CN102771305B - Culturing method of plantlets of rare tree erythrophloeum ferdii - Google Patents
Culturing method of plantlets of rare tree erythrophloeum ferdii Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culturing method of plantlets of rear tree erythrophloeum ferdii. The seeds of the erythrophloeum ferdii are sown by adopting a conventional method. The method is characterized in that the mixed matrix of yellow subsoil and biogas residue is arranged on the lower layer of a seedling cultivating matrix, and pure yellow subsoil is arranged on the upper layer of the seedling cultivating matrix, biogas slurry, seaweed oil and a compound fertilizer are mixed to be used for cultivating an additional fertilizer to obtain the good and healthy plantlets of the erythrophloeum ferdii. According to the method, the fertilizer damage as the epidermises of the seedlings which are transplanted just now are tender and sensitive to the fertilizer can be effectively prevented by the cultivating matrix; when the seedlings recover to grow new roots, the biogas fertilizer on the lower layer can be conveyed upwards slowly along with water content, so that the seedlings can absorb the nutrients needed by the growth in time; the biogas slurry, the seaweed oil and the compound fertilizer are taken as the additional fertilizer to be applied in a matching manner, so that the purpose of making good for deficiency is realized, and the fertilizer efficiency is improved; and the resources of raw materials are sufficient, the cost is low, the method is simple, the operation is convenient, the nutrition content is comprehensive, the absorptivity is good, the survival rate is high, the growth of the seedlings is facilitated due to the combination of rapid release and slow release of the fertilizer effect, and the culturing method adapts to the demands of accelerating the development of the rare and endangered erythrophloeum ferdii.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to the breeding method of a kind of rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock.
Background technology
Erythrophloeum ferdii (Erythrophleum fordii Oliv) has another name called red leaf wood, bucket is stepped on wind, lonely grave bavin; belonging to Caesalpiniaceae (Caesalpiniaceae) Erythrophleum (Erythrophleum), is one of rare or endangered species of listing in the secondary focused protection of Chinese Plants Red Data Book first Ce China.Natural distributed is in provinces and regions such as China Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan, and also there are distribution in Vietnam and Laos.Erythrophloeum ferdii is precious commerical tree species, has higher economic worth, its timber odorlessness, and texture is straight, structure is fine and closely woven solid, experience thousand immortal, hard chalybeate, proportion 0.67, after dry, without shrinking modification, therefore there is the title of hophornbeam, its corrosion resistant moisture-proof, is mainly used in top-grade furniture and ornameutal handiwork etc.Erythrophloeum ferdii is evergreen species, and its tree body is graceful, and therefore well developed root system and have root nodule is also one of important species of construction cities and towns amenity forest and ecological public welfare forests.Erythrophloeum ferdii natural forest resource is destroyed and excessive use through long-term, distribution reduces, fragmentation aggravation, and Endangered status is day by day serious, along with development and the continuous increase to high-grade timber demand of forestry, the development of accelerating rare and endangered tree species is current top priority.
Cultivate high-quality container and be strong sprout the basic foundation of accelerating the development of rare and endangered tree species erythrophloeum ferdii, carrying out scientific and reasonable fertilising is the cultivating seedlings most important condition in strong sprout, is also the key measures that determines seedling quality.Domestic scholars has also been carried out some researchs to cultivating erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, Tropical Forest the 35th volume the 1st phase 22-23 page in 2007, the people such as remaining international politics, have introduced erythrophloeum ferdii seedling medium for being that yellow soil, sandy loam and 80% sandy loam+20% baked wheaten cake soil are all mixed thoroughly and filled Seedling bag; Annual the 23rd volume the 5th phase 95-97 page in 2007, the people such as Yu Donghua, have introduced the general first quarter moon of fertilising of cultivating erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock and have topdressed that to mix urine water be good in 1 Ci，Yi Lin composite fertilizer, and seedling raise period is about approximately one year, when height of seedling 30-40cm Shi Kechu garden afforestation; Annual the 19th volume the 2nd phase 51-52 Lee Ye， state in 2003 newly waits people, and the seedling growing process of having introduced erythrophloeum ferdii is that height of seedling reaches 20cm when above, and every 667m2 Ke Yong 10kg composite fertilizer converts into liquid manure and waters and drench nursery stock, every 15d, applies fertilizer once; Forestry practical technique the 7th phase 32-33 page in 2010, the people such as Xu Linhong, have introduced 3 kinds of processing of erythrophloeum ferdii seedling fertilization (1) and have not done any processing (contrast); (2) 1% concentration fused calcium magnesium phosphate; (3) 1% concentration import composite fertilizers; (4) 1% concentration urea, result is that erythrophloeum ferdii seedling is executed 1 its high growth rates of Ci1% import composite fertilizer and obviously accelerates after every 3.Yet the breeding method of existing erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, remain in seedling medium fertility not enough, or matrix fertility and supply inhomogeneous, cause plant percent lower, growth is slow, economic benefit and social benefit are poor, directly affect the development of rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii afforestation.