CN103688704A - Planting method of brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L. - Google Patents
Planting method of brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN103688704A CN103688704A CN201310619301.8A CN201310619301A CN103688704A CN 103688704 A CN103688704 A CN 103688704A CN 201310619301 A CN201310619301 A CN 201310619301A CN 103688704 A CN103688704 A CN 103688704A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method of brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.. The planting method of the brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L. comprises the following steps of A, variety selection; B, seedling growing; C, land preparation and arrangement of moisture in the soil; D, fertilization; E, transplantation and field planting; F, field management; G, insect disease prevention; H, timely harvesting. According to the planting method disclosed by the invention, insect disease can be effectively prevented from happening by selecting a disease-resistant variety and adopting seed sterilization treatment and soil sterilization treatment; seedlings are cultured by using a nutrition dish, the transplantation with soil can be carried out when in transplantation and field planting, the seedling stage can be shortened, and the tidy growth can be facilitated; dedicated organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer of the disease-resistant variety integrates organic and inorganic fertilizers into a whole, the problems of the lack of organic fertilizer and difficult fertilization of the organic fertilizer can be solved, the matching ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is coordinated, and the fertilization efficiency is obvious; composting is carried out by adding a decomposition agent in tobacco powder, and a composting and slaking process of the tobacco powder can be quickened; the whole-life requirement on nutrient of a plant can be met just by carrying out hole fertilization of fertilizer in one time, and the labor is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables field, particularly a kind of head cabbage implantation methods.
Background technology
Head cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.) is the plant of Cruciferae, Brassicas, is the mutation of wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.).Have another name called that cabbage, cabbage, pimple are white, cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, white, the little iron of lotus flower be first-class.Originate from Mediterranean, 16th century started to import into China.That wild cabbage has is cold-resistant, disease-resistant, strong adaptability, easily storage, resistance to fortune, output are high, dark green to green, blade face is smooth for blade, mesophyll plumpness, and the feature such as mouthfeel is good, nutritious, enjoys consumer's favor.
Tonghai County cultivated area constantly expands in recent years, according to statistics whole county cultivated area in 2012, has reached more than 50,000 mu, is one of principal item of Tonghai County export trade vegetables.Local vegetable grower applies fertilizer to exist and thinks little of application of organic fertilizers, blindly fertilising, the excessive chemical fertilizer of using, particularly the excessive phenomenon of using nitrogen chemical fertilizer is very outstanding, next is nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer proportioning is unreasonable, not focusing on base manure uses, can not catch the fertile critical period fertilising of crop, it is too much that chemical fertilizer is watered the number of times that topdresses, chemical fertilizer top application, in not noting, the problem such as supplement of trace element, this not only causes agriculture production cost to increase, and cause the soil salinization, soil compaction, arability variation, farmland quality declines, integrated production capacity reduces, bring plateau lake Qilu Lake water source environment simultaneously, the severe contamination of the lithic drainage circulatory system, threatening that agricultural product quality and safety and the people's is healthy.
China is tobacco cultivation and the maximum country of output in the world, and ten thousand tons of annual yield of tobacco 450-500 wherein approximately have the offcuts such as nearly 25% tobacco leaf, tobacco waste to go out of use, can not be for production of cigarettes.Yunnan is as the whole nation large province of famous tobacco, in annual yield of flue-cured tobacco, approximately there is 30%-35% to belong to and cannot carry out the low grade of Cigarette processing or wait an outer grade tobacco leaf to fail rationally to be utilized, each cigarette enterprise also accumulates a large amount of tobacco wastes, also have the tobacco wastes such as a large amount of upper tobacco leafs, fireworks and tabacco straw, approximately 600,000 tons of the quantity of tobacco waste.Waste tobacco leaf and offcuts thereof are large by products of production of cigarettes, are rich in various biological organic principle and the secondary metabolites that production application is worth that have, and contain the nutrients such as a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element simultaneously, have very high value.Facts have proved, in production process, in fact there is not the variation in material constituent in these by products that produce in production of cigarettes, chemical composition is mainly, carbohydrate accounts for 50%, nicotine accounts for 1%～4%, resin, polyphenol, lignin etc. account for 15%, and protein accounts for 30%, and ash content accounts for 13%.Be particularly suitable for doing organic fertilizer raw material and use, in tobacco, particular matter has another name called the expelling parasite of nicotine energy desinsection as nicotine, effectively drives away soil insect; Tannin energy disinfecting mite-removing, suppresses soil-borne disease, effectively prevents and treats underground nematode; Phenol, aldehyde, quinone, lipid aromatic substance and organic acid: belong to natural plants growth regulator, promote crop root growth; The glucides such as monose, disaccharides, polysaccharide, cellulose, lignin, humic acid etc. have unique effect in improvement soil.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to background technology: blindly fertilising in head cabbage production process, partially execute heavy nitrogen application, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer proportioning are unreasonable, chemical fertilizer top application, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, causes environmental pollution, topdress often, labour intensity is large, production cost increases, benefit reduces, the problems such as offal goes out of use, the present invention is intended to: application fertilization compositions based on earth measurement, nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportioning and optimum spraying amount that fertilizer and wild cabbage quantitative effect Fertilization Model are recommended, the middle trace element of shortage and wild cabbage crop sensitivity in supplementary local soil, utilize discarded offal, produce a kind of head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special, by this special fertilizer only when transplanting, at the ad-hoc location of relatively near root, spread manuer in holes and once just can meet the plant demand to nutrient throughout one's life completely, thereby realize disease-resistant, high-quality, high yield easy to operation, abridged edition, synergy, ecological, the new head cabbage implantation methods of environmental protection.
