CN105359789A - Sabina przewalskii quick breeding method - Google Patents
Sabina przewalskii quick breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359789A CN105359789A CN201510782278.3A CN201510782278A CN105359789A CN 105359789 A CN105359789 A CN 105359789A CN 201510782278 A CN201510782278 A CN 201510782278A CN 105359789 A CN105359789 A CN 105359789A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Sabina przewalskii quick breeding method to solve a problem of Sabina przewalskii breeding difficulty. The Sabina przewalskii quick breeding method comprises the following steps of (A) preparing cutting slips and processing, (B) cutting and (C) nursing seedlings, wherein in the (B) step, the cutting slips are directly inserted into substrate; full-light atomizing equipment is started to spray a bed surface in an intermitted way, so the cutting slips are tightly combined with the substrate; the cutting slips are atomized by full-light atomizing cuttage seedling-nursing equipment every day after cuttage; by the last ten-day of October, when nursery stocks stop growing, the bed is exchanged for Sabina przewalskii seedlings nursing; cuttage survival Sabina przewalskii are transplanted to a nutrition pot; nutrient soil with the thickness of 4 to 5cm is placed in the nutrition pot; seedlings are placed into the nutrition pot and then substrate is placed; the seedlings are lightly lifted up to ensure root to stretch; and at last the seedlings are placed on a seedling bed in a tidy way. Full-light atomizing cuttage seedling nursing technology is employed and a daylight greenhouse plastic nutrition pot is combined for transplantation; a sunshield net is built; scientific management is employed; and transplantation survival rate can reach by more than 90%, so survival rate of Sabina przewalskii cuttage in a dry area is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of forestry, be specifically related to a kind of Sabina przewalskii propagation method.
Background technology
Sabina przewalskii (
sabinaPrzewalskii) be China's endemic tree, originate in Qinghai, Hexi Corridor In Gansu and south, Northern Sichuan Province.Be distributed in tailo, half tailo or half Schattenseite, resistance to high and cold, arid, pole impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, aiphyllium, rare shrub shape.The Ecological distribution characteristics special due to it and widely adaptability, become the chief species of arid area greening.Flourishing root system has the solid soil of good water conservation and water conservation effect, can be used as arid, high and cold area reproducting tree species or grassland pasture protection forest.The dark green wish of tree crown is dripped, and bar is straight stands upright for tree, can make the Landscape Trees of arid area in area, to improving urban ecological environment, improves urban look and is worth and has great importance.But because Sabina przewalskii natural forest is distributed on more remote, High aititude, tailo, the stony cut slope of half tailo and brown earth more, associated tree species is few, and natural regeneration is very difficult.Sabina przewalskii natural stands is degenerated serious, and seed production is low, of poor quality, and seed benevolence rate generally only has 10% ~ 20%, and latter stage of ripening is long, generally after planting needs within 2 years, just can emerge, and it is short then 4 years that seedling goes out garden, long then 6 years, breeds difficult.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding, to solve the problem of Sabina przewalskii breeding difficulty.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is, a kind of Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding, comprise the steps: that A, cuttings prepare and process: mid-June-mid-July, choose the Sabina przewalskii middle and upper part of 5-8 robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the 1-2 branch in age that has no mechanical damage as cutting;
B, cuttage: by cuttings straight cutting in matrix, unlatching full exposure spraying facility carries out batch (-type) spray bed surface makes cuttings closely be combined with matrix; After cuttage, every day sprays with full exposure spraying cuttage and seedling culture equipment;
C, nursery: late October is after nursery stock stops growing, carry out Sabina przewalskii and change a nursery, the Sabina przewalskii of cutting survival is transplanted in nutritive cube, the Nutrition Soil of 4-5cm is loaded onto in nutritive cube, then nursery stock is put into nutritive cube, put into matrix, carry seedling gently, guarantee that root system is unfolded, neatly put on ready-made seedbed;
Nutritive soil preparation process in nutritive cube is: make raw material with the soil of thickleaf spruce nursery, adopts the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio of perlite, loam, sieves, mix decay sheep excrement and phosphorus two ammonium, fully stir, and carry out disinfection with the ferrous sulfate that concentration is 3 ~ 5%;
D, change a bed seedling and cultivate: behind smooth good soil, plough deeply, use decomposed manure for every mu, then planting stock;
E, tending management.
Preferably, described step B and step C mesostroma are pure river sand.
