CN102511291B - Method for planting Populus euphratica in heavy saline-alkaline land of Gobi desert - Google Patents
Method for planting Populus euphratica in heavy saline-alkaline land of Gobi desert Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting Populus euphratica in a heavy saline-alkaline land of a Gobi desert. The method comprises the steps of: applying 5kg of organic fertilizers in a tree pit during Populus euphratica planting, then putting the roots of the Populus euphratica in water-retaining root-promoting halophilic-basophilic microorganism root dipping solution, planting a Populus euphratica seedling and applying 1000ml of water-retaining root-promoting halophilic-basophilic microorganism root dipping solution around the roots, wherein the water-retaining root-promoting halophilic-basophilic microorganism root dipping solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: one part of halophilic-basophilic microorganism solid bacterial manure for a desert saline-alkaline habitat, one part of sterilization soil, two parts of water, 0.1 part of water retaining agent and 0.002 to 0.005 part of growth hormone. The new method for planting the Populus euphratica in the heavy saline-alkaline land of the Gobi desert has the advantages that the soil salinity and alkalinity can be effectively reduced in a long term, the survival rate of the planted Populus euphratica reaches 100 percent, the growth condition is continuously good and the problem that the survival rate of trees planted in the heavy saline-alkaline land of the arid desert is fundamentally solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of desert Gobi desert heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar kind method for planting.
Background technology
Along with artificial economic society moving obstacle and natural calamity aggravation, NORTHWEST CHINA desert Gobi desert district ecotope constantly worsens in recent years, and weather arid, soil depletion and geavy salt alkali make the long-pending significantly minimizing of vegetated surface.For further stoping the deterioration of the ecological environment, China has carried out large-scale afforestation engineering in northwest drought desert geavy salt alkali district, but the afforestation engineering in since the anti-extreme environment ability of selected seeds a little less than, or method for planting is improper, often make the trees surviving rate of planting low, not only nonsensical to improving the ecological environment, also cause the waste of human and material resources.For improving this situation, will screen energetically good, cold-resistant, anti-morning, salt tolerant, breeding easily, rapid, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, the well developed root system of growth, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, the life-span is long and be not afraid of the fine tree species that wind erosion and sand are beaten, and take scientific and reasonable afforestation technology measure, guarantee the trees surviving rate of planting higher, and late growing stage is in order.
Diversiform-leaved poplar (Populus euphratica) claim cotton tree again, belong to Salicaceae, be seeds original, the most ancient in the Populus, have heat resistanceheat resistant, cold-resistant, anti-blown sand, anti-saline and alkaline, drought resisting and anti-barren characteristic, be the unique arbor species of desert area of extreme drought, have " give birth to and thousand not dead, dead and do not fall in thousand, fall and thousand immortal " good reputation.Because this tree kind of rules such as forest planting planting technology in desert Gobi desert heavy saline are not had science accurate cognition and assurance, made diversiform-leaved poplar afforestation operational difficulties heavy, this situation is perplexing scientific circles and forest workers for a long time, also is global problem in the past.The present invention has a liking for through using the arid desert that saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent, desert saline habitat are had a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure, the short root of water conservation is had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dipped in products such as root liquid, explore and a large amount of tests in conjunction with long-term, summed up the scientific and reasonable diversiform-leaved poplar kind novel method for planting of a cover
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above problem, a kind of desert Gobi desert heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar kind method for planting is provided.
Desert provided by the present invention Gobi desert heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar kind novel method for planting, comprise when planting diversiform-leaved poplar and in tree well, apply the 5kg fertilizer, then the root of diversiform-leaved poplar nursery stock being put into the short root of water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in root liquid, and then the diversiform-leaved poplar nursery stock of planting, then around tree root, water and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml;
The short root of described water conservation is had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and is dipped in root liquid, comprises the sterilization soil of having a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure, 1 weight portion in the desert saline habitat of 1 weight portion, the water of 2 weight portions, the water-loss reducer of 0.1 weight portion, the somatotropin of 0.002-0.005 weight portion.
