CN102584484A - Multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate for greening - Google Patents
Multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate for greening Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate for greening. The multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate mainly comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 45-55 percent of pearl stone, 30-40 percent of thoroughly-decomposed wood dust, 8-13 percent of medical stone and 2-7 percent of pumice serving as media; meanwhile, a nutritional layer consisting of 8-20 g/m<3> of inorganic fertilizer nitrification inhibitor, 150-280 g/m<3> of agricultural potassium sulfate, 100-400 g/m<3> of diammonium phosphate, 200-500 g/m<3> of urea, 10-30 g/m<3> of agricultural copper sulfate, 15-40 g/m<3> of manganese sulfate, 10-30 g/m<3> of agricultural zinc sulfate, 10-30 g/m<3> of agricultural ferrous sulfate, 5-15 g/m<3> of boric acid, 200-300 g/m<3> of plant water retention agent and 0.19-0.38 g/m<3> of microbial insecticide is added; and a draining layer consists of water accumulating and draining plates for greening. The multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate has the excellent properties of high particle strength, stable performance, durability, light weight, cleanliness, multiple functions, complete drainage, water retention, fertilizer retention, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, easiness and convenience for constructing, suitability for plant growth, and the like. The multifunctional light inorganic culturing substrate with a special agglomerate porous structure is better suitable for root system development of plants, and has a good fixing effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of afforestation project and use culture substrate; Be specially adapted to architecture greenings such as roof greening, the seasons in the sun Room, ecological bridge, can be used for also that container nursery, square container flowers beautify, the greening of engineering such as family and office potted flower, alkaline land improving, transplanting big tree cultivates light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic.
Background technology
In recent years, roof greening has become one of important measures of urban afforestation.Compare with the roof garden, light-duty roof greening relies on advantages such as cost is low, afforestation effect is fast, maintenance is easy, promotion rate, construction area cumulative year after year.Not long ago, in the vertical planting energy-saving low-carbon symposial of holding in Shanghai, the participant expert had carried out analysis introduction to the relevant goods, materials and equipments of light-duty roof greening again.Particularly point out Shanghai Expo venue and concentrate the enforcement vertical planting, showed the trend that future city plant for building covers.
" green " Roof system construction project in Shanghai World's Fair Canada shop receives domestic and international colleague's approval with outstanding performance.The relevant expert points out that the market share of American-European roof greening 80% is light-duty roof greening, for this reason, researches and develops novel goods, materials and equipments and satisfies the vital task that different light-duty roof greening demands also become more and more goods, materials and equipments enterprises, greening company.
Domestic existing other greening light ground mass product, for example South-China Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences's development product prescription has: peat soil 40-45%, yellow soil 18-20%, wood sawdust 10-15%, coconut palm chaff 8-10%, haydite 4-5%, perlite 3-4%, the fertile 0.81-1% of long-acting composite slow release, a small amount of water-holding agent.
And for example Chinese Guilin and note roof greening Ltd development product prescription are: main nutrition contains non-metallic minerals 58-72%; Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium total amount 1.8-2.2%, other trace element that calcium 27.3mg/kg, iron 71.34mg/kg, manganese 71mg/kg and plant are required.
In addition, Shanghai Ya Xuan afforestation project ltd rides in Liaoning own peat soil factory and Pudong New District fertilizer factory, and production is the roof greening lightweight nutrition soil (roof greening matrix) of major ingredient etc. with northeast peat.
Above-mentioned greening light ground mass product deficiency is in: physical and chemical index unstable, exist pollute, growing requirements that available nutrient content is not enough to supply plant, water-retentivity is relatively poor, does not have the insecting driving insect effect, front-end investment cost and later stage, foster pipe expense was more high.
The applicant is called inorganic planting substrate for plantation as far back as the name of application in 2004, and the number of patenting is 200410072723 patent right; But find that when practical application there are problems such as water-retentivity, fertilizer slow property be relatively poor in this product; Because this technical scheme exists above not enough; Therefore, how further to improve matrix fertilizer slow-releasing and water retention property, become one of this those skilled in the art problem anxious to be addressed.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned weak point, particularly effectively solve the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists; Provide a kind of reasonable in design, economize on resources, obvious results greening cultivates light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic.
