CN105724170A - Hibiscus hamabo container nursery technique - Google Patents

Abstract

The seaside hibiscus container seedling cultivation technology belongs to the field of plant artificial propagation technology, and specifically relates to the seaside hibiscus container seedling cultivation technology. The seedling raising process has strict requirements on the management of seed harvesting, storage, matrix disinfection, seedling transplanting, etc., and the selection of appropriate matrix formula, unified sowing technical requirements and reasonable seedling transplanting and other management programs has improved the seed emergence rate. The survival rate and growth rate of seaside hibiscus container seedlings are greatly improved, and a material basis is provided for the popularization and application of seaside hibiscus.

Description

Seashore Hibiscus Seedling Cultivation Techniques in Containers

technical field

The invention relates to a container seedling raising technology, in particular to a seaside hibiscus container seedling raising technology.

Background technique

Seaside hibiscus (Hibiscushamabo Sieb, et Zucc.) belongs to the deciduous shrub of Malvaceae Hibiscus, up to 2.5 to 4m high, with obvious trunk, luxuriant branches and leaves, and nearly round leaves. The flowers are bisexual, solitary in the leaf axils near the branch, the corolla is bell-shaped, 6cm in diameter, obovate petals are golden yellow, 5 pieces, rolled outward, and the inner stem is dark purple, from the beginning of July to the end of October, the flowering period is as long as 3 Moon is a woody flower with high ornamental value. The seaside hibiscus is only found in Zhoushan, Zhejiang and Ningbo coastal islands. It can grow normally on the seashore submerged by the spring tide. It can be planted on the seaside embankment. It can use its developed root system and seawater immersion resistance to achieve the purpose of embankment protection. It is commonly known as " "Sea pond tree" is one of the preferred tree species for afforestation in saline-alkali land. Seaside hibiscus has been listed as a rare and endangered tree species in Zhejiang Province for key protection. In recent years, as people pay more and more attention to the application of sea hibiscus, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out some related research on sea hibiscus, mainly focusing on the salt tolerance of sea hibiscus and the influence of salt stress on the physiological characteristics of sea hibiscus, etc. Aspects, but there is no relevant report on high-quality container seedling cultivation.

Malvaceae tree container seedling breeding technology has been explored by some researchers, but there are still some defects and deficiencies in practical application. At present, for seaside hibiscus seedling breeding technology, the seedling raising method is a systematic project: seed treatment, substrate Selection, cultivation time, specific management methods during cultivation, etc. are directly related to the survival rate of seedlings, and will further affect the growth rate and quality of seedlings. After years of experiments, the author has mastered the valuable container seedling raising technology of seaside hibiscus, which provides technical support for the propagation and cultivation of this tree species.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides container seedling raising technology of seaside hibiscus. Container seedling raising technology mainly includes: picking seeds, cutting off the fruiting branches, and drying them in the sun for 5 to 7 days until the fruit stalks and bracts are yellow and split automatically, and then patted with bamboo poles until all the seeds are screened out. Then use a funnel larger than 3/4 of the seeds to sift out the seeds, remove all sundries such as fruit stalks and bracts, put them in a cowhide bag and store them in a cool and dry place, and sow them in March-April of the next year , soak the seeds with gibberellin at a concentration of 500ppm for 8 hours, sieve the seeds with a funnel less than two-thirds of the seeds, sieve the seeds and sow them in a plastic greenhouse. +Rice husk+Sawdust is configured according to the volume ratio of 5:3:1:1, then add appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer and stir evenly. Mix 11g/m ² of zinc substitute evenly with 1.1% potassium permanganate or in the matrix, Perform substrate stack sterilization).

Adopt the sowing seedling tray of 50 hole specifications, every hole specification is 5cm (diameter) * 10cm (high), every hole is sowed 1-2, and substrate covering thickness is 0.3-0.5cm, and when substrate covers, needs suppression, makes seed and The substrate is tightly packed, watered with micro-spray in time after sowing, and covered with non-woven fabric for seedling trays. After that, spray once every 5 days and pour thoroughly. After 15-20 days, the cotyledons of seaside hibiscus seedlings began to unearth, and the non-woven fabric was removed in time. In early and mid-April, the germination of the seeds is basically completed, and the seedlings are transplanted and replanted according to the germination of the seeds in the seedling trays to ensure that one seedling is planted in each hole, and a short-term spray is carried out every afternoon to ensure the humidity in the greenhouse. In mid-April, the temperature gradually rises, so keep good ventilation during the day. In May, when the seaside hibiscus seedlings basically grow 2 complete leaves, choose a sunshade net with a light transmission of 75% for necessary shading. The greenhouse should be kept in a good ventilation state. In the weather with strong light, add spraying once in the morning and afternoon, topdress the fertilizer at the end of May and mid-July, and topdress the leaves with 0.2% urea solution. In the first ten days of August, the seedlings basically grow 3-4 young leaves. In the middle of the month, change the leaf surface spraying method to watering 1-2 times every 5 days, remove the sunshade net, and accept full light for seedling hardening. When the temperature drops in winter, close the doors and windows of the sunlight plastic greenhouse at any time to prevent breakage and repair leaks, so as to ensure that the plugs The seedlings can survive the winter safely, and at the same time, the control of the substrate temperature in the tray hole is strengthened.