Described desert saline habitat have a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure, comprise fermentation materials 100 weight portions, Cosan 1-3 weight portion, zinc sulphate 0.5-1.5 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.5 weight portion, its water content≤20%;
Described fermentation materials is prepared as follows: 2-5% has a liking for the arid desert saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent, 10%-15% water, 85-80% organic materials, mixes to stack fermentation; In the time of fermentation temperature 50-65 ℃, kept 7-14 days; Fermentation stacking yard temperature drops to 45-55 ℃, keeps 10-20 days;
Described organic materials is by one or more mixture (1: 1: 1) 500kg of leaf, sawdust and stalk, one or more mixture (1: 1: 1) 50kg of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, and fish meal 5kg, brown sugar 3kg, corn starch 3kg forms;
Saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent is had a liking in described arid desert, is made up of 17 kinds of microbial strains; Described 17 kinds of microbial strains (individual/milliliter) are respectively: 1.1 * 10
8-1.7 * 10
8Pseudomonas alcaligenes (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) CGMCC 1.1827,7.2 * 10
7-8.5 * 10
7Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) CGMCC 1.2004,2.1 * 10
8-2.7 * 10
8Bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) CGMCC 1.459,4.7 * 10
7-6.2 * 10
7Bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC 1.1625,7.4 * 10
7-8.7 * 10
7Bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) CGMCC1.91,3.3 * 10
8-4.2 * 10
8Have a liking for salt salt monad (Halomonas halophila) CGMCC 1.2316,8.1 * 10
7-1.5 * 10
8Azotobacter vinelandii (Azotobacter vinelandii) CGMCC 1.1007,1.2 * 10
8-1.9 * 10
8Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC 1.1414,5.3 * 10
6-6.1 * 10
6Rice Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium oryzae) CGMCC 1.1585,7.4 * 10
6-8.6 * 10
6Candida parapsilosis (Candida parapsilosis) CGMCC 2.1768,4.7 * 10
7-6.4 * 10
7Crooked thermomonospora fusca (Thermomonospora curvata) ACCC 41067,8.2 * 10
7-1.4 * 10
8Trichoderma (Trichoderma sp.) ACCC 31526,3.5 * 10
7-6.8 * 10
7Soil bacillus (Bacillus edaphicus) ACCC 03232,3.4 * 10
8-6.1 * 10
8Blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) ACCC 01077,2.2 * 10
8-3.9 * 10
8Thiobacillus thioparus (Thiobacillus thioparus) ACCC 10288,9.7 * 10
7-2.5 * 10
8Gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) ACCC 10095 and 7.8 * 10
7-9.3 * 10
7Pseudomonas fluorescence (Pseudomonas fluorescens) ACCC 10040.
Wherein, described fertilizer is that cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure make according to 1: 1: 1 mixing compost fermentation.
Wherein, the amount of described chemical improvement agent is every strain 0.5-1L.
Wherein, described soil can be original soil, also can be soil moved in to improve the original.
Wherein, water and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for and water after saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid, apply chemical improvement agent simultaneously; Described chemical improvement agent comprises calcium sulphate 1-10%, ferrous sulfate 1-10%, citric acid 1-10%, poly olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 0-30%, and its surplus is water.
The improvement of the comprehensive saline land of heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar kind novel method for planting, desert of the present invention Gobi desert microbial biomass, chemical modifying technology can permanently effective reduction soil alkalines, make the diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate of planting reach 100%, and upgrowth situation to continue performance good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 1 condition between different year.
Fig. 2 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 2 conditions between different year.
Fig. 3 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 3 conditions between different year.
Fig. 4 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 4 conditions between different year.
Fig. 5 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 5 conditions between different year.
Fig. 6 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 6 conditions between different year.
Fig. 7 is the variation of handling diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate under 7 conditions between different year.
Embodiment
One, the preparation of saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent is had a liking in the arid desert
Pseudomonas alcaligenes (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) CGMCC 1.1827, acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) CGMCC 1.2004, bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) CGMCC 1.459, bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC 1.1625, bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) CGMCC 1.91, have a liking for salt salt monad (Halomonas halophila) CGMCC 1.2316, azotobacter vinelandii (Azotobacter vinelandii) CGMCC1.1007, bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC 1.1414, rice Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium oryzae) CGMCC 1.1585, Candida parapsilosis (Candida parapsilosis) CGMCC 2.1768, crooked thermomonospora fusca (Thermomonospora curvata) ACCC 41067, Trichoderma (Trichoderma sp.) ACCC 31526, soil bacillus (Bacillus edaphicus) ACCC 03232, blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) ACCC 01077, thiobacillus thioparus (Thiobacillus thioparus) ACCC 10288, gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) ACCC 10095 and Pseudomonas fluorescence (Pseudomonas fluorescens) ACCC 10040 are inoculated in respectively under aseptic condition on separately the medium, inoculum concentration is 2%-5%, last shaking table shaken cultivation, through amplitude 100-120r/min, temperature 28-32 ℃, after 18-24h cultivates, utilize thrombocytometer to count at microscopically, quantity reaches 107/milliliter and gets final product.