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention: for the deficiency of traditional erythrophloeum ferdii seedling culture method existence, aim to provide the breeding method of a kind of rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
1, the Zhao Zhahe natural pond liquid of high-quality and efficient organic biogas manure that utilization of the present invention is applicable to erythrophloeum ferdii seedling culture is respectively as base manure with topdress.Natural pond fertilizer is both containing grand nutrition element, organic matter, containing again the materials such as various trace elements, amino acid, vitamin, protein, growth hormone, is speed, the compoiste fertilizer that has both of slow, is conducive to the growing of seedling, blade thickness, photosynthesis strengthens, and photosynthetic rate speeds; Utilize extra large bath oil as topdressing, extra large bath oil contains 10% algae essence and various nutritive element, is pure-natural biological fertilizer, can promote the absorption of fertilizer, makes plant branch, stem, root sturdy, and blade face is dark green, and blade increases, and growth rapidly; Utilize composite fertilizer as topdressing, the quick-acting fertilizer that composite fertilizer is a kind of N, P, K content is high; Natural pond Ye, Hai Zaoyouhe composite fertilizer is mixed to use, can learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, interact, improve fertilizer efficiency.
2, utilize and to be applicable to the yellow soil of erythrophloeum ferdii seedling culture and natural pond slag as culture medium.Natural pond slag base manure can discharge fertilizer efficiency lentamente for seedling growth, yellow soil and natural pond slag layering arrange, the seedling that has effectively prevented firm transplanting is tender because of epiblem children, and the fertilizer damage that produce comparatively responsive to fertilizer, when seedling recovers just to have made new advances root, the fertile base manure in natural pond of bottom, just dissolve and discharge fertilizer efficiency molecule, mineral ion, along with moisture content is up carried lentamente, make seedling can absorb in time the required nutrient of growth, improve survival rate, Fast Growth.
3, the container cup that utilization of the present invention is applicable to erythrophloeum ferdii seedling culture is grown seedlings.Container cup is grown seedlings, and to have cost low, and method is simple, easy to operate, the good stalwartness of nursery stock, and growth is fast, adapts to the needs of accelerating the development of rare and endangered tree species erythrophloeum ferdii.
The present invention realizes like this:
The breeding method of a kind of rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, comprise that matrix configuration, seedling replanting, fertilizer mix, drench fertilise, rinse blade and other management operations, adopt conventional method by erythrophloeum ferdii planting seed, adopt yellow soil He Zhaofei natural pond slag to transplant seedling as culture medium, the mixing of Yi Zhaofei natural pond Ye, Hai Zaoyouhe composite fertilizer is topdressed to cultivate as cultivation and is obtained good healthy and strong erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) matrix configuration: yellow soil and natural pond slag by a certain percentage in filing of containers cup as the culture medium of erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock;
(2) seedling replanting: sprout cap when just de-until the erythrophloeum ferdii seedling of cultivating on husky bed, move in the container cup that installs matrix, drench normal root water, spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention, 60-90 minute bonnet upper film heat and moisture preserving, add a cover shading screen, in the time of the 10th day, spray again another kind of bactericide, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea mixed solution foliage fertilizer simultaneously;
After (3) 20 days, open film, continue to build shading screen sunshade, after 25 days, start to drench and execute mixing liquid fertilizer, mix liquid fertilizer with joining with executing;
(4) drench after fertilise, with clear water, rinse blade face, in case fertilizer damage;
(5) during, keep the moistening of matrix, while finding that there is insect pest, with insecticide, spray, when height of seedling 45-54cm, or seedlings root to pass nutrient matrix cup the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches outer and while penetrating earth, mobile containers cup is cut root and is practiced seedling, waits seedling to recover stablize Hou Kechu garden and afforests.
