CN107018843A - A kind of utilization two-stage method cultivates the method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling - Google Patents
A kind of utilization two-stage method cultivates the method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN107018843A CN107018843A CN201710263809.7A CN201710263809A CN107018843A CN 107018843 A CN107018843 A CN 107018843A CN 201710263809 A CN201710263809 A CN 201710263809A CN 107018843 A CN107018843 A CN 107018843A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling is cultivated the invention discloses a kind of utilization two-stage method, belongs to botanical seedling culturing technical field.The inventive method includes single trunk seedling and cultivates, views and admires greening seedling incubation step.The present invention uses two-stage method, first carry out seedling cultivation, in conjunction with different non-woven fabrics nutrient bag specifications, put seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping methods, different size is obtained after cultivation and views and admires greening seedling, the Queensland nut cultivated using the inventive method views and admires greening seedling, seedling quality is good, can all transplant throughout the year, and transplanting survival rate is high;Queensland nut views and admires that greening seedling trunk is logical straight, tree crown is plentiful, the four seasons are evergreen, fragrance of a flower fruit is beautiful, and ornamental value is high, purification air, greening sweetening treatment beautification natural environment, has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of botanical seedling culturing technical field, and in particular to one kind cultivates single trunk turriform Australia using two-stage method
The method that continent nut views and admires greening seedling.
Background technology
Queensland nut(Macadamiaspp.)Also known as macadamia, originates in Australia, belongs to Proteaceae
(Proteaceae)Queensland nut belongs to(MacadamiaF. Mull), it is the emerging perennial woody oil tree in torrid areas
With high-grade nut fruits crop.China about introduced Queensland nut in 1910, but until just started commerciality in 1980 or so
Plantation.At present, about 1,500,000 mu of the cultivated area of China's Queensland nut, but annual production meets far away the consumption demand of the country, supply and demand
Breach is very big so that Queensland nut industrial prospect is very wide.In the world among numerous dry fruits, the economic valency of Queensland nut
It is worth highest, usually enjoys singing the praises of for " king of nut ".
Macadamia is aiphyllium, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, and leaf is generally trilobed wheel life or the life of four impellers, and shape drapes over one's shoulders pin
Shape, oblong, ellipse and obovate etc., climax leaves be light green color to strong green, tender leaf have light green color, green, yellow green,
Blush and aubergine etc., raceme pendency(Suspension), flower is white, milky or pink etc., and fragrant, the florescence is long
Up to more than 30 days, interior thorax result, a string one pendencys of ploughing of fruit(Suspension), have spherical, oval, ellipse etc., fruiting period is up to more than 200
My god, it is good to view and admire green tree species.However, Queensland nut economic value is high, the economic life up to 40 ~ 60 years, frequently as fruit tree
Cultivation, existing macadamia is not yet made full use of as greening function is viewed and admired, and has limited to the purposes and effect of macadamia
Benefit.
The content of the invention
Single trunk turriform Queensland nut, which is cultivated, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of utilization two-stage method views and admires greening seedling
Method, this method is simple and easy to apply, makes full use of it to view and admire greening function, has expanded the purposes of macadamia, increases benefit.
In order to reach the purpose of foregoing invention, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:One kind cultivates single using two-stage method
The method that trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling, including seedling are cultivated, view and admire greening seedling incubation step, as follows:
(1)Single trunk seedling is cultivated:After after the stable hardening of the wheel blade of seedling second, choose healthy and strong disease-free seedling and press seeding row spacing 15cm
× 20cm is transplanted to nursery lot, pours root water, soil is touched with root, pulls on the shading net shade 3 of shading rate 50% ~ 70%
~ 4 days;Timely weeding, depending on the timely water drenching of weather condition or water drainage, depending on the timely supplementary fertilizing of nursery stock growing way, prevents and treats anthracnose, Ji in time
Horse, aphid pest and disease damage;The lateral bud sprouted on timely trunk of erasing, increases single quick thickening of trunk seedling;
(2)View and admire greening seedling cultivation:When seedling ground diameter is up to 0.8 more than cm, highly up to 60 more than cm, seedling is transplanted to ring
In the friendly non-woven fabrics nutrient bag of border, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control measure are carried out, with reference to different non-woven fabrics nutrient bags rule
Lattice, seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping are put, cultivate different size and view and admire greening seedling.