For achieving the above object, the solution that the technology of the present invention adopts is:
A head cabbage implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: select the disease-resistant variety that commodity property is good, food flavor is good;
B, grow seedlings:
A, seed treatment: all can sow the whole year, before sowing with the water seed soaking of 50 ℃-55 ℃ 15 minutes, after drying seed, use the 50% iprodione wetting powder that accounts for seed weight 0.3%-0.4%, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 75% tpn wetting powder is dressed seed;
B, soil treatment and sowing: sow first 20 days and be watered 3000ml with formalin 50ml and water Nutrition Soil, then epiphragma heap is sealed 5 days, or mixes Nutrition Soil to soil disinfection sterilization with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Sterilization Nutrition Soil packs in the dish of nutrition cave, and then every bunch planting seed 1-2 grain, covers subsequently the thin soil that one deck 0.5cm-0.8cm is thick and water sufficient normal root water again, and the seeding stage keeps soil matrix moistening, 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature;
C, seedling management: after emerging, when true leaf launches, carry out a minute seedling, thinning work, stay by force a little less than going, 1 strain strong sprout was stayed in nutrient discs every cave of growing seedlings, and transplanted the first 7 days hardenings of leaking informaton;
C, whole geographical moisture in the soil: the wide bag ditch of moisture in the soil 1.5m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm-30cm, every mu of use 70% fenaminosulf medicinal powder 3Kg converts after fine earth 30Kg or 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 3Kg mix thoroughly fine earth 30Kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields soil disinfection;
D, fertilising: fertilizer is disposable spreads manuer in holes, be before transplanting according to 28cm * 30cm, every mu of plantation specification of planting 6476 strains, every strain one cave is excavated fertilising cave standby before transplanting prerequisite, the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, is back taper at the sharp end of footpath, cave 10cm-12cm; Transplanting the same day, before transplanting, in advance head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special was being imposed in fertilising cave to fertilizer amount 120Kg-150Kg/ mu disposable all evenly dividing;
E, transplant planting: when growing 4-5 sheet true leaf, seedling transplants, 1-2 days before transplanting, seedbed is watered permeable; In the position, dead ahead apart from each bottom, fertilising cave fertilizer outer rim point 10cm-12cm, fixed point is excavated and is transplanted cave respectively, excavation is transplanted to the earth having dug in cave and take advantage of a situation the fertilizer covering in fertilising cave; Transplant the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, seedling balled transplanting is arrived and transplanted in cave, root system thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm-8cm; Plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu; During field planting, moistening when the upper soll layer of 15cm, water capacity, higher than in 22% situation, need not water field planting water; Otherwise, after field planting, to water immediately, the 2nd afternoon waters water again 1 time; After 6-7 days substantially slow seedlings, can intertill;
F, field management: after field planting survives, to plant Feng Hangqian, carry out 1-2 time intertill and clean tillage, degree of depth 5cm-10cm in good time; The 6-10 month, rainfall is plentiful season, after transplanting, to gathering as last, need not manually water, and notes water drainage; Winter-Spring arid season, watered once every 10-15 days;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with yellow plate, lure aphid, with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% imidacloprid wettable powder, connect and spray anti-eliminating aphis 2-3 time; With bacillus thuringiensis,Bt 500-1000 times liquid, or with 800 times of liquid of 1% A Weigao chloro milk oil, insect, just incubate phase, the spraying of low age stage, even spray and prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and diamond-back moth 2-3 time; With 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, prevent and treat black rot and soft rot for 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 40% tpn wetting powder, prevent and treat black spot 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 20% flumorph wetting powder, prevent and treat downy mildew 1 time;
H, timely collecting: in the sizing of leaf-head size, when consolidation reaches eighty per cant, can gather.
