CN107996242A - A kind of Moringa container seedling culture method - Google Patents

A kind of Moringa container seedling culture method Download PDF

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CN107996242A
CN107996242A CN201711085355.5A CN201711085355A CN107996242A CN 107996242 A CN107996242 A CN 107996242A CN 201711085355 A CN201711085355 A CN 201711085355A CN 107996242 A CN107996242 A CN 107996242A
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seedlings
seedling
moringa
seeds
moringa oleifera
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陈金艳
曾祥艳
廖健明
梁文汇
陆青莲
陈剑成
玉桂成
沙国新
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Hunan Academy of Forestry
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种辣木容器育苗方法,包括种子处理、沙床催芽、营养杯选用、育苗基质配制、移苗上杯、苗期管理和苗木出圃工序,通过对辣木种子进行浸种、消毒处理后实施沙床催芽,待种子萌发后移植于装有基质的无纺布营养杯,通过苗期管理得到合格的辣木苗木。本发明取材方便,操作简单,成本低;一般培育1~2个月即可出圃,培育得到的辣木苗根系发达,生长整齐健壮,造林时带营养杯,不伤根,可大幅度提高辣木造林的成活率和生长量,具有较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。The invention discloses a container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera, which comprises seed treatment, sand bed germination acceleration, selection of nutrient cups, preparation of seedling raising substrates, transplanting seedlings into cups, management at seedling stage and nursery stock out-of-field procedures. The seeds of Moringa oleifera are soaked and sterilized After the treatment, the germination was accelerated on a sand bed, and after the seeds germinated, they were transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup equipped with a matrix, and qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings were obtained through management at the seedling stage. The invention has the advantages of convenient material collection, simple operation and low cost; it can be out of the nursery within 1 to 2 months of general cultivation, and the cultivated Moringa oleifera seedlings have well-developed root system, neat and strong growth, and a nutrient cup is used during afforestation without damaging the roots, which can greatly improve the quality of Moringa oleifera The survival rate and growth rate of wood afforestation have good economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

一种辣木容器育苗方法A kind of container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera

技术领域technical field

本发明属于植物繁殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种辣木容器育苗方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Moringa oleifera in containers.

背景技术Background technique

辣木(Moringa Oleifera Lam)为辣木科辣木属热带乔木速生树种,原产印度及非洲。辣木全株均可食用,并且营养丰富而全面,辣木的食用部位主要有叶、花、果、茎及根。辣木叶含30%左右的粗蛋白,氨基酸总含量达到20%,种类达到17 种,嫩芽、叶及嫩豆荚是美味的蔬菜;辣木花可作为调味料加入色拉中食用,也可作汤料或保健茶原料;辣木还富含多种矿物质、维生素和药理活性成分,具有调节人体血糖、血压和降低降胆固醇、增强人体免疫力、抑制病毒和病菌等功效。辣木种子中含有丰富的油脂,其物理性质和化学性质与茶油、橄榄油十分相似。辣木叶和幼枝蛋白质含量高,种子榨油提取油脂后的油饼中含量也高达60%左右,仍可用于饲料加工;在国外已广泛应用于反刍动物、单胃动物以及水产动物的饲料中。此外,辣木油渣和种仁粉均含有非常丰富的蛋白质,可用于有机、无机颗粒的沉淀,如水净化处理、植物油的澄清以及饮料与啤酒工业中纤维的沉淀。因此辣木又被誉为“神奇之树”。Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lam) is a fast-growing tropical tree species of Moringa family Moringa, native to India and Africa. The whole plant of Moringa oleifera is edible, and it is nutritious and comprehensive. The edible parts of Moringa oleifera mainly include leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and roots. Moringa leaves contain about 30% crude protein, the total amino acid content reaches 20%, and there are 17 types. The sprouts, leaves and tender pods are delicious vegetables; Moringa flowers can be added to salads as seasonings, and can also be used as Soup or health tea raw material; Moringa is also rich in a variety of minerals, vitamins and pharmacologically active ingredients, which have the functions of regulating blood sugar, blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, enhancing human immunity, and inhibiting viruses and bacteria. Moringa seeds are rich in oil, and its physical and chemical properties are very similar to tea oil and olive oil. The leaves and twigs of Moringa oleifera have high protein content, and the content of oil cake after oil extraction from seeds is as high as 60%, which can still be used for feed processing; it has been widely used in feed for ruminants, monogastric animals and aquatic animals abroad . In addition, both Moringa oil residue and seed kernel powder are very rich in protein, which can be used for the precipitation of organic and inorganic particles, such as water purification, clarification of vegetable oil, and fiber precipitation in the beverage and beer industry. Therefore Moringa is also known as the "magic tree".