It is preferred that, step(1)Described regards the timely water drenching of weather condition or water drainage, depending on the timely supplementary fertilizing of nursery stock growing way, tool
Body is:The timely water drenching of high temperature and drought weather is run into, tree disk ground moistening, rainy season timely draining is kept, in case long-time ponding is macerated
Root dead seedling;Originally 2 months after seedling is stable, 1 0.2 wt. % urea liquid manure was applied every 15 days, a thin layer is spread fertilizer over the fields later
Low-phosphorous composite fertilizer;N in the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer:P:K=13:2:13.
It is preferred that, the different non-woven fabrics nutrient bag specifications of the combination, seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping are put,
Cultivate different size and view and admire greening seedling, be specifically:Cultivation ground diameter is when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 1.5 ~ 3.0cm, and seedling is transplanted to
In diameter × a height of 25cm × 30cm non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, trained according to seeding row spacing 80 ~ 100cm × 80 ~ 100cm is put
Educate;Cultivation ground diameter is when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 3.0 ~ 6.0cm, and seedling is transplanted to diameter × a height of 35cm × 40cm non-woven fabrics
In nutrient bag, cultivated according to seeding row spacing 200 ~ 300cm × 200 ~ 300cm is put.
Further, step(2)Described single trunk pyramidal crown shaping, is cultivating ground diameter viewing and admiring for 1.5 ~ 3.0cm
During greening seedling, the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 120cm is wiped out;Cultivation ground diameter is when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 3.0 ~ 6.0cm,
Wipe out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 150cm.
It is preferred that, step(2)Described pyramidal crown shaping, specific method is:1 stalwartness is selected and remain after trunk truncation upright
Bud continues to grow into trunk, and lateral bud culture first layer branch of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 ° treats trunk terminal bud from the last time point
Truncation again when 40 ~ 50cm of scolus is long, then select and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continue to grow into trunk, 3 crotch angles are at 60 ~ 80 °
Lateral bud culture second layer branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, is plucked when each branch length is to 20 ~ 30cm
The heart or cutting back, select and remain the lateral bud of horizontal direction to cultivate side shoot, the like operation, cultivate pyramidal crown.
The present invention has the advantages that:
(1)The Queensland nut that the present invention is cultivated using two-stage method views and admires greening seedling, and seedling quality is good, can all transplant throughout the year,
Non-woven fabrics nutrient bag need not be divested during field planting, root is hindered in reduction, transplanting survival rate is up to 98 more than %;
(2)The present invention combines different non-woven fabrics nutrient bag specifications, puts seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping, cultivates
The Queensland nut of different size views and admires greening seedling;
(3)The present invention, by tree crown shaping culture pyramidal crown, adds sight on the basis of the single trunk of culture;
(4)Queensland nut is less demanding to result as greening-tree, and suitable planting region makes after being significantly expanded extension, exploitation
Greening block becomes economic forest band, and production fruit increases income;
(5)The present invention utilizes the Queensland nut of two-stage method cultivation to view and admire, and greening seedling trunk is logical directly, tree crown is plentiful, the four seasons are evergreen, flower
Fragrant fruit is beautiful, and ornamental value is high, can plant extensively in places such as trade, highway, villa, gardens, garden, schools, purification air, green
Change sweetening treatment beautification natural environment.
Embodiment
In order that content of the present invention is it is more readily appreciated that below by specific embodiment to technology of the present invention
Scheme is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited only to this.
Embodiment 1:Single trunk turriform Queensland nut is cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below and views and admires greening seedling.
