CN107996242A - A kind of Moringa container seedling culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera, which comprises seed treatment, sand bed germination acceleration, selection of nutrient cups, preparation of seedling raising substrates, transplanting seedlings into cups, management at seedling stage and nursery stock out-of-field procedures. The seeds of Moringa oleifera are soaked and sterilized After the treatment, the germination was accelerated on a sand bed, and after the seeds germinated, they were transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup equipped with a matrix, and qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings were obtained through management at the seedling stage. The invention has the advantages of convenient material collection, simple operation and low cost; it can be out of the nursery within 1 to 2 months of general cultivation, and the cultivated Moringa oleifera seedlings have well-developed root system, neat and strong growth, and a nutrient cup is used during afforestation without damaging the roots, which can greatly improve the quality of Moringa oleifera The survival rate and growth rate of wood afforestation have good economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Moringa oleifera in containers.

Background technique

Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam) is a fast-growing tropical tree species of Moringa family Moringa, native to India and Africa. The whole plant of Moringa oleifera is edible, and it is nutritious and comprehensive. The edible parts of Moringa oleifera mainly include leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and roots. Moringa leaves contain about 30% crude protein, the total amino acid content reaches 20%, and there are 17 types. The sprouts, leaves and tender pods are delicious vegetables; Moringa flowers can be added to salads as seasonings, and can also be used as Soup or health tea raw material; Moringa is also rich in a variety of minerals, vitamins and pharmacologically active ingredients, which have the functions of regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, enhancing human immunity, and inhibiting viruses and bacteria. Moringa seeds are rich in oil, and its physical and chemical properties are very similar to tea oil and olive oil. The leaves and twigs of Moringa oleifera have high protein content, and the content of oil cake after oil extraction from seeds is as high as 60%, which can still be used for feed processing; it has been widely used in feed for ruminants, monogastric animals and aquatic animals abroad . In addition, both Moringa oil residue and seed kernel powder are very rich in protein, which can be used for the precipitation of organic and inorganic particles, such as water purification, clarification of vegetable oil, and fiber precipitation in the beverage and beer industry. Therefore Moringa is also known as the "magic tree".

In recent years, with the continuous deepening of people's research on Moringa, its nutritional value, edible value, medicinal value and industrial value have been paid more and more attention. In 2011, it was listed as a new resource food by my country. Moringa has strong adaptability, quick output and high comprehensive value.

At present, the development of Moringa industry has been promoted to an unprecedented height, therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of seedling production. Moringa seedlings are generally propagated by seeds, which can be divided into bare root and container seedlings. Although it can also be cut, it is not easy to root, and the survival rate is low, and the root system of cutting seedlings is not as deep as that of seed seedlings, which is not conducive to water retention and later growth. Compared with cutting and bare root seedlings, container seedlings have the advantages of saving seeds and neat seedlings , Improve the survival rate of afforestation and so on. After nearly two years of experiments and comparisons, using mixed substrates to carry out Moringa oleifera container seedling cultivation, seedling growth, quality and survival rate after afforestation can all achieve good expected results, which is of great significance to the industrial development of Moringa oleifera.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings in Moringa container seedlings with sufficient nutrient supply, long fertilizer effect, undamaged seedlings, and fast growth of seedlings.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera, comprising seed treatment, germination on sand bed, selection of nutrient cups, preparation of seedling raising substrate, transplanting seedlings into cups, management at seedling stage, and nursery stock out-of-the-field procedures. After seed soaking and disinfection treatment of Moringa oleifera seeds, sand Bed germination, after the seeds germinate, they are transplanted into non-woven nutrition cups equipped with substrates, and qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings are obtained through seedling management. The main operation steps are as follows:

(1) Seed treatment: Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18- 24h; then rinse the seeds with clean water and set aside;

(2) Sand bed germination: 1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly leveled. Cover the sand surface with a layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand, drench with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand should be kept damp but not wet;

(3) Selection of nutrition cups: use degradable non-woven seedling bags with a size of 10cm×12cm as the nutrition cups;