Above-mentioned medium is:
(1) Pseudomonas alcaligenes, bacillus megaterium, bacillus pumilus, bacillus licheniformis, crooked thermomonospora fusca, soil bacillus, thiobacillus thioparus, Pseudomonas fluorescence adopt peptone 10g, beef extract 3g, NaCl5g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.0;
(2) basal medium of acinetobacter calcoaceticus comprises yeast extract 5g, peptone 10g, and NaCl 10g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.0;
(3) azotobacter vinelandii, blown-ball Azotobacter adopt KH
2PO
40.2g, K
2HPO
40.8g, MgSO
47H
2O 0.2g, CaSO
42H
2O 0.1g, FeCl
30.005g, Na
2MoO
42H
2O 0.02g, yeast extract 0.5g, mannitol 20g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.2;
(4) bacillus subtilis is adopted beef extract 5g, peptone 10g, and yeast extract 5g, glucose 5g, NaCl5g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.0;
(5) the rice Flavobacterium adopts sucrose 15g, K
2HPO
40.8g, KH
2PO
40.2g, MgSO
47H
2O0.2g, NaCl 0.2g, CaCl
20.05g, MnSO
40.0005g, FeSO
40.025g, sodium tungstate 0.0005g, sodium molybdate 0.0005g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L;
(6) Candida parapsilosis adopts brewer's wort 1L, agar 15g;
(7) Trichoderma is adopted potato extract 1L, glucose 20g, agar 15g;
(8) basal medium of gel-shaped bacillus comprises sucrose 5g, bean cake powder 0.5g, Na
2HPO
42g, MgSO
47H
2O 0.1g, FeCl
30.005g, K
2HPO
40.05g, CaCO
30.1g, agar 15g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.5;
(9) basal medium of having a liking for salt salt monad comprises NaCl 80g, yeast extract 1g, peptone 5g, beef extract 1g, FePO
40.01g, agar 16g, distilled water 1L, pH 7.4-7.6.
Respectively these 17 kinds of bacterium liquid are mixed by equal proportion, and place same fermentation tank, through 28-32 ℃, the air agitation fermented and cultured of 18-24h, formed the arid desert and had a liking for saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent.
The preparation of fermentation medium: (NH
4)
2SO
41g, H
3PO
40.5ml add 1L quality percentage composition and be in 2% the starch water, the limewash with 1% is regulated pH to 7.5, packs in the 500ml conical flask with 1/4 of bottle capacity, sealing is cooled off standby afterwards at 121 ℃ of autoclaving 15min;
Or (NH
4)
2SO
42g, H
3PO
4It is that the limewash with 1% is regulated pH to 9.0 in 2% the starch water that 1ml adds 1L quality percentage composition, packs in the 500ml conical flask with 1/4 of bottle capacity, and sealing is cooled off standby afterwards at 121 ℃ of autoclaving 15min.
Two, saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent steady quality property testing is had a liking in the arid desert
Get the microbial bacterial agent of different production batch, each bacterial classification wherein carried out culture identification, the results are shown in Table 1, show that every kind of bacterial classification all has survival in the microbial bacterial agent, do not have the antagonistic effect between different strain, and batch between each bacterial classification quantity basicly stable.
Three, the preparation of having a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure in desert saline habitat
1. take off the row raw material by ratio of weight and the number of copies: 100 parts of fermentation materials, Cosan 1-3 part, zinc sulphate 0.5-1.5 part, magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.5 part, after it is mixed, be dried to water content≤20% through 20-25 ℃ again, namely obtain the saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure of having a liking for of desert saline of the present invention habitat.
2. the preparation of fermentation materials: have a liking for saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent according to 2% arid desert, 10% water, the ratio of 85% organic materials; Or have a liking for saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent according to 5% arid desert, and 15% water, the ratio of 80% organic materials mixes it stacks fermentation.Between yeast phase, when fermentation temperature is elevated to 50-65 ℃, kept this temperature 7-14 days, the cooling of turning immediately when fermentation temperature is higher than 65 ℃ (skin is translated into the centre, the outside is translated in the centre).Along with the passing of fermentation time, mixture temperature can descend to some extent, treats that temperature is down to 45-55 ℃, keeps this temperature fermentation to get final product in 10-20 days.