Following for realizing the embodiment that above-mentioned purpose the present invention adopted: a kind of greening is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, and the main composition that it is characterized in that said matrix by volume per-cent is counted: with the perlite of 45-55%, the wood sawdust that 30-40% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the medical stone of 8-13%, the float stone of 2-7% is medium; Simultaneously by weight/and various components below the volume unit interpolation: mineral manure nitrification inhibitor 8-20g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 150-280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 100-400g/m
3, urea 200-500g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 10-30g/m
3, manganous sulfate 15-40 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 10-30g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 10-30g/m
3, boric acid 5-15g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 200-300g/m
3And microbial pesticide 0.19-0.38g/m
3Mix the nutritive layer of forming; Layer of displacement is made up of with the drainage plate greening.
Be provided with above the said nutritive layer one deck by volume the per-cent meter by 100% medical stone; Perhaps the 70-80% medical stone adds the 20-30% float stone and mixes the tectum of forming.
The physical and chemical index of said nutritive layer is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 200 ㎜/hr, particle diameter 2-4 ㎜, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, fertility 300-800 μ s/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
Said tectal physical and chemical index is: aerated density 1200-1500 ㎏/m
3, particle diameter 3-5 ㎜, pass through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, pH6.5-8.
The physical and chemical index of said layer of displacement is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, drain board hole 2-4 ㎜, compressive strength 30Ton/ ㎡, pH7-8.
Add the mixture as fertilizer sources that the trace elements such as composite fertilizer and copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) constitute in the said nutritive layer, add nitrification inhibitor and microbial pesticide simultaneously as synergistic agent.
The mixture as fertilizer sources that trace elements such as the composite fertilizer of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) and copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron constitute specifically is made up of following chemical fertilizer: agricultural potassium sulfate (effective constituent potassium oxide content 50%) 150-280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate (effective constituent nitrogen element content 18%, phosphorus pentoxide content 46%) 100-400g/m
3, urea (effective constituent nitrogen element content 46%) 200-500 g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate (effective constituent copper content 25.4%) 10-30 g/m
3, manganous sulfate (effective constituent manganese element content 26%) 15-40 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate (effective constituent zinc element content 23%) 10-30 g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate (effective constituent iron content 19%) 10-30 g/m
3, boric acid (effective constituent boron content 17%) 5-15 g/m
3
The invention provides a kind of multifunctional greening with inorganic cultivation light ground mass, this matrix belongs to the greening material, mainly is the roof greening material of light ground mass.Along with quickening of urbanization process, high building stands in great numbers, the city of crowding in a large number of cement works thing, and tropical island effect is more obvious, and is for increasing greenery area, stronger to the demand of roof greening, balcony greening etc.The present invention strengthens promoting roof greening for utilizing light material; Improve green coverage, improve people's living environment quality, provide a kind of and be the master, add the novel roof greening substrate formula that plant efficient water-holding agent and slow-acting type inorganic fertilizer dispose light-duty roof greening planting matrix simultaneously with perlite, wood sawdust, zeolite; The proposition of this prescription be the human settlement improve crave for the place; Also be the strong countermeasure of environment protection, it not only can preserve moisture and fertility, can also save energy and reduce the cost, practice thrift cost, reduce fund input; Have pollution abatement and heat insulation function simultaneously, can estimate that market outlook are wide.
Each component mechanism and effect:
The effect and the effect of digestion suppressor factor: the ammonium fertilizer that is manured into soil usually, under the effect of nitrobacteria, can become nitric nitrogen and leaching loss, rationally use nitrification inhibitor with control nitration reaction speed, can reduce the loss of nitrogen, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer.Usually nitrification inhibitor will with the nitrogenous fertilizer mixing after use again.Nitrification inhibitor reduces loss of nitrogen fertilizer except that having, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the effect of output, also can reduce nitrite content in the farm crop, improves crops quality, reduces dose pollution to soil, underground water and environment when too high.
Add the mixture as fertilizer sources that the trace element of the composite fertilizer contain N, P, K and cupric, iron, manganese, zinc, boron constitutes in the described nutritive layer.