(4) Substrate preparation: use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a certain proportion and fully mix them as raw materials for the substrate, and fill the nutrition cup for later use;

(5) Transfer the seedlings to the cup: Disinfect the substrate in the nutrition cup before transplanting the seedlings. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand without hurting any part of the seedlings, and then use a small wooden Insert a small hole in the substrate with a stick, put in the sprouts, gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it thoroughly with fungicide;

(6) Seedling stage management: After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray 70% of thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid low-toxicity fungicide every 5-7 days, and observe insect pests at any time, and spray pesticides in time; The substrate should be moist, but not too much to prevent root rot; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60-80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 When the leaves are formed, start to spray the compound fertilizer on the roots of the seedlings, and spray the foliage fertilizer to the leaves regularly;

(7) Seedlings out of the nursery: Harden the seedlings 20-30 days before the nursery, drench with water 1 day before the nursery, select the Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases for afforestation.

The mass concentration of the soaking solution described in the above step (1) is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim: salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water; in the above step (2) The sand bed is a germination bed built with red bricks on a flat ground close to the water source and calm wind in the nursery, with a width and height of about 5m × 1m × 0.25m, and clean river sand is put into it, with a thickness of 10-15cm. .

The raw materials of the matrix described in the above step (4) and their volume ratios are yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer = 2:2:0.5:0.03; wherein the calcium magnesium phosphorus in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer The total active ingredients are ≥ 16%; the nutritional cups are closely placed in a nursery field with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to water sources according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

The matrix disinfection described in the above step (5) is to disinfect the matrix in the nutrition cup with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water; the fungicide is 50% 800 to 1000 times solution of carbendazim.

The compound fertilizer described in the above step (6) is a compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%; the foliage fertilizer is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%.

The hardening described in the above step (7) is to uncover the sunshade net and film, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, so as to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of afforestation.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1, the seedling raising matrix in the Moringa oleifera container seedling raising method of the present invention is formulated according to the physiological characteristics of Moringa oleifera, adopts yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as the seedling raising matrix, and the matrix has good water retention and air permeability, and It can increase organic matter and have long fertilizer effect; at the same time, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is mixed into the substrate, which reasonably meets the growth demand of Moringa oleifera seedlings for fertilizer; it is convenient to obtain materials, easy to prepare, easy to operate, less consumables, and low cost.

2, the present invention has carried out soaking solution soaking pretreatment process to seed, and the soaking solution that adopts is prepared according to the germination characteristic of Moringa oleifera seed, not only can play the effect of sterilization and antibacterial, can also reduce enzyme activity, has promoted seed germination, improves Seed germination rate, but also help to improve disease resistance, increase emergence rate.

3, the present invention selects seedling to begin to germinate, and transplants seedling and go up cup when cotyledon just unfolded, is because the Moringa oleifera seedling maturity degree when cotyledon just unfolded is best, improves seedling survival rate.

4. The material of the nutrition cup used in the present invention is a degradable non-woven fabric, which can save time and effort by removing the nutrition cup when afforestation.

5. The present invention can be cultivated for 1 to 2 months to go out of the nursery. The cultivated Moringa seedlings have well-developed root system and strong growth. When afforestation, a nutrient cup is used to avoid root damage, which can greatly improve the survival rate and growth rate of Moringa oleifera afforestation.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

In July 2015, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18 hours; then rinse the seeds with clean water Clean and stand-by; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim: salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 50% carbendazim 800 solution.

After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray thiophanate-methyl 800 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% once every 5 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to spray quality Concentration is 0.5% compound fertilizer solution containing NPK, and regularly spraying mass concentration is 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to blade.

Uncover the sunshade net and film 20 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of the afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The emergence rate reached 92.5%, and the survey survival rate reached 93.8% after half a year of afforestation.

Example 2:

In July 2016, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Use clear water to remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 20 hours; The seeds are rinsed and ready to use; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim:salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 50% carbendazim 800 solution.