Organic materials preparation: one or more mixture (1: 1: 1) 500kg of leaf, sawdust and stalk, one or more mixture (1: 1: 1) 50kg of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, fish meal 5kg, brown sugar 3kg, corn starch 3kg mixes by high-temperature sterilization.
Four, the short root of water conservation is had a liking for the preparation that saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid
Ratio according to 0.002 part in 1 part in 1 part in the saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure of having a liking for of desert saline habitat, sterilization soil (get planting-site original soil be put in carried out 160 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations in the baking oven 4 hours), 2 parts in water, water-loss reducer 0.1 part (the special-purpose water-loss reducer of the water forestry that Dongying Huaye New Materials Co., Ltd produces), indolebutyric acid sodium or 0.005 part, above-mentioned substance is uniformly mixed into pulpous state, and the short root of formation water conservation is had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and is dipped in root liquid.
Five, the plantation of desert Gobi desert heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar
It is Jinta County, Jiuquan, Gansu Province that this project is planted regional.The Jinta County is located between east 90 ° of 58`-100 ° of 20`, 39 ° of 47`-49 ° of 59` of north latitude, and height above sea level 1100-1400 rice belongs to the typical temperate continental climate of China.Total climatic characteristic is: the illumination abundance, and number was 3193.2 hours when average sunshine was total, average solar radiation total amount is 155 kilocalories of/square metre years, belongs to high value district, the whole nation.Summer is extremely hot, winter severe cold, and day and night temperature is big, and 8 degrees centigrade of average temperatures of the whole year, 〉=10 ℃ effective accumulated temperature are 3250 ℃, and 〉=15 ℃ effective accumulated temperature is 2600 ℃.The rainfall rareness, evaporation discharge is big, and weather is comparatively dry, and frost-free season 140-150 days, annual precipitation 54-77mm, annual natural evaporation amount is 2560mm.
The field planting of digging pit in the winter of transplanted seedling tree the previous year, the tree well specification is 1m * 1m * 1m, is conducive to soil weathering like this, retains and conserve soil moisture, and increases soil fertility.Adopt the above seeding row spacing of 4m * 6m or 6m * 6m, every mu of plantation 12-22 strain.
Be planted in April 15 soil and thaw and carry out before sprouting to bud in the back, after bud was sprouted, survival rate will reduce.
Before the lifting nursery stock is carried out broad irrigation, to guarantee moisture abundance in the seedling transportation way.
Select the nursery stock standard to be robust growth, abundant lignification, no damage by disease and insect, to have no mechanical damage, require root system intact simultaneously, long 2-3cm horizontal branch is not split, guaranteed to neat, dried the splitting of main root horizontal branch fracture, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is at 1-2cm, more than the height of seedling 0.4m.
Behind the lifting nursery stock is pruned, and done the work of good luck seedling.
The root system of damaged or grow abnormal inclined to one side root when above-mentioned pruning refers to cut lifting, simultaneously to nursery stock as yet not lignified branch cut and cut, stay the side shoot 3-5 of length 20cm individual, to reduce the transpiration of nursery stock acrial part, prevent from transporting nursery stock dehydration death in the seedling process.
Above-mentioned fortune seedling process will guarantee in the transportation in the car overlay film bubble root of pouring water, and transports to the planting-site root system and will soak more than the 24h.
The design of employing randomized block experiment.5 processing are established in test, and 100 repetitions are established in each processing.