It is raw material that above-described natural pond fertilizer adopts the sanitary sewage of take pig cow dung, agricultural crop straw and not containing Fungicidal substance, natural pond liquid through more than 4 months pitchy, obvious odorless of biogas generating pit sealing anaerobic fermentation, pH value is 7.0 left and right, first take out the natural pond slag of the superiors, it is standby that natural pond slag shines dry grinding, upper middle level liquid stirs evenly and takes out, then adds 1 Bei Shuiwei natural pond liquid standby.
Above-described matrix configuration is that yellow soil weight 90-95 Fen He natural pond slag weight 5-10 part stirs as mixed-matrix, and mixed-matrix is filled in plastic cup, and charge weight is 1/3 place that cup is high, then with true yellow cubsoil, fills up.
Above-described mixing liquid fertilizer Shi Ba natural pond liquid adds liquid liquid fertilizer ，Zai An natural pond, the natural pond liquid liquid fertilizer weight that water is made into weight 15-25% and adds the composite fertilizer of 0.3-0.6% and 0.1% algal oil to stir.
After above-described 25 days, start to drench and execute that to mix liquid fertilizer be drenching to execute for the 25th day and mix for the first time liquid fertilizer after transplanting seedlings, every 20-25 days, drench and execute mixed once liquid fertilizer later.
Above-described insecticide is " spring extremely " fipronil microemulsion of 3%, 90% Methomyl, sprays according to a conventional method.
The present invention has the following advantages with respect to existing technology:
1, the present invention natural pond used is fertile, be pig cow dung just, organic waste rubbish, agricultural crop straw and containing the sanitary sewage of Fungicidal substance, be not raw material, a kind of high-quality and efficient fertilizer through biogas generating pit sealing anaerobic fermentation more than 4 months.Natural pond fertilizer had both had abundant available nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and humus, contained again the materials such as various trace elements, amino acid, vitamin, protein, growth hormone, was the compoiste fertilizer that speed, slow have both.Natural pond fertilizer is conducive to the growing of seedling, blade thickness, and photosynthesis strengthens, and photosynthetic rate speeds; Sea bath oil is pure-natural biological fertilizer, can promote the absorption of fertilizer, makes plant branch, stem, root sturdy, and blade face is dark green, and blade increases, and growth rapidly; Composite fertilizer is a kind of quick-acting fertilizer.Natural pond Ye, Hai Zaoyouhe composite fertilizer is mixed to use, can learn from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, interact, improve fertilizer efficiency.
2, yellow soil of the present invention and natural pond slag mixed-matrix are only filled to 1/3 place that container cup is high, above 2/3 use yellow soil fill up, because upper strata yellow soil nutrient component is few, the seedling that has effectively prevented firm transplanting because of epiblem children tender, and the fertilizer damage that produce comparatively responsive to fertilizer; And when seedling recovers just to have made new advances root, the fertile base manure in the natural pond of bottom, just dissolves and discharges fertilizer efficiency molecule, mineral ion, along with moisture content is up carried lentamente, make seedling can absorb in time the required nutrient of growth, improve survival rate, Fast Growth.