Because keeping foliage plants normal soil long hair educates necessary nutritive element and has 16 kinds: carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), iron (Fe), boron (B), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl).The demand of wherein preceding 9 kinds of elements is big, is called macroelement; The demand of the 7 kinds of elements in back is little, is called trace element.No matter be macroelement or trace element, they contain quantity not sufficient or when lacking, will produce serious detrimentally affect at-dawn to growing of foliage plants.In 16 kinds of essential elements, foliage plants can obtain from empty G&W carbon, hydrogen, oxygen element, and other elements all need from soil, to absorb.But in the natural soils, the original supply of nutritive element is very limited, and especially the content of ammonia, phosphorus, potassium element (claiming three elements again) generally can not satisfy the needs that grow of foliage plants, so must replenish through fertilising.But the potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer in the former patent is not used as base manure usually and costs an arm and a leg, and therefore prescription of the present invention with vitriolate of tartar has alternatively designed above-mentioned nutritive layer prescription in the present invention.
Nutritive layer can provide necessary nutritive ingredient for the plant of plantation, and it mainly acts on and is: the only moisture of plant-growth, oxygen and nutritive ingredient are provided; For the growth of root system of plant provides good space, promote the growth of root system, plant is played the set effect; Has the heat insulating effect, save energy; Lotus is in light weight, can practice thrift construction costs; Can hold back rainwater effectively, play the effect of water conservation; Because its nutritive ingredient is inorganics, so the stable performance of its effective constituent can not produce organic acid, more can not produce corrosive nature to building roof, and need not soil removal and replacement, makes things convenient for maintenance.
When being used for plants such as planting trees or flowers when described matrix, above-mentioned tectum need be set; If when being used for turf plant, can omit tectum.
Described medical stone or float stone can be selected distinct colors or identical color, such as redness or pink colour, green, to increase aesthetic feeling.
Said tectum effect mainly is can play natural beauty through tectum, reduces the radiation hazradial bundle of high light to plant, can play simultaneously and protect fertilizer slow-release, controls moisture evaporation, prevent the effect that particle disperses in the matrix; Medical stone is an activated mineral in addition, and itself contains multiple beneficial element to plant-growth, can reduce chemical fertilizer and use, and accelerate the growth of plant.
Add the mixture as fertilizer sources that the trace elements such as composite fertilizer and copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) constitute in the said nutritive layer, add nitrification inhibitor and microbial pesticide simultaneously as synergistic agent.
Said layer of displacement effect mainly is to prevent that fine particle from stopping up water exhaust system, with the penetrating ability of increase draining, and makes described matrix have certain water retention capacity, prevents the excessive emissions of moisture in the matrix.Make matrix have air permeability and good simultaneously, for plant-growth provides essential oxygen.
The matrix temperature difference around water-holding agent in the said matrix can make diminishes; So certain heat insulation effect is arranged; Water-holding agent includes required nutritive element of plant-growth and various trace elements simultaneously; Its water-absorbent high-moisture-retention is strong, has excellent moisture regulation function, when plant-growth needs, can supply moisture continuously; It also can mix use with fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, can also absorb and make its slow release simultaneously, increases operation rate.
When making product of the present invention, can be according to the proportioning of said different aspects, carry out after the sufficient mechanically mixing raw material for use respectively.In former patented product married operation method is that manual work utilizes the spade instrument to carry out, and wastes time and energy; Product married operation method of the present invention has had technical improvement, and the utilization stirrer carries out married operation, and is not only time saving and energy saving, also evenly combines each component, more helps the abundant absorption of plant to nutrient.When actual engineering was used, earlier at building surface or container floor pavement layer of displacement, thickness can be 5-10 ㎝, the nutritive layer that elder generation's laying layer of non-woven fabric (geotextile) on layer of displacement, and then laying mixed then prepares.The thickness of the nutritive layer of spreading can be confirmed according to the plant of being planted; For example: turf plant or ground should be lower than the thickness of planting trees by the thickness of time-like nutritive layer; The lawn laying depth can be at 10-15 ㎝, and shrub and dungarunga scope are at 30-45 ㎝, if bigger arbor scope is at 50-60 ㎝.Can select whether to lay tectum according to the plant of plantation at last, be 1-2 ㎝ if need laying depth.