1st, single trunk seedling is cultivated:
(1)Transplant seedlings:After after the stable hardening of the wheel blade of seedling second, choose healthy and strong disease-free seedling and transplanted by seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm
To nursery lot, root water is poured, soil is touched with root;
(2)Set up cool canopy:The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the % of the % of shading rate 50 ~ 70 shading net is pulled on, shaded 3 days;
(3)Weeding:Weeding is timely, avoids injuring seedling during weeding;
(4)Rich water quality management:The timely water drenching of high temperature and drought weather is run into, tree disk ground moistening, rainy season timely draining, Yi Mianchang is kept
Time ponding macerates root dead seedling;Originally 2 months after seedling is stable, 1 0.2 wt.% urea liquid manure was applied every 15 days, is spread later
Apply the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of a thin layer(N:P:K=13:2:13);
(5)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 70 are selected in anthracnose early stage
800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of wt.% thiophanate methyls wettable powder are prevented and treated;Cause harm period using 50 wt.% Aphoxs in aphid
3000 ~ 5000 times of liquid sprayings of wettable powder are prevented and treated;Using 1500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating stinkbug classes of Le Siben missible oil and thrips;
Moth class is prevented and treated using 1000 times of liquid sprayings of Dipel;
(6)Trimming:The lateral bud sprouted on timely trunk of erasing, increases single quick thickening of trunk seedling.
2nd, cultivate ground diameter and view and admire greening seedling for 1.5 ~ 3.0cm:
(1)Transplanting:When seedling ground diameter is up to more than 0.8cm, highly up to more than 60cm, environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrition is transplanted to
Bag in, be placed in nursery lot, using non-woven fabrics nutrient bag diameter × a height of 25cm × 30cm, put seeding row spacing for 100cm ×
100cm;
(2)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to seedling cultivating and managing;
(3)Single trunk culture:Wipe out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 120cm;
(4)Tree crown shaping:With reference to pyramidal crown shaping, 1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain after trunk truncation and continues to grow into trunk, 3
Lateral bud culture first layer branch of the individual crotch angle at 60 ~ 80 °, when trunk terminal bud is long from last 40 ~ 50cm of branching-point again
Truncation, then select and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continue to grow into trunk, the lateral bud culture second layer point of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °
Branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, and each branch length selects and remain water to pinching during 20 ~ 25cm or cutting back
Square to lateral bud to cultivate side shoot, such as indivedual branches less than 60 ° using the method adjustment crotch angle for drawing branch, successively class
Push operation, cultivates pyramidal crown.
Embodiment 2:Single trunk turriform Queensland nut is cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below and views and admires greening seedling.
1st, single trunk seedling is cultivated:
(1)Transplant seedlings:After after the stable hardening of the wheel blade of seedling second, choose healthy and strong disease-free seedling and transplanted by seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm
To nursery lot, root water is poured, soil is touched with root;
(2)Set up cool canopy:The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the % of the % of shading rate 50 ~ 70 shading net is pulled on, shaded 4 days;
(3)Weeding:Weeding is timely, avoids injuring seedling during weeding;
(4)Rich water quality management:The timely water drenching of high temperature and drought weather is run into, tree disk ground moistening, rainy season timely draining, Yi Mianchang is kept
Time ponding macerates root dead seedling;Originally 2 months after seedling is stable, 1 0.2 wt.% urea liquid manure was applied every 15 days, is spread later
Apply the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of a thin layer(N:P:K=13:2:13);
(5)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 50 are selected in anthracnose early stage
800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of wt.% carbendazol wettable powders are prevented and treated;Cause harm period using the spirit of 22 wt.% aphids lices in aphid
3500 times of liquid are prevented and treated;Using 10 wt.% Fastacs missible oil, 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating stinkbug classes and thrips;Adopt
Moth class is prevented and treated with 90 wt.% metrifonate, 1000 times of liquid sprayings;
(6)Trimming:The lateral bud sprouted on timely trunk of erasing, increases single quick thickening of trunk seedling.
