CN102293111B - Method for raising seedlings by cutting olives - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings by cutting olives Download PDFInfo
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- CN102293111B CN102293111B CN2011101723610A CN201110172361A CN102293111B CN 102293111 B CN102293111 B CN 102293111B CN 2011101723610 A CN2011101723610 A CN 2011101723610A CN 201110172361 A CN201110172361 A CN 201110172361A CN 102293111 B CN102293111 B CN 102293111B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the plant growing field, and in particular relates to a method for raising seedlings by cutting olives. The technical problem to be solved in the invention is that the seedling cultivating quality of the olives is low in the prior art. A technical scheme for solving the problem in the invention is as follows: the method for raising seedlings by cutting the olives is provided. The method comprises the following steps of: a, cutting, b, domesticating the seedlings, c, cultivating in a first stage; and d, cultivating in a second stage. Compared with the prior art, the method can be used for effectively increasing the number and quality of the qualified olive seedlings; and both the number of early blossoming and early bearing and the quality of the cultivated qualified seedlings after growing for two years in a field are superior to those in the prior art. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of easiness in operation, low cost and good application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of method of olive cuttage and seedling culture.
Background technology
Olive belongs to Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium; Be that the double fruit of world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is used seeds; Cultivar has higher edibility, contains to enrich kind of high-quality edible plant oil---and olive oil is famous subtropical fruit tree and important commodity trees; Mainly be distributed in mediterranean country, Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain are for concentrating the place of production.The equal introducing and planting in present countries in the world.At the extensive introducing and planting olive of China, since this century.Before nineteen fifty, have few olive to import into, in Fujian, the Mengzi and the Gansu in Taiwan, Yunnan, plant in Sichuan, Chongqing.1956-1962 is put into country and introduces a fine variety plan, successively introduces nursery stock 1800 strains and part seed by the Soviet Union, Albania.1964, show loving care in person down the Premier Zhou Enlai, introduce a fine variety olive 10000 strains, carry out extensive experiment in cultivation.From 1973, in the zone of preliminary successful introduction, the cultivation of progressively developping production had fairly large plantation in its suitable planting district.
The seedling culture of prior art generally is to carry out cuttage earlier, and more than 50%, transplant again by cuttage seeding 70～80 days root of hair rates for the root of hair seedling after the cuttage, generally needs at least 5 years from planting to yield positive results after doing the garden after in the nursery, cultivating surely.The problem that prior art exists is that the survival rate of cuttage seeding is not high, and the quality of transplanted seedling is good inadequately, transplants especially that more not blooming appears in the back, the phenomenon of not bearing fruit; Very influence economic well-being of workers and staff; And owing to just might be able to yield positive results after generally will be for many years, the serious forest land that taken has influenced orchard worker's plantation enthusiasm; Be unfavorable for very much the popularization plantation of olive, restricted the development of whole industry.
Along with living standards of the people progressively improve, increasing to demand top grade, nourishing olive oil.But the present olive oil output of China can not satisfy people's demand far away.And the olive oil price also increases substantially.Given this, in recent years, the scale of olive plantation is also increasing, and the supply of high-quality seedling is very in short supply always, is difficult to satisfy the needs in market.This area is badly in need of developing the new breeding method that high quality oils olive seedling can be provided in a large number at present.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is the not high problem of seedling culture quality of olive in the prior art.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses this problem provides a kind of method of olive cuttage and seedling culture, and it may further comprise the steps:
A, cuttage: clip olive branch, insert on the cutting bed after auxin soaks and obtain seedling;
B, refining seedling: the seedling that cuttage in a step obtains is refined seedling;
C, phase I cultivate: the seedling after the b step process is planted in the container of the nutritious soil of prepackage, prune and confirm major branch; Used disposable fertilizer material at least in per 15～20 days; Treat height of seedling to 40cm～60cm, fibrous root is dense, and root system is long and finish the phase I when agglomerating and cultivate, and the time is 4～6 months
D, second stage cultivate: after the phase I cultivates and accomplish, seedling replanting is gone into to pre-install the cultivation of carrying out second stage in the container of nutritious soil, set upright major branch; Fully carry out water supply, applied fertilizer once at least in every month, can go out the garden when nursery stock reaches 1.2～1.5m height, the time is 4～6 months.
Wherein, above-mentioned said auxin is the indolebutyric acid of 10,000 ppm or the carbendazim of 70～120ppm, and soak time is 12～18 hours.
Wherein, the matrix of cutting bed described in the said method is perlite, vermiculite adds clay or the grains of sand add peat, and pH is 6.5～7.5.
Wherein, set up booth on the cutting bed among a of step described in the said method, shade net is set on the booth, keeping the interior relative air humidity of booth is 80～85%, and temperature is 22～28 ℃ in the canopy, and soil temperature is 20～22 ℃.
