CN105594571A - Light culture medium and method thereof for cultivating olive seedlings - Google Patents
Light culture medium and method thereof for cultivating olive seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594571A CN105594571A CN201610020623.4A CN201610020623A CN105594571A CN 105594571 A CN105594571 A CN 105594571A CN 201610020623 A CN201610020623 A CN 201610020623A CN 105594571 A CN105594571 A CN 105594571A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of forestry seedling cultivation and particularly relates to a light culture medium and a method thereof for cultivating olive seedlings. The light culture medium and the method thereof for cultivating the olive seedlings aim at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, the transplanting survival rate of cultivated olive seedlings is low, and root systems are poor. According to the technical scheme, the provided light culture medium is prepared from coconut chaff, vermiculite, organic fertilizer and water, and the olive seedlings are directly cultivated in a nutrient bowl by means of the light culture medium. The root systems of the olive seedlings cultivated through the method are tightly coiled in the nutrient bowl, and the root quality of the seedlings is good when the seedlings are taken out of a nursery garden. Tobacco powder is added in the organic fertilizer, the insect expelling effect is effectively achieved, and the quality of the seedlings is high when the seedlings are taken out of the nursery garden. Meanwhile, the light culture medium is used, transportation is convenient, and transportation cost is low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to forestry nursery stock and cultivate field, a kind of method that is specifically related to light matrix and cultivates olive seedling.
Technical background
Olive (OleaEuropaea.) belongs to Oleaceae Osmanthus aiphyllium, is that world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is held concurrently really with seeds,Cultivar has higher edibility, containing enriching kind of high-quality edible plant oil---olive oil, is famous subtropical fruit tree and important warpJi forest, is mainly distributed in Mediterranean Region, as: Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain etc. Countries in the world are equal nowIntroducing and planting. Before nineteen fifty, there is few olive to import China into, in Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan, Gansu, Sichuan, Chongqing etc.Plant. 1956-1962 is put into country and introduces a fine variety plan, successively introduces nursery stock 1800 strains and portion by the Soviet Union, AlbaniaDivide seed. 1964, under Premier Zhou Enlai shows loving care in person, introduce a fine variety olive 10000 strains, carry out extensive experiment in cultivation.From 1973, in the region of preliminary successful introduction, the cultivation of progressively developping production, had larger rule in its suitable planting districtThe plantation of mould.
Along with living standards of the people progressively improve, increasing to demand top grade, nourishing olive oil. But ChinaOlive oil output can not meet people's demand far away at present. And olive oil price also increases substantially. Given this, in recent years,The scale of olive plantation is also increasing, and the supply of high-quality seedling is always very in short supply, is difficult to meet the needs in market.This area is badly in need of developing the new breeding method that high quality oils olive seedling can be provided in a large number at present.
In prior art, seedling culture is generally first to carry out cuttage, has three kinds of modes to process: (1) after cuttage seeding is taken rootDirectly be transplanted in soil; (2) cuttage seeding after taking root being packed into nutrient bag puts and in the time growing to 1 meter of left and right, goes out in the ground garden; (3)Packing the cuttage seeding after taking root into nutrient bag changes nutritive cube again and goes out garden when growing to 1 meter of left and right wait growing to 50-60 centimetre. These three kindsProcessing mode all respectively has very large shortcoming, when method (1) goes out garden, is bare-root seeding substantially, and when transplant planting, survival rate is very low; SideMethod (2) Nutrition Soil that nutrient bag fills can not meet young plant late growing stage and cause a lot of young plant main roots to be pricked in the earth outside bag, transplantsTime root system poor quality; Meanwhile, the use of nutrient bag can cause serious environmental pollution; Method (2) has increased from nutrient bag and has proceeded toThe operation of nutritive cube, can break fibrous root when transfer, and root system is of poor quality, has increased manpower and materials simultaneously. In addition educate for above-mentioned three kinds,Seedling-growing method is all relevant with soil, contains a large amount of weed seeds in soil, and manage and protect stage weeding meeting and consume a large amount of manpower and materials,The use of disposable nutrient bag has also increased cost greatly, is not suitable for growing seedlings of scale.
