The cuttage breeding method of swamp cypress
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, relate to particularly the artificial cuttage breeding method of a kind of swamp cypress.
Background technology
Swamp cypress (Taxodium.distichum) is the high megaphanerophyte of Taxodiaceae Taxodium, is ancient " Relict Plant ", just flouring in Cretaceous period late Jurassic epoch to morning.To Miocene Epoch in the Tertiary Period, Pliocene Period, before 2000~3,000 ten thousand, still be distributed widely in North America and the north, Eurasia.The U.S., Russian Siberia, the fossil of branches and leaves, cone and the seed of swamp cypress in Mesozoic Era was all found on the ground such as China Heilungkiang, ,Song Liao Plain, Jilin and Yunnan.After quaternary glacier, they all become extinct in Eurasia, only in North America and some areas, Latin America, remain, and procreation so far.Its trunk is satisfactorily perfectly straight, and the height of tree can reach 25-50 rice, low temperature resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, and water-fast flooding, barren-resistant, wind resistance, antipollution, disease and insect resistance, acidity all can be grown to basic soil.
China started to introduce a fine variety before and after 1900, at first in Nanjing, planted.In Nanjing Southeast China University, attached middle school of Nanjing Normal University campus and in indivedual house-garden, still remain with now the century-old several strains of large tree of giving birth to, nearly 30 meters of the height of tree, 130 centimetres of the diameters of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground, be preced with 16 meters.50 perennial swamp cypress coppice forests (virgin forest is cut down by Japanese army during the Anti-Japanese War, and rear rudiment is upgraded), 32 meters of the maximum height of trees, more than 70 centimetre of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground are still preserved in the Jigong Mountain In Henan nature reserve.After 1970, China's large tracts of land is introduced a fine variety swamp cypress as the fast-growing and high-yield plantation seeds.Soviet Union, ,Lu, Guangdong, ,Zhe, Anhui, Shanghai, fine jade etc. are economized nearly 100,000 hectares of (city) afforestation now.The overwhelming majority is grown into forest, is become a useful person.Brought into play ecological, economic and social benefit preferably.China Forest Tree Genetic Breeding expert constantly carries out genetic improvement research to three seeds of Taxodium, cultivates some new cultivars.Wherein there is professor Ye Peizhong of Nanjing Forestry University nineteen sixty with Taxodium mucronatum ♀ and cryptomeria ♂ hybridization, obtains a small amount of hybrid.Hybrid form likeness in form Taxodium mucronatum, at Jiangsu great Feng
metasequoiaplant in a large number on the ground such as base, Hubei China fir research institute.1973~nineteen eighty-three, the old researcher of Plant Inst. etc., with swamp cypress ♀ and Taxodium mucronatum ♂ hybridization, obtain mountain China fir 302 in the hybrid choiceness; With pond China fir ♀ and Taxodium mucronatum ♂ hybridization, obtain mountain China fir 401 in hybridal clone.Be tested and appraised, in Jiangsu, contiguous province of large Fenghe applied, well-grown.After nineteen ninety, the people such as the Wang Qiming researcher of Jiangsu Provincial Forest Science Research Inst. carry out the different geographical provenances of swamp cypress, family selective breeding, select the swamp cypress fine provenance---No. mono-, Su Shan, be tested and appraised, by the State Administration of Forestry and Jiangsu Province State Forestry Administration, P.R. China, classified as and apply new seeds.The provinces (city) such as Soviet Union, Shanghai have started to afforest new quality product kind as ecotope.