近年来,随着人们对辣木研究的不断深入,其营养价值、食用价值、药用价值及工业价值日益受到重视,2011年被我国列为新资源食品。辣木适应性强,产出见效快,综合价值高。In recent years, with the continuous deepening of people's research on Moringa, its nutritional value, edible value, medicinal value and industrial value have been paid more and more attention. In 2011, it was listed as a new resource food by my country. Moringa has strong adaptability, quick output and high comprehensive value.

目前,发展辣木产业已提升到了前所未有的高度,因此,迫切需要解决苗木生产问题。辣木苗一般采用种子繁殖,种子繁殖可分裸根和容器育苗两种方式。虽也可扦插但不易生根,成活率低,而且扦插苗的根系没有种子实生苗深,不利于保水和后期生长,与扦插、裸根育苗方式相比,容器育苗具有节约用种量、苗木整齐、提高造林成活率等优点。经过近两年的试验和比较,采用混合基质开展辣木容器育苗,苗木长势、质量及造林后的成活率等都能够达到很好的预期效果,对辣木的产业开发具有重要的意义。At present, the development of Moringa industry has been promoted to an unprecedented height, therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of seedling production. Moringa seedlings are generally propagated by seeds, which can be divided into bare root and container seedlings. Although it can also be cut, it is not easy to root, and the survival rate is low, and the root system of cutting seedlings is not as deep as that of seed seedlings, which is not conducive to water retention and later growth. Compared with cutting and bare root seedlings, container seedlings have the advantages of saving seeds and neat seedlings , Improve the survival rate of afforestation and so on. After nearly two years of experiments and comparisons, using mixed substrates to carry out Moringa oleifera container seedling cultivation, seedling growth, quality and survival rate after afforestation can all achieve good expected results, which is of great significance to the industrial development of Moringa oleifera.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明为了克服现有技术的不足,提供了一种营养供给充足,肥效长,且苗木不易损伤,有助于苗木快速生长并且整齐的辣木容器苗育苗方法。In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for raising seedlings in Moringa container seedlings with sufficient nutrient supply, long fertilizer effect, undamaged seedlings, and fast growth of seedlings.

为了实现上述发明目的,本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种辣木容器育苗方法,包括种子处理、沙床催芽、营养杯选用、育苗基质配制、移苗上杯、苗期管理和苗木出圃工序,通过对辣木种子进行浸种、消毒处理后实施沙床催芽,待种子萌发后移植于装有基质的无纺布营养杯,通过苗期管理得到合格的辣木苗木,主要操作步骤如下:A container seedling raising method of Moringa oleifera, comprising seed treatment, germination on sand bed, selection of nutrient cups, preparation of seedling raising substrate, transplanting seedlings into cups, management at seedling stage, and nursery stock out-of-the-field procedures. After seed soaking and disinfection treatment of Moringa oleifera seeds, sand Bed germination, after the seeds germinate, they are transplanted into non-woven nutrition cups equipped with substrates, and qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings are obtained through seedling management. The main operation steps are as follows:

(1)种子处理:将当年采收的辣木种子清除杂质,去除颗粒不饱满、有虫害、缺陷的种子,保留饱满的种子;将选好的种子置于配好的浸泡液中浸泡18-24h;再用清水将种子冲洗干净,待用;(1) Seed treatment: Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18- 24h; then rinse the seeds with clean water and set aside;

(2)沙床催芽:催芽前1 d将沙床中的细河沙平整好,用质量浓度为0.2%的高锰酸钾溶液喷淋细河沙进行消毒处理;将处理好的种子均匀平铺沙面上,再覆盖一层2-3cm干净细河沙,淋透水进行层积催芽;细河沙与辣木种子的体积比为3:2,河沙含水量保持为潮而不湿;(2) Sand bed germination: 1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly leveled. Cover the sand surface with a layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand, drench with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand should be kept damp but not wet;