To sum up, there are a lot of shortcomings in the breeding method of prior art olive: first, adopt soil incubation nursery stock, be subject to soilThe impact of the performances such as quality, nutrient content, gas permeability, plant percent is lower; Secondly, in prior art, first train with nutrient bagEducate, then proceed in nutritive cube and cultivate, transplanting process is very easily broken root system, and is bare-root seeding while going out garden, the poor quality of transplanted seedling,Root system development is bad, occurs more not blooming, the phenomenon of not bearing fruit after transplanting, and very affects economic well-being of workers and staff. Moreover, soil trainingEducate and need to consume a large amount of soil, cause environmental disruption, cost of labor, the cost of transportation of soil incubation nursery stock are high.
For the shortcoming of olive soil incubation, suddenly wait to find a kind of method of directly it being cultivated by matrix. Light matrix isBy fermentation or the mixture of the light body mineral matter composition such as the agriculture and forestry organic waste material processed of charing and peat, perlite, vermiculite. ItExcept general medium characteristics, also have light loose feature concurrently, if can make the light matrix of suitable olive seedling culture, adoptDirectly grow seedlings in conjunction with nutritive cube by light matrix, solve the shortcoming existing in olive conventional seedbed system method, will be to promoting oily oliveThe industry development of olive seedling large-scale cultivation produces great impact, has very strong realistic meaning and economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide that a kind of cost is low, easy to operate, survival rateThe olive seedling culture method high, seedlings root is good. The method is not used nutrient bag, utilizes light matrix directly in nutritive cubeCultivate olive seedling, the root system of olive seedling is tightly spiraled in nutritive cube, while going out garden, root system quality is good, in realityIn production process, only need to from nutritive cube, transplant, operation is simple, on olive nursery industry, has before good applicationScape.
A kind of method that the technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is to provide light matrix cultivates olive seedling, comprise withLower step:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
The olive seedling of cuttage root-taking is directly transplanted in the nutritive cube that light matrix is housed;
It is formulated that described light matrix is that coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer add water;
B, olive seedling culture:
Applied fertilizer every 10～15 days, fully carry out moisture supply; Carry out pest management seedling stage; High 15～the 25cm of seedlingTime determine major branch, prune side shoot, when high 40～60cm, hold up straight; When height of seedling 100～120cm, leading thread 0.8～1.0cm, go outGarden, the time is 6～8 months.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, the weight ratio of described light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite:Fertilizer=5～6 ﹕ 2～3 ﹕ 2.
Preferably, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, the weight ratio of described light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite:Fertilizer=5 ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal are by weight 6～8﹕ 2～4 becomes thoroughly decomposed to ferment and forms.
Preferably, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal are by weight 7﹕ 3 becomes thoroughly decomposed to ferment and forms.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described light water content of substrate is 50～70%.
Second technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of light matrix of cultivating olive seedling, comprises following component:Meter by weight, 5～6 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 2～3 parts of vermiculites, 2 parts of fertilizers.
Preferably, the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, comprises following component: meter by weight, 5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, leech3 parts, stone, 2 parts of fertilizers.
Wherein, in the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is cow dung and offal 6～8 ﹕ 2～4 by weightThe fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms.