Wherein, cuttage described in the said method is meant that successfully the cuttage branch has the above root of at least 3 2cm.
Wherein, the seedling of refining described in the said method is meant the greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment that opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, refines 10～20 days seedling time.
Wherein, the soil of nutrition described in the said method is fully pulverized to mix by soil, peat and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is formed, and its ratio is a soil: peat: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=5: 3: 2.
Wherein, also can add an amount of white lime in the soil of nutrition described in the said method, be 7.0～7.2 with the adjustment pH value.
Wherein, also can add superphosphate 450g～550g by every cubic metre of nutrition soil in the soil of nutrition described in the said method, and fully mix.
Particularly, the inventive method can be implemented through following steps:
A, cuttage: the olive branch of the stalwartness that clip is suitable inserts on the cutting bed after auxin soaks; Said auxin is the indolebutyric acid of 10,000 ppm or the carbendazim of 70～120ppm, and soak time is 12～18 hours; The matrix of said cutting bed is perlite, vermiculite adds clay or the grains of sand add peat, and the consumption of matrix is this area conventional amount used, and pH is 6.5～7.5.Said cuttage is meant that successfully the cuttage branch has the above root of long 2cm more than 3.
Will set up booth on the said cutting bed, shade net is set on the booth, keeping the interior relative air humidity of booth is 80～85%, and temperature is 22～28 ℃ in the canopy, and soil temperature is 20～22 ℃.
B, refining seedling: the seedling that obtains after the cuttage success in a step is refined seedling; Said refining seedling is meant the greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment that opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, 10～20 days seedling time of refining.
C, phase I cultivate: the seedling after the b step process is planted in the nutritious bag of the nutritious soil of prepackage, confirm major branch with pruning; Used fertilizer one time in per 15～20 days, height of seedling is to 40cm～60cm, and fibrous root is dense, and root system is long and finish the phase I when agglomerating and cultivate; Said nutrition soil is fully pulverized to mix by soil, peat and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is formed, and its ratio is a soil: peat: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=5: 3: 2.Also add an amount of white lime in the said nutrition soil, the adjustment pH value is 7.0～7.2.Also can every cubic metre in the said nutrition soil add superphosphate 500 ± 50g, and fully pulverize and mix.
D, second stage cultivate: after the phase I cultivates and accomplish, seedling replanting is gone into to pre-install the cultivation of carrying out second stage in alms bowl or the plastic film container of nutritious soil and fertilizer, set upright major branch with bar; Fully carry out water supply, fertilising in every month once can go out the garden when nursery stock reaches 1.2～1.5m height.The nutrition soil of step requires the same with step c.
The inventive method compared with prior art can effectively improve the quality and quantity of the qualified seedling of olive seedling; The qualified seedling of cultivating early blossoming early bearing strain number behind the grown in field in 2 years, occurs and quality all is superior to prior art; Obtain beyond thought effect, solved the insoluble for a long time technical problem in this area.The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, and is with low cost, has good application prospects.
Embodiment
Below through embodiment the inventive method is elaborated.
The technical scheme that the present invention addresses this problem provides a kind of method of olive cuttage and seedling culture, and it may further comprise the steps:
A, cuttage: the olive branch of the stalwartness that clip is suitable inserts on the cutting bed after auxin soaks; Said auxin is the indolebutyric acid of 10,000 ppm or the carbendazim of 70～120ppm, and soak time is 12～18 hours.Preferred soak time is 15 hours.The matrix of said cutting bed is perlite, vermiculite adds clay or the grains of sand add peat, and pH is 6.5～7.5.Also will set up booth on the cutting bed, shade net is set on the booth, keeping the interior relative air humidity of booth is 80～85%, and temperature is 22～28 ℃ in the canopy, and soil temperature is 20～22 ℃.
B, refining seedling: the seedling that obtains after the cuttage success in a step is refined seedling; Said refining seedling is meant the greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment that opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, 10～20 days seedling time of refining.
C, phase I cultivate: the seedling after the b step process is planted in the nutritious bag of the nutritious soil of prepackage, confirm major branch with pruning; Used fertilizer one time in per 15～20 days, height of seedling is to 40cm～60cm, and fibrous root is dense, and root system is long and finish the phase I when agglomerating and cultivate; Said nutrition soil is fully pulverized to mix by soil, peat and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is formed, and its ratio is a soil: peat: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=5: 3: 2.In order to reach better effect, should add an amount of white lime in the nutrition soil, the adjustment pH value is 7.0～7.2, and (± 50g) ratio is fully pulverized mixing to add superphosphate 500g in every cubic metre of nutrition soil.The used soil of nutrition soil is that the general mellow soil that can be used for cultivating gets final product.Peat is that peat is used in cultivation commonly used on the market.The fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed also is the general farmers' fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed.
