cement frame, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling bottom in the cement frame group at the foot of the hill, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling is 80cm, and minimum altitude is 40cm;
3) apply fertilizer
A, plantation be after 3 days, take tree root as the center of circle, spraying liquid fertilizer in the radius scope that is 20cm, every apple sapling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.2kg;
B, plantation are after 1 month, the spherical gelfoam that 28 diameters are 4cm is evenly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, wherein, described spherical gelfoam is through following pretreatment: place 4 described spherical gelfoams in liquid fertilizer described in every 1L, after leaving standstill 3h, by freezing in-8 DEG C for described spherical gelfoam, until no liquid flowing in described spherical gelfoam, then offer at its Surface coating surface uniform the polyurethane film that multiple diameter is first manhole of 1mm;
C, plant annual October in latter 10 years, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, and within the 1st year, every apple tree executes liquid fertilizer described in 0.83kg, and the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the making step of described liquid fertilizer is as follows:
Step one, get 200 portions of weter hyacinths by weight and 140 portions of water lettuces obtain the first mixture, shred as length is the segment of 0.5cm, spray the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% wherein, its fountain height is 5% of the weight of the first mixture, the water content being squeezed to the first mixture is 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can fermentation 5 days, temperature is 38 DEG C, obtain the first tunning, vacuum filtration, the water content controlling filter residue is 4%, obtain the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day time, nitrogen is passed in described hermetically sealed can, the speed of passing into is 0.56L/min, the time of passing into is 35min,
Step 2, get 100 parts of paddy stalks by weight, 128 parts of cow dungs just and 80 parts of earthworm ight soil obtain the second mixture, spray the microbe leaven that weight is 1.8% of the second mixture weight, then offer in the second mixture surface coverage the plastic film that multiple diameter is second manhole of 6mm, covering water content in Plastic film surface is the non-woven fabrics of 38%, be exposed to the sun under being placed in the sun 2h, in the second mixture, add water makes water content be 79%, spray mass fraction be 4.8% copperas solution be 6.3 to the pH of water in mixture, then indoor standing 4 days are placed in, obtain the second fermentation product, vacuum filtration, obtain the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, dropping into 5 parts of particle diameters wherein when leaving standstill the 3rd day is the active carbon of 1.5mm, the coated one deck water permeable membrane of described activated carbon surface,
Step 3, to get 3 parts of molecular weight be by weight the polyvinyl alcohol of 120,000, the mixing of 80 parts of 22 DEG C of running water, and swelling 5h at 30 DEG C, is warming up to 90 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, be stirred to polyvinyl alcohol to dissolve completely, and be incubated 3h, be cooled to 65 DEG C, obtain poly-vinyl alcohol solution, be incubated for subsequent use;
Step 4, by described first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid mixing, mix at 1: 6.8 in mass ratio with supercritical carbon dioxide, drop into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure is 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collection extract;
Step 5, add described extract to described poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and add 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 portions of brown sugar, mixing, stir 2h, leave standstill 30min, obtain described liquid fertilizer.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, in the soil of described sandy soil layer, the content of gravel is 45%.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the degree of depth of described cement frame is 35cm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described cow dung is just the fresh excreta of the ox of long-term drinking water rice straw.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of described fine sand rock layers is 8mm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the running water in described step 3 is through following pretreatment: be exposed to the sun under running water being placed in the sun 1 day.