Preferably, before described step B cuttage, adopt the phoxim spray bed surface sterilizing of 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate and 0.01%, again with 800 times of carbendazim spray seedbed bed surfaces.
Preferably, when cutting cuttings in steps A, clip is level and smooth, is cut into the cuttings of long 16-20cm, side shoot in removing base portion 5cm, and retain terminal bud, shear latter every 30 and be bundled into 1 bundle, base portion code is neat, and being immersed in mass fraction is in the growth regulator ABT1 of 100-200mg/kg.
Preferably, in described step B cuttage, cuttings inserts dark 4-5cm, seeding row spacing 5cm × 10cm.
Preferably, it is 0.03 millimeter that described step C Middle nutrition alms bowl is placed in thickness, and middle and lower part is made a call in the nutritive cube bag of 10 cm x 20 centimetres in 6 holes.
Preferably, the Nutrition Soil Zhong Jia composite fertilizer in described step C nutritive cube and ferrous sulfate chemical fertilizer, mix the one in Tuzet, carbendazim or Furadan simultaneously, be uniformly mixed with Nutrition Soil, packs after 7 ~ 10 hours with plastic film covering.
Preferably, described step D changes in a seedling cultivation, and decomposed manure 4 cubic metres is used on every mu of ground, and mu executes N, P, K composite fertilizer 20-25 kilogram.
Preferably, described step D changes in a seedling cultivation, determines seedling planting point, and with the seeding row spacing of 30 cm x 40 centimetres fixed point, digging cave specification is 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 centimetres.
Preferably, in described step e tending management, fill with sufficient water in time after the transfer, pour water with backsight soil moisture content, Controlled irrigation after late August, the whole year pours water 5-6 time; Applying fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, imposing instant nitrogenousfertilizer 2 times late June, mid-July, 10 kilograms every mu at every turn; The whole year weeds with a hoe 4-5 time.
Feature of the present invention is: one cutting time select mid-June-mid-July; Two is using the Sabina przewalskii middle and upper part 1-2 branch in age of 5-8 robust growth as cuttage material, the long 16-20cm of clip cuttings; Three is cuttages, inserts dark 4-5cm; Four is that after skewer cuttage, according to circumstances time opening full exposure spraying facility is sprayed; Five is carry out greenhouse plastic nutritional alms bowl bag in mid or late October to transplant nursery.
The present invention adopts full exposure spraying cuttage raise seedling technique; transplant in conjunction with greenhouse by solar heat plastic nutritional alms bowl bag; and set up sunshade net; scientific management; transplanting survival rate reaches more than 90%, achieves and improves arid biogeographic zone Sabina przewalskii cuttage survival rate, and shorten the cultivating seedlings cycle; carry out nursery stock scale breeding, achieve scale quick propagation.For arid biogeographic zone protection rare tree species Sabina przewalskii provenance, enrich urban greening species, protection & restoration natural forest upgrades and has important effect, also for widely applying Sabina przewalskii to provide seedling guarantee from now in arid and semi-arid Desert Regions.Now breeding nursery stock 50,000 strain, applies in surrounding areas such as Zhangye, achieves good Social Ecology benefit and economic benefit.
Embodiment
The following examples can further illustrate the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1
1, full exposure auto spraying culture facility
Adopt the full sunshine and spray cuttage and seedling culture equipment that forestry in Beijing technology company of China Forestry Science Research Institute provides.According to the requirement of sprayer unit, building up the circular slotting machine of diameter 15m, high 25cm, is ensure the permeability of slotting machine, and the thick cobble of 5cm is laid in bottom, and 15cm thick pure river sand in upper berth is as cutting medium.The phoxim spray bed surface sterilizing of 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate and 0.01% is adopted before cuttage.
2, cuttings prepares and process
In mid-June, the Sabina przewalskii middle and upper part choosing 8 years robust growth without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage 2 age branch as cutting, gather after cutting and immerse in time in clear water, in case dehydration; Require that clip is level and smooth when cutting cuttings, be cut into the cuttings of long 20cm, the side shoot (leaf) in removing base portion 5cm, and retain terminal bud, shear latter every 30 and be bundled into 1 bundle, base portion code is neat, being immersed in mass fraction is in the growth regulator ABT1 of 100-200mg/kg, soaks 2h.