Described head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special is mixed rear granulation and is formed by urea 35-45 part, MAP 9-11 part, potassium sulfate 14-16 part, borax 1-2 part, offal fertilizer 30-35 part.
Described offal fertilizer is mixed by 1 part of 100 parts of offal, decomposing agent, water to water content 50%-60%, pile the fermentation heap of high 1-1.5 rice, wide 2-2.5 rice, length 3-10 rice, and in heap, get through pore with rod, control temperature at 50 ℃-60 ℃, when temperature surpasses 60 ℃, carry out turning processing, after spontaneous fermentation 40-60 days, water content obtains 30% time.
Described decomposing agent is good fortune shellfish, customization, banyan maple microbial composite bacteria.
the comparative trial of the present invention and conventional fertilizer application
1.1 test sites: the Qian Yuefu of eight groups of communities, Kingsoft, Xiushan Mountain street, Tonghai County contracts field, 0.88 mu of area, 24 ° 07 ' 59.7 of geographical coordinate north latitude "; 102 ° 42 ' 37.9 of east longitude ", 1798 meters of height above sea level, place name: Tongjiang highway east, previous crops: cauliflower, husky mud field, medium fertility.
1.2 for studying thing: head cabbage, kind: green the earth.
1.3 plan designs and respectively process fertilizing amount: in She Tong field, formula fertilizer show area comparative trial, test is treated to 3 processing, 0.3 mu of processing area.Treatment Design is as follows:
Process 1: conventional fertilizer application (peasant household oneself determines fertilising kind, fertilizing amount and fertilizing method), use hydrogen ammonium 35.7 ㎏, urea 40 ㎏, general calcium 21.4 ㎏, composite fertilizer 50 ㎏ for every mu, amount to every mu and use pure N32 ㎏, P
2o
510.9 ㎏, K
2o7.5 ㎏.
Process 2: use head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 150 ㎏ for every mu, amount to every mu and use pure N30 ㎏, P
2o
57.5 ㎏, K
2o12 ㎏.
Process 3: use head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special 120 ㎏ for every mu, amount to every mu and use pure N24 ㎏, P
2o
56 ㎏, K
2o9.6 ㎏.
1.4 test performances
1.4.1 test basic condition wild cabbage and transplant on May 9th, 2012, plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu, starts results on July 3rd, 2012, harvests growing stage 63 days to July 12.Average 1.0 yuan/kg of selling price.
1.4.2 rainfall in vegetative period situation wild cabbage is met rainfall 7 times in whole breeding time, and respectively at spotting May 17,18,24,25, June 15,16,19 rained heavily.
1.4.3 Term Fertilization method and amount of application conventional fertilizer application (processing 1) are in becoming current, rosette stage, heading stage to apply fertilizer 4 times; Use the processing 2 of head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and process 3, head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special when wild cabbage is transplanted, disposable spreading manuer in holes.Each processes fertilization type, time, period and quantity as following table:
From table (3), find out: rate of fertilizer is amounted to pure nutrient, 2 processing, 3 are processed respectively and are reduced Term Fertilization 0.9kg/ mu and 10.8kg/ mu than conventional fertilizer application.
2 test results and analysis
2.1 economic characters investigation
Each processing sampling 20 strains of wild cabbage maturing stage, investigation economic characters, investigation result is as follows:
From above-mentioned investigation result, learn, except processing that 3 individual plant clean vegetables is heavy and equating with processing 1, using the processing 2 of head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and processing 3 heavy at individual plant Mao Caichong, clean vegetables, the leaf latitude of emulsion, bulb diameter etc. all obviously increases than the processing of conventional fertilizer application 1, and head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special improves obvious to every economic index of wild cabbage.