2nd, cultivate ground diameter and view and admire greening seedling for 3.0 ~ 4.5cm:
(1)Transplanting:When seedling ground diameter is up to more than 0.8cm, highly up to more than 60cm, environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrition is transplanted to
Bag in, be placed in nursery lot, using non-woven fabrics nutrient bag diameter × a height of 35cm × 40cm, put seeding row spacing 200cm ×
200cm;
(2)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to seedling cultivating and managing;
(3)Single trunk culture:Wipe out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 150cm;
(4)Tree crown shaping:Trunk is continued to grow into reference to 1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain after pyramidal crown shaping, i.e. trunk truncation,
Lateral bud culture first layer branch of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °, when trunk terminal bud is long from last 40 ~ 50cm of branching-point again
Truncation, then select and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continue to grow into trunk, the lateral bud culture second layer point of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °
Branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, and each branch length selects and remain horizontal direction to cutting back during 25 ~ 30cm
Lateral bud to cultivate side shoot, such as indivedual branches less than 60 ° using draw branch method adjustment crotch angle, the like behaviour
Make, cultivate pyramidal crown.
Embodiment 3:Single trunk turriform Queensland nut is cultivated using two-stage method using step in detail below and views and admires greening seedling.
1st, single trunk seedling is cultivated:
(1)Transplant seedlings:After after the stable hardening of the wheel blade of seedling second, choose healthy and strong disease-free seedling and transplanted by seeding row spacing 15cm × 20cm
To nursery lot, root water is poured, soil is touched with root;
(2)Set up cool canopy:The high cool canopies of 2 m are set up, the % of the % of shading rate 50 ~ 70 shading net is pulled on, shaded 4 days;
(3)Weeding:Weeding is timely, avoids injuring seedling during weeding;
(4)Rich water quality management:The timely water drenching of high temperature and drought weather is run into, tree disk ground moistening, rainy season timely draining, Yi Mianchang is kept
Time ponding macerates root dead seedling;Originally 2 months after seedling is stable, 1 0.2 wt.% urea liquid manure was applied every 15 days, is spread later
Apply the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of a thin layer(N:P:K=13:2:13);
(5)The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:The pest and disease damages such as anthracnose, thrips, aphid are prevented and treated in time, 50 are selected in anthracnose early stage
800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of wt.% carbendazol wettable powders are prevented and treated;Cause harm period using 10 wt.% imidacloprids in aphid
2500 ~ 10000 times of liquid sprayings of wettable powder are prevented and treated;Using 10 wt.% Fastacs missible oil, 1000 ~ 2000 times of liquid sprays
Mist prevents and treats stinkbug class and thrips;Moth class is prevented and treated using 1000 times of liquid sprayings of Dipel;
(6)Trimming:The lateral bud sprouted on timely trunk of erasing, increases single quick thickening of trunk seedling.