Preferably, in the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal become thoroughly decomposed by weight 7 ﹕ 3Fermentation forms.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: do not use nutrient bag, directly pack the new of coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer preparation into nutritive cubeThe light matrix of type is cultivated olive seedling, and the olive seedlings root of cultivation is tightly spiraled in nutritive cube,, in light matrix, adds meanwhileEnter offal, can disperse the insect in soil, reduced the damage of insect to olive seedlings root in soil, root when seedling goes out gardenBe that quality is good. Breeding method of the present invention, does not use traditional soil, can not be subject to the soil texture, nutrient content, gas permeability etc.The impact of performance, plant percent is high, in transportation, is light matrix due to what select, and convenient transportation, greatly reducesCost of transportation.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method that light matrix is cultivated olive seedling, comprise the following steps:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
The olive seedling of cuttage root-taking is directly transplanted in the nutritive cube that light matrix is housed;
It is formulated that described light matrix is that coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer add water;
B, olive seedling culture:
Applied fertilizer every 10～15 days, fully carry out moisture supply; Carry out pest management seedling stage; High 15～the 25cm of seedlingTime determine major branch, prune side shoot, when high 40～60cm, hold up straight; When height of seedling 100～120cm, leading thread 0.8～1.0cm, go outGarden, the time is 6～8 months.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described coconut palm chaff is cocoanut husk fiber dust, described leechStone be a kind of natural, nontoxic, under high temperature action dilatable mineral, described fertilizer is farmers''s decomposed manure.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, the weight ratio of described light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite:Fertilizer=5～6 ﹕ 2～3 ﹕ 2.
Preferably, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, the weight ratio of described light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite:Fertilizer=5 ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal are by weight 6～8﹕ 2～4 becomes thoroughly decomposed to ferment and forms.
Preferably, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal are by weight 7﹕ 3 becomes thoroughly decomposed to ferment and forms.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described light water content of substrate is 50～70%, with holding soilCan be agglomerating, touch slightly loose.
Wherein, in the method step a of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, the olive seedling of described cuttage root-taking is to have after cuttageArticle 6～8, the full olive seedling of main root, branch length 4～6cm and bud.
Second technical problem that the present invention will solve is to provide a kind of light matrix of cultivating olive seedling, comprises following component:Meter by weight, 5～6 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 2～3 parts of vermiculites, 2 parts of fertilizers.
Preferably, the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, comprises following component: meter by weight, 5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, leech3 parts, stone, 2 parts of fertilizers.
Wherein, in the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is cow dung and offal 6～8 ﹕ 2～4 by weightThe fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed forms.
Preferably, in the light matrix of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilizer is that cow dung and offal become thoroughly decomposed by weight 7 ﹕ 3Fermentation forms.
Wherein, in the method step b of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described fertilising is: seedling is taken out before the tip, foliage spray oneThe urea liquid of inferior 0.1～0.2wt%, ensures that blade face is moistening; Seedling is taken out after the tip, the phosphoric acid of foliage spray 0.1～0.2wt%Potassium dihydrogen solution, fertilising is carried out between the lights, forbids to apply fertilizer when high temperature at noon.
Wherein, in the method step b of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described moisture is supplied as: adopt sprinkling irrigation way, by waterDivide and be uniformly distributed in the nutrition soil layer of seedling root activity, irrigate normal root water while just transplanting, the initial stage of transplanting seedlings, appropriate duty was watered, 2～3 days once, and the seedling fast-growing phase waters on a small quantity, and 5～7 days once, and the growth later stage will be controlled and water, and 10～15 days once, eachWaters and all Nutrition Soil is irrigated, and it is unobstructed to carry out nursery lot internal drainage ditch, find that there is ponding and arrange immediately stain, accomplish interior water long-pending,Outer water does not flood.
Wherein, in the method step b of above-mentioned cultivation olive seedling, described pest management is: seedling is taken out of that month of the tip,Monthly once prevent and treat: 1. with the carbendazim aqueous solution of 1000～1200 times of dilutions or the tetramethyl thiophanate of 800～1000 timesThe aqueous solution sprays blade face, carries out sterilization; 2. simultaneously, spray leaf with the efficient fluorine Cypermethrin aqueous solution of 1200～2000 times of dilutionsFace, carries out desinsection.