D, second stage cultivate: after the phase I cultivates and accomplish, seedling replanting is gone into to pre-install the cultivation of carrying out second stage in alms bowl or the plastic film container of nutritious soil and fertilizer, set upright major branch with bar; Fully carry out water supply, fertilising in every month once can go out the garden when nursery stock reaches 1.2～1.5m height.
The method that the described cutting of the inventive method step a is prepared is: the annual above branch on the sunny side that ventilates of not bearing fruit as yet then of selecting to hang olive tree middle part really; The normal branch of 5 branch growths is gathered in every strain; Its length gets final product with interior at 10 centimeters, shears branch and requires to keep 2～4 leaves.Clip is from 0.3～0.6 centimetre of first segment in the cutting, and following clip is near saving down.After cutting shears, tie up 50～100 every bundle.Somatotropin is put in a bundle good cutting soaked on request, the degree of depth that the base portion of transplanting a cutting immerses in the solution is 1.5～2.2cm.
Cuttage seeding reaches the cuttage bar in the methods of the invention has more than 3 and length reaches the above root of 2cm and is regarded as the qualified cuttage seeding of high-quality.Phase I grows seedlings and reaches height of seedling 40cm～60cm above (not containing container height, preferably more than the 50cm), and leading thread 0.6cm is above and the well developed root system seedling is dried straight, have no mechanical damage, and no damage by disease and insect, tree vigo(u)r is good, is the qualified seedling of high-quality.
Second stage reaches height of seedling can go out the nursery at 1.2～1.5m.Wherein height of seedling is more than 130cm, and the hat width of cloth reaches more than the 50cm, and more than the leading thread 1cm, Miao Ganzhi has no mechanical damage, no damage by disease and insect, and tree vigo(u)r is good, is the qualified seedling of high-quality.Culture vessel in the inventive method can be this area nutritious bag or nutritive cube or plastic film container commonly used, notices that the diameter and the degree of depth of the container of second stage is greater than used container of phase I.Volume does not grow to good with root in incubation.
Embodiment 1 uses the inventive method to cultivate the olive seedling
Cuttage
Transplant a cutting and gather:, select to hang olive tree 20 strains (kind is Buddhist FRANTOIO difficult to understand) of fruit since June 2.The annual above branch on the sunny side that ventilates at the middle part of not bearing fruit as yet then on selecting to set, the normal branch of 5 branch growths is gathered in every strain, and its length gets final product with interior at 10 centimeters, shears the branch requirement and keeps 2～4 leaves.Clip is from 0.3～0.6 centimetre of first segment in the cutting, and following clip is near saving down.After cutting shears, tie up 50～100 every bundle.The indolebutyric acid solution of bundle good cutting being put into 10,000 ppm soaked 15 hours, and the degree of depth that the base portion of transplanting a cutting immerses in the solution is 1.5～2.2cm.
Cutting bed is prepared: the matrix of cutting bed is perlite, and thickness is 10～15 centimetres, and with 0.2% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate.Set up plastic tunnel on the cutting bed.
Cuttage: the olive after the immersion treatment is transplanted a cutting, press in the soil of 5 centimetres of line-spacings, 2 centimetres of insertions of spacing in the rows cutting bed, insertion depth is 1/3～2/5 of cutting.Insert good back arrangement bed surface, make it smooth and cuttage soil compressed, make and transplant a cutting and soil is combined closely.Watering makes ground moistening, reaches 50%～80% to keep the field soil water content, promptly use hold insert earth can be agglomerating, loosing slightly for well of touching.Keep relative air humidity 80～85%, too high living increasingly fungal infection is lower than 60% and causes falling blade easily.The temperature regulation and control of cuttage root-taking are at 22 ℃～30 ℃, and optimal temperature is 28 ℃.Through taking the cooling of shading shed net and reducing illumination, soil temperature is 20～22 ℃, when slotting earth temperature is lower than standard, use pore watering can water spray, and water consumption is 1～2 liter every square metre.
Nutrition Management: after the cuttage, spray cobalamin and vitamin B1 solution to transplanting a cutting, solution concentration 1/5000 (mass ratio), every day, each sprayed once sooner or later, and vitamin B1 and cobalamin are used alternatingly.In addition, be after 1/2000 (mass ratio) prepared, to be advisable to squirt blade during sprinkling with the trace element fertilizer borax of selling on the market (boron fertilizer), magnesium sulfate fertilizer (fertiliser containing magnesium) by concentration, 10 days is first phase.Blade sprayed a foliage fertilizer in 7～10 days after the cuttage; After inserting fringe and producing callus, every at a distance from 10～15 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray; Take root in a large number the back every at a distance from 7～10 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray, each fertilising was carried out at the calm cloudy day, until taking root, when a stem cutting bar had 3 roots more than the 2cm, cuttage was successful.