The medium that mineral substance such as perlite, saw dust, medical stone, float stone and quantitative mineral manure and microbial pesticide are formed is used in greening of the present invention with organic culture substrate, have granule strength height, light weight porous, stable performance, good characteristics such as light weight is clean, draining is penetrating, preserve moisture and fertility, environment-friendly high-efficiency, easy construction, suitable plant-growth.The root system development of the suitable more plant of its distinctive vesicular structure has good set effect to trees.In addition, adjustable CEC (CEC) of quantitative design makes its quick growth that can effectively control plants such as trees, has alleviated the trees contradiction between loading increase and the built-loading of growing fast, is the preferred material of planted roof.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: this matrix can be applied to each item afforestation project like architecture greenings such as roof greening, the seasons in the sun Room, ecological bridges, can be used for also that container nursery, square container flowers beautify, family and office potted flower, alkaline land improving, transplanting big tree etc.Use product of the present invention; Can reduce pollute, energy-saving and cost-reducing (save the area, save the energy, input reduces cost); Be again that building combines with the organic, effective of the Nature with afforestation art, the mankind, can receive ecology, view, environmental protection, energy-conservation and multinomial long-range comprehensive benefit such as bring benefit to the people.Below specifically be summarized as follows:
(1) reduces the number of times that waters of planting plant, conserve water resource in the maintenance of plant later stage.
(2) because of the fertile and water-holding agent existence of slow-releasing is arranged, not only make fertilizer amount attenuating in the substrate formula, and make the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio raising reach 22-35%, also reduce the expense of applying fertilizer in the maintenance of plant later stage.Guaranteed that each nutritive ingredient does not run off, and obviously reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer in the final-period management; Because of there being microbial pesticide to exist, not only make insect protected expense attenuating in the final-period management, but also obviously promoted the growth of plant, make the plant growing way obviously be better than contrast, reach pollution abatement, energy-saving and cost-reducing effect meets current social energy-conserving and environment-protective theory.
(3) reduce room temp, help the conservation of power resource.
(4) receive pellet, help alleviating airborne dust, purify air.
(5) weaken the buildings sun reflection, help reducing urban heat land effect.
(6) receive and utilize natural rainfall, help reducing land drainage pressure.
(7) improve city drainage ability, help increasing atmospheric moisture, purified water source.
(8) retardance sandstorm helps improving the city anti-disaster ability.
(9) slacken city noise, useful people's physical and mental health.
(10) improve the urban environment looks, help improving urban life quality and view level, improve the harmony between man and nature degree, improve citizen's live and work environmental quality.
(11) direct economic benefit: through recent maintenance management expense statistics with compare the result and show: practice thrift the about 86.6 yuan/m of cost of investment owing to change former patent formulation
3, product of the present invention makes the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio in each nutritive layer improve 25-30% at the 2.5-3.8 Yuan/㎡ that economizes on the use of funds aspect water and fertilising and the prevention and elimination of disease and pests through using nitrification inhibitor simultaneously, and economic benefit is considerable; Its water saving in a word, energy-conservation, to save maintenance fund effect remarkable.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, to according to embodiment provided by the invention, details are as follows for characteristic:
Embodiment 1
A kind of greening is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, and the main composition of said matrix by volume per-cent is counted: with the perlite of 45-55%, the wood sawdust that 30-40% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the medical stone of 8-13%, the float stone of 2-7% is medium; Simultaneously by weight/and various components below the volume unit interpolation: mineral manure nitrification inhibitor 8-20 g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 150-280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 100-400g/m
3, urea 200-500 g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 10-30 g/m
3, manganous sulfate 15-40 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 10-30 g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 10-30 g/m
3, boric acid 5-15 g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 200-300 g/m
3And microbial pesticide 0.19-0.38g/m
3Mix the nutritive layer of forming; Layer of displacement is made up of with the drainage plate greening.
Greening has in light weight with the drainage plate, characteristics such as easy installation, 100% green percentage, sound-absorbing vibration damping, recyclable renewable, ecological, environmental protective.