Embodiment 2
Hillside is planted a method for apple tree, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is the hillside being oriented south of 45 °, its soil layer is followed successively by by its surface to depth of soils thickness is not less than the sandy soil layer of 125cm, thickness is 40cm fine sand rock layers and thickness is the lithosphere of 28cm, wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of described fine sand rock layers is 1.7mm;
On described hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill on build multiple cement frame group successively, each cement frame group is multiple length of side adjacent one another are is the cement frame of 3.5m, backfilling thickness proportion successively from down to up in each described cement frame is the stalk layer of 1: 1: 2, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, fountain height is that each described cement frame sprays 135g lime water solution, finally covering water content is the gunny of 32%, the water content of the tree slag in wherein said tree slag blanket is 24%, after 20 days, open described gunny,
2) plant
Select the apple sapling reduced highly successively, an apple sapling is planted in each described cement frame, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling bottom in the cement frame group at the foot of the hill, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling is 80cm, and minimum altitude is 40cm;
3) apply fertilizer
A, plantation be after 3 days, take tree root as the center of circle, spraying liquid fertilizer in the radius scope that is 20cm, every apple sapling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.25kg;
B, plantation are after 1 month, the spherical gelfoam that 29 diameters are 4cm is evenly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, wherein, described spherical gelfoam is through following pretreatment: place 4 described spherical gelfoams in liquid fertilizer described in every 1L, after leaving standstill 3h, by freezing in-8 DEG C for described spherical gelfoam, until no liquid flowing in described spherical gelfoam, then offer at its Surface coating surface uniform the polyurethane film that multiple diameter is first manhole of 1mm;
C, plant annual October in latter 10 years, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, and within the 1st year, every apple tree executes liquid fertilizer described in 0.83kg, and the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the making step of described liquid fertilizer is as follows:
Step one, get 210 portions of weter hyacinths by weight and 145 portions of water lettuces obtain the first mixture, shred as length is the segment of 0.5cm, spray the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% wherein, its fountain height is 5% of the weight of the first mixture, the water content being squeezed to the first mixture is 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can fermentation 6 days, temperature is 40 DEG C, obtain the first tunning, vacuum filtration, the water content controlling filter residue is 5%, obtain the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day time, nitrogen is passed in described hermetically sealed can, the speed of passing into is 0.58L/min, the time of passing into is 35min,
Step 2, get 110 parts of paddy stalks by weight, 129 parts of cow dungs just and 85 parts of earthworm ight soil obtain the second mixture, spray the microbe leaven that weight is 1.8% of the second mixture weight, then offer in the second mixture surface coverage the plastic film that multiple diameter is second manhole of 6mm, covering water content in Plastic film surface is the non-woven fabrics of 42%, be exposed to the sun under being placed in the sun 2h, in the second mixture, add water makes water content be 82%, spray mass fraction be 4.9% copperas solution be 6.5 to the pH of water in mixture, then indoor standing 4.5 days are placed in, obtain the second fermentation product, vacuum filtration, obtain the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, dropping into 5 parts of particle diameters wherein when leaving standstill the 3rd day is the active carbon of 2mm, the coated one deck water permeable membrane of described activated carbon surface,
Step 3, to get 4 parts of molecular weight be by weight the polyvinyl alcohol of 130,000, the mixing of 85 parts of 22 DEG C of running water, and swelling 5h at 30 DEG C, is warming up to 90 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, be stirred to polyvinyl alcohol to dissolve completely, and be incubated 3h, be cooled to 65 DEG C, obtain poly-vinyl alcohol solution, be incubated for subsequent use;
Step 4, by described first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid mixing, mix at 1: 6.8 in mass ratio with supercritical carbon dioxide, drop into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure is 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collection extract;
Step 5, add described extract to described poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and add 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5 portions of brown sugar, mixing, stir 2.5h, leave standstill 30min, obtain described liquid fertilizer.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, in the soil of described sandy soil layer, the content of gravel is 45%.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the degree of depth of described cement frame is 36cm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described cow dung is just the fresh excreta of the ox of long-term drinking water rice straw.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of described fine sand rock layers is 10mm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the running water in described step 3 is through following pretreatment: be exposed to the sun under running water being placed in the sun 1.5 days.
Embodiment 3
Hillside is planted a method for apple tree, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is the hillside being oriented south of 50 °, its soil layer is followed successively by by its surface to depth of soils thickness is not less than the sandy soil layer of 135cm, thickness is 45cm fine sand rock layers and thickness is the lithosphere of 30cm, wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of described fine sand rock layers is 1.8mm;
On described hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill on build multiple cement frame group successively, each cement frame group is multiple length of side adjacent one another are is the cement frame of 3.5m, backfilling thickness proportion successively from down to up in each described cement frame is the stalk layer of 1: 1: 2, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, fountain height is that each described cement frame sprays 150g lime water solution, finally covering water content is the gunny of 37%, the water content of the tree slag in wherein said tree slag blanket is 28%, after 20 days, open described gunny,
2) plant
Select the apple sapling reduced highly successively, an apple sapling is planted in each described cement frame, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling bottom in the cement frame group at the foot of the hill, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling is 80cm, and minimum altitude is 40cm;
3) apply fertilizer