Handle 1 (CK): the backfill original soil is left intact;
Handle 2: whole passenger's soil are left intact;
Handle 3: the backfill original soil; Apply fertilizer (5kg), the root of nursery stock is put into the short root of water conservation have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, dipping in the short root of sufficient water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in root liquid, putting into the center of hole again sets upright, shoot root is launched, bury shoot root with moistening topsoil afterwards, after root is buried by soil fully, nursery stock is upwards slightly carried, tread, the cave of continuing to banket is full, treads again; Water around the tree root and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml;
Handle 4: change 1/2 soil moved in to improve the original; Apply fertilizer (5kg), the root of nursery stock is put into the short root of water conservation have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, dipping in the short root of sufficient water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in root liquid, putting into the center of hole again sets upright, shoot root is launched, bury shoot root with moistening topsoil afterwards, after root is buried by soil fully, nursery stock is upwards slightly carried, tread, the cave of continuing to banket is full, treads again; Water around the tree root and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml; In time water after planting, guarantee that 3 times water is irritated foot, irritated saturating, (described chemical improvement agent comprises calcium sulphate 1-10%, ferrous sulfate 1-10%, citric acid 1-10%, poly olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 0-30% simultaneously to apply the 0.5L chemical improvement agent with water, its surplus is water), drip the 0.5L chemical improvement agent after 7 days again 1 time, the strain water yield is all controlled between 90-120L;
Handle 5: whole passenger's soil, apply fertilizer (5kg), the root of nursery stock is put into the short root of water conservation have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, dip in the short root of sufficient water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, put into the center of hole again and set upright, shoot root is launched, bury shoot root with moistening topsoil afterwards, after root is buried by soil fully, nursery stock is upwards slightly carried, tread, continue to banket the cave completely, tread again; Water around the tree root and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml; In time water after planting, guarantee that 3 times water is irritated foot, irritated saturating, (described chemical improvement agent comprises calcium sulphate 1-10%, ferrous sulfate 1-10%, citric acid 1-10%, poly olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 0-30% simultaneously to apply the 1L chemical improvement agent with water, its surplus is water), drip the 1L chemical improvement agent after 7 days again 1 time, the strain water yield is all controlled between 90-120L;
Handle 6: whole passenger's soil, apply fertilizer (5kg), apply fertilizer (5kg), the root of nursery stock is put into the short root of water conservation have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, dip in the short root of sufficient water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, put into the center of hole again and set upright, shoot root is launched, bury shoot root with moistening topsoil afterwards, after root is buried by soil fully, nursery stock is upwards slightly carried, tread, continue to banket the cave completely, tread again; Water around the tree root and execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml;
Handle 7: whole passenger's soil, in time water after planting, guarantee that 3 times water is irritated foot, irritated saturating, (described chemical improvement agent comprises calcium sulphate 1-10%, ferrous sulfate 1-10%, citric acid 1-10%, poly olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 0-30% simultaneously to apply the 1L chemical improvement agent with dripping, its surplus is water), drip the 1L chemical improvement agent after 7 days again 1 time,, the strain water yield is all controlled between 90-120L.
Above-mentioned fertilizer is: cow dung, pig manure, 1: 1: 1 mixing compost fermentation of chicken manure make.
Planting enters after June then, and nursery stock Xin Genjiben forms, and splashes into 45% nitrate-based compound fertilizer material (the fertile industry of prestige Co., Ltd is worn in Shandong) with water, throws fertilely by the fertile standard of usefulness of each tree well 35g/ time, splashes into the growth of promotion sapling with water.After mid-July, stop with water droplet fertilizer.Drip at interval and to change 10 days gradually into and drip 1 time by dripping 1 water in original 7 days.Cut off the water by the end of August.Drip at the beginning of 10 months 1 time permeable.Late October is dripped the water of surviving the winter, and the water of surviving the winter will drip foot and drip thoroughly, drips more than 72 hours.
Carried out dripping and fertilising work of Various Seasonal after planting 1 year.
The work of dripping of above-mentioned Various Seasonal comprises before and after March 20 that it is warm that weather changes, and begins to drip the 1st water, drips 1 time in later per 10 days, and the amount of dripping is 10m at every turn
3/ mu.Early August was controlled water or drips little water to mid-September, and the amount of dripping is no more than 8m
3/ mu is in case seedling growth is too fast.Too fast meeting makes the branch can not lignification before surviving the winter because grow, sapling winter can endure cold drain withered.Dripped at the beginning of 10 months 72 hours.Early November is dripped the water of surviving the winter, the other 0.12m that spreads manuer in holes of each tree before dripping
345% nitrate-based compound fertilizer material (the fertile industry of prestige Co., Ltd is worn in Shandong).The water of surviving the winter will drip foot and drip thoroughly, guarantees to drip more than 72 hours.The season of growth as rain, no matter whether dripped water, must in time drip behind the rain 1 time permeable, in case the forest land accumulation of salt in the surface soil causes the diversiform-leaved poplar tree dead.Drip irrigation lines can not must be placed on the collar adjacency away from collar, makes to drip to infiltration all around centered by collar.Otherwise the alkaline matter in the peripheral soil of collar can be shifted to collar, causes sapling death.
Plant and carried out antifreeze in 1 year and preventing disease and pest work.
The antifreeze work of above-mentioned sapling comprises before diversiform-leaved poplar that the age of tree is no more than 3 years is set the winter wraps up or brushing paraffin water-loss reducer comprehensively.
Above-mentioned insect-pest work can be taked based on the forest culture and management technical measures, and biological control is main, and chemical control is the comprehensive preventive health measures of assisting.Strengthen quarantine at ordinary times and observe and predict work, the large tracts of land of stopping damage by disease and insect takes place.