The refining seedling
The seedling that cuttage is successful is refined seedling; Greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment; Opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, and the refining seedling (can determine according to the external environment situation in 15 days; Environmental difference in external environment and the cutting bed is big more, and the refining seedling time is long more).
Phase I cultivates
Transplantation of seedlings behind the refining seedling is gone in the nutritious bag; Wait the cultivation in a stage; Consisting of of nutrition in nutritious bag soil: 5 parts in soil (cultivating the mellow soil on ground), peat 3 parts (commercially available peat soil), 2 parts of fertilizers (cow and bullock manure becomes thoroughly decomposed) become thoroughly decomposed; Add an amount of white lime, the adjustment pH value is 7.2, and fully pulverizes mixing in the ratio that every side's nutrition soil adds superphosphate 500g.
Bottom nutritious bag, load 1/3 nutrition soil, in the middle of cuttage seeding is placed on, a hand-held seedling, proficiency is unfolded root system and the nutrition soil of remainder is inserted, and is lower than container 1.2～2.2cm with native face and is advisable.The depth of planting and the seedling degree of depth when cutting bed is consistent, decides major branch with trim mode.Keep off in the transplanting process be completely cured, blade and axillalry bud, reject the seedling of taking root of no axillalry bud, the shoot root of taking root is long, suitably cuts short, and stays about 10cm get final product, transplanting is chosen in the calm cloudy day or the dusk carries out.Nutritious bag uses specification high as 12cm, diameter 8cm, and the bottom has 4 permeable holes.
Fertilizer management: before seedling is not taken out the tip, whenever add liquid dung or other suitable farmyard manures clearly, guarantee that the blade face is moistening to get final product at a distance from 10～15 days boraxs to foliage spray one time 0.1%～0.2%.
After nursery stock was taken out the tip, the borax to foliage-spray 0.1%～0.3% added liquid dung or other farmyard manure clearly in every month, and fertilising should be carried out between the lights, forbade to apply fertilizer during high temperature at noon.
Water management: adopt the sprinkling irrigation way, moisture is uniformly distributed in the movable nutrition soil layer of seedling root, pour water and want timely and appropriate discovery; The initial stage of transplanting seedlings, an amount of duty was watered, and kept nutrition soil moistening, and the seedling speed phase of giving birth to should repeatedly water in a small amount; The growth later stage will be controlled and water; And it is unobstructed to carry out nursery lot internal drainage ditch, and finding has ponding to arrange stain immediately, accomplishes that interior water is long-pending, outer water does not flood.
Uproot weeds will be followed " early remove, diligent remove, remove to the greatest extent " principle; Accomplishing does not have weeds on interior bed surface of container and the pavement; Inspection in every month once finds that nutrition soil sinks in the nutritious bag, need in time fill up; Irregularly move container and carry out permutatation or block the outer root system of propelling container, impel its group's of formation root in container.
Main diseases insect pest in seedling stage: damping off, root rot class, aphid, defoliator class mole cricket, grub category.Control: adopt the pesticide control in the national regulation scope.
When (do not contain container height) more than the height of seedling 50cm, root footpath 0.6cm is above and well developed root system, growing way are good, Miao Ganzhi, have no mechanical damage, finish when having damage by disease and insect the phase I cultivation.
Second stage is cultivated
Cuttage seeding commentaries on classics after will cultivating the phase I is planted in the bigger nutritious bag and is cultivated.
Open country is made bed: the preceding 7 days disinfecting soil sterilization back work beds to the nursery of transplanting seedlings, bed surface is smooth.Bedside 100～150cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform and convenient operation and management.Wide 30～the 50cm of pavement has dug the drain ditch around the nursery.
Container is prepared: adopt plastic film container, back cut diameter 20～24cm, base diameter 16～20cm, high 22～26cm.Nutritive soil preparation: same with the nutrition soil phase that the phase I cultivates.
Filling 1/3 nutrition soil in plastic film container in the middle of transplant band soil placed, is inserted nutrition soil remaining part, is lower than container 2～2.5cm with native face and is advisable, and sets upright major branch with bar.Transplanting is chosen in the calm cloudy day or carries out at dusk.
Fertilizer management: watered clearly in every month that liquid dung once gets final product, fertilising should be carried out at shady and cool weather.
Water management: adopt sprinkler irrigation method to water once in 10～15 days, find to have ponding immediately ditch cleaning get rid of, when height of seedling 30～40cm checks every strain vertical rod situation, the whole use bamboo poles that do not reach the vertical rod requirement are held up directly and are tied up.Uproot weeds is accomplished no weeds in the container, carries out diseases and pests controlling with agricultural chemicals in the national regulation scope simultaneously.Nursery stock is long to carry out doing surely during to 1 meter, and shaping and bud picking in time remove to be split.When reaching 1.2～1.5m, nursery stock can go out the garden when high.