2.2 above-ground plant parts dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings examinations
In rosette stage, heading stage, three periods of maturing stage, reason is got 10 strains and is carried out acrial part and carry out fresh and dried weighing throughout respectively, the results are shown in following table:
From upper table, find out, not obvious in the dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings difference of wild cabbage acrial part in growth early stage, but along with the growth of wild cabbage, to the heading stage start to process 2 and to process 3 acrial part dry weight and fresh weight of plant seedlings conventional fertile apparently higher than processing 1().
2.3 yield result
This was tested on July 2nd, 2012, by Yuxi clay fertilizer station, organize provinces and cities to carry out an acceptance inspection about 9 experts, check and acceptance result: process 1, process 2, process 3 output and be followed successively by 6667 ㎏/mus, 7253.3 ㎏/mus, 7540.2 ㎏/mus, use the processing 2, processing 3 of head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special respectively than contrasting increasing 586.3 ㎏/mus and 873.2 ㎏/mus (seeing the following form).
2.4 fertilizer cost
Processing 1(conventional fertilizer application) fertilizer cost is 326.22 yuan/mu, processes 487.5 yuan/mu of 2 fertilizer costs, processes 390 yuan/mu of 3 fertilizer costs.Cost is processed 2, is processed 3 respectively than processing 1(conventional fertilizer application) increase by 161.28 yuan/mu, 63.78 yuan/mu.
2.5 save labour
Conventional fertilizer application 4/mu of 4 recruitments of topdressing, use head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special and play 2 of pool fertilising recruitments than 2 of conventional fertilizer application saving labours, by 50 yuan of calculating of each labour, use formula fertilizer and can save 100 yuan/mu of labor costs than conventional fertilizer application.
2.6 economic benefit
Little wild cabbage is by 1.0 yuan/kg of average selling price, processes 1(conventional fertilizer application) 6667 yuan of per mu yield values, 326.22 yuan of deduction fertilizer costs, 6340.78 yuan of every mu of net incomes; Process 7253.3 yuan of 2 per mu yield values, 487.5 yuan of fertilizer costs of deduction, add and save 100 yuan/mu of labor costs, 6865.8 yuan of every mu of net incomes; Process 7540.2 yuan of 3 per mu yield values, 390 yuan of fertilizer costs of deduction, add and save 100 yuan/mu of labor costs, 7250.2 yuan of every mu of net incomes; Net income: process 2, process 3 and increase 525.02 yuan/mu, 909.42 yuan/mu than contrast respectively.
beneficial effect:
1, the present invention selects disease-resistant variety, seed disinfection processing and soil disinfection to process disease prevention generation effectively in advance.
2, the nutrient discs convenient transportation of growing seedlings for the present invention, and when transplant planting transplantation with soil, can hinder less shoot root, to shorten seedling-slowing stage, promote growth neat.
3, the head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special in the present invention integrates organic and inorganic fertilizer, uses the problem that this special fertilizer can solve fertilizer shortage and application of organic fertilizers difficulty, accomplishes to combine the use of land with the nurturing of land, and is conducive to sustainable agriculture development.
4, the head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special in the present invention, nitrogen phosphorus potassium proportioning is coordinated, and can effectively avoid vegetable grower blindly partially to execute heavy nitrogen application, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, strengthen plant disease resistance, improve wild cabbage yield and quality, alleviate fertilizer pollution on the environment simultaneously.Use head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special remarkable benefit.
5, the present invention adds decomposing agent to carry out compost in offal, can shorten the time of pyrolytic, reduces the loss of full nitrogen (T-N), promotes NH
4 +-N is to NO
3 -the conversion of-N, has accelerated offal curing of compost process.
6, the head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special in the present invention, during in conjunction with transplanting, only spread manuer in holes once in location, just can meet plant asking nutrient in all one's life completely, thereby removed numerous and diverse link of topdressing from, saved the particularly labour of mountainous rural area anxiety of Rural Areas at Present, fundamentally effectively reduce labour intensity, for rural laborer shifts, established the new strong point.
7, the present invention is turned waste into wealth, and effectively improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reduces fertilizer amount, fertile cost is purchased in saving, saves labour and drops into, saving water resource, alleviate chemical fertilizer, the pollution of agricultural chemicals to natural ecological environment, realize volume increase, increase income, society, economy, ecological benefits are obvious.