(3)营养杯选用:选用规格为10cm×12cm的可降解的无纺布育苗袋作为营养杯;(3) Selection of nutrition cups: use degradable non-woven seedling bags with a size of 10cm×12cm as the nutrition cups;

(4)基质配制:用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥按一定比例充分混匀作为基质的原料,装满营养杯备用;(4) Substrate preparation: use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a certain proportion and fully mix them as raw materials for the substrate, and fill the nutrition cup for later use;

(5)移苗上杯:移苗前先对营养杯内的基质消毒,当幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时将其从沙子中轻轻挖起,不要伤及幼苗的任何部位,然后用小木棍在基质上插一个小洞,放入芽苗,并将周围基质轻轻压实,用杀菌剂浇透;(5) Transfer the seedlings to the cup: Disinfect the substrate in the nutrition cup before transplanting the seedlings. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand without hurting any part of the seedlings, and then use a small wooden Insert a small hole in the substrate with a stick, put in the sprouts, gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it thoroughly with fungicide;

(6)苗期管理:移苗成活后,每5-7天喷一次70﹪的甲基托布津800-1000倍液低毒杀菌剂,并随时观察虫害,适时喷药;经常淋水,保持基质湿润,但不宜太多,以防烂根;同时,夏天用遮光度为60-80%的遮阳网搭盖小拱棚遮荫,冬天用薄膜搭盖小拱棚保温;待幼苗长至5-6片叶时,开始向苗木根部淋施复合肥,并定期向叶片喷施叶面肥;(6) Seedling stage management: After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray 70% of thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid low-toxicity fungicide every 5-7 days, and observe insect pests at any time, and spray pesticides in time; The substrate should be moist, but not too much to prevent root rot; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60-80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 When the leaves are formed, start to spray the compound fertilizer on the roots of the seedlings, and spray the foliage fertilizer to the leaves regularly;

(7)苗木出圃:出圃前20-30天进行炼苗,出圃前1 d淋透水,选择苗高大于20cm,地径大于0.2cm,根系良好,生长健壮无病虫害的辣木苗木出圃造林。(7) Seedlings out of the nursery: Harden the seedlings 20-30 days before the nursery, drench with water 1 day before the nursery, select the Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases for afforestation.

以上步骤(1)中所述的浸泡液的质量浓度为50%,浸泡液的原料及其份数为:多菌灵:水杨酸=2:1,其余为水;以上步骤(2)中所述的沙床是在苗圃地里靠近水源、静风的平地上用红砖砌成长、宽、高约为5m×1m×0.25m的催芽床,放入干净河沙,厚度在10-15cm。The mass concentration of the soaking solution described in the above step (1) is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim: salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water; in the above step (2) The sand bed is a germination bed built with red bricks on a flat ground close to the water source and calm wind in the nursery, with a width and height of about 5m × 1m × 0.25m, and clean river sand is put into it, with a thickness of 10-15cm. .

以上步骤(4)中所述的基质的原料及其体积比为用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥=2:2:0.5:0.03;其中钙镁磷肥中钙镁磷的总的有效成分≥16%;所述的营养杯按每畦宽1m、长10-12m的规格紧密摆放于地势平坦、光照充足、靠近水源的圃地内。The raw materials of the matrix described in the above step (4) and their volume ratios are yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer = 2:2:0.5:0.03; wherein the calcium magnesium phosphorus in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer The total active ingredients are ≥ 16%; the nutritional cups are closely placed in a nursery field with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to water sources according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

以上步骤(5)中所述的基质消毒是移苗上杯前1d用质量浓度为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液对营养杯内的基质进行消毒并淋透水;所述的杀菌剂为50﹪的多菌灵800至1000倍液。The matrix disinfection described in the above step (5) is to disinfect the matrix in the nutrition cup with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water; the fungicide is 50% 800 to 1000 times solution of carbendazim.

以上步骤(6)中所述的复合肥是质量浓度为0.5-1.0%的含NPK的复合肥溶液;所述的叶面肥是质量浓度为0.2-0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液。The compound fertilizer described in the above step (6) is a compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%; the foliage fertilizer is a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%.