Embodiment 2 uses the inventive method to cultivate the olive seedling
Carry out subsequently 1 year, use the method identical, investigate the stability of the inventive method with embodiment.
The comparative example 1
Only use a stage to cultivate seedling, other step is identical with embodiment 1.
Cuttage
Transplant a cutting and gather:, select to hang olive tree 20 strains (kind is Buddhist FRANTOIO difficult to understand) of fruit since June 2.The annual above branch on the sunny side that ventilates at the middle part of not bearing fruit as yet then on selecting to set, the normal branch of 5 branch growths is gathered in every strain, and its length gets final product with interior at 10 centimeters, shears the branch requirement and keeps 2～4 leaves.Clip is from 0.3～0.6 centimetre of first segment in the cutting, and following clip is near saving down.After cutting shears, tie up 50～100 every bundle.The indolebutyric acid solution of bundle good cutting being put into 10,000 ppm soaked 15 hours, and the degree of depth that the base portion of transplanting a cutting immerses in the solution is 1.5～2.2cm.
Cutting bed is prepared: the matrix of cutting bed is this area perlite particle commonly used, and thickness is 10～15 centimetres, and with 0.2% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate.Set up plastic tunnel on the cutting bed, shade net is set on the booth.
Cuttage: the olive after the immersion treatment is transplanted a cutting, press in the soil of 5 centimetres of line-spacings, 2 centimetres of insertions of spacing in the rows cutting bed, insertion depth is 1/3～2/5 of cutting.Insert good back arrangement bed surface, make it smooth and cuttage soil compressed, make and transplant a cutting and soil is combined closely.Watering makes ground moistening, reaches 50%～80% to keep the field soil water content, promptly use hold insert earth can be agglomerating, loosing slightly for well of touching.Keep relative air humidity 70%, too high easy generation fungal infection is lower than 60% and causes falling blade easily.The temperature regulation and control of cuttage root-taking are at 22 ℃～30 ℃, and optimal temperature is 28 ℃.Through taking the cooling of shading shed net and reducing illumination, soil temperature is 20～22 ℃, when slotting earth temperature is lower than standard, use pore watering can water spray, and water consumption is 1～2 liter every square metre.
Nutrition Management: after the cuttage, spray cobalamin and vitamin B1 solution to transplanting a cutting, solution concentration 1/5000 (mass ratio), every day, each sprayed once sooner or later, and vitamin B1 and cobalamin are used alternatingly.In addition, be after 1/2000 (mass ratio) prepared, to be advisable to squirt blade during sprinkling with the trace element fertilizer borax of selling on the market (boron fertilizer), magnesium sulfate fertilizer (fertiliser containing magnesium) by concentration, 10 days is first phase.Blade sprayed a foliage fertilizer in 7～10 days after the cuttage; After inserting fringe and producing callus, every at a distance from 10～15 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray; Take root in a large number the back every at a distance from 7～10 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray, each fertilising will be carried out in the calm afternoon 3 at cloudy day～5, until taking root, when a stem cutting bar had 3 roots more than the 2cm, cuttage was successful.
The refining seedling
The seedling that cuttage is successful is refined seedling; Greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment; Opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, and the refining seedling (can determine according to the external environment situation in 15 days; Environmental difference in external environment and the cutting bed is big more, and the refining seedling time is long more).
Cultivate
Cuttage seeding changeed to plant in the nutritious bag cultivate.
Open country is made bed: the preceding 7 days disinfecting soil sterilization back work beds to the nursery of transplanting seedlings, bed surface is smooth.Bedside 100～150cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform and convenient operation and management.Wide 30～the 50cm of pavement has dug the drain ditch around the nursery.
Container is prepared: adopt plastic film container, back cut diameter 20～24cm, base diameter 16～20cm, high 22～26cm.
Nutritive soil preparation: 5 parts in soil, 3 parts in peat, 2 parts of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, add an amount of white lime, adjustment pH value to 7.2, and fully pulverize mixing in the ratio that every side's nutrition soil adds superphosphate 500g.
In plastic film container, load 1/3 nutrition soil, in the middle of cuttage seeding is placed on, a hand-held seedling, proficiency is unfolded root system and the nutrition soil of remainder is inserted, and is lower than container 1.2～22cm with native face and is advisable.The depth of planting and the seedling degree of depth when cutting bed is consistent, sets upright major branch with bar.Keep off in the transplanting process be completely cured, blade and axillalry bud, reject the seedling of taking root of no axillalry bud, the shoot root of taking root is long, suitably cuts short, and stays about 10cm get final product, transplanting is chosen in the calm cloudy day or the dusk carries out.