When the seedlings grow to the first ten days of March of the second year, they are transplanted and replaced with nutrient pots. Transplant to a nutritional bowl with a size of 13cm (diameter) × 15cm (height). The transplanting medium is the same as the sowing medium, adding organic fertilizer and adding a small amount of compound fertilizer for mixed application, which is beneficial to the growth and extension of the seaside hibiscus root system. The 3-year-old seaside hibiscus seedlings enter the fast-growing period. In the first ten days of March of the 3rd year, transplant the 2-year-old container seedlings into a 25-45cm root-controlling container for open field cultivation. The cultivation substrate is peat soil: loess: rice husk = 3: The volume ratio is 4:3, mixed and prepared, and the decomposed organic fertilizer is added in an appropriate amount, and 1% three-element fertilizer is applied when transplanting. The leaf buds germinate from April to May, and the side buds that germinate at the base are removed in time. From May to June, topdress the leaves with 0.2% urea solution once every half month, and use drip irrigation for watering. From July to August, reduce the topdressing to once every 30 days, and stop the foliage in early September. For topdressing, rotate the container seedlings 180° so that the shady side receives more sunlight. In the spring of the 4th year, the container seedlings cultivated can carry out afforestation in saline-alkali land.

detailed description

Example 1:

1. Mother plant selection, fruit collection

Select an excellent single plant with strong growth potential, correct tree shape, no pests and diseases, and a tree age of more than 10 years as the mother tree for seed collection. The flowering period of Hibiscus hibiscus is from July to October, and the fruit matures gradually in November. Mid-November to mid-December is the best time to harvest Hibiscus Hibiscus seeds. After the fruit is harvested, dry it in the sun for 5-7 days until the fruit stalk turns yellow and splits automatically. Beat it with a bamboo pole until all the seeds pop out, then use a funnel that is 3/4 larger than the seeds to sift out the seeds, and remove the fruit stalks, bracts, etc. For all kinds of sundries, use tap water to rinse off the empty and unfulfilled grains, then sieve them with a funnel smaller than 2/3 of the seeds, store them in a dry place and dry them in the shade, and then store them in a cowhide bag.

2. Sowing seedlings, transplanting and changing nutrient bowls

In early April of the following year, seaside hibiscus was sown in a sunlight plastic greenhouse. The sowing substrate was prepared in the greenhouse 12 days in advance, and the volume ratio of the sowing substrate formula was peat soil: lake mud: rice husk: sawdust = 5:3:1:1, and then an appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer was added and stirred evenly. Use 1.1% potassium permanganate or evenly mix 11 g/m ² of Zn in the matrix to carry out stacking and sterilization of the matrix.

A sowing and seedling tray with a specification of 50 holes is adopted, and the size of each hole is 5cm (diameter) × 10cm (height), 1-2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the substrate covering thickness is 0.3-0.5cm. Tightly stick to it, and water it with micro-spray in time after sowing to prevent the young shoots from dehydration and damage. After fully drenching the water, cover the seedling tray with non-woven fabric. Depending on the weather conditions, spray permeable water every 5 days. After 15-20 days, the cotyledons of seaside hibiscus seedlings begin to unearth. After emergence, shade in time to prevent the sun from scorching. When the seedlings grow to the first ten days of March of the next year, change to a large nutritional pot. Specifications The diameter is 13cm, the height is 15cm, the transplanting substrate is the same as the sowing substrate, and the input of organic fertilizer is increased appropriately, and a small amount of compound fertilizer is mixed. After entering the summer, the full-light spraying cultivation method is adopted. During the high temperature period, pay attention to keeping the greenhouse well ventilated and spraying every day. 3-4 times, 3-5 minutes each time. From June to August, topdress the leaves with 0.2% urea solution once a month. Reduce water supply after September. Container seedlings can survive the winter safely in greenhouses under natural light, and the height of seedlings grown in greenhouses for 2 years can reach 70-80cm. In the first ten days of March of the 3rd year, the 2-year-old container seedlings that will be cultivated are transplanted into 25-45cm root-controlling containers, and cultivated in the open field. Appropriately increase the decomposed organic fertilizer, and apply 1% three-element fertilizer when transplanting. The leaf buds germinate from April to May, and the side buds that germinate at the base are removed in time. From May to June, topdress the leaves with 0.2% urea solution once every half month, and use drip irrigation for watering. From July to August, reduce the topdressing to once every 30 days, and stop the foliage in early September. For topdressing, rotate the container seedlings 180° so that the shady side receives more sunlight. In the spring of the 4th year, the container seedlings cultivated can carry out afforestation in saline-alkali land.

Claims (1)

1. Seaside hibiscus container seedling raising technology, its features include seed collection and storage, sowing seedling raising and transplanting; The specific technical steps are: 1) Soak the seeds with 500ppm gibberellin for 8 hours before sowing. 2) The volume ratio of the sowing substrate formula is peat soil: lake mud: rice husk: sawdust = 5:3:1:1, then add 5% compound fertilizer and mix and stir evenly. Use 1.1% potassium permanganate or evenly mix 11 g/m ² of Zn in the matrix to carry out stacking and sterilization of the matrix. 3) In the first ten days of March of the second year, transplant to a nutrient bowl with a size of 13cm (diameter) × 15cm (height). The transplanting substrate is the same as the sowing substrate. 4) In the first ten days of March of the third year, transplant the cultivated 2-year-old container seedlings into a 25-45cm root-controlled container, and cultivate them in the open field. The volume ratio of the cultivation substrate formula is peat soil: loess: rice husk=3: 4: 3, Apply 1% tri-element fertilizer. The leaf buds germinate from April to May, and the side buds that germinate at the base are removed in time. From May to June, topdress the leaves with 0.2% urea solution once every half month, and use drip irrigation for watering. From July to August, reduce the topdressing to once every 30 days, and stop the foliage in early September. For topdressing, rotate the container seedlings 180° so that the shady side receives more sunlight.