Thickness (mm) for example: 20; Ultimate compression strength (kpa): 210; Material: high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE); Hole bore (mm): 0.15.
The drainage plate adopts high density polyethylene(HDPE) (HDPE) or Vestolen PP 7052 (PP) a kind ofly can build the drainage channel with certain solid space support stiffness through what the heating and pressurizing typing formed, but a kind of lightweight plate of retaining again.
This kind sheet material self just has retaining, two kinds of comprehensive functions of draining; Sheet material has the high characteristics of space rigidity; Crushing resistance obviously is superior to like product (can check through test in place); Can bear the above high resistance to compression load of 400Kpa, the extreme loads situation that can bear cal rolling in plantation top board backfill soil process simultaneously.
Have and build wet water in a layer internal drainage, the discharging soil, save function such as part wet water:
(1) the drainage plate can retaining, helps the growth of vegetation;
(2) drainage plate salient point sidewall is thicker, so ultimate compression strength is bigger, can reach more than the 40T, can satisfy the construction requirement and normal operating requirement of roof greening;
(3) drainage plate bearing surface is bigger; Neither can because of on cover non-woven fabrics and sink to block drainage channel; Also can not tear because of non-woven fabrics pulling force deficiency causes the earth entering to block drainage channel; The drainage plate can be complete the reservation drainage space, the situation of having avoided the plastics lugs to cause impeded drainage because of non-woven fabrics sink fully takes place, and will not cause vegetation withered, dead because of impeded drainage.
The characteristics of drainage plate:
(1) easy construction, easy maintenance and economy;
(2) withstand load and weather resistance are strong;
(3) can guarantee superfluous water is drained fast;
(4) the retaining part can be in store portion water;
(5) can adequate moisture and oxygen be provided to plant-growth;
(6) amount is light and the thermal insulation of roof heat insulation function is strong.The purposes of drainage plate: be used for roadside greening engineering in roof greening, underground roof panels greening, city square, golf course, Playgrounds, sewage work, public building greening, square greening, the garden.
Be provided with above the said nutritive layer one deck by volume the per-cent meter by 100% medical stone; Perhaps the 70-80% medical stone adds the 20-30% float stone and mixes the tectum of forming.
The physical and chemical index of said nutritive layer is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 200 ㎜/hr, particle diameter 2-4 ㎜, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, fertility 300-800 μ s/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
Said tectal physical and chemical index is: aerated density 1200-1500 ㎏/m
3, particle diameter 3-5 ㎜ passes through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, pH6.5-8.
The physical and chemical index of said layer of displacement is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, drain board hole 2-4 ㎜, compressive strength 30Ton/ ㎡, pH7-8.
Add the mixture as fertilizer sources that composite fertilizer and copper, iron, manganese, zinc, the boron trace element of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) constitute in the said nutritive layer, add nitrification inhibitor and microbial pesticide simultaneously as synergistic agent.
The mixture as fertilizer sources that trace elements such as the composite fertilizer of nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium (N, P, K) and copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron constitute specifically is made up of following chemical fertilizer: agricultural potassium sulfate (effective constituent potassium oxide content 50%) 150-280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate (effective constituent nitrogen element content 18%, phosphorus pentoxide content 46%) 100-400g/m
3, urea (effective constituent nitrogen element content 46%) 200-500 g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate (effective constituent copper content 25.4%) 10-30 g/m
3, manganous sulfate (effective constituent manganese element content 26%) 15-40 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate (effective constituent zinc element content 23%) 10-30 g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate (effective constituent iron content 19%) 10-30 g/m
3, boric acid (effective constituent boron content 17%) 5-15 g/m
3
Said microbial pesticide adopts commercially available general " microbial pesticide bacillus thruingensis ".
Embodiment 2
Layer of displacement: the drainage plate is used in greening;
Nutritive layer medium: 45% perlite, 40% wood sawdust, 10% medical stone, 5% float stone (more than be volume percent);
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: nitrification inhibitor 8g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 150g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 100/g m
3, urea 200g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 10g/m
3, manganous sulfate 15 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 10g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 10g/m
3, boric acid 5g/m
3, microbial pesticide 0.19g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 200g/m
3The weight of chemical reagent (more than be).