以上步骤(7)中所述的炼苗是揭开遮阳网、薄膜,逐渐减少水和肥的供给,以提高苗木对环境的适应能力,增强抗性提高造林成活力。The hardening described in the above step (7) is to uncover the sunshade net and film, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, so as to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of afforestation.

相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下优点和积极效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

1、本发明辣木容器育苗方法中的育苗基质依据辣木生理特性配制而成的,采用了黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥作为育苗基质,基质保水透气性好,并可增加有机质,肥效长;同时基质中还混入了钙镁磷肥,合理满足了辣木幼苗对肥料的生长需求;取材方便、易于配制、操作简便、耗材少、成本低。1, the seedling raising matrix in the Moringa oleifera container seedling raising method of the present invention is formulated according to the physiological characteristics of Moringa oleifera, adopts yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as the seedling raising matrix, and the matrix has good water retention and air permeability, and It can increase organic matter and have long fertilizer effect; at the same time, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is mixed into the substrate, which reasonably meets the growth demand of Moringa oleifera seedlings for fertilizer; it is convenient to obtain materials, easy to prepare, easy to operate, less consumables, and low cost.

2、本发明对种子进行了浸泡液浸泡前处理工序,采用的浸泡液根据辣木种子发芽特性而配制的,不仅能起到杀菌抗菌的作用,还可以降低酶活性,促进了种子萌发,提高种子发芽率,同时也有助于提高抗病能力,提高出苗率。2, the present invention has carried out soaking solution soaking pretreatment process to seed, and the soaking solution that adopts is prepared according to the germination characteristic of Moringa oleifera seed, not only can play the effect of sterilization and antibacterial, can also reduce enzyme activity, has promoted seed germination, improves Seed germination rate, but also help to improve disease resistance, increase emergence rate.

3、本发明选择幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时移苗上杯,是由于子叶刚展开时的辣木胚苗成熟度最佳,提高苗木成活率。3, the present invention selects seedling to begin to germinate, and transplants seedling and go up cup when cotyledon just unfolded, is because the Moringa oleifera seedling maturity degree when cotyledon just unfolded is best, improves seedling survival rate.

4、本发明所用的营养杯的材料为可降解的无纺布,造林时可免去剥除营养杯,省时省力。4. The material of the nutrition cup used in the present invention is a degradable non-woven fabric, which can save time and effort by removing the nutrition cup when afforestation.

5、本发明培育1~2个月即可出圃,培育的辣木苗木根系发达,生长健壮,造林时带营养杯,不伤根,可大幅度提高辣木造林的成活率和生长量。5. The present invention can be cultivated for 1 to 2 months to go out of the nursery. The cultivated Moringa seedlings have well-developed root system and strong growth. When afforestation, a nutrient cup is used to avoid root damage, which can greatly improve the survival rate and growth rate of Moringa oleifera afforestation.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

实施例1:Example 1:

2015年7月,在苗圃地里靠近水源、静风的平地上用红砖砌成长、宽、高约为5m×1m×0.25m的催芽床,放入干净河沙,厚度在10-15cm。将当年采收的辣木种子清除杂质,去除颗粒不饱满、有虫害、缺陷的种子,保留饱满的种子;将选好的种子置于配好的浸泡液中浸泡18h;再用清水将种子冲洗干净后待用;其中,所述的浸泡液的质量浓度为50%,浸泡液的原料及其份数为:多菌灵:水杨酸=2:1,其余为水。In July 2015, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18 hours; then rinse the seeds with clean water Clean and stand-by; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim: salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

催芽前1 d将沙床中的细河沙平整好,用质量浓度为0.2%的高锰酸钾溶液喷淋细河沙进行消毒处理;将处理好的种子均匀平铺沙面上,再覆盖一层2-3cm干净细河沙,淋透水进行层积催芽;细河沙与辣木种子的体积比为3:2,河沙含水量保持为潮而不湿。1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

选用规格为10cm×12cm的可降解的无纺布育苗袋作为营养杯,用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥按体积比2:2: 0.5:0.03充分混匀作为基质的原料,装满营养杯备用;其中钙镁磷肥中钙镁磷的总的有效成分≥16%。将营养杯按每畦宽1m、长10-12m的规格紧密摆放于地势平坦、光照充足、靠近水源的圃地内。Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

移苗上杯前1d用质量浓度为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液对营养杯内的基质进行消毒并淋透水,当幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时将其从沙子中轻轻挖起,不要伤及幼苗的任何部位,然后用小木棍在基质上插一个小洞,放入芽苗,并将周围基质轻轻压实,用质量浓度50﹪的多菌灵800液浇透。Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 50% carbendazim 800 solution.