Different disposal is to the influence of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate
Fig. 1 has reflected processing 1, and namely the backfill original soil is not done following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of other treatment conditions.Diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate integral body is lower under 1 condition of processing as shown in Figure 1, and (2006) survival rate of planting the first year has dropped to 2% minimum when having only 42%, the five year (2010), and the survival rate of the 6th year (2011) maintenance 2% is constant.Handle 1 diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate in addition and go forward one by one with the time and be obvious downward trend, except 2010 with 2011 year differences significantly, other time differences are all remarkable.It can also be seen that the variation of different year survival rate fall off rate under 1 condition of processing from figure, the fall off rate to survival rate in 2011 was respectively 26.2%, 45.16% in 2007, and 35.29%, 81.82%, 0%.By above result as can be known, the diversiform-leaved poplar of under local natural soils weather conditions, planting, because the weather arid, the soil alkaline too high levels make the survival rate in diversiform-leaved poplar plantation first year very low, and survival rate constantly descends afterwards, diversiform-leaved poplar is almost all dead after planting 5 years.This explanation is cultivated the diversiform-leaved poplar woods by traditional method under local geavy salt alkaline earth earth condition be infeasible.
Fig. 2 has reflected processing 2, and namely all passenger's soil are not done following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of other treatment conditions.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate obviously improves with the time than processing 1 under 2 conditions of processing as shown in Figure 2, drop to 65% minimum when survival rate was 76%, 2010 year in 2006, the survival rate of maintenance 65% in 2011 is constant, except 2010 with 2011 year differences significantly, other time differences are all remarkable.Handle under 2 conditions downward trend of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate in addition and also handle 1 obviously slowly, the fall off rate to survival rate in 2011 was respectively 5.26%, 4.17% in 2007,2.90%, 2.99%, 0%, along with the increase of handling the time, the decrease speed of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate is also constantly slowed down.Above presentation of results is changed soil moved in to improve the original has significantly improved soil the first year in plantation saline and alkaline situation, diversiform-leaved poplar is owing to reduced by the geavy salt alkaline stress, and survival rate is higher, but afterwards because arid, soil is barrenr and accumulation of salt in the surface soil effect, descending appears in the survival rate of diversiform-leaved poplar, and observation maintains 65% level when finishing.
Fig. 3 reflected and handled 3, i.e. backfill original soil is executed the short root of water conservation and had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, fertilizer, following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of chemical improvement agent treatment conditions.As shown in Figure 3 compared to handling 2, handle that diversiform-leaved poplar is significantly improved again with the time survival rate under 3 conditions.2006 survival rates drop to 78% minimum when being 84%, 2008 year, remain unchanged afterwards.2008, difference is not remarkable each other for survival rate in 2009,2010,2011, and other time differences are all remarkable.From figure, it can also be seen that the variation of different year survival rate fall off rate under 3 conditions of processing, fall off rate to survival rate in 2011 was respectively 3.57% in 2007,3.70%, 0%, 0%, 0%, the first two years after namely planting, the decrease speed of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate is consistent substantially, and survival rate no longer descends afterwards.Handle 2 based on the above results as can be known and change soil moved in to improve the original, using the short root of water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in root liquid, fertilizer, chemical improvement agent and more can significantly reduce soil salinity and alkalinity, improve the soil fertility situation, alleviate soil alkaline and moisture to the effect of coercing of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate, make the whole survival rate of diversiform-leaved poplar reach higher level.Significantly reduce soil alkaline at plantation chemical improvement agent in the first year, make diversiform-leaved poplar that higher survival rate be arranged.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate slightly descended in 1 year, may be because the short root of water conservation is had a liking for the effect performance fully as yet that saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid and fertilizer, and that chemical improvement agent does not have is long-lasting, made the diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate reduce.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate all maintains higher level afterwards, illustrates that the short root of water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid and the improving effect of soil is prolonged gradually in time show, and also is permanently effective to the improving effect of soil.
Fig. 4 has reflected that handling 3 is 1/2 soil moved in to improve the original, executes nutrient solution, fertilizer, following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of chemical improvement agent treatment conditions.Compared to handling 3, handle that diversiform-leaved poplar has obvious rising again with the time survival rate under 4 conditions, 2006 survival rates were to descend that the survival rate of diversiform-leaved poplar all keeps 87% higher level after 2.25%, 2007 year in 89%, 2007 year than 2006, difference is not remarkable each other.Handle 4 based on the above results as can be known and changed 1/2 soil moved in to improve the original, simultaneously have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, fertilizer, chemical improvement agent technology in conjunction with using the short root of water conservation, both for surviving, taking root of diversiform-leaved poplar provide fine environment the first year in plantation, make diversiform-leaved poplar that higher survival rate be arranged, in the time subsequently, have a liking for the slow release that saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid and fertilizer effect by the short root of water conservation again, guaranteed that the survival rate in later stage maintains 87% higher level.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate slightly descended in 1 year, may also be because nutrient solution and fertilizer effect are not brought into play fully, added that the chemical modifying effect lost efficacy, and made the diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate reduce.