Light matrix provided by the invention is cultivated the method for olive seedling, and concrete operations are as follows:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
By weight coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: ﹕ 2～3 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=5～6 take raw material, fertilizer by cow dung and offal by weightBecome thoroughly decomposed to ferment than 6～8 ﹕ 2～4 and form. Add water appropriate, mix thoroughly with mixer, making light water content of substrate is 50～70%, usesHolding soil can be agglomerating, slightly faling apart for well of touching;
In nutritive cube, pack above-mentioned light matrix into 1/3 place of nutritive cube and build reality, choosing the olive seedling of cuttage root-taking, willIn the middle of it is placed on, a hand-held seedling, unfolds root system and the light matrix of remainder is inserted on the other hand, with native face lower than nutritive cube 1.0～2.0cm is advisable, and irrigates normal root water, has put up sunshade net.
Nutritive cube selects bottom and side all to have the nutritive cube in hole, and volume does not grow as good with root in incubation;
B, olive seedling culture:
Treat that cuttage seeding postponed a deadline to remove sunshade net, take out in a large number the tip and start fertilising, within every 10～15 days, use fertilizer one time, fully carry outMoisture supply is pruned and is determined major branch in the time growing into 15～25cm, and each month pruned a side shoot; Wait to be grown in 40～60cmShi Jinhang holds up directly, and height of seedling 100～120cm (not containing container height), fibrous root go out garden while closely spiraling in nutritive cube, and the time is6～8 months.
The present invention selects coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer to prepare light matrix, and coconut palm chaff is cocoanut husk fiber dust, is the coconut palm after processingThe ferment organic medium of a kind of pure natural forming of sub-accessory substance or discarded object, coconut palm chaff surface porosity is ventilative, is conducive to oliveThe formation of seedlings root and growth; Vermiculite be a kind of natural, nontoxic, under high temperature action dilatable mineral, belong to silicate,Its crystal structure is monoclinic system, has chesson, good permeability, and the feature such as water absorbing force is strong, and variations in temperature is little, is conducive toThe growth of olive seedling; Fertilizer is selected cow dung and offal to become thoroughly decomposed and is formed, and also can reach expelling parasite in the time that enough nutrition is providedEffect. In the present invention, above-mentioned raw material are prepared according to the ratio of optimum olive growth of seedling, made light matrix, forThe growth of olive provides to have put down enriches comprehensive nutrition, only need apply potash fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer while cultivating olive seedling again, withTime, the present invention uses light matrix, can not sneak into weed seed, in the process of cultivating, can, without weeding, save manpower and materials;The more traditional soil of coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer is light a lot, is conducive to transplanting and the transhipment of olive seedling, greatly reduces fortuneDefeated cost.
In the present invention by the young seedling direct transplantation of cuttage root-taking to nutritive cube, avoided the use of nutrient bag, reduced seedlingBe transplanted to the operation of nutritive cube from nutrient bag, when using manpower and material resources sparingly, also reduced environmental pollution; In addition, due to nutrient bagThe soil of dress is less, and when growth of seedling is vigorous, fibrous root is easy to puncture nutrient bag growth, and fibrous root when transplanting outside nutrient bag holds very muchEasily fractureed, caused out the seedlings root poor quality in garden; And use when nutritive cube, fibrous root can not worn out nutritive cube growth, andBe spiraling in nutritive cube tightly, when transplanting, transport together with nutritive cube, substantially there will not be the phenomenon of the root system that fractures, go outGarden quality is high. What in this test, nutritive cube was selected is the nutritive cube that bottom and sidepiece are equipped with opening, and coconut palm chaff, vermiculite itself are breathed freelyProperty is good, then cultivates in conjunction with this nutritive cube, and water-permeable and air permeable is good, very favourable to the root growth of olive seedling, thisWhen the olive seedling that bright technical scheme is cultivated goes out garden, root system is many and close, remove alms bowl after Nutrition Soil loose, the group's of formation root, bare-root seeding numberAmount greatly declines.