移苗成活后,每5天喷一次质量浓度70﹪的甲基托布津800倍液低毒杀菌剂,并随时观察虫害,适时喷药;经常淋水,保持基质湿润,但不宜太多,以防烂根;同时,夏天用遮光度为60%的遮阳网搭盖小拱棚遮荫,冬天用薄膜搭盖小拱棚保温;待幼苗长至5-6片叶时,开始向苗木根部淋施质量浓度为0.5%的含NPK的复合肥溶液,并定期向叶片喷施质量浓度为0.2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液。After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray thiophanate-methyl 800 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% once every 5 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to spray quality Concentration is 0.5% compound fertilizer solution containing NPK, and regularly spraying mass concentration is 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to blade.

出圃前20天揭开遮阳网、薄膜,逐渐减少水和肥的供给,进行炼苗,以提高苗木对环境的适应能力,增强抗性提高造林成活力。出圃前1 d淋透水,选择苗高大于20cm,地径大于0.2cm,根系良好,生长健壮无病虫害的辣木苗木出圃造林。出圃率达到92.5%,造林半年后调查成活率达93.8%。Uncover the sunshade net and film 20 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of the afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The emergence rate reached 92.5%, and the survey survival rate reached 93.8% after half a year of afforestation.

实施例2:Example 2:

2016年7月,在苗圃地里靠近水源、静风的平地上用红砖砌成长、宽、高约为5m×1m×0.25m的催芽床,放入干净河沙,厚度在10-15cm。用清水将当年采收的辣木种子清除杂质,去除颗粒不饱满、有虫害、缺陷的种子,保留饱满的种子;将选好的种子置于配好的浸泡液中浸泡20h;再用清水将种子冲洗干净后待用;其中,所述的浸泡液的质量浓度为50%,浸泡液的原料及其份数为:多菌灵:水杨酸=2:1,其余为水。In July 2016, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Use clear water to remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 20 hours; The seeds are rinsed and ready to use; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim:salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

催芽前1 d将沙床中的细河沙平整好,用质量浓度为0.2%的高锰酸钾溶液喷淋细河沙进行消毒处理;将处理好的种子均匀平铺沙面上,再覆盖一层2-3cm干净细河沙,淋透水进行层积催芽;细河沙与辣木种子的体积比为3:2,河沙含水量保持为潮而不湿。1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

选用规格为10cm×12cm的可降解的无纺布育苗袋作为营养杯,用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥按体积比2:2:0.5:0.03充分混匀作为基质的原料,装满营养杯备用;其中钙镁磷肥中钙镁磷的总的有效成分≥16%。将营养杯按每畦宽1m、长10-12m的规格紧密摆放于地势平坦、光照充足、靠近水源的圃地内。Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

移苗上杯前1d用质量浓度为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液对营养杯内的基质进行消毒并淋透水,当幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时将其从沙子中轻轻挖起,不要伤及幼苗的任何部位,然后用小木棍在基质上插一个小洞,放入芽苗,并将周围基质轻轻压实,用质量浓度50﹪的多菌灵800液浇透。Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 50% carbendazim 800 solution.

移苗成活后,每6天喷一次质量浓度70﹪的甲基托布津800倍液低毒杀菌剂,并随时观察虫害,适时喷药;经常淋水,保持基质湿润,但不宜太多,以防烂根;同时,夏天用遮光度为70%的遮阳网搭盖小拱棚遮荫,冬天用薄膜搭盖小拱棚保温;待幼苗长至5-6片叶时,开始向苗木根部淋施质量浓度为0.8%的含NPK的复合肥溶液,并定期向叶片喷施质量浓度为0.2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液。After the transplanted seedlings survived, spray thiophanate-methyl 800 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% every 6 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 70% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to spray quality Concentration is 0.8% compound fertilizer solution containing NPK, and regularly spraying mass concentration is 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to blade.