After the transplanted seedlings survived, spray thiophanate-methyl 800 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% every 6 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 70% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to spray quality Concentration is 0.8% compound fertilizer solution containing NPK, and regularly spraying mass concentration is 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to blade.

Uncover the sunshade net and film 25 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance resistance and increase the vitality of afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The rate of nursery emergence reached 95%, and the survey survival rate reached 96% after half a year of afforestation.

Example 3:

In November 2016, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Use clean water to remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 24 hours; The seeds are rinsed and ready to use; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim:salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 1000 times carbendazim with a mass concentration of 50%.

After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray thiophanate-methyl 1000 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% every 7 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to drench the roots of the seedlings A compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a concentration of 1.0%, and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% are regularly sprayed to the leaves.

Uncover the sunshade net and film 30 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of the afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The rate of nursery emergence reached 93%, and the survey survival rate reached 95% after half a year of afforestation.

Claims (7)

1. a Moringa container seedling raising method, it is characterized in that: comprise seed treatment, sand bed vernalization, nutrition cup is selected, seedling-raising substrate preparation, transplant seedling upper cup, seedling stage management and nursery stock go out the nursery process, by carrying out seed soaking to Moringa seed 1. After the disinfection treatment, carry out germination on the sand bed, transplant the seeds to a non-woven nutrition cup equipped with a substrate after germination, and obtain qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings through seedling management. The main steps are as follows: (1) Seed treatment: Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18- 24h; then rinse the seeds with clean water and set aside; (2) Sand bed germination: 1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly leveled. Cover the sand surface with a layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand, drench with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand should be kept damp but not wet; (3) Selection of nutrition cups: use degradable non-woven seedling bags with a size of 10cm×12cm as the nutrition cups; (4) Substrate preparation: use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a certain proportion and fully mix them as raw materials for the substrate, and fill the nutrition cup for later use; (5) Transfer the seedlings to the cup: Disinfect the substrate in the nutrition cup before transplanting the seedlings. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand without hurting any part of the seedlings, and then use a small wooden Insert a small hole in the substrate with a stick, put in the sprouts, gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it thoroughly with fungicide; (6) Seedling stage management: After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray 70% of thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid low-toxicity fungicide every 5-7 days, and observe insect pests at any time, and spray pesticides in time; The substrate should be moist, but not too much to prevent root rot; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60-80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 When the leaves are formed, start to spray the compound fertilizer on the roots of the seedlings, and spray the foliage fertilizer to the leaves regularly; (7) Seedlings out of the nursery: Harden the seedlings 20-30 days before the nursery, drench with water 1 day before the nursery, select the Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases for afforestation. 2. A method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the soaking solution described in step (1) is 50%, and the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: multi-bacteria Spirit: salicylic acid = 2:1, the rest is water. 3. A method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sand bed described in step (2) grows with red bricks on a flat ground close to the water source and calm wind in the nursery field, A germination bed with a width and height of about 5m×1m×0.25m is filled with clean river sand with a thickness of 10-15cm. 4. The method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials of the substrate described in step (4) and their volume ratios are yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coir peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium Magnesium phosphate fertilizer=2:2:0.5:0.03; wherein the total active ingredient of calcium magnesium phosphorus in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is more than or equal to 16%; the nutrition cups are closely placed on the ground according to the specifications of each border width 1m and length 10-12m In a flat, well-lit nursery near a water source. 5. A kind of Moringa oleifera container seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the matrix disinfection described in step (5) is that the potassium permanganate solution that mass concentration is 0.1% is used 1d before transplanting seedling to cup The matrix in the nutrition cup is disinfected and drenched with water; the bactericide is 800 to 1000 times of 50% carbendazim. 6. A method for raising seedlings in Moringa containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer described in step (6) is a compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%; The foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%. 7. The method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling hardening described in step (7) is to uncover the sunshade net and film, and gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer to improve Seedlings' ability to adapt to the environment, enhance resistance and improve afforestation vitality.