The light matrix nutrition of the present invention's preparation is comprehensive, and the coconut palm chaff material of selecting is loose, is conducive to the conveying of moisture and fertilizer, seedlingRoot system quality is good, has further promoted the absorption of nutrient. The olive seedling that uses the inventive method to cultivate, seedling goes out the garden timeUse that traditional soil grows seedlings to go out the garden time short by 50%, greatly shortened growing-seedling period, improved breeding efficiency.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described further, but does not represent protection domain to be limited in embodiment modelIn enclosing.
Embodiment 1 uses the technology of the present invention method to cultivate olive seedling
In the present embodiment, light matrix is by coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=5 are formulated, and fertilizer is by cow dung and offalBecome thoroughly decomposed to ferment by weight 7 ﹕ 3 and form.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
Coconut palm chaff by weight: vermiculite: ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=5 take raw material, add water appropriate, mix thoroughly with mixer, make light baseMatter water content reaches 50～70%;
In nutritive cube, pack light matrix into 1/3 place of nutritive cube and build reality, choosing the olive seedling of cuttage root-taking, being putPut in centre, a hand-held seedling, on the other hand unfolds root system and the light matrix of remainder is inserted, with native face lower than nutritive cube 1.0～2.0cmBe advisable, irrigate normal root water, put up sunshade net. Nutritive cube use specification for 12cm high, diameter 8cm, bottom has 4Permeable hole;
B, olive seedling culture:
Treat that cuttage seeding postponed a deadline to remove sunshade net (approximately 7 days), take out in a large number the tip (approximately 20 days) and start fertilising, within every 15～20 days, executeWith a fertilizer, fully carry out moisture supply, in the time growing into 20cm left and right, to prune and determine major branch, each month prunes onceSide shoot; With entering one meter of left and right of No. 12 iron wires (the iron wire upper end application curved half-turn of pliers in case nursery stock management or hurt sb.'s feelings while going out garden)Row is held up straight, and height of seedling 100～120cm, fibrous root go out garden while closely spiraling in nutritive cube.
Fertilizer management: seedling is taken out before the tip, every 10～15 days urea liquids to a 0.1wt% of foliage spray, ensures blade faceMoistening; Seedling is taken out after the tip, and every two weeks is to foliage-spray 0.1wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fertilising is carried out between the lights, tightProhibit at noon and apply fertilizer when high temperature.
Water management: adopt sprinkling irrigation way, moisture is uniformly distributed in the nutrition soil layer of seedling root activity, while just transplantingIrrigate normal root water, the initial stage of transplanting seedlings, appropriate duty was watered, and 2～3 days are once, and the seedling fast-growing phase should repeatedly water on a small quantity, and 5～7 days are once,The growth later stage will be controlled and water, and 10～15 days once, waters and all Nutrition Soil is irrigated at every turn, and carry out nursery lot internal drainage and link upFreely, find that there is ponding and arrange immediately stain, accomplish that interior water is not long-pending, outer water does not flood.
Prune and manage: within one month after taking out the tip in a large number, can send many side shoots, for improving as early as possible the height of seedling and increasing photosynthesisWith hand, sprouting erased but can not injure Lao Ye, highly reached 30 centimeters after 3 months time, no Lao Ye secateurs can be cut,Monthly prune once later, but note ensureing the tree type after field planting, can only prune 50 centimeters of following side shoots, in the time of seven monthThere is part young plant to look while reaching soon 100 centimeters, now the seedling of high 80～90 centimeters should be removed to top, promote collateral generation,Reach surely dry requirement, can ensure out like this garden height and tree-like basically identical.
Main diseases insect pest in seedling stage: damping-off, root rot class, aphid, leafeating insect class.
The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: take out the tip first month carbendazim solution of 1000 times seedling and spray blade face, after one month with 800 timesTetramethyl thiophanate spray solution blade face, these two kinds are used alternatingly, and monthly use the efficient fluorine chlorine of 1200 times in the time taking out the tip one monthHydrogen chrysanthemum ester solution sprays the anti-aphid in blade face, leafeating insect.