出圃前25天揭开遮阳网、薄膜,逐渐减少水和肥的供给,进行炼苗,以提高苗木对环境的适应能力,增强抗性提高造林成活力。出圃前1 d淋透水,选择苗高大于20cm,地径大于0.2cm,根系良好,生长健壮无病虫害的辣木苗木出圃造林。出圃率达到95%,造林半年后调查成活率达96%。Uncover the sunshade net and film 25 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance resistance and increase the vitality of afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The rate of nursery emergence reached 95%, and the survey survival rate reached 96% after half a year of afforestation.

实施例3:Example 3:

2016年11月,在苗圃地里靠近水源、静风的平地上用红砖砌成长、宽、高约为5m×1m×0.25m的催芽床,放入干净河沙,厚度在10-15cm。用清水将当年采收的辣木种子清除杂质,去除颗粒不饱满、有虫害、缺陷的种子,保留饱满的种子;将选好的种子置于配好的浸泡液中浸泡24h;再用清水将种子冲洗干净后待用;其中,所述的浸泡液的质量浓度为50%,浸泡液的原料及其份数为:多菌灵:水杨酸=2:1,其余为水。In November 2016, a germination bed of about 5m×1m×0.25m in length, width and height was built with red bricks on the flat ground near the water source and calm wind in the nursery, and clean river sand was put in, with a thickness of 10-15cm. Use clean water to remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 24 hours; The seeds are rinsed and ready to use; wherein, the mass concentration of the soaking solution is 50%, the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: carbendazim:salicylic acid=2:1, and the rest is water.

催芽前1 d将沙床中的细河沙平整好,用质量浓度为0.2%的高锰酸钾溶液喷淋细河沙进行消毒处理;将处理好的种子均匀平铺沙面上,再覆盖一层2-3cm干净细河沙,淋透水进行层积催芽;细河沙与辣木种子的体积比为3:2,河沙含水量保持为潮而不湿。1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly spread on the sand surface, and then covered A layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand is drenched with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand is kept damp but not wet.

选用规格为10cm×12cm的可降解的无纺布育苗袋作为营养杯,用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥按体积比2:2:0.5:0.03充分混匀作为基质的原料,装满营养杯备用;其中钙镁磷肥中钙镁磷的总的有效成分≥16%。将营养杯按每畦宽1m、长10-12m的规格紧密摆放于地势平坦、光照充足、靠近水源的圃地内。Choose a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 10cm×12cm as a nutrition cup, and use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut bran, mushroom residue, and calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer in a volume ratio of 2:2:0.5:0.03 to fully mix as the substrate. Raw materials, filled with nutritional cups for later use; the total active ingredients of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in the calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are ≥16%. Place the nutrient cups tightly in the nursery with flat terrain, sufficient light and close to the water source according to the specifications of 1m wide and 10-12m long.

移苗上杯前1d用质量浓度为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液对营养杯内的基质进行消毒并淋透水,当幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时将其从沙子中轻轻挖起,不要伤及幼苗的任何部位,然后用小木棍在基质上插一个小洞,放入芽苗,并将周围基质轻轻压实,用质量浓度50﹪的多菌灵1000倍液浇透。Disinfect the matrix in the nutrient cup with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution 1 day before transplanting the seedlings to the cup and drench the water. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand. Injure any part of the seedlings, then use a small wooden stick to insert a small hole in the substrate, put the sprouts, and gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it with 1000 times carbendazim with a mass concentration of 50%.

移苗成活后,每7天喷一次质量浓度70﹪的甲基托布津1000倍液低毒杀菌剂,并随时观察虫害,适时喷药;经常淋水,保持基质湿润,但不宜太多,以防烂根;同时,夏天用遮光度为80%的遮阳网搭盖小拱棚遮荫,冬天用薄膜搭盖小拱棚保温;待幼苗长至5-6片叶时,开始向苗木根部淋施质量浓度为1.0%的含NPK的复合肥溶液,并定期向叶片喷施质量浓度为0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液。After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray thiophanate-methyl 1000 times low-toxic fungicide with a mass concentration of 70% every 7 days, and observe the insect damage at any time, and spray the pesticide in time; water frequently to keep the substrate moist, but not too much, so as to Prevent rotten roots; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, start to drench the roots of the seedlings A compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a concentration of 1.0%, and a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.3% are regularly sprayed to the leaves.