Fig. 5 has reflected processing 5, and namely whole soil moved in to improve the originals are executed nutrient solution, fertilizer, following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of chemical improvement agent treatment conditions.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate is higher than survival rate during the whole observation in 2011 in 2007 under 5 conditions of processing as shown in Figure 5, has all reached 100%, and difference is not remarkable each other.Handling 5 based on the above results as can be known combines and handles 2,3 advantage, by whole soil moved in to improve the originals, using the short root of water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in the survival rate that root liquid, fertilizer and chemical improvement agent technology had both guaranteed plantation diversiform-leaved poplar in the first year, in the time subsequently, have a liking for the slow release that saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid and fertilizer effect by the short root of water conservation again, guaranteed the survival rate in later stage, for guaranteeing the survival rate of diversiform-leaved poplar, it is best processing method.
Fig. 6 has reflected that handling 6 is full soil moved in to improve the original, executes nutrient solution, following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of fertilizer treatment conditions.The first year diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate of planting is 97% a little less than handling 5, apparently higher than handling 3, handles 4.The diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate slightly descended in 1 year, was 95%, all kept 95% high level afterwards, and difference is not remarkable each other.Compare with processing 3,4 as can be known based on the above results, handle 6 whole soil moved in to improve the originals diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate in the first year is improved; But compare with processing 5, owing to do not carry out chemical modifying, the first year, survival rate was lower than processing 5.Because the chemical modifying effect has temporaryly, and the short root of water conservation is had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dipped in root liquid and fertilizer and have long-lastingly, therefore the diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate can maintain 95% higher level in the time subsequently in addition.
Fig. 7 reflected and handled 7, i.e. soil moved in to improve the original and execute following 2006 survival rates to diversiform-leaved poplar in 2011 of chemical improvement agent condition.Diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate in the first year is higher under 7 conditions of processing as shown in Figure 7, continues afterwards to descend, and except the 5th year (2010) and the 6th year (2011) difference were not remarkable, other time differences were all remarkable.The survival rate fall off rate was respectively in 2007 to 2011: 12.80%, 6.67%, 2.86%, 2.94%, 0%.By above result as can be known, and handle 5 and compare, handle 7 and do not execute the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid, its, survival rate reduced in first year, but with handle 1,2,3 and compare, chemical modifying and complete soil moved in to improve the original have still guaranteed higher survival rate in its first year.But because no thoroughness and the fugitive property of soil moved in to improve the original and chemical modifying, afterwards owing to the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, soil depletion, arid etc., the diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate descends significantly, diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate variation tendency is similar to processing 2, since 1 year, handle the survival rate of diversiform-leaved poplar under 7 conditions only a little more than handling 2, almost be in same level.This explanation is planted under geavy salt alkaline earth earth condition and is managed and protected the short root of diversiform-leaved poplar woods water conservation and have a liking for application effect that saline and alkaline microorganism dips in root liquid and fertilizer much larger than soil moved in to improve the original and chemical modifying, is irreplaceable.And using chemical improvement agent only to bring into play big effect in the first year of planting, improvement salt alkali effect afterwards almost disappears.