After above-mentioned article are mixed respectively, lay layer of displacement 5 ㎝ earlier, re-lay nutritive layer 20-30 ㎝; Owing to planted tall fescue turf, so need not to lay tectum.
The plant variety of planting: flowering peach, cherry, the short cherry of purple leaf, pomegranate, the rose of Sharon, Chinese pagoda tree, the capsule of weeping forsythia, Ramulus et Folium Spiraeae Salicifolia, gold leaf glossy privet, tatarian dogwood, Chinese rose, winter jasmine, frost flower, red-spotted stonecrop, tawny daylily, Festuca Arundinacea.
Plant survival rate 98%.
The existing application example of contrast is:
Layer of displacement: 70% perlite, 30% float stone;
Nutritive layer medium: 85% perlite, 10% zeolite, 5% float stone (more than be volume percent);
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: potassium primary phosphate 500g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 200g/ m
3, urea 300 g/m
3, copper sulfate 10g/m
3, manganous sulfate 15g/m
3, zinc sulfate 10g/m
3, ferrous sulfate 10g/m
3, boric acid 5g/m
3The weight of chemical reagent (more than be).
The present invention and existing application example comparing result show:
(1) saves 86.3 yuan/m of construction cost in early stage
3, the comparison of later stage maintenance diseases prevention worm expense is according to practicing thrift 0.4 yuan/m
2, the comparison of later stage maintenance fertilising expense is according to practicing thrift 1.2 yuan/m
2, the later stage maintenance is watered the expense comparison according to practicing thrift 0.9 yuan/m
2
(2) maintenance work is reduced to every month once once in a week by original, has alleviated labour intensity greatly, the labour cost of more saving;
(3) water consumption is reduced to 0.35T/ days/100 ㎡ by original 0.86T/ days/100 ㎡;
(4) engineering construction process is become simply by complicacy, uses the drainage plate because make the complicated medium that is mixed of original layer of displacement into novel greening, makes simple and efficient to handlely, and effect is better;
(5) preserve moisture and fertility property enhancing;
(6) the buying starting material also need be transported for long-distance by original part and become country of origin (like medical stone) and guarantee the convenient and of high quality and at a reasonable price of raw material.
Embodiment 3
Layer of displacement: the drainage plate is used in greening;
Nutritive layer medium: 50% perlite, 35% wood sawdust, 13% medical stone, 2% float stone (more than be volume percent);
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: nitrification inhibitor 15g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 230g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 300g/ m
3, urea 350g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 25g/m
3, manganous sulfate 35g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 25g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 25g/m
3, boric acid 12g/m
3, microbial pesticide 0.25g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 250g/m
3The weight of chemical reagent (more than be).
Tectum: 70% medical stone+30% float stone (more than be volume percent);
After above-mentioned article are mixed respectively, lay layer of displacement 5 ㎝ earlier, re-lay nutritive layer 20-40 ㎝. do not litter Ping Chu, re-lay tectum 1-2 ㎝.
The plant variety of planting: flowering peach, prunus cerasifera, gold leaf Chinese scholartree, pomegranate, the rose of Sharon, Chinese pagoda tree, the capsule of weeping forsythia, frost flower, gold leaf glossy privet, tatarian dogwood, Chinese rose, winter jasmine, Sabina vulgaris, iris, China pink, red sage, Festuca Arundinacea.
Plant survival rate 100%.
The existing application example of contrast is:
Layer of displacement: 60% perlite, 40% float stone;
Nutritive layer medium: 85% perlite, 10% zeolite, 5% float stone;
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: potassium primary phosphate 1200g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 500g/ m
3, urea 600 g/m
3, copper sulfate 25g/m
3, manganous sulfate 35 g/m
3, zinc sulfate 25g/m
3, ferrous sulfate 25 g/m
3, boric acid 12 g/m
3The weight of chemical reagent (more than be)
Tectum: 100% zeolite (more than be volume percent).