出圃前30天揭开遮阳网、薄膜,逐渐减少水和肥的供给,进行炼苗,以提高苗木对环境的适应能力,增强抗性提高造林成活力。出圃前1 d淋透水,选择苗高大于20cm,地径大于0.2cm,根系良好,生长健壮无病虫害的辣木苗木出圃造林。出圃率达到93%,造林半年后调查成活率达95%。Uncover the sunshade net and film 30 days before going out of the nursery, gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer, and harden the seedlings to improve the adaptability of the seedlings to the environment, enhance the resistance and improve the vitality of the afforestation. Drench with water 1 day before going out of the nursery, and select Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases to go out of the nursery for afforestation. The rate of nursery emergence reached 93%, and the survey survival rate reached 95% after half a year of afforestation.

Claims (7)

1.一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:包括种子处理、沙床催芽、营养杯选用、育苗基质配制、移苗上杯、苗期管理和苗木出圃工序,通过对辣木种子进行浸种、消毒处理后实施沙床催芽,待种子萌发后移植于装有基质的无纺布营养杯,通过苗期管理得到合格的辣木苗木,主要操作步骤如下:1. a Moringa container seedling raising method, it is characterized in that: comprise seed treatment, sand bed vernalization, nutrition cup is selected, seedling-raising substrate preparation, transplant seedling upper cup, seedling stage management and nursery stock go out the nursery process, by carrying out seed soaking to Moringa seed 1. After the disinfection treatment, carry out germination on the sand bed, transplant the seeds to a non-woven nutrition cup equipped with a substrate after germination, and obtain qualified Moringa oleifera seedlings through seedling management. The main steps are as follows: (1)种子处理:将当年采收的辣木种子清除杂质,去除颗粒不饱满、有虫害、缺陷的种子,保留饱满的种子;将选好的种子置于配好的浸泡液中浸泡18-24h;再用清水将种子冲洗干净,待用;(1) Seed treatment: Remove impurities from the Moringa oleifera seeds harvested in the same year, remove seeds that are not full, have insect damage, and defects, and keep full seeds; soak the selected seeds in the prepared soaking solution for 18- 24h; then rinse the seeds with clean water and set aside; (2)沙床催芽:催芽前1 d将沙床中的细河沙平整好,用质量浓度为0.2%的高锰酸钾溶液喷淋细河沙进行消毒处理;将处理好的种子均匀平铺沙面上,再覆盖一层2-3cm干净细河沙,淋透水进行层积催芽;细河沙与辣木种子的体积比为3:2,河沙含水量保持为潮而不湿;(2) Sand bed germination: 1 day before germination, the fine river sand in the sand bed is leveled, and the fine river sand is sprayed with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection; the treated seeds are evenly leveled. Cover the sand surface with a layer of 2-3cm clean fine river sand, drench with water for stratification and germination; the volume ratio of fine river sand to Moringa seeds is 3:2, and the water content of the river sand should be kept damp but not wet; (3)营养杯选用:选用规格为10cm×12cm的可降解的无纺布育苗袋作为营养杯;(3) Selection of nutrition cups: use degradable non-woven seedling bags with a size of 10cm×12cm as the nutrition cups; (4)基质配制:用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥按一定比例充分混匀作为基质的原料,装满营养杯备用;(4) Substrate preparation: use yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coconut peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a certain proportion and fully mix them as raw materials for the substrate, and fill the nutrition cup for later use; (5)移苗上杯:移苗前先对营养杯内的基质消毒,当幼苗开始萌发,子叶刚展开时将其从沙子中轻轻挖起,不要伤及幼苗的任何部位,然后用小木棍在基质上插一个小洞,放入芽苗,并将周围基质轻轻压实,用杀菌剂浇透;(5) Transfer the seedlings to the cup: Disinfect the substrate in the nutrition cup before transplanting the seedlings. When the seedlings start to germinate and the cotyledons just unfold, gently dig them up from the sand without hurting any part of the seedlings, and then use a small wooden Insert a small hole in the substrate with a stick, put in the sprouts, gently compact the surrounding substrate, and pour it thoroughly with fungicide; (6)苗期管理:移苗成活后,每5-7天喷一次70﹪的甲基托布津800-1000倍液低毒杀菌剂,并随时观察虫害,适时喷药;经常淋水,保持基质湿润,但不宜太多,以防烂根;同时,夏天用遮光度为60-80%的遮阳网搭盖小拱棚遮荫,冬天用薄膜搭盖小拱棚保温;待幼苗长至5-6片叶时,开始向苗木根部淋施复合肥,并定期向叶片喷施叶面肥;(6) Seedling stage management: After transplanting seedlings and surviving, spray 70% of thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times liquid low-toxicity fungicide every 5-7 days, and observe insect pests at any time, and spray pesticides in time; The substrate should be moist, but not too much to prevent root rot; at the same time, in summer, use a sunshade net with a shading degree of 60-80% to build a small shed for shade, and in winter use a film to build a small shed to keep warm; when the seedlings grow to 5-6 When the leaves are formed, start to spray the compound fertilizer on the roots of the seedlings, and spray the foliage fertilizer to the leaves regularly; (7)苗木出圃:出圃前20-30天进行炼苗,出圃前1 d淋透水,选择苗高大于20cm,地径大于0.2cm,根系良好,生长健壮无病虫害的辣木苗木出圃造林。(7) Seedlings out of the nursery: Harden the seedlings 20-30 days before the nursery, drench with water 1 day before the nursery, select the Moringa oleifera seedlings with a seedling height greater than 20cm, a ground diameter greater than 0.2cm, a good root system, strong growth and no pests and diseases for afforestation. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述的浸泡液的质量浓度为50%,浸泡液的原料及其份数为:多菌灵:水杨酸=2:1,其余为水。2. A method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mass concentration of the soaking solution described in step (1) is 50%, and the raw material and the number of parts of the soaking solution are: multi-bacteria Spirit: salicylic acid = 2:1, the rest is water. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述的沙床是在苗圃地里靠近水源、静风的平地上用红砖砌成长、宽、高约为5m×1m×0.25m的催芽床,放入干净河沙,厚度在10-15cm。3. A method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sand bed described in step (2) grows with red bricks on a flat ground close to the water source and calm wind in the nursery field, A germination bed with a width and height of about 5m×1m×0.25m is filled with clean river sand with a thickness of 10-15cm. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中所述的基质的原料及其体积比为用黄心土、充分腐熟的椰糠、香菇渣、钙镁磷肥=2:2:0.5:0.03;其中钙镁磷肥中钙镁磷的总的有效成分≥16%;所述的营养杯按每畦宽1m、长10-12m的规格紧密摆放于地势平坦、光照充足、靠近水源的圃地内。4. The method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the raw materials of the substrate described in step (4) and their volume ratios are yellow heart soil, fully decomposed coir peat, shiitake mushroom slag, calcium Magnesium phosphate fertilizer=2:2:0.5:0.03; wherein the total active ingredient of calcium magnesium phosphorus in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is more than or equal to 16%; the nutrition cups are closely placed on the ground according to the specifications of each border width 1m and length 10-12m In a flat, well-lit nursery near a water source. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中所述的基质消毒是移苗上杯前1d用质量浓度为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液对营养杯内的基质进行消毒并淋透水;所述的杀菌剂为50﹪的多菌灵800至1000倍液。5. A kind of Moringa oleifera container seedling raising method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the matrix disinfection described in step (5) is that the potassium permanganate solution that mass concentration is 0.1% is used 1d before transplanting seedling to cup The matrix in the nutrition cup is disinfected and drenched with water; the bactericide is 800 to 1000 times of 50% carbendazim. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中所述的复合肥是质量浓度为0.5-1.0%的含NPK的复合肥溶液;所述的叶面肥是质量浓度为0.2-0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液。6. A method for raising seedlings in Moringa containers according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer described in step (6) is a compound fertilizer solution containing NPK with a mass concentration of 0.5-1.0%; The foliar fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.3%. 7.根据权利要求1所述的一种辣木容器育苗的方法,其特征在于:步骤(7)中所述的炼苗是揭开遮阳网、薄膜,逐渐减少水和肥的供给,以提高苗木对环境的适应能力,增强抗性提高造林成活力。7. The method for raising seedlings in a container of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling hardening described in step (7) is to uncover the sunshade net and film, and gradually reduce the supply of water and fertilizer to improve Seedlings' ability to adapt to the environment, enhance resistance and improve afforestation vitality.
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Application publication date: 20180508