A, plantation be after 3 days, take tree root as the center of circle, spraying liquid fertilizer in the radius scope that is 20cm, every apple sapling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.3kg;
B, plantation are after 1 month, the spherical gelfoam that 30 diameters are 4cm is evenly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, wherein, described spherical gelfoam is through following pretreatment: place 5 described spherical gelfoams in liquid fertilizer described in every 1L, after leaving standstill 3h, by freezing in-8 DEG C for described spherical gelfoam, until no liquid flowing in described spherical gelfoam, then offer at its Surface coating surface uniform the polyurethane film that multiple diameter is first manhole of 1mm;
C, plant annual October in latter 10 years, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, and within the 1st year, every apple tree executes liquid fertilizer described in 0.83kg, and the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the making step of described liquid fertilizer is as follows:
Step one, get 220 portions of weter hyacinths by weight and 150 portions of water lettuces obtain the first mixture, shred as length is the segment of 0.5cm, spray the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% wherein, its fountain height is 5% of the weight of the first mixture, the water content being squeezed to the first mixture is 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can fermentation 8 days, temperature is 45 DEG C, obtain the first tunning, vacuum filtration, the water content controlling filter residue is 6%, obtain the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day time, nitrogen is passed in described hermetically sealed can, the speed of passing into is 0.6L/min, the time of passing into is 35min,
Step 2, get 120 parts of paddy stalks by weight, 130 parts of cow dungs just and 90 parts of earthworm ight soil obtain the second mixture, spray the microbe leaven that weight is 1.8% of the second mixture weight, then offer in the second mixture surface coverage the plastic film that multiple diameter is second manhole of 6mm, covering water content in Plastic film surface is the non-woven fabrics of 45%, be exposed to the sun under being placed in the sun 2h, in the second mixture, add water makes water content be 85%, spray mass fraction be 5.0% copperas solution be 6.7 to the pH of water in mixture, then indoor standing 5 days are placed in, obtain the second fermentation product, vacuum filtration, obtain the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, dropping into 5 parts of particle diameters wherein when leaving standstill the 3rd day is the active carbon of 2.5mm, the coated one deck water permeable membrane of described activated carbon surface,
Step 3, to get 5 parts of molecular weight be by weight the polyvinyl alcohol of 150,000, the mixing of 96 parts of 22 DEG C of running water, and swelling 5h at 30 DEG C, is warming up to 90 DEG C with the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, be stirred to polyvinyl alcohol to dissolve completely, and be incubated 3h, be cooled to 65 DEG C, obtain poly-vinyl alcohol solution, be incubated for subsequent use;
Step 4, by described first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid mixing, mix at 1: 6.8 in mass ratio with supercritical carbon dioxide, drop into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure is 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collection extract;
Step 5, add described extract to described poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and add 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 6 portions of brown sugar, mixing, stir 3h, leave standstill 30min, obtain described liquid fertilizer.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, in the soil of described sandy soil layer, the content of gravel is 45%.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the degree of depth of described cement frame is 38cm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, described cow dung is just the fresh excreta of the ox of long-term drinking water rice straw.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the particle diameter of the grail of described fine sand rock layers is 12mm.
The described method of planting apple tree on hillside, the running water in described step 3 is through following pretreatment: be exposed to the sun under running water being placed in the sun 2 days.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, but it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment, therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (8)
1. on hillside, plant a method for apple tree, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) prepare before plantation
The selection gradient is the hillside being oriented south of 40 ~ 50 °, its soil layer is followed successively by by its surface to depth of soils thickness is not less than the sandy soil layer of 120 ~ 135cm, thickness is 35 ~ 45cm fine sand rock layers and thickness is the lithosphere of 25 ~ 30cm, wherein, the content of organic matter in the soil of described sandy soil layer is not less than 0.8%, and the particle diameter of the sandstone of described fine sand rock layers is 1.6 ~ 1.8mm;
On described hillside along its surface by the foot of the hill on build multiple cement frame group successively, each cement frame group is multiple length of side adjacent one another are is the cement frame of 3.5m, backfilling thickness proportion successively from down to up in each described cement frame is the stalk layer of 1: 1: 2, tree slag blanket and nutrition soil layer, then spraying mass fraction is the lime aqueous solution of 6%, fountain height is that each described cement frame sprays 120 ~ 150g lime water solution, finally covering water content is the gunny of 28 ~ 37%, the water content of the tree slag in wherein said tree slag blanket is 22 ~ 28%, after 20 days, open described gunny,
2) plant
Select the apple sapling reduced highly successively, an apple sapling is planted in each described cement frame, by the plantation of the shortest apple sapling bottom in the cement frame group at the foot of the hill, then according to the order increased highly successively, the apple sapling of differing heights is planted in different cement frame group along hillside from lower to upper successively, wherein, the maximum height of apple sapling is 80cm, and minimum altitude is 40cm;
3) apply fertilizer
A, plantation be after 3 days, take tree root as the center of circle, spraying liquid fertilizer in the radius scope that is 20cm, every apple sapling sprays liquid fertilizer described in 0.2 ~ 0.3kg;
B, plantation are after 1 month, the spherical gelfoam that 28 ~ 30 diameters are 4cm is evenly placed near the tree root of every apple sapling, wherein, described spherical gelfoam is through following pretreatment: place 4 ~ 5 described spherical gelfoams in liquid fertilizer described in every 1L, after leaving standstill 3h, by freezing in-8 DEG C for described spherical gelfoam, until no liquid flowing in described spherical gelfoam, then offer at its Surface coating surface uniform the polyurethane film that multiple diameter is first manhole of 1mm;
C, plant annual October in latter 10 years, tree root imposes described liquid fertilizer, and within the 1st year, every apple tree executes liquid fertilizer described in 0.83kg, and the amount of the described liquid fertilizer of follow-up annual applying is 1.22 times of the previous year.
2. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the making step of described liquid fertilizer is as follows:
Step one, get 200 ~ 220 portions of weter hyacinths by weight and 140 ~ 150 portions of water lettuces obtain the first mixture, shred as length is the segment of 0.5cm, spray the rice vinegar solution that mass fraction is 7% wherein, its fountain height is 5% of the weight of the first mixture, the water content being squeezed to the first mixture is 32%, be placed in hermetically sealed can fermentation 5 ~ 8 days, temperature is 38 ~ 45 DEG C, obtain the first tunning, vacuum filtration, the water content controlling filter residue is 4 ~ 6%, obtain the first fermentation residue and the first zymotic fluid, wherein, ferment the 2nd day time, nitrogen is passed in described hermetically sealed can, the speed of passing into is 0.56 ~ 0.6L/min, the time of passing into is 35min,
Step 2, get 100 ~ 120 parts of paddy stalks by weight, 128 ~ 130 parts of cow dungs just and 80 ~ 90 parts of earthworm ight soil obtain the second mixture, spray the microbe leaven that weight is 1.8% of the second mixture weight, then offer in the second mixture surface coverage the plastic film that multiple diameter is second manhole of 6mm, covering water content in Plastic film surface is the non-woven fabrics of 38 ~ 45%, be exposed to the sun under being placed in the sun 2h, in the second mixture, add water makes water content be 79 ~ 85%, spray mass fraction be 4.8 ~ 5.0% copperas solution be 6.3 ~ 6.7 to the pH of water in mixture, then indoor standing 4 ~ 5 days are placed in, obtain the second fermentation product, vacuum filtration, obtain the second fermentation residue and the second zymotic fluid, wherein, dropping into 5 parts of particle diameters wherein when leaving standstill the 3rd day is the active carbon of 1.5 ~ 2.5mm, the coated one deck water permeable membrane of described activated carbon surface,
Step 3, to get 3 ~ 5 parts of molecular weight be by weight the polyvinyl alcohol of 12 ~ 150,000, the mixing of 80 ~ 96 parts of 22 DEG C of running water, swelling 5h at 30 DEG C, 90 DEG C are warming up to the programming rate of 5 DEG C/min, be stirred to polyvinyl alcohol to dissolve completely, and be incubated 3h, be cooled to 65 DEG C, obtain poly-vinyl alcohol solution, be incubated for subsequent use;
Step 4, by described first zymotic fluid, the second zymotic fluid mixing, mix at 1: 6.8 in mass ratio with supercritical carbon dioxide, drop into supercritical extract tank, extracting pressure is 21MPa, and extraction temperature is 39 DEG C, collection extract;
Step 5, add described extract to described poly-vinyl alcohol solution, and add 3 parts of ammonium nitrate, 4 ~ 6 portions of brown sugar, mixing, stir 2 ~ 3h, leave standstill 30min, obtain described liquid fertilizer.
3. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the soil of described sandy soil layer, the content of gravel is 45%.
4. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the degree of depth of described cement frame is 35 ~ 38cm.
5. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described brown sugar is brown granulated sugar.
6. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described cow dung is just the fresh excreta of the ox of long-term drinking water rice straw.
7. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of the grail of described fine sand rock layers is 8 ~ 12mm.
8. on hillside, plant the method for apple tree as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the running water in described step 3 is through following pretreatment: be exposed to the sun under running water being placed in the sun 1 ~ 2 day.
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| CN107616058A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-01-23 | 四川创梦缘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of the high-quality shaddock in mountain region |
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