Specific embodiment
embodiment 1
A head cabbage implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: select the disease-resistant variety that commodity property is good, food flavor is good: delicious early raw, morning in spring, its cold resistance is strong;
B, grow seedlings:
A, seed treatment: late Febuary in mid-August sowing time to next year sowing, before sowing, with the water seed soaking of 50 ℃-55 ℃ 15 minutes, dry the 50% iprodione wetting powder that use after seed accounts for seed weight 0.3%-0.4% and dress seed;
B, soil treatment and sowing: sow first 20 days and be watered 3000ml with formalin 50ml and water Nutrition Soil, then epiphragma heap is sealed 5 days to soil disinfection sterilization; Sterilization Nutrition Soil packs in the dish of nutrition cave, and then every bunch planting seed 1-2 grain, covers subsequently the thin soil that one deck 0.5cm-0.8cm is thick and water sufficient normal root water again, and the seeding stage keeps soil matrix moistening, 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature;
C, seedling management: after emerging, when true leaf launches, carry out a minute seedling, thinning work, stay by force a little less than going, 1 strain strong sprout was stayed in nutrient discs every cave of growing seedlings, and transplanted the first 7 days hardenings of leaking informaton;
C, whole geographical moisture in the soil: the wide bag ditch of moisture in the soil 1.5m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm-30cm, every mu of use 70% fenaminosulf medicinal powder 3Kg converts after fine earth 30Kg mixes thoroughly and spreads fertilizer over the fields soil disinfection;
D, fertilising: fertilizer is disposable spreads manuer in holes, be before transplanting according to 28cm * 30cm, every mu of plantation specification of planting 6476 strains, every strain one cave is excavated fertilising cave standby before transplanting prerequisite, the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, is back taper at the sharp end of footpath, cave 10cm-12cm; Transplanting the same day, before transplanting, in advance head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special was being imposed in fertilising cave to fertilizer amount 120Kg/ mu disposable all evenly dividing;
E, transplant planting: when growing 4-5 sheet true leaf, seedling transplants, 1-2 days before transplanting, seedbed is watered permeable; In the position, dead ahead apart from each bottom, fertilising cave fertilizer outer rim point 10cm-12cm, fixed point is excavated and is transplanted cave respectively, excavation is transplanted to the earth having dug in cave and take advantage of a situation the fertilizer covering in fertilising cave; Transplant the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, seedling balled transplanting is arrived and transplanted in cave, root system thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm-8cm; Plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu; During field planting, moistening when the upper soll layer of 15cm, water capacity, higher than in 22% situation, need not water field planting water; Otherwise, after field planting, to water immediately, the 2nd afternoon waters water again 1 time; After 6-7 days substantially slow seedlings, can intertill;
F, field management: after field planting survives, to plant Feng Hangqian, carry out 1-2 time intertill and clean tillage, degree of depth 5cm-10cm in good time; The 6-10 month, rainfall is plentiful season, after transplanting, to gathering as last, need not manually water, and notes water drainage; Winter-Spring arid season, watered once every 10-15 days;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with yellow plate, lure aphid, with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% imidacloprid wettable powder, connect and spray anti-eliminating aphis 2-3 time; With bacillus thuringiensis,Bt 500-1000 times liquid, insect, just incubate phase, the spraying of low age stage, even spray and prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and diamond-back moth 2-3 time; With 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, prevent and treat black rot and soft rot for 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 40% tpn wetting powder, prevent and treat black spot 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 20% flumorph wetting powder, prevent and treat downy mildew 1 time;
H, timely collecting: in the sizing of leaf-head size, when consolidation reaches eighty per cant, can gather.
Described head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special mixes rear granulation by 30 parts, 35 parts, urea, 9 parts of MAPs, 14 parts of potassium sulfates, 1 part of borax, offal fertilizer and forms.
Described offal fertilizer is mixed by 1 part of 100 parts of offal, decomposing agent, water to water content 50%-60%, pile the fermentation heap of high 1-1.5 rice, wide 2-2.5 rice, length 3-10 rice, and in heap, get through pore with rod, control temperature at 50 ℃-60 ℃, when temperature surpasses 60 ℃, carry out turning processing, after spontaneous fermentation 40-60 days, water content obtains 30% time.