The survival rate that diversiform-leaved poplar under 3,4,5,6 conditions is handled in the variation of diversiform-leaved poplar survival rate as can be known under each treatment conditions of analysis-by-synthesis different year all can reach better level, final 3 survival rates of handling are more than 78%, handle 4 survival rates more than 87%, handle 5 survival rates and reach 100%, handle 6 survival rates more than 95%.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a desert Gobi desert heavy saline diversiform-leaved poplar plantation, comprise when planting diversiform-leaved poplar and in tree, apply the 5kg fertilizer, then the root of diversiform-leaved poplar nursery stock being put into the short root of water conservation has a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dips in root liquid, and then the diversiform-leaved poplar nursery stock of planting, backfill soil is then watered around tree root and is executed the short root of water conservation and have a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and dip in root liquid 1000ml;
The short root of described water conservation is had a liking for saline and alkaline microorganism and is dipped in root liquid, comprises the sterilization soil of having a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure, 1 weight portion in the desert saline habitat of 1 weight portion, the water of 2 weight portions, the water-loss reducer of 0.1 weight portion, the somatotropin of 0.002-0.005 weight portion;
Described desert saline habitat have a liking for saline and alkaline microbial solid bacterial manure, comprise fermentation materials 100 weight portions, Cosan 1-3 weight portion, zinc sulphate 0.5-1.5 weight portion, magnesium sulfate 0.5-1.5 weight portion, its water content≤20%;
Described fermentation materials is prepared as follows: 2-5% has a liking for the arid desert saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent, 10%-15% water, 85-80% organic materials, mixes to stack fermentation; In the time of fermentation temperature 50-65 ℃, kept 7-14 days; Fermentation stacking yard temperature drops to 45-55 ℃, keeps 10-20 days;
Described organic materials is by one or more mixture 500kg of leaf, sawdust, stalk, one or more mixtures 50kg of cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure, and fish meal 5kg, brown sugar 3kg, corn starch 3kg forms;
Saline and alkaline microbial bacterial agent is had a liking in described arid desert, is made up of 17 kinds of microbial strains; Described 17 kinds of microbial strains are respectively: 1.1 * 10
8-1.7 * 10
8Individual/milliliter Pseudomonas alcaligenes (Pseudomonas alcaligenes) CGMCC1.1827,7.2 * 10
7-8.5 * 10
7Individual/milliliter acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) CGMCC1.2004,2.1 * 10
8-2.7 * 10
8Individual/milliliter bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium) CGMCC1.459,4.7 * 10
7-6.2 * 10
7Individual/milliliter bacillus pumilus (Bacillus pumilus) CGMCC1.1625,7.4 * 10
7-8.7 * 10
7Individual/milliliter bacillus licheniformis (Bacillus licheniformis) CGMCC1.91,3.3 * 10
8-4.2 * 10
8Individual/milliliter is had a liking for salt salt monad (Halomonas halophila) CGMCC1.2316,8.1 * 10
7-1.5 * 10
8Individual/milliliter azotobacter vinelandii (Azotobacter vinelandii) CGMCC1.1007,1.2 * 10
8-1.9 * 10
8Individual/milliliter bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC1.1414,5.3 * 10
6-6.1 * 10
6Individual/milliliter rice Flavobacterium (Flavobacterium oryzae) CGMCC1.1585,7.4 * 10
6-8.6 * 10
6Individual/milliliter Candida parapsilosis (Candida parapsilosis) CGMCC2.1768,4.7 * 10
7-6.4 * 10
7Individual/milliliter crooked thermomonospora fusca (Thermomonospora curvata) ACCC41067,8.2 * 10
7-1.4 * 10
8Individual/milliliter Trichoderma (Trichoderma sp.) ACCC31526,3.5 * 10
7-6.8 * 10
7Individual/milliliter soil bacillus (Bacillus edaphicus) ACCC03232,3.4 * 10
8-6.1 * 10
8Individual/milliliter blown-ball Azotobacter (Azotobacter chroococcum) ACCC01077,2.2 * 10
8-3.9 * 10
8Individual/milliliter thiobacillus thioparus (Thiobacillus thioparus) ACCC10288,9.7 * 10
7-2.5 * 10
8Individual/milliliter gel-shaped bacillus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) ACCC10095 and 7.8 * 10
7-9.3 * 10
7Individual/milliliter Pseudomonas fluorescence (Pseudomonas fluorescens) ACCC10040, unit is/milliliter.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described fertilizer is that cow dung, pig manure, chicken manure make according to 1: 1: 1 mixing compost fermentation.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that watering and executes the short root of water conservation and have a liking for and water after saline and alkaline microorganism is dipped in root liquid, applies chemical improvement agent simultaneously; Described chemical improvement agent comprises calcium sulphate 1-10%, ferrous sulfate 1-10%, citric acid 1-10%, poly olefin(e) acid copolymer 1 0-30%, and its surplus is water.
4. method according to claim 3, the amount that it is characterized in that described chemical improvement agent is every strain 0.5-1L.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that backfill soil is original soil or soil moved in to improve the original.
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| CN103449883B (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-25 | 张永康 | Preparation method and application method of ecological improving fertilizer for saline-alkali land |
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| CN103875503B (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2015-09-02 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | A kind of method improving extreme arid desert region diversiform-leaved poplar shoot transplanting survival rate |
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