3, cuttage
In order to avoid cuttings endangers by fungi, bacterium, again adopt 800 times of carbendazim spray bed surfaces before cuttage, carry out sterilization treatment.Carry out with adopting bar, with process, with cuttage.First with little scoop scarifying bed surface, by cuttings straight cutting in matrix, insert dark 2-3cm, seeding row spacing 5cm × 10cm, flicking after inserting, open in time full exposure spraying facility after cuttage and carry out batch (-type) spray bed surface cuttings is combined closely with matrix.
4, management after inserting
Setting spraying and interval time is adjusted in time according to weather conditions.Open full exposure spraying facility every day in fine day to spray, avoid cuttings dehydration to affect survival rate.
5, feeding block seedlings raising
(1) seedbed prepares in intelligent greenhouse, and be long 23m, the sunken bed of wide 1.4m, the pavement being simultaneously wide 30cm is convenient to operation.
(2) nutritive soil preparation
Make raw material with the soil of thickleaf spruce nursery, employing perlite, loam press 1:1 mixing, sieve, mix appropriate decay sheep excrement, phosphorus two ammonium, fully stir, and carry out disinfection with the ferrous sulfate of 5%.For increasing fertility every mu sealing fertilizer 200 kilograms, ferrous sulfate chemical fertilizer 400 kilograms, mixing Tuzet 1 kilogram simultaneously, being uniformly mixed and packing after 10 hours with covered rearing with plastic film.
(3) pack is transplanted: adopt thickness to be 0.03 millimeter, the plastic nutritional alms bowl bag of 10 cm x 20 centimetres in 6 holes is played in middle and lower part.Late October, after nursery stock stops growing, carries out Sabina przewalskii and changes a nursery, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the Sabina przewalskii of cutting survival.In nutritive cube, first load onto the Nutrition Soil of 5cm with scuppit, then nursery stock is put into nutritive cube, put into matrix, carry seedling gently, guarantee that root system is unfolded, after transplanting, code is neat, neatly puts on ready-made seedbed.
Pack will fill compacting, and want neat symmetrical when nutritive cube bag is put, height is consistent, and arrangement closely.Space soil between nutritive cube bag fills up, prevent moisture evaporate and after watering nutritive cube bag skew.
(4) water and directly to be poured water on seedbed by flood irrigation, nutritive cube is absorbed water by small hole at bottom part, avoids water discounting seedling branch.
(5) combination of applying fertilizer is poured water, and evenly applies with a certain amount of urea and diammonium phosphate in vegetative period before watering at every turn.
6, change a seedling to cultivate
(1) nursery that nursery selects that geology is smooth, sandy soil that illumination is good, fertile or sandy loam, slight clay, irrigation condition are good.
(2) wholely, transplant smooth good soil after, plough deeply, rake thin, use decomposed manure 4 cubic metres for every mu, mu executes N, P, K composite fertilizer 25 kilograms.Then unwrapping wire determination seedling planting point, fixes a point with the seeding row spacing of 30 cm x 40 centimetres.Digging cave specification is 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 centimetres, transplants, nutritive cube is transported to nursery lot gently together with nursery stock mid-April, and preferably limit is removed nutritive cube limit and planted, and avoids soil to stick together loose as far as possible.Nursery stock puts into cave will make root system unfold, and adopts the method for " three bury two step on carry " to carry out field planting, ensures root system and native close contact, is advisable to bury the native trace of shoot root.
(3) intertillage, weeding to be strengthened after tending management Nursery stock transplanting, pour water, the management work such as fertilising.Fill with sufficient water in time after transplanting, pour water with backsight soil moisture content, Controlled irrigation after late August, is beneficial to the abundant lignification of nursery stock, pours water the whole year 6 times; Applying fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, imposing instant nitrogenousfertilizer respectively 2 times late June, mid-July, 10 kilograms every mu at every turn; Weed with a hoe in time, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", the whole year weeds with a hoe 4-5 time, for growth of seedling creates good condition.
(4) overwinter management fills with foot winter water mid-November, improves cold hardiness.
Embodiment 2
1, full exposure auto spraying culture facility
Adopt the full sunshine and spray cuttage and seedling culture equipment that forestry in Beijing technology company of China Forestry Science Research Institute provides.According to the requirement of sprayer unit, building up the circular slotting machine of diameter 15m, high 25cm, is ensure the permeability of slotting machine, and the thick cobble of 5cm is laid in bottom, and 15cm thick pure river sand in upper berth is as cutting medium.The phoxim spray bed surface sterilizing of 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate and 0.01% is adopted before cuttage.