Fertilizer management: before seedling is not taken out the tip, whenever add liquid dung or other suitable farmyard manures clearly, guarantee that the blade face is moistening to get final product at a distance from 10～15 days boraxs to foliage spray one time 0.1%～0.2%.
After nursery stock was taken out the tip, the borax to foliage-spray 0.1%～0.3% added liquid dung or other farmyard manure clearly in every month, and fertilising should be carried out between the lights, forbade to apply fertilizer during high temperature at noon.
Water management: adopt the sprinkling irrigation way to water once in 10～15 days, find to have ponding immediately ditch cleaning get rid of, executed clearly liquid dung in every month once.To every strain vertical rod situation inspection, do not reach the whole of vertical rod requirement and hold up directly, tie up.Uproot weeds is accomplished no weeds in the container, carries out diseases and pests controlling with agricultural chemicals in the national regulation scope simultaneously.Nursery stock is long to carry out doing surely during to 1 meter, and shaping and bud picking in time remove to be split.When reaching 1.2～1.5m, nursery stock can go out the garden when high.
Comparative example 1 result sees table 1.The result shows, in the regular period that cuttage seeding is cultivated, through changing culture vessel.Incubation is divided into two stages, can improves qualified seedling number significantly and transplant the probability that grown in field occurred blooming and bears fruit after 2 years.This is in long-felt one unexpected the discovery, estimation maybe with the olive root system in changing the growing container process, fully unfolded with change container and nutrition soil after the growing environment that is more suitable for of acquisition relevant.
The comparative example 2
Other step of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, and difference only is need not set upright major branch in the seedling raising process.
Cuttage
Transplant a cutting and gather:, select to hang olive tree 20 strains (kind is Buddhist FRANTOIO difficult to understand) of fruit since June 2.The annual above branch on the sunny side that ventilates at the middle part of not bearing fruit as yet then on selecting to set, the normal branch of 5 branch growths is gathered in every strain, and its length gets final product with interior at 10 centimeters, shears the branch requirement and keeps 2～4 leaves.Clip is from 0.3～0.6 centimetre of first segment in the cutting, and following clip is near saving down.After cutting shears, tie up 50～100 every bundle.The indolebutyric acid solution of bundle good cutting being put into 10,000 ppm soaked 15 hours, and the degree of depth that the base portion of transplanting a cutting immerses in the solution is 1.5～2.2cm.
Cutting bed is prepared: the matrix of cutting bed is perlite, and thickness is 10～15 centimetres, and with 0.2% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate.Set up plastic tunnel on the cutting bed, shade net is set on the booth.
Cuttage: the olive after the immersion treatment is transplanted a cutting, press in the soil of 5 centimetres of line-spacings, 1～2 centimetre of insertion of spacing in the rows cutting bed, insertion depth is 1/3～2/5 of cutting.Insert good back arrangement bed surface, make it smooth and cuttage soil compressed, make and transplant a cutting and soil is combined closely.Watering makes ground moistening, reaches 50%～80% to keep the field soil water content, promptly with use portable slotting earth can be agglomerating, loosing slightly for well of touching.Keep relative air humidity 70%, too high living increasingly fungal infection is lower than 60% and causes falling blade easily.The temperature regulation and control of cuttage root-taking are at 22 ℃～30 ℃, and optimal temperature is 28 ℃.Through taking the cooling of shading shed net and reducing illumination, soil temperature is 20～22 ℃, when slotting earth temperature is lower than standard, use pore watering can water spray, and water consumption is 1～2 liter every square metre.
Nutrition Management: after the cuttage, spray cobalamin and vitamin B1 solution to transplanting a cutting, solution concentration 1/5000 (mass ratio), every day, each sprayed once sooner or later, and vitamin B1 and cobalamin are used alternatingly.In addition, be after 1/2000 (mass ratio) prepared, to be advisable to squirt blade during sprinkling by concentration also with the trace element fertilizer borax of selling on the market (boron fertilizer), magnesium sulfate fertilizer (fertiliser containing magnesium), 10 days is first phase.Blade sprayed a foliage fertilizer in 7～10 days after the cuttage; After inserting fringe and producing callus, every at a distance from 10～15 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray; Take root in a large number the back every at a distance from 7～10 days to foliage fertilizer of foliage-spray, each fertilising will be in afternoon 3～5 at calm cloudy day be carried out, until taking root, when a stem cutting bar has 3 roots more than the 2cm, the cuttage success.
The refining seedling
The seedling that cuttage is successful is refined seedling; Greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment; Opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, and the refining seedling (can determine according to the external environment situation in 15 days; Environmental difference in external environment and the cutting bed is big more, and the refining seedling time is long more).