Embodiment 2 uses the technology of the present invention method to cultivate olive seedling
In the present embodiment, light matrix is by coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: ﹕ 2 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=6 are formulated, and fertilizer is by cow dung and offalBecome thoroughly decomposed to ferment by weight 8 ﹕ 2 and form.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
Coconut palm chaff by weight: vermiculite: ﹕ 2 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=6 take raw material, add water appropriate, mix thoroughly with mixer, make light baseMatter water content reaches 50～70%;
In nutritive cube, pack light matrix into 1/3 place of nutritive cube and build reality, choosing the olive seedling of cuttage root-taking, being putPut in centre, a hand-held seedling, on the other hand unfolds root system and the light matrix of remainder is inserted, with native face lower than nutritive cube 1.0～2.0cmBe advisable, irrigate normal root water, put up sunshade net. Nutritive cube use specification for 12cm high, diameter 8cm, bottom has 4Permeable hole;
B, olive seedling culture:
Treat that cuttage seeding postponed a deadline to remove sunshade net (approximately 7 days), take out in a large number the tip (approximately 20 days) and start fertilising, within every 15～20 days, executeWith a fertilizer, fully carry out moisture supply, in the time growing into 20cm left and right, to prune and determine major branch, each month prunes onceSide shoot; With entering one meter of left and right of No. 12 iron wires (the iron wire upper end application curved half-turn of pliers in case nursery stock management or hurt sb.'s feelings while going out garden)Row is held up straight, and height of seedling 100～120cm, fibrous root go out garden while closely spiraling in nutritive cube.
Water management, fertilizer management, pruning management and pest management are with embodiment 1.
In comparative example 3 fertilizers, do not add offal to cultivate olive seedling
In the present embodiment, light matrix is by coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=5 are formulated, fertilizer is by the cow dung fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposedForm, do not add offal.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
Coconut palm chaff by weight: vermiculite: ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2 in fertilizer=5 take raw material, add water appropriate, mix thoroughly with mixer, make light baseMatter water content reaches 50～70%;
In nutritive cube, pack light matrix into 1/3 place of nutritive cube and build reality, choosing the olive seedling of cuttage root-taking, being putPut in centre, a hand-held seedling, on the other hand unfolds root system and the light matrix of remainder is inserted, with native face lower than nutritive cube 1.0～2.0cmBe advisable, irrigate normal root water, put up sunshade net. Nutritive cube use specification for 12cm high, diameter 8cm, bottom has 4Permeable hole;
B, olive seedling culture:
Treat that cuttage seeding postponed a deadline to remove sunshade net (approximately 7 days), take out in a large number the tip (approximately 20 days) and start fertilising, within every 15～20 days, executeWith a fertilizer, fully carry out moisture supply, in the time growing into 20cm left and right, to prune and determine major branch, each month prunes onceSide shoot; With entering one meter of left and right of No. 12 iron wires (the iron wire upper end application curved half-turn of pliers in case nursery stock management or hurt sb.'s feelings while going out garden)Row is held up straight, and height of seedling 100～120cm, fibrous root go out garden while closely spiraling in nutritive cube.
Water management, fertilizer management, pruning management and pest management are with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 4 is used traditional soil incubation olive seedling
Wherein, except light matrix substitutes with equivalent soil, all the other steps are all identical with embodiment 1.