2nd, cultivate ground diameter and view and admire greening seedling for 4.5 ~ 6.0cm:
(1)Transplanting:When seedling ground diameter is up to more than 0.8cm, highly up to more than 60cm, environmentally friendly non-woven fabrics nutrition is transplanted to
Bag in, be placed in nursery lot, using non-woven fabrics nutrient bag diameter × a height of 35cm × 40cm, put seeding row spacing 300cm ×
300cm;
(2)Soil fertilizer and water management and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:With reference to seedling cultivating and managing;
(3)Single trunk culture:Wipe out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 150cm;
(4)Tree crown shaping:Trunk is continued to grow into reference to 1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain after pyramidal crown shaping, i.e. trunk truncation,
Lateral bud culture first layer branch of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °, when trunk terminal bud is long from last 40 ~ 50cm of branching-point again
Truncation, then select and remain 1 upright bud of stalwartness and continue to grow into trunk, the lateral bud culture second layer point of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °
Branch, every layer of branch is mutually staggered in the dimensional orientation of tree crown, and each branch length selects and remain horizontal direction to pinching during 25 ~ 30cm
Lateral bud to cultivate side shoot, such as indivedual branches less than 60 ° using draw branch method adjustment crotch angle, the like behaviour
Make, cultivate pyramidal crown.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of utilization two-stage method cultivates the method that single trunk turriform Queensland nut views and admires greening seedling, it is characterised in that:Including list
Trunk seedling is cultivated, views and admires greening seedling incubation step, specific as follows:
(1)Single trunk seedling is cultivated:After after the stable hardening of the wheel blade of seedling second, choose healthy and strong disease-free seedling and press seeding row spacing 15cm
× 20cm is transplanted to nursery lot, pours root water, soil is touched with root, pulls on the shading net shade 3 of shading rate 50% ~ 70%
~ 4 days;Timely weeding, depending on the timely water drenching of weather condition or water drainage, depending on the timely supplementary fertilizing of nursery stock growing way, prevents and treats anthracnose, Ji in time
Horse, aphid pest and disease damage;The lateral bud sprouted on timely trunk of erasing, increases single quick thickening of trunk seedling;
(2)View and admire greening seedling cultivation:When seedling ground diameter is up to 0.8 more than cm, highly up to 60 more than cm, it is transplanted to environment-friendly
In type non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, soil fertilizer and water management and pest control measure are carried out, with reference to different non-woven fabrics nutrient bag specifications, is put
Seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping, cultivate different size and view and admire greening seedling.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1)Described regards the timely water drenching of weather condition or row
Flood, depending on the timely supplementary fertilizing of nursery stock growing way, be specifically:The timely water drenching of high temperature and drought weather is run into, tree disk ground moistening, rainy season is kept
Timely draining, in case long-time ponding macerates root dead seedling;Originally 2 months after seedling is stable, 1 0.2 wt.% was applied every 15 days
Urea liquid manure, spreads fertilizer over the fields the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer of a thin layer later;N in the low-phosphorous composite fertilizer:P:K=13:2:13.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)The different non-woven fabrics nutrient bag specifications of the combination,
Seeding row spacing and single trunk pyramidal crown shaping are put, different size is cultivated and views and admires greening seedling, be specifically:Cultivate ground diameter be 1.5 ~
In when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 3.0cm, the non-woven fabrics nutrient bag that seedling is transplanted to diameter × a height of 25cm × 30cm, according to putting
Seeding row spacing 80 ~ 100cm × 80 ~ 100cm is cultivated;Cultivation ground diameter is when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 3.0 ~ 6.0cm, by small transplantation of seedlings
Into diameter × a height of 35cm × 40cm non-woven fabrics nutrient bag, carried out according to seeding row spacing 200 ~ 300cm × 200 ~ 300cm is put
Cultivate.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described single trunk pyramidal crown shaping, in training
Ground diameter is educated for when viewing and admiring greening seedling of 1.5 ~ 3.0cm, wipes out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 120cm;Cultivating ground diameter is
When viewing and admiring greening seedling of 3.0 ~ 6.0cm, wipes out the lateral bud side shoot sprouted between liftoff 0 ~ 150cm.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2)Described pyramidal crown shaping, specific method
For:1 upright bud of stalwartness is selected and remain after trunk truncation and continues to grow into trunk, lateral bud culture of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °
One layer of branch, the truncation, then select and remain the upright bud continuation life of 1 stalwartness again when trunk terminal bud is long from last 40 ~ 50cm of branching-point
Grow up to trunk, lateral bud culture second layer branch of 3 crotch angles at 60 ~ 80 °, every layer of branch is mutual in the dimensional orientation of tree crown
Stagger, each branch length to pinching during 20 ~ 30cm or cutting back selects and remain the lateral bud of horizontal direction to cultivate side shoot, the like
Operation, cultivates pyramidal crown.
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CN110313343A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-11 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | A kind of cultural method for promoting Cortex Eucommiae to do sth. in advance result |
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