Phase I cultivates
Transplantation of seedlings behind the refining seedling is gone in the nutritious bag; Wait the cultivation in a stage; Consisting of of nutrition in nutritious bag soil: 5 parts in soil, 3 parts in peat, 2 parts of fertilizers become thoroughly decomposed; Add an amount of white lime, adjust pH value, and fully pulverize mixing in the ratio that every side's nutrition soil adds superphosphate 500g to 7.2 scopes.
Bottom nutritious bag, load 1/3 nutrition soil, in the middle of cuttage seeding is placed on, a hand-held seedling, proficiency is unfolded root system and the nutrition soil of remainder is inserted, and is lower than container 1.2～2.2cm with native face and is advisable.The depth of planting and the seedling degree of depth when cutting bed is consistent.Keep off in the transplanting process be completely cured, blade and axillalry bud, reject the seedling of taking root of no axillalry bud, the shoot root of taking root is long, suitably cuts short, and stays about 10cm get final product, transplanting is chosen in the calm cloudy day or the dusk carries out.Nutritious bag uses specification high as 12cm, diameter 8cm, and the bottom has 4 permeable holes.
Fertilizer management: before seedling is not taken out the tip, whenever add liquid dung or other suitable farmyard manures clearly, guarantee that the blade face is moistening to get final product at a distance from 10～15 days boraxs to foliage spray one time 0.1%～0.2%.
After nursery stock was taken out the tip, the borax to foliage-spray 0.1%～0.3% added liquid dung or other farmyard manure clearly in every month, and fertilising should be carried out between the lights, forbade to apply fertilizer during high temperature at noon.
Water management: adopt the sprinkling irrigation way, moisture is uniformly distributed in the movable nutrition soil layer of seedling root, pour water and want timely and appropriate discovery; The initial stage of transplanting seedlings, an amount of duty was watered, and kept nutrition soil moistening, and the seedling speed phase of giving birth to answers time volume few; The growth later stage will be controlled and water; And it is unobstructed to carry out nursery lot internal drainage ditch, and finding has ponding to arrange stain immediately, accomplishes that interior water is long-pending, outer water does not flood.
Uproot weeds will be followed " early remove, diligent remove, remove to the greatest extent " principle; Accomplishing does not have weeds on interior bed surface of container and the pavement; Inspection in every month once finds that nutrition soil sinks in the nutritious bag, need in time fill up; Irregularly move container and carry out permutatation or block the outer root system of propelling container, impel its group's of formation root in container.
Main diseases insect pest in seedling stage: damping off, root rot class, aphid, defoliator class mole cricket, grub category.Control: adopt the pesticide control in the national regulation scope.
When (do not contain container height) more than the height of seedling 50cm, root footpath 0.6cm is above and well developed root system, growing way are good, Miao Ganzhi, have no mechanical damage, finish when having damage by disease and insect the phase I cultivation.
Second stage is cultivated
Cuttage seeding commentaries on classics after will cultivating the phase I is planted in the bigger nutritious bag and is cultivated.
Open country is made bed: the preceding 7 days disinfecting soil sterilization back work beds to the nursery of transplanting seedlings, bed surface is smooth.Bedside 100～150cm, bed is long to be decided according to landform and convenient operation and management.Wide 30～the 50cm of pavement has dug the drain ditch around the nursery.
Container is prepared: adopt plastic film container, back cut diameter 20～24cm, base diameter 16～20cm, high 22～26cm.
Nutritive soil preparation: same with the nutrition soil phase that the phase I cultivates.
Filling 1/3 nutrition soil in plastic film container in the middle of transplant band soil placed, is inserted nutrition soil remaining part, is lower than container 2～2.5cm with native face and is advisable.Transplanting is chosen in the calm cloudy day or carries out at dusk.
Fertilizer management: watered clearly in every month that liquid dung once gets final product, fertilising should be carried out at shady and cool weather.
Water management: adopt sprinkler irrigation method to water once in 10～15 days, find to have ponding ditch cleaning eliminating immediately.Uproot weeds is accomplished no weeds in the container, carries out diseases and pests controlling with agricultural chemicals in the national regulation scope simultaneously.Nursery stock is long to carry out doing surely during to 1 meter, and shaping and bud picking in time remove to be split.When reaching 1.2～1.5m, nursery stock can go out the garden when high.
The seedling culture result sees table 1.The result shows that setting upright major branch is a steps necessary, but cultivates stage by stage the influence of whole structure is too late.
The comparative example 3,4,5
The applicant finds in R&D process, and the prescription of nutrition soil is also to the cultivation of olive seedling and transplant grown in field occur blooming after 2 years the bear fruit situation of strain number certain influence is arranged.Can be briefly experimental result through comparative example in the table one 3,4,5 obtain reflection.