Described decomposing agent is good fortune shellfish microbial composite bacteria.
embodiment 2
A head cabbage implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, kind select: select the disease-resistant variety that commodity property is good, food flavor is good: bass spy, green the earth, must man of great strength, its high temperature of resistance to rainwater;
B, grow seedlings:
A, seed treatment: late December sowing time to early August is sowed, with the water seed soaking of 50 ℃-55 ℃ 15 minutes, dry 50% carbendazol wettable powder that use after seed accounts for seed weight 0.3%-0.4% and dress seed before sowing;
B, soil treatment and sowing: sow first 20 days with mixing Nutrition Soil to soil disinfection sterilization with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Sterilization Nutrition Soil packs in the dish of nutrition cave, and then every bunch planting seed 1-2 grain, covers subsequently the thin soil that one deck 0.5cm-0.8cm is thick and water sufficient normal root water again, and the seeding stage keeps soil matrix moistening, 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature;
C, seedling management: after emerging, when true leaf launches, carry out a minute seedling, thinning work, stay by force a little less than going, 1 strain strong sprout was stayed in nutrient discs every cave of growing seedlings, and transplanted the first 7 days hardenings of leaking informaton;
C, whole geographical moisture in the soil: the wide bag ditch of moisture in the soil 1.5m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm-30cm, every mu of use 70% fenaminosulf medicinal powder 3Kg converts after fine earth 30Kg mixes thoroughly and spreads fertilizer over the fields soil disinfection;
D, fertilising: fertilizer is disposable spreads manuer in holes, be before transplanting according to 28cm * 30cm, every mu of plantation specification of planting 6476 strains, every strain one cave is excavated fertilising cave standby before transplanting prerequisite, the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, is back taper at the sharp end of footpath, cave 10cm-12cm; Transplanting the same day, before transplanting, in advance head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special was being imposed in fertilising cave to fertilizer amount 135Kg/ mu disposable all evenly dividing;
E, transplant planting: when growing 4-5 sheet true leaf, seedling transplants, 1-2 days before transplanting, seedbed is watered permeable; In the position, dead ahead apart from each bottom, fertilising cave fertilizer outer rim point 10cm-12cm, fixed point is excavated and is transplanted cave respectively, excavation is transplanted to the earth having dug in cave and take advantage of a situation the fertilizer covering in fertilising cave; Transplant the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, seedling balled transplanting is arrived and transplanted in cave, root system thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm-8cm; Plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu; During field planting, moistening when the upper soll layer of 15cm, water capacity, higher than in 22% situation, need not water field planting water; Otherwise, after field planting, to water immediately, the 2nd afternoon waters water again 1 time; After 6-7 days substantially slow seedlings, can intertill;
F, field management: after field planting survives, to plant Feng Hangqian, carry out 1-2 time intertill and clean tillage, degree of depth 5cm-10cm in good time; The 6-10 month, rainfall is plentiful season, after transplanting, to gathering as last, need not manually water, and notes water drainage; Winter-Spring arid season, watered once every 10-15 days;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with yellow plate, lure aphid, with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% imidacloprid wettable powder, connect and spray anti-eliminating aphis 2-3 time; With 800 times of liquid of 1% A Weigao chloro milk oil, insect, just incubate phase, the spraying of low age stage, even spray and prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and diamond-back moth 2-3 time; With 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, prevent and treat black rot and soft rot for 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 40% tpn wetting powder, prevent and treat black spot 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 20% flumorph wetting powder, prevent and treat downy mildew 1 time;
H, timely collecting: in the sizing of leaf-head size, when consolidation reaches eighty per cant, can gather.
Described head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special mixes rear granulation by 32 parts, 30 parts, urea, 10 parts of MAPs, 15 parts of potassium sulfates, 1.5 parts of boraxs, offal fertilizer and forms.
Described offal fertilizer is mixed by 1 part of 100 parts of offal, decomposing agent, water to water content 50%-60%, pile the fermentation heap of high 1-1.5 rice, wide 2-2.5 rice, length 3-10 rice, and in heap, get through pore with rod, control temperature at 50 ℃-60 ℃, when temperature surpasses 60 ℃, carry out turning processing, after spontaneous fermentation 40-60 days, water content obtains 30% time.