2, cuttings prepares and process
In mid-July, the Sabina przewalskii middle and upper part choosing 5 years robust growth without damage by disease and insect, have no mechanical damage 1 age branch as cutting, gather after cutting and immerse in time in clear water, in case dehydration; Require that clip is level and smooth when cutting cuttings, be cut into the cuttings of long 16cm, the side shoot (leaf) in removing base portion 5cm, and retain terminal bud, shear latter every 30 and be bundled into 1 bundle, base portion code is neat, being immersed in mass fraction is in the growth regulator ABT1 of 100-200mg/kg, soaks 2.5h.
3, cuttage
In order to avoid cuttings endangers by fungi, bacterium, again adopt 800 times of carbendazim spray bed surfaces before cuttage, carry out sterilization treatment.Carry out with adopting bar, with process, with cuttage.First with little scoop scarifying bed surface, by cuttings straight cutting in matrix, insert dark 4-5cm, seeding row spacing 5cm × 10cm, flicking after inserting, open in time full exposure spraying facility after cuttage and carry out batch (-type) spray bed surface cuttings is combined closely with matrix.
4, management after inserting
Setting spraying and interval time is adjusted in time according to weather conditions.Open full exposure spraying facility every day in fine day to spray, avoid cuttings dehydration to affect survival rate.
5, feeding block seedlings raising
(1) seedbed prepares in intelligent greenhouse, and be long 23m, the sunken bed of wide 1.4m, the pavement being simultaneously wide 30cm is convenient to operation.
(2) nutritive soil preparation
Make raw material with the soil of thickleaf spruce nursery, employing perlite, loam press 1:1 mixing, sieve, mix appropriate decay sheep excrement, phosphorus two ammonium, fully stir, and carry out disinfection with the ferrous sulfate of 3%.For increasing fertility every mu sealing fertilizer 200 kilograms, ferrous sulfate chemical fertilizer 400 kilograms, mixing Furadan 1 kilogram simultaneously, being uniformly mixed and packing after 7 hours with covered rearing with plastic film.
(3) pack is transplanted: adopt thickness to be 0.03 millimeter, the plastic nutritional alms bowl bag of 10 cm x 20 centimetres in 6 holes is played in middle and lower part.Late October, after nursery stock stops growing, carries out Sabina przewalskii and changes a nursery, is transplanted in nutritive cube by the Sabina przewalskii of cutting survival.In nutritive cube, first load onto the Nutrition Soil of 4cm with scuppit, then nursery stock is put into nutritive cube, put into matrix, carry seedling gently, guarantee that root system is unfolded, after transplanting, code is neat, neatly puts on ready-made seedbed.
Pack will fill compacting, and want neat symmetrical when nutritive cube bag is put, height is consistent, and arrangement closely.Space soil between nutritive cube bag fills up, prevent moisture evaporate and after watering nutritive cube bag skew.
(4) water and directly to be poured water on seedbed by flood irrigation, nutritive cube is absorbed water by small hole at bottom part, avoids water discounting seedling branch.
(5) combination of applying fertilizer is poured water, and evenly applies with a certain amount of urea and diammonium phosphate in vegetative period before watering at every turn.
6, change a seedling to cultivate
(1) nursery that nursery selects that geology is smooth, sandy soil that illumination is good, fertile or sandy loam, slight clay, irrigation condition are good.
(2) wholely, transplant smooth good soil after, plough deeply, rake thin, use decomposed manure 4 cubic metres for every mu, mu executes N, P, K composite fertilizer 20 kilograms.Then unwrapping wire determination seedling planting point, fixes a point with the seeding row spacing of 30 cm x 40 centimetres.Digging cave specification is 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 centimetres, transplants, nutritive cube is transported to nursery lot gently together with nursery stock mid-April, and preferably limit is removed nutritive cube limit and planted, and avoids soil to stick together loose as far as possible.Nursery stock puts into cave will make root system unfold, and adopts the method for " three bury two step on carry " to carry out field planting, ensures root system and native close contact, is advisable to bury the native trace of shoot root.
(3) intertillage, weeding to be strengthened after tending management Nursery stock transplanting, pour water, the management work such as fertilising.Fill with sufficient water in time after transplanting, pour water with backsight soil moisture content, Controlled irrigation after late August, is beneficial to the abundant lignification of nursery stock, pours water the whole year 5 times; Applying fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, imposing instant nitrogenousfertilizer respectively 2 times late June, mid-July, 10 kilograms every mu at every turn; Weed with a hoe in time, accomplish " except early, except little, except ", the whole year weeds with a hoe 4-5 time, for growth of seedling creates good condition.