Other step of comparative example 3 is identical with embodiment 1, and difference only is that the basic recipe of nutrition soil becomes soil: peat: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=6: 3: 1.It is native more than 40% that the result shows that its each item index is lower than the nutrition of using among the present invention, and main influence is that the qualification rate of growing seedlings that is the phase I just reduces significantly.
Other step of comparative example 4 is identical with embodiment 1, and difference only is not application of P fertilizer superphosphate.Experimental result shows that its each item index is lower than embodiment 1, transplants grown in field occur blooming after the 2 years strain number of bearing fruit and reduces significantly but main difference appears at, and previous experiments shows that the effect of superphosphate is superior to other phosphate fertilizer such as potassium superphosphate again.
Other step of comparative example 5 is identical with embodiment 1, and difference only is not use white lime.Experimental result shows that its each item index is lower than embodiment 1, but its to grow seedlings passing number with transplant grown in field occur blooming after the 2 years strain number of bearing fruit comparatively significantly influence all arranged.
Table 1: the experimental result of different breeding methods
Visible by above-mentioned instance, the inventive method can effectively improve the quality and quantity of the qualified seedling of olive seedling.And the experiment of passing through the same period shows; The inventive method is inner the use on Crow Lycra (Koroneika), Ke Ladi (Coratina), Hubei Province value (Ezhi), beans fruit kinds such as (Arbequina) in the local experiment base of applicant; Also can obtain to go up the quality and quantity of the qualified seedling of identical obvious raising olive seedling, and early blossoming early bearing strain number and the obvious technique effect that improves of quality thereof appear in the qualified seedling of cultivating behind the grown in field in 2 years at Buddhist (Frantoio) difficult to understand.Above-mentioned instance also shows simultaneously; Each key element of the inventive method has formed an integral body that cooperatively interacts; These factors of seedling raising manners of investigating among the comparative example and nutrient component cooperatively interact each other; Change indivedual conditions wherein separately, also can entire method produce bigger influence, the method that this creatively develops in the exploration of actual production for many years with beat all outstanding technique effect.
Visible by above-mentioned instance, the Miao Ganzhi of the seedling that this method is cultivated, height of seedling are more than 130cm, and the hat width of cloth reaches more than the 50cm, and more than the leading thread 1cm, tree vigo(u)r is good.Especially the qualified seedling of cultivating early blossoming early bearing strain number behind the grown in field in 2 years, occurs and quality all is superior to prior art, has solved a technical barrier of this area.The inventive method is easy and simple to handle, and is with low cost, has good application prospects, can shorten the reciprocation cycle of olive plantation, increases economic efficiency greatly, gives up grower's misgivings, and the industrialization of promoting olive is better had great importance.
Claims (9)
1. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, cuttage: clip olive branch, insert on the cutting bed after auxin soaks and obtain seedling;
B, refining seedling: the seedling that cuttage in a step obtains is refined seedling;
C, phase I cultivate: the seedling after the b step process is planted in the container of the nutritious soil of prepackage, prune and confirm major branch; Used disposable fertilizer material at least in per 15～20 days; Treat height of seedling to 40cm～60cm, fibrous root is dense, and root system is long and finish the phase I when agglomerating and cultivate, and the time is 4～6 months;
D, second stage cultivate: after the phase I cultivates and accomplish, seedling replanting is gone into to pre-install the cultivation of carrying out second stage in the container of nutritious soil, set upright major branch; Fully carry out water supply, applied fertilizer once at least in every month, can go out the garden when nursery stock reaches 1.2～1.5m height, the time is 4～6 months.
2. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the auxin among the said step a is the indolebutyric acid of 10,000 ppm or the carbendazim of 70～120ppm, and soak time is 12～18 hours.
3. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the matrix of cutting bed is perlite among the said step a, vermiculite adds clay or the grains of sand add peat, and pH is 6.5～7.5.
4. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: set up booth on the cutting bed among the said step a, shade net is set on the booth, keeping the interior relative air humidity of booth is 80～85%; Temperature is 22～28 ℃ in the canopy, and soil temperature is 20～22 ℃.
5. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the seedling that the said cuttage of step b obtains is meant the long cuttage branch that at least 3 above roots of 2cm are arranged.
6. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the said refining seedling of step b is meant the greenhouse film on the cutting bed and shading screen opened wide seedling is exposed in the external environment; Opened wide 2 hours from every day, the unlimited time increases day by day, 10～20 days seedling time of refining.
7. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said nutrition soil is fully pulverized to mix by soil, peat and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed and is formed, and its ratio is a soil: peat: the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed=5: 3: 2.
8. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adding an amount of white lime in the said nutrition soil, is 7.0～7.2 with the adjustment pH value.
9. the method for olive cuttage and seedling culture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: every cubic metre of nutrition soil adds superphosphate 450g～550g in the said nutrition soil, and fully mixes.
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