Concrete operation step is as follows:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
In nutritive cube, pack soil into 1/3 place of nutritive cube and build reality, choosing the olive seedling of cuttage root-taking, by its placementIn centre, a hand-held seedling, unfolds root system and remaining soil is inserted on the other hand, be advisable lower than nutritive cube 1.0～2.0cm with native face,Irrigate normal root water, put up sunshade net. Nutritive cube use specification for 12cm high, diameter 8cm, bottom has 4 permeable holes;
B, olive seedling culture:
Treat that cuttage seeding postponed a deadline to remove sunshade net (approximately 7 days), take out in a large number the tip (approximately 20 days) and start fertilising, within every 15～20 days, executeWith a fertilizer, fully carry out moisture supply, in the time growing into 20cm left and right, to prune and determine major branch, each month prunes onceSide shoot; With entering one meter of left and right of No. 12 iron wires (the iron wire upper end application curved half-turn of pliers in case nursery stock management or hurt sb.'s feelings while going out garden)Row is held up straight, and height of seedling 100～120cm, fibrous root go out garden while closely spiraling in nutritive cube.
Water management, fertilizer management, pruning management and pest management are with embodiment 1.
The olive seedling situation that each embodiment and comparative example are cultivated is as shown in table 1 below:
The result of table 1 different experiments method
Experimental result shows: cultivate olive seedling by technical solution of the present invention, can greatly shorten seedling raise period, when seedling goes out gardenBetween short; Meanwhile, the root system of transplanted seedling is many and close, spirals closely in nutritive cube, when transplanting, remove nutritive cube after Nutrition Soil notLoose, can transplant with seedling, improve transplanted seedling survival rate; The average plant height of transplanted seedling after 1 year is also better than using traditional soilGrow seedlings. The method of olive being grown seedlings in conjunction with nutritive cube with light Culture media in the present invention, has a good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. light matrix is cultivated a method for olive seedling, comprises the following steps:
A, olive seedling dress alms bowl:
The olive seedling of cuttage root-taking is directly transplanted in the nutritive cube that light matrix is housed;
It is formulated that described light matrix is that coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and fertilizer add water;
B, olive seedling culture:
Applied fertilizer every 10～15 days, fully carry out moisture supply; Carry out pest management seedling stage; High 15～the 25cm of seedlingTime determine major branch, prune side shoot, when high 40～60cm, hold up straight; When height of seedling 100～120cm, leading thread 0.8～1.0cm, go outGarden, the time is 6～8 months.
2. the method that light matrix according to claim 1 is cultivated olive seedling, is characterized in that: described in step aThe weight ratio of light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: fertilizer=5～6 ﹕ 2～3 ﹕ 2.
3. the method that light matrix according to claim 2 is cultivated olive seedling, is characterized in that: described in step aThe weight ratio of light matrix is: coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: fertilizer=5 ﹕ 3 ﹕ 2.
4. the method that light matrix according to claim 1 is cultivated olive seedling, is characterized in that: described in step aTo be cow dung and offal form by weight 6～8 ﹕ 2～4 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fertilizer.
5. the method that light matrix according to claim 4 is cultivated olive seedling, is characterized in that: described in step aTo be cow dung and offal form by weight 7 ﹕ 3 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fertilizer.
6. the method that light matrix according to claim 1 is cultivated olive seedling, is characterized in that: described in step aLight water content of substrate is 50～70%.
7. a light matrix of cultivating olive seedling, is characterized in that: comprise following component: meter by weight, and coconut palm chaff 5～6 parts, 2～3 parts of vermiculites, 2 parts of fertilizers.
8. the light matrix of cultivation olive seedling according to claim 7, is characterized in that: comprise following component: by heavyAmount umber meter, 5 parts of coconut palm chaffs, 3 parts of vermiculites, 2 parts of fertilizers.
9. according to the light matrix of the cultivation olive seedling described in claim 7 or 8 any one, it is characterized in that: described organicTo be cow dung and offal form by weight 6～8 ﹕ 2～4 fermentation of becoming thoroughly decomposed fertilizer.
10. the light matrix of cultivation olive seedling according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described fertilizer is cow dungBecome thoroughly decomposed to ferment by weight 7 ﹕ 3 with offal and form.
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| CN110558071A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-13 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Cutting seedling method for olive twigs |
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