(4) overwinter management fills with foot winter water mid-November, improves cold hardiness.
Claims (10)
1. a Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, cuttings prepare and process: mid-June-mid-July, choose the Sabina przewalskii middle and upper part of 5-8 robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the 1-2 branch in age that has no mechanical damage as cutting;
B, cuttage: by cuttings straight cutting in matrix, unlatching full exposure spraying facility carries out batch (-type) spray bed surface makes cuttings closely be combined with matrix; After cuttage, every day sprays with full exposure spraying cuttage and seedling culture equipment;
C, nursery: late October is after nursery stock stops growing, carry out Sabina przewalskii and change a nursery, the Sabina przewalskii of cutting survival is transplanted in nutritive cube, the Nutrition Soil of 4-5cm is loaded onto in nutritive cube, then nursery stock is put into nutritive cube, put into matrix, carry seedling gently, guarantee that root system is unfolded, neatly put on ready-made seedbed;
Nutritive soil preparation process in nutritive cube is: make raw material with the soil of thickleaf spruce nursery, adopts the 1:1 mixing in mass ratio of perlite, loam, sieves, mix decay sheep excrement and phosphorus two ammonium, fully stir, and carry out disinfection with the ferrous sulfate that concentration is 3 ~ 5%;
D, change a bed seedling and cultivate: behind smooth good soil, plough deeply, use decomposed manure for every mu, then planting stock;
E, tending management.
2. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step B and step C mesostroma are pure river sand.
3. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the phoxim spray bed surface sterilizing adopting 0.01% liquor potassic permanganate and 0.01% before described step B cuttage, again with 800 times of carbendazim spray seedbed bed surfaces.
4. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: when cutting cuttings in steps A, clip is level and smooth, be cut into the cuttings of long 16-20cm, side shoot in removing base portion 5cm, and retain terminal bud, shear latter every 30 and be bundled into 1 bundle, base portion code is neat, and being immersed in mass fraction is in the growth regulator ABT1 of 100-200mg/kg.
5. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 4, is characterized in that: in described step B cuttage, cuttings inserts dark 4-5cm2-3cm, seeding row spacing 5cm × 10cm.
6. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 5, is characterized in that: it is 0.03 millimeter that described step C Middle nutrition alms bowl is placed in thickness, and middle and lower part is made a call in the nutritive cube bag of 10 cm x 20 centimetres in 6 holes.
7. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the Nutrition Soil Zhong Jia composite fertilizer in described step C nutritive cube and ferrous sulfate chemical fertilizer, mix the one in Tuzet, carbendazim or Furadan simultaneously, be uniformly mixed with Nutrition Soil, pack after 7 ~ 10 hours with plastic film covering.
8. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described step D changes in a seedling cultivation, and decomposed manure 4 cubic metres is used on every mu of ground, and mu executes N, P, K composite fertilizer 20-25 kilogram.
9. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described step D changes in a seedling cultivation, determines seedling planting point, and with the seeding row spacing of 30 cm x 40 centimetres fixed point, digging cave specification is 30 cm x 30 cm x 40 centimetres.
10. Sabina przewalskii method for quickly breeding according to claim 9, is characterized in that: in described step e tending management, and fill with sufficient water in time after the transfer, pour water with backsight soil moisture content, Controlled irrigation after late August, the whole year pours water 5-6 time; Applying fertilizer in conjunction with pouring water, imposing instant nitrogenousfertilizer 2 times late June, mid-July, 10 kilograms every mu at every turn; The whole year weeds with a hoe 4-5 time.
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| CN105724025A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-06 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for increasing picea crassifolia twig cuttage survival rate through hormone treatment |
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| CN109005972A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院 | A kind of cuttage breeding method and implantation methods of Sabina przewalskii |
| CN111165218A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Device for improving survival rate of rose planted in erosion gully in four seasons and application method thereof |
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| CN105746274A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for raising Qilian juniper seedlings by carrying out cuttage by virtue of twigs |
| CN107409726A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-01 | 甘肃九间棚农业科技有限公司 | A kind of honeysuckle nutrient bag bagging method for planting |
| CN109005972A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-18 | 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院 | A kind of cuttage breeding method and implantation methods of Sabina przewalskii |
| CN111165218A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Device for improving survival rate of rose planted in erosion gully in four seasons and application method thereof |
| CN111165218B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2023-10-20 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Device for improving planting survival rate of four-season roses in erosion ditches and application method of device |
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