3, the present invention has raw material resources abundance, and cost is low, and method is simple, easy to operate, comprehensive nutrition, good absorbing, survival rate is high, fertilizer efficiency speed, is slowly combined with the growth that is beneficial to seedling, the seedling high-quality of cultivating is healthy and strong, and growth is fast, has adapted to the needs of accelerating the development of rare and endangered tree species erythrophloeum ferdii.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the method for utilizing natural pond liquid to cultivate rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment 1
To gather Hui natural pond slag and shine dry grinding, it is standby that natural pond liquid is made into 50% mother liquor.The weight ratio of yellow soil and natural pond slag 9:1 is stirred, be packed into container cup to 1/3 place of 12 * 14cm, fill it up with yellow soil above, by 16 a line, 230 row one furrow discharge, and sterilize the previous day of transplanting seedlings with 0.35% the potassium permanganate aqueous solution.When the upper seedling of cultivating of husky bed sprouts cap when just de-, move to and install matrix and drench in the container cup of water, drench normal root water, spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention, 60 minutes bonnet upper film heat and moisture preservings, add a cover shading screen, in the time of the 10th day, open the shady net of film ventilated, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray another kind of bactericide, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea mixed solution foliage fertilizer simultaneously.After 20 days, open film, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray microbial inoculum, then continue to build shading screen sunshade, within 25 days, drench afterwards 15% liquid fertilizer that Shi An50% natural pond liquid mother liquor is made into, the mixing liquid fertilizer that adds by weight the algal oil of 0.6% composite fertilizer and 0.1% to stir, mix liquid fertilizer with joining with executing, drench after fertilise, with clear water, slightly rinse blade face immediately, in case fertilizer damage, every 20 days, by above-mentioned concocting method and concentration, drench and execute later, execute altogether 5 times.Keep during this time the moistening of matrix, the Methomyl insecticide with 90% while finding that there is insect pest adopts conventional method to spray, and when height of seedling 45～54cm, mobile containers cup is cut root and practiced seedling, waits seedling to recover to stablize Hou Kechu garden afforestation.
Embodiment 2
To gather Hui natural pond slag and shine dry grinding, it is standby that natural pond liquid is made into 50% mother liquor.The parts by weight of 7.5 parts of yellow soil 92.5 Fen Yu natural pond slags are stirred, be packed into container cup to 1/3 place of 12 * 14cm, fill it up with yellow soil above, by 16 a line, 230 row one furrow discharge, and sterilize the previous day of transplanting seedlings with 0.35% the potassium permanganate aqueous solution.When the upper seedling of cultivating of husky bed sprouts cap when just de-, move to and install matrix and drench in the container cup of water, drench normal root water, spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention, 75 minutes bonnet upper film heat and moisture preservings, add a cover shading screen, in the time of the 10th day, open the shady net of film ventilated, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray another kind of bactericide, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea mixed solution foliage fertilizer simultaneously.After 20 days, open film, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray microbial inoculum, then continue to build shading screen sunshade, within 25 days, drench afterwards 20% liquid fertilizer that Shi An50% natural pond liquid mother liquor is made into, the mixing liquid fertilizer that adds by weight the algal oil of 0.45% composite fertilizer and 0.1% to stir, mix liquid fertilizer with joining with executing, drench after fertilise, with clear water, slightly rinse blade face immediately, in case fertilizer damage, every 22 days, by above-mentioned concocting method and concentration, drench and execute later, execute altogether 5 times.Keep during this time the moistening of matrix, " spring extremely " fipronil microemulsion insecticide with 3% while finding that there is insect pest adopts conventional method to spray, until seedlings root, pass outside nutrient matrix cup and while penetrating earth the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, mobile containers cup is cut root and is practiced seedling, waits seedling to recover to stablize Hou Kechu garden afforestation.
Embodiment 3
To gather Hui natural pond slag and shine dry grinding, it is standby that natural pond liquid is made into 50% mother liquor.The parts by weight of 5 parts of yellow soil 95Fen Yu natural pond slags are stirred, be packed into container cup to 1/3 place of 12 * 14cm, fill it up with yellow soil above, by 16 a line, 230 row one furrow discharge, and sterilize the previous day of transplanting seedlings with 0.35% the potassium permanganate aqueous solution.When the upper seedling of cultivating of husky bed sprouts cap when just de-, move to and install matrix and drench in the container cup of water, drench normal root water, spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention, 60 minutes bonnet upper film heat and moisture preservings, add a cover shading screen, in the time of the 10th day, open the shady net of film ventilated, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray another kind of bactericide, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea mixed solution foliage fertilizer simultaneously.After 20 days, open film, depending on the dry wet situation trickle of matrix, spray microbial inoculum, then continue to build shading screen sunshade, within 