The present invention and existing application example comparing result show:
(1) saves 86.5 yuan/m of construction cost in early stage
3, the comparison of later stage maintenance diseases prevention worm expense is according to practicing thrift 0.5 yuan/m
2, the comparison of later stage maintenance fertilising expense is according to practicing thrift 1.5 yuan/m
2, the later stage maintenance is watered the expense comparison according to practicing thrift 1.2 yuan/m
2
(2) maintenance work is reduced to every month once once in a week by original, has alleviated labour intensity greatly, the labour cost of more saving;
(3) water consumption is reduced to 0.35T/ days/100 ㎡ by original 0.86T/ days/100 ㎡;
(4) engineering construction process is become simply by complicacy, uses the drainage plate because make the complicated medium that is mixed of original layer of displacement into novel greening, makes simple and efficient to handlely, and effect is better;
(5) preserve moisture and fertility property enhancing;
(6) the buying starting material also need be transported for long-distance by original part and become country of origin (like medical stone) and guarantee the convenient and of high quality and at a reasonable price of raw material.
Embodiment 4
Layer of displacement: the drainage plate is used in greening;
Nutritive layer medium: 55% perlite, 30% wood sawdust, 8% medical stone, 7% float stone (more than be volume percent);
Tectum: 80% medical stone+20% float stone (more than be volume percent);
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: nitrification inhibitor 20 g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 400g/ m
3, urea 500 g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 30g/m
3, manganous sulfate 40 g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 30g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 30g/m
3, boric acid 15 g/m
3, microbial pesticide 0.38g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 300g/m
3The weight of chemical reagent (more than be).
After above-mentioned article are mixed respectively, lay layer of displacement 10 ㎝ earlier, re-lay nutritive layer 10-30 ㎝; Do not litter Ping Chu, re-lay tectum 1-2 ㎝.
The plant variety of planting: flowering peach, the short cherry of purple leaf, Jin Zhihuai, Chinese pagoda tree, cypress, lacebark pine, pomegranate, the rose of Sharon, the capsule of weeping forsythia, gold leaf glossy privet, tatarian dogwood, Chinese rose, frost flower, Ramulus et Folium Spiraeae Salicifolia, winter jasmine, Linear Stonecrop Herb, iris, powder eight treasures (choice ingredients of certain special dishes), tawny daylily, Festuca Arundinacea.
Plant survival rate 100%.
The existing application example of contrast is:
Layer of displacement: 60% perlite, 40% float stone;
Nutritive layer medium: 80% perlite, 10% zeolite, 10% float stone;
Nutritive layer fertilizer add-on: potassium primary phosphate 1500g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 600g/ m
3, urea 700 g/m
3, copper sulfate 30g/m
3, manganous sulfate 40 g/m
3, zinc sulfate 30g/m
3, ferrous sulfate 30g/m
3, boric acid 15 g/m
3, the weight of chemical reagent (more than be).
Tectum: 70% zeolite+30% float stone (more than be volume percent)
The present invention and existing application example comparing result show:
(1) saves 86.6 yuan/m of construction cost in early stage
3, the comparison of later stage maintenance diseases prevention worm expense is according to practicing thrift 0.6 yuan/m
2, the comparison of later stage maintenance fertilising expense is according to practicing thrift 1.7 yuan/m
2, the later stage maintenance is watered the expense comparison according to practicing thrift 1.5 yuan/m
2
(2) maintenance work is reduced to every month once once in a week by original, has alleviated labour intensity greatly, the labour cost of more saving;
(3) water consumption is reduced to 0.35T/ days/100 ㎡ by original 0.86T/ days/100 ㎡;
(4) engineering construction process is become simply by complicacy, uses the drainage plate because make the complicated medium that is mixed of original layer of displacement into novel greening, makes simple and efficient to handlely, and effect is better;
(5) preserve moisture and fertility property enhancing;
(6) the buying starting material also need be transported for long-distance by original part and become country of origin (like medical stone) and guarantee the convenient and of high quality and at a reasonable price of raw material.