Described decomposing agent is customization microbial composite bacteria.
embodiment 3
A head cabbage implantation methods, comprises the following steps:
A, kind are selected: select the disease-resistant variety that commodity property is good, food flavor is good: hope, the utmost point early No. 2;
B, grow seedlings:
A, seed treatment: early December sowing time is to early March, with the water seed soaking of 50 ℃-55 ℃ 15 minutes, dry the 75% tpn wetting powder that use after seed accounts for seed weight 0.3%-0.4% and dress seed before sowing;
B, soil treatment and sowing: sow first 20 days and mix Nutrition Soil to soil disinfection sterilization with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Sterilization Nutrition Soil packs in the dish of nutrition cave, and then every bunch planting seed 1-2 grain, covers subsequently the thin soil that one deck 0.5cm-0.8cm is thick and water sufficient normal root water again, and the seeding stage keeps soil matrix moistening, 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature;
C, seedling management: after emerging, when true leaf launches, carry out a minute seedling, thinning work, stay by force a little less than going, 1 strain strong sprout was stayed in nutrient discs every cave of growing seedlings, and transplanted the first 7 days hardenings of leaking informaton;
C, whole geographical moisture in the soil: the wide bag ditch of moisture in the soil 1.5m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm-30cm, spreads fertilizer over the fields soil disinfection after every mu of use 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 3Kg mixes thoroughly fine earth 30Kg;
D, fertilising: fertilizer is disposable spreads manuer in holes, be before transplanting according to 28cm * 30cm, every mu of plantation specification of planting 6476 strains, every strain one cave is excavated fertilising cave standby before transplanting prerequisite, the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, is back taper at the sharp end of footpath, cave 10cm-12cm; Transplanting the same day, before transplanting, in advance head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special was being imposed in fertilising cave to fertilizer amount 150Kg/ mu disposable all evenly dividing;
E, transplant planting: when growing 4-5 sheet true leaf, seedling transplants, 1-2 days before transplanting, seedbed is watered permeable; In the position, dead ahead apart from each bottom, fertilising cave fertilizer outer rim point 10cm-12cm, fixed point is excavated and is transplanted cave respectively, excavation is transplanted to the earth having dug in cave and take advantage of a situation the fertilizer covering in fertilising cave; Transplant the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, seedling balled transplanting is arrived and transplanted in cave, root system thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm-8cm; Plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu; During field planting, moistening when the upper soll layer of 15cm, water capacity, higher than in 22% situation, need not water field planting water; Otherwise, after field planting, to water immediately, the 2nd afternoon waters water again 1 time; After 6-7 days substantially slow seedlings, can intertill;
F, field management: after field planting survives, to plant Feng Hangqian, carry out 1-2 time intertill and clean tillage, degree of depth 5cm-10cm in good time; The 6-10 month, rainfall is plentiful season, after transplanting, to gathering as last, need not manually water, and notes water drainage; Winter-Spring arid season, watered once every 10-15 days;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with yellow plate, lure aphid, with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% imidacloprid wettable powder, connect and spray anti-eliminating aphis 2-3 time; With with 800 times of liquid of 1% A Weigao chloro milk oil, insect, just incubate phase, the spraying of low age stage, even spray and prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and diamond-back moth 2-3 time; With 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, prevent and treat black rot and soft rot for 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 40% tpn wetting powder, prevent and treat black spot 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 20% flumorph wetting powder, prevent and treat downy mildew 1 time;
H, timely collecting: in the sizing of leaf-head size, when consolidation reaches eighty per cant, can gather.
Described head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special mixes rear granulation by 35 parts, 45 parts, urea, 11 parts of MAPs, 16 parts of potassium sulfates, 2 parts of boraxs, offal fertilizer and forms.
Described offal fertilizer is mixed by 1 part of 100 parts of offal, decomposing agent, water to water content 50%-60%, pile the fermentation heap of high 1-1.5 rice, wide 2-2.5 rice, length 3-10 rice, and in heap, get through pore with rod, control temperature at 50 ℃-60 ℃, when temperature surpasses 60 ℃, carry out turning processing, after spontaneous fermentation 40-60 days, water content obtains 30% time.
Described decomposing agent is banyan maple microbial composite bacteria.