25 days, drench afterwards 25% liquid fertilizer that Shi An50% natural pond liquid mother liquor is made into, the mixing liquid fertilizer that adds by weight the algal oil of 0.3% composite fertilizer and 0.1% to stir, mix liquid fertilizer with joining with executing, drench after fertilise, with clear water, slightly rinse blade face immediately, in case fertilizer damage, every 25 days, by above-mentioned concocting method and concentration, drench and execute later, execute altogether 5 times.Keep during this time the moistening of matrix, " spring extremely " fipronil microemulsion insecticide with 3% while finding that there is insect pest adopts conventional method to spray, until seedlings root, pass outside nutrient matrix cup and while penetrating earth the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches, mobile containers cup is cut root and is practiced seedling, waits seedling to recover to stablize Hou Kechu garden afforestation.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding method of a rare tree species erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, comprise that matrix configuration, seedling replanting, fertilizer mix, drench fertilise, rinse blade and other management operations, adopt conventional method by erythrophloeum ferdii planting seed, it is characterized in that: adopt yellow soil He Zhaofei natural pond slag to transplant seedling as culture medium, the mixing of Yi Zhaofei natural pond Ye, Hai Zaoyouhe composite fertilizer is topdressed to cultivate as cultivation and is obtained good healthy and strong erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock, and concrete operation step is as follows:
(1) matrix configuration: yellow soil and natural pond slag stir, in filing of containers cup as the culture medium of erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock;
(2) seedling replanting: sprout cap when just de-until the erythrophloeum ferdii seedling of cultivating on husky bed, move in the container cup that installs matrix, drench normal root water, spray microbial inoculum diseases prevention, 60-90 minute bonnet upper film heat and moisture preserving, add a cover shading screen, in the time of the 10th day, spray again another kind of bactericide, spray 0.15% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1% urea mixed solution foliage fertilizer simultaneously;
After (3) 20 days, open film, continue to build shading screen sunshade, after 25 days, start to drench and execute mixing liquid fertilizer, mix liquid fertilizer with joining with executing;
(4) drench after fertilise, with clear water, rinse blade face, in case fertilizer damage;
(5) during, keep the moistening of matrix, while finding that there is insect pest, with insecticide, spray, when height of seedling 45-54cm, or seedlings root to pass nutrient matrix cup the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches outer and while penetrating earth, mobile containers cup is cut root and is practiced seedling, waits seedling to recover stablize Hou Chu garden and afforests;
Described matrix configuration is that yellow soil weight 90-95 Fen He natural pond slag weight 5-10 part stirs as mixed-matrix, and mixed-matrix is filled in plastic cup, and charge weight is 1/3 place that cup is high, then with true yellow cubsoil, fills up;
It is raw material that described natural pond fertilizer adopts the sanitary sewage of take pig cow dung, agricultural crop straw and not containing Fungicidal substance, natural pond liquid through more than 4 months pitchy, obvious odorless of biogas generating pit sealing anaerobic fermentation, pH value is 7.0, first take out the natural pond slag of the superiors, it is standby that natural pond slag shines dry grinding, upper middle level liquid stirs evenly and takes out, then adds 1 Bei Shuiwei natural pond liquid standby;
Described mixing liquid fertilizer Shi Ba natural pond liquid adds liquid liquid fertilizer ，Zai An natural pond, the natural pond liquid liquid fertilizer weight that water is made into weight 15-25% and adds the composite fertilizer of 0.3-0.6% and 0.1% algal oil to stir;
After described 25 days, start to drench and execute that to mix liquid fertilizer be drenching to execute for the 25th day and mix for the first time liquid fertilizer after transplanting seedlings, every 20-25 days, drench and execute mixed once liquid fertilizer later.
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| CN103460931B (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2014-11-26 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Erythrophloeum fordii cutting propagation method |
| CN104115590B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2017-01-11 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Erythrophloeum ferdii seed blending and pretreating method |
| CN104145793B (en) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-17 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | The root-cut breeding method of a kind of beans |
| CN104529592A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-22 | 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 | Special nutrient solution for transplanting cultivation of potted pine tree |
| CN104920158A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-09-23 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Erythrophloeum ferdii cuttage shoot field cultivating method |
| CN108990652A (en) * | 2018-06-05 | 2018-12-14 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | A kind of breeding method of rare and endangered tree species soil erythrophloeum ferdii nursery stock |
| CN109566218B (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2021-12-28 | 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所 | Forest farming control method for trekka wood artificial forest tip-eating pests |
| CN112544328A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-03-26 | 河南省予卓信息科技有限公司 | Seedling growing method for landscaping plants |
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