Table 1: greening is with multifunctional inorganic cultivation light ground mass and inorganic planting substrate for plantation contrast
| Project | Greening is cultivated light ground mass (product of the present invention) with multifunctional inorganic | Inorganic planting substrate for plantation |
| The substrate formula raw material | Super quality and competitive price, short-distance freight services | Valency is high, part material need be transported for long-distance |
| Technology | Simpler | Simply |
| The early stage construction cost | Comparison is according to practicing thrift cost 86.3-86.6 unit/m 3 | Higher |
| Later stage maintenance diseases prevention worm drug cost | Comparison is according to practicing thrift 0.4-0.6 unit/m 2 | Higher |
| Later stage maintenance fertilising expense | Comparison is according to practicing thrift 1.2-1.7 unit/m 2 | Higher |
| The later stage maintenance expense of watering | Comparison is according to practicing thrift 0.9-1.5 unit/m 2 | Higher |
| Nutrient preserving capability | Effect is strong | Generally |
| Maintenance work | Simply (1 time every month), expense is low | Difficult (1 time weekly), expense is high |
| Water conservation | 60kg/㎡ | 40kg/㎡ |
| The water consumption | 0.35T/ my god/100 ㎡ | 0.86T/ my god/100 ㎡ |
| Drought tolerance | Excellent | Very |
| Thermotolerance | Excellent | Very |
| Winter hardiness | Excellent | Very |
| Anti-lean | Excellent | Very |
Through contrast, the present invention has granule strength height, stable performance, durable, light weight, cleaning, multi-functional, good characteristics such as draining is penetrating, preserve moisture and fertility, environment-friendly high-efficiency, easy construction, suitable plant-growth.The root system development of the suitable more plant of its distinctive vesicular structure has good set effect to trees.
In addition, adjustable CEC (CEC) of quantitative design makes its quick growth that can effectively control plants such as trees, has alleviated the trees contradiction between loading increase and the built-loading of growing fast, is the preferred material of planted roof.
Above-mentioned with reference to embodiment to this greening with the detailed description that multifunctional inorganic cultivation light ground mass carries out, be illustrative rather than determinate, therefore in the variation and the modification that do not break away under the general plotting of the present invention, should belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a greening is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, and the main composition that it is characterized in that said matrix by volume per-cent is counted: with the perlite of 45-55%, the wood sawdust that 30-40% becomes thoroughly decomposed, the medical stone of 8-13%, the float stone of 2-7% is medium; Simultaneously by weight/and various components below the volume unit interpolation: mineral manure nitrification inhibitor 8-20g/m
3, agricultural potassium sulfate 150-280g/m
3, Secondary ammonium phosphate 100-400g/m
3, urea 200-500g/m
3, agricultural copper sulfate 10-30g/m
3, manganous sulfate 15-40g/m
3, agricultural zinc sulfate 10-30g/m
3, agricultural ferrous sulfate 10-30g/m
3, boric acid 5-15g/m
3, plant water keeping agent 200-300g/m
3And microbial pesticide 0.19-0.38g/m
3Mix the nutritive layer of forming; Layer of displacement is made up of with the drainage plate greening.
2. greening according to claim 1 is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, it is characterized in that said nutritive layer above be provided with one deck by volume the per-cent meter by 100% medical stone; Perhaps the 70-80% medical stone adds the 20-30% float stone and mixes the tectum of forming.
3. greening according to claim 1 is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, it is characterized in that the physical and chemical index of said nutritive layer is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 200 ㎜/hr, particle diameter 2-4 ㎜, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, fertility 300-800 μ s/cm, pH5.5-7.5.
4. greening according to claim 2 is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, it is characterized in that said tectal physical and chemical index is: aerated density 1200-1500 ㎏/m
3, particle diameter 3-5 ㎜, pass through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, CEC 15-30Cmolc/ ㎏, pH6.5-8.
5. greening according to claim 1 is cultivated light ground mass with multifunctional inorganic, it is characterized in that the physical and chemical index of said layer of displacement is: saturated aqueous weight≤500 ㎏/m
3, pass through water coefficient ≧ 1000 ㎜/hr, drain board hole 2-4 ㎜, compressive strength 30Ton/ ㎡, pH7-8.
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| CN105724170A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-07-06 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Hibiscus hamabo container nursery technique |
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Application publication date: 20120718 |