Claims (4)
1. a head cabbage implantation methods, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, kind are selected: select the disease-resistant variety that commodity property is good, food flavor is good;
B, grow seedlings:
A, seed treatment: all can sow the whole year, before sowing with the water seed soaking of 50 ℃-55 ℃ 15 minutes, after drying seed, use the 50% iprodione wetting powder that accounts for seed weight 0.3%-0.4%, or 50% carbendazol wettable powder, or 75% tpn wetting powder is dressed seed;
B, soil treatment and sowing: sow first 20 days and be watered 3000ml with formalin 50ml and water Nutrition Soil, then epiphragma heap is sealed 5 days, or mixes Nutrition Soil to soil disinfection sterilization with 50% carbendazol wettable powder; Sterilization Nutrition Soil packs in the dish of nutrition cave, and then every bunch planting seed 1-2 grain, covers subsequently the thin soil that one deck 0.5cm-0.8cm is thick and water sufficient normal root water again, and the seeding stage keeps soil matrix moistening, 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature;
C, seedling management: after emerging, when true leaf launches, carry out a minute seedling, thinning work, stay by force a little less than going, 1 strain strong sprout was stayed in nutrient discs every cave of growing seedlings, and transplanted the first 7 days hardenings of leaking informaton;
C, whole geographical moisture in the soil: the wide bag ditch of moisture in the soil 1.5m, furrow width 40cm, ditch depth 25cm-30cm, every mu of use 70% fenaminosulf medicinal powder 3Kg converts after fine earth 30Kg or 50% thiophanate methyl wetting powder 3Kg mix thoroughly fine earth 30Kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields soil disinfection;
D, fertilising: fertilizer is disposable spreads manuer in holes, be before transplanting according to 28cm * 30cm, every mu of plantation specification of planting 6476 strains, every strain one cave is excavated fertilising cave standby before transplanting prerequisite, the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, is back taper at the sharp end of footpath, cave 10cm-12cm; Transplanting the same day, before transplanting, in advance head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special was being imposed in fertilising cave to fertilizer amount 120Kg-150Kg/ mu disposable all evenly dividing;
E, transplant planting: when growing 4-5 sheet true leaf, seedling transplants, 1-2 days before transplanting, seedbed is watered permeable; In the position, dead ahead apart from each bottom, fertilising cave fertilizer outer rim point 10cm-12cm, fixed point is excavated and is transplanted cave respectively, excavation is transplanted to the earth having dug in cave and take advantage of a situation the fertilizer covering in fertilising cave; Transplant the dark 13cm-15cm in cave, seedling balled transplanting is arrived and transplanted in cave, root system thickness of earth-fill cover 5cm-8cm; Plantation specification is 28cm * 30cm, plants 6476 strains for every mu; During field planting, moistening when the upper soll layer of 15cm, water capacity, higher than in 22% situation, need not water field planting water; Otherwise, after field planting, to water immediately, the 2nd afternoon waters water again 1 time; After 6-7 days substantially slow seedlings, can intertill;
F, field management: after field planting survives, to plant Feng Hangqian, carry out 1-2 time intertill and clean tillage, degree of depth 5cm-10cm in good time; The 6-10 month, rainfall is plentiful season, after transplanting, to gathering as last, need not manually water, and notes water drainage; Winter-Spring arid season, watered once every 10-15 days;
G, prevention and elimination of disease and pests: with yellow plate, lure aphid, with 1500 times of liquid sprayings of 20% imidacloprid wettable powder, connect and spray anti-eliminating aphis 2-3 time; With bacillus thuringiensis,Bt 500-1000 times liquid, or with 800 times of liquid of 1% A Weigao chloro milk oil, insect, just incubate phase, the spraying of low age stage, even spray and prevent and treat cabbage caterpillar and diamond-back moth 2-3 time; With 5000 times of liquid sprayings of 72% agricultural streptomycin wetting powder, prevent and treat black rot and soft rot for 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 40% tpn wetting powder, prevent and treat black spot 1-2 time, with 750 times of liquid sprayings of 20% flumorph wetting powder, prevent and treat downy mildew 1 time;
H, timely collecting: in the sizing of leaf-head size, when consolidation reaches eighty per cant, can gather.
2. a kind of head cabbage implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described head cabbage organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special is mixed rear granulation and is formed by urea 35-45 part, MAP 9-11 part, potassium sulfate 14-16 part, borax 1-2 part, offal fertilizer 30-35 part.
3. a kind of head cabbage implantation methods according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described offal fertilizer is mixed by 1 part of 100 parts of offal, decomposing agent, water to water content 50%-60%, pile the fermentation heap of high 1-1.5 rice, wide 2-2.5 rice, length 3-10 rice, and in heap, get through pore with rod, control temperature at 50 ℃-60 ℃, when temperature surpasses 60 ℃, carry out turning processing, after spontaneous fermentation 40-60 days, water content obtains 30% time.
4. a kind of head cabbage implantation methods according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described decomposing agent is good fortune shellfish, customization, banyan maple microbial composite bacteria.
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