The swamp cypress branches and leaves are luxuriant, and fall foliage is slower, and crown grandness is beautiful, are graceful flower garden, Afforestation Tree Species on Roads.All can do the industrial woods and ecological protection woods in China's most area.Its seed is the feed of the wildlife happiness foods such as sparrow, squirrel, therefore to strengthening forest park, safeguarding the nature reserve biological chain, and water and soil conservation, good effect is all played in water conservations etc.Although successfully introduced a fine variety more than 80 year in China, nonoculture is ancient living fossil, does not also have special technical system to breed at present and cultivates this Plants, therefore, in the urgent need to a kind of artificial cultivation technique, cultivates in a large number.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of survival rate high, but the fast breeding cultivation, the cuttage breeding method of the artificial cultivation swamp cypress that disease resistance is strong.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is: the cuttage breeding method of a kind of swamp cypress is as follows:
(1) select branches for cuttage
Select life in 1 year, length is greater than the branch of 15 centimetres as branches for cuttage;
(2) cuttage is used branch preservation and transportation resources
1) cut the branch adopted now with now getting, as the need transportation or place, should be standby in the cold and moisture location preservation; Before transportation and packing, branch is placed in clear water and soaks, and pick up immediately, gently tremble the water droplet on branch; Adopt plastic bag packaging, and tighten sack, from envelope, to being transported to destination, be no more than 3 days; After transporting to destination, take out immediately branch, stand up in the cool, water to hide and put ground, place;
(3) cut seedling and specification
1) nursery stock is divided seedling and two kinds of specifications of seedlings, and branch length 5-10cm and bar footpath 0.2cm-0.4cm are seedling, and branch length 10cm-15cm and bar footpath 0.5cm-1.0cm are for being seedlings;
While 3) cutting seedling, 3 blades are stayed in upper end, every young plant rod footpath, continue to employ blade and partly wipe out over 3cm, wipe out cuttage blade on position bar footpath in seedbed simultaneously;
(4) by the nursery stock sheared, be soaked in 10min in hormone solution before cuttage, hormone adopts the IAA of 500ppm or the IBA of 800ppm;
(5) disinfection soil
Before the basic soil sowing, per hectare is executed cuprous sulfate 225-300 kilogram; Or per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the acid ground sowing; Or, with formalin, carry out disinfection, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds water 6-12 liter, within 10 days, is sprinkled upon on soil prior to seeding, and covers with straw bag, throws off covering after broadcasting the last week, then plants seedling;
(6) nursery stock cuttage
1) cutting time: November or March;
2) the cuttage degree of depth: insert in the matrix in seedbed by 50% of nursery stock specification length; Described matrix is haydite: perlite: leaf mould=1:1:3;
3) cutting density: seedling is 3cm * 3cm, and seedlings are 7cm * 7cm;
4) every ridge seedbed is watered once permeable after inserting;
(7) nursery stock daily management
1) the cuttage nursery stock must be with 98% sunshade net sunshade;
2) controlling soil moisture content is 30%;
3) control seedling bed temperature at 20 ℃~30 ℃, and it is aeration-cooling to look feelings;
4) rainy day is noted the seedbed draining, on ordinary days note intertill and clean tillage, nursery stock morbidity will be used Agro-chemicals control in time: for the seedling damping off, per hectare applies black-white-gray 1500-2250 kilogram, and described black-white-gray is: be 3~5: 1 bavin ash and lime mixture by weight; Or, the fenaminosulf with 65%, every square metre of 1~3 gram is spread on the nursery stock base portion after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil; For the damping-off of seedling, loosen the soil in time; Or, grinding with thin dry ground and mix thoroughly by 2% ferrous sulfate fried dry, per hectare is spread the 1500-2250 kilogram; Or, use 65% fenaminosulf, every square metre of 4 grams, after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil, be spread on the nursery stock neck, then loosen the soil 1 time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in branch preservation and transportation, before transportation and packing, branch is placed in clear water and soaks, and pick up immediately the water droplet of gently trembling on branch, purpose is in order to guarantee to transport humidity and the freshness of central branch.When branch is repaired, 3 blades are stayed in upper end, every young plant rod footpath, continue to employ blade and surpass 3cm and partly wipe out, and wipe out cuttage blade on position bar footpath in seedbed simultaneously, are conducive to like this water suction growth after cuttage.During the nursery stock cuttage, prepared substrate mixture targetedly for the habit of swamp cypress, haydite: perlite: leaf mould=1:1:3, pH value is 6, this matrix is conducive to insulation water suction, permeable, ventilation, and germ is few, takes root fast.Before the Nursery stock transplanting cultivation, at first to disinfecting soil, effectively prevented the generation of disease.In alkaline soils, before sowing, per hectare is executed the sulfuric acid copper powder, can diseases prevention, and can increase again Trace Elements in Soil and change the pH value of soil, make the seedling growth stalwartness.In acid ground, before sowing, per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram, can suppress the germ in soil and promote plant residue to rot.In the daily management of nursery stock, for the seedling damping off, because of how in the rainy day morbidity, the spray molten easy loss of bordeaux mixture and produce poisoning, thereby the present invention adopts black-white-gray, or be spread on the nursery stock neck after mixing thoroughly with fenaminosulf and thin yellow soil, the inhibition disease spreads.For the damping-off of seedling, loosen the soil in time, seedling root is grown well, strengthen the nursery stock disease resistance, by 2% ferrous sulfate fried dry, grind with thin dry ground and mix thoroughly, or 65% fenaminosulf is with after carefully yellow soil is mixed thoroughly, be spread on the nursery stock neck, loosen the soil again 1 time, medicament is contacted with the nursery stock root, can suppress the disease expansion.
Through practice for many years, by method cutting propagation swamp cypress of the present invention, greatly shortened the time of natural breeding, the nursery stock cuttage is taken root in 50 days substantially, after 120 days, can transplant plantation.Before cuttage, to disinfecting soil, effectively prevented that the soil of rhizoctonia solani from propagating, make the survival rate of nursery stock can reach more than 95%, seedling only needs 4 months, therefore can enlarge rapidly in a short time planting scale.Plantation seedling 4 years-5 years branches and leaves of can gathering, the plantation seedlings branches and leaves of can gathering in 3 years.
Embodiment
The cuttage breeding method of a kind of swamp cypress, method is as follows:
(1) select branches for cuttage
Select life in 1 year, length is greater than the branch of 15 centimetres as branches for cuttage;
(2) cuttage is used branch preservation and transportation resources
1) cut the branch adopted now with now getting, as the need transportation or place, should be standby in the cold and moisture location preservation; Before transportation and packing, branch is placed in clear water and soaks, and pick up immediately, gently tremble the water droplet on branch; Adopt plastic bag packaging, and tighten sack, from envelope, to being transported to destination, be no more than 3 days; After transporting to destination, take out immediately branch, stand up in the cool, water to hide and put ground, place;
(3) cut seedling and specification
1) nursery stock is divided seedling and two kinds of specifications of seedlings, and branch length 5-10cm and bar footpath 0.2cm-0.4cm are seedling, and branch length 10cm-15cm and bar footpath 0.5cm-1.0cm are for being seedlings;
While 3) cutting seedling, 3 blades are stayed in upper end, every young plant rod footpath, continue to employ blade and partly wipe out over 3cm, wipe out cuttage blade on position bar footpath in seedbed simultaneously;
(4) by the nursery stock sheared, be soaked in 10min in hormone solution before cuttage, hormone adopts the IAA of 500ppm or the IBA of 800ppm;
(5) disinfection soil
Before the basic soil sowing, per hectare is executed cuprous sulfate 225-300 kilogram; Or per hectare is executed quicklime 300-375 kilogram before the acid ground sowing; Or, with formalin, carry out disinfection, every square metre with 50 milliliters of 40% formalin, adds water 6-12 liter, within 10 days, is sprinkled upon on soil prior to seeding, and covers with straw bag, throws off covering after broadcasting the last week, then plants seedling;
(6) nursery stock cuttage
1) cutting time: November or March;
2) the cuttage degree of depth: insert in the matrix in seedbed by 50% of nursery stock specification length; Described matrix is haydite: perlite: leaf mould=1:1:3;
3) cutting density: seedling is 3cm * 3cm, and seedlings are 7cm * 7cm;
4) every ridge seedbed is watered once permeable after inserting;
(7) nursery stock daily management
1) the cuttage nursery stock must be with 98% sunshade net sunshade;
2) controlling soil moisture content is 30%;
3) control seedling bed temperature at 20 ℃~30 ℃, and it is aeration-cooling to look feelings;
4) rainy day is noted the seedbed draining, on ordinary days note intertill and clean tillage, nursery stock morbidity will be used Agro-chemicals control in time: for the seedling damping off, per hectare applies black-white-gray 1500-2250 kilogram, and described black-white-gray is: be 3~5: 1 bavin ash and lime mixture by weight; Or, the fenaminosulf with 65%, every square metre of 1~3 gram is spread on the nursery stock base portion after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil; For the damping-off of seedling, loosen the soil in time; Or, grinding with thin dry ground and mix thoroughly by 2% ferrous sulfate fried dry, per hectare is spread the 1500-2250 kilogram; Or, use 65% fenaminosulf, every square metre of 4 grams, after mixing thoroughly with thin yellow soil, be spread on the nursery stock neck